备战2022届高考英语外刊时事命题题组（一）（阅读、完型）（含答案）
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| 名称 | 备战2022届高考英语外刊时事命题题组（一）（阅读、完型）（含答案） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2022-03-31 13:39:53 | ||
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备战2022年高考英语外刊时事命题题组（一）
阅读理解1 App maps shady spots to guide Barcelona walkers along cooler routes 应用程序绘制乘凉地图，引导巴塞罗那市民走凉爽路线
阅读理解2 McDonald’s is changing its coffee cups to promote the COVID-19 vaccine 麦当劳在咖啡杯上印标语以推广新冠疫苗接种
阅读理解3 The Incredible Shrinking And Growing Brains Of Indian Jumping Ants 印度跳蚁的大脑可以灵活伸缩
完形填空 Kaleidoscope of the Heart: It’s OK to be in the minority 心灵万花筒：不惧成为少数派
阅读理解1
Part1外刊原文
App maps shady spots to guide Barcelona walkers along cooler routes
选自The Guardian
A new app promises to help Barcelona residents find the shadiest route between two places to avoid extreme heat.
Cool Walks, a routing tool for pedestrians first developed at a data visualisation contest, aims to show users a variety of walking routes to take for their intended destinations.
Users can choose the most direct route, a shady route that may take a little longer, or they can set the app to “vampire mode”, which avoids direct sunlight at all costs. Users can also use the app to find drinking fountains, or places to shelter from the sun.
The app uses a tool called Lidar to create high-resolution models of ground elevation, accurate to within 10cm. This information is combined with data on the sun’s path to work out where is in shade at any given time of day.
Barcelona is looking to use green spaces and trees as part of its efforts to mitigate the effects of global heating. The city’s 20-year tree masterplan aims to increase the proportion of land covered by trees from 25% to 30%.
Albert Carbonell, lead analyst at the geographic information systems department at urban planning agency Barcelona Regional and one of the developers of the app, said: “I don’t know many cities that deal with pedestrian routing. It’s nice for a public agency to work with data that the city gave to us, to demonstrate that it’s feasible to come up with technological solutions to climate change.”
Although the tool only maps one neighbourhood of Barcelona, it is hoped the research will provide information on how the city can adapt to extreme heat to protect its citizens and economy.
Marc Montlleo, director of environmental projects at Barcelona Regional, said the vampire mode was created from taking “the most extreme form of the data algorithm”.
He said: “We wanted to generate different options so you could pick faster or cooler routes and we calculated three different algorithms. The vampire mode was made from our team who had a lot of beer the night before. It was for a bit of fun to totally avoid sunlight.”
Heatwaves kill more people than any other climate risk. According to C40, a climate leadership group made up of 97 cities around the world, extreme heat events in cities can cause mortality increases of up to 14%, as well as lower workforce productivity and damage infrastructure such as roads and rail lines.
Jon Burke, a former councillor for Hackney in London, who was responsible for a massive expansion of tree planting in the borough, said: “I think we should view this particular kind of app as an interim measure to reduce the impacts of extreme heat … while cities rapidly invest in urban canopy cover and broader green infrastructure.
“The scientific literature on urban forestry is clear: in order to begin reducing temperatures during extreme heat events, we need to be aiming for 40% canopy cover on street as a minimum, and combine this with additional green infrastructure interventions and the systematic removal of heat-trapping concrete, tarmac, and other hard surfaces.
“Leaders also need to think about how to deploy green infrastructure in ways that reduces peak grid electricity demand for cooling, and in highly strategic ways […] Healthcare services will also need to increasingly prepare for excess summer, rather than winter, admissions and deaths.
“Trees and broader green infrastructure is the most advanced technology known for mitigating the impact of our densifying and rapidly heating cities. City leaders should make that their priority in the first instance.”
Part 2命题改编
A new app promises to help Barcelona residents find the shadiest route between two places to avoid extreme heat. Cool Walks, a routing tool for people first developed at a data visualization contest, aims to show users a variety of walking routes to take for their intended destinations.
Users can choose the most direct route, a shady route that may take a little longer, or they can set the app to a special mode, which avoids direct sunlight at all costs. Users can also use the app to find drinking fountains, or places to shelter from the sun.
The app uses a tool called Lidar to create high-resolution models of ground, accurate to within 10 cm. This information is combined with data on the sun’s path to work out where is in shade at any given time of day.
Barcelona is looking to use green spaces and trees as part of its efforts to mitigate the effects of global heating. The city’s 20-year tree master plan aims to increase the proportion（比例）of land covered by trees from 25% to 30%. Although the tool only maps one neighborhood of Barcelona, it is hoped the research will provide information on how the city can adapt to extreme heat to protect its citizens and economy.
Heatwaves kill more people than any other climate risk. According to C40, a climate leadership group made up of 97 cities around the world, extreme heat events in cities can cause death increases of up to 14%, as well as lower workforce productivity and damage infrastructure（基础设施）such as roads and rail lines.
Jon Burke, a former consultant for Hackney in London, who was responsible for a massive expansion of tree planting in the district, said: “I think we should view this particular kind of app as a temporary measure to reduce the impacts of extreme heat...while cities rapidly invest in urban canopy（树冠层）cover and broader green infrastructure.”
1. What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A. The designer of the app.
B. The function of the app.
C. The potential users of the app.
D. The working principle of the app.
2. What does the underlined word “mitigate” mean in Paragraph 4？
A. Predict.
B. Feel.
C. Consider.
D. Relieve.
3. What is the purpose of Paragraph 5
A. To indicate the background for designing the app.
B. To raise awareness of protecting the environment.
C. To stress the importance of road construction.
D. To give warnings of more upcoming disasters.
4. What can we infer from the last paragraph
A. The district needs to be expanded.
B. Jon Burke has a great sense of duty.
C. Investment in tree planting is a wise choice.
D. The app is powerful enough to cope with heatwaves.
Part 3题目解析
体裁：说明文 主题：人与社会
【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了一款可以帮助市民在炎热的夏天找到最阴凉的路线的应用程序,包括其研发的背景——全球极端高温天气频发，文章最后指出植树造林才是这一问题的根本解决之道。
1.B
【命题意图】考查主旨大意。
【解题思路】根据第二段中的“Users can choose the most direct route”以及
“Users can also use ght the app to find drinking fountains, or places to shelter from the sun.”可知，第三段主要介绍了这款应用程序的功能。故选B。
2. D
【命题意图】考查词义猜测。
【解题思路】根据画线词所在句中的green spaces and trees和常识可知，此处是指“巴塞罗那正在寻求利用绿色空间和树木作为其努力的一部分，以减少全球变暖所带来的影响”mitigate与relieve意思相近。故选D。
3.A
【命题意图】考查写作意图。
【解题思路】这一段主要叙述了全球极端高温天气频发引发的不良后果，这是研发这款应用程序的背景。故选A。
4.C
【命题意图】考查推理判断。
【解题思路】根据最后一段的“…I think we should view this particular kind of app as a temporary measure to reduce the impacts of extreme heat... while cities rapidly invest in urban canopy（树冠层）cover and broader green infrastructure.”可知，这种特殊的应用程序是应对极端高温天气的临时措施，而应对极端高温天气的长久之计在于植树造林，扩大绿化基础设施建设。故选C。
技巧点拨
长难句分析。Although the tool only maps one neighborhood of Barcelona, it is hoped the research will provide information on how the city can adapt to extreme heat to protect its citizens and economy.本句是一个主从复合句。Although引导让步状语从句；how 引导宾语从句。句意：尽管该工具仅绘制了巴寒罗那的一个街区的地图，但希望这项研究将提供有关该城市如何适应极端高温天气以保护其市民和经济的信息。
词汇积累
route 路线
temporary 临时的
阅读理解2
Part1外刊原文
McDonald’s is changing its coffee cups to promote the COVID-19 vaccine
选自CNN
McDonald’s is partnering with the White House to promote vaccination information on its coffee cups as hesitancy grows about taking the potentially life-saving shot.
Beginning in July, customers in the United States will see redesigned McCafe cups and delivery seal stickers that features “We Can Do This,” a slogan created by the US Department of Health and Human Services to promote vaccine confidence. It also includes a website address (vaccines.gov) that directs people to nearby appointments and safety information.
The promotion will last several weeks and the slogan will be printed on roughly 50 million cups.
Prior to that, McDonald’s said its billboard in New York’s Times Square location will also display vaccine information beginning in mid-May.
“We all want to protect ourselves and our loved ones and be together with our communities again,” said Genna Gent, McDonald’s USA vice president for global public policy and government relations, in a statement. “McDonald’s is excited to be doing our part for the people we serve, providing them with simple information that can help keep them safe.”
Xavier Becerra, the Health and Human Services secretary, said in a statement that the public-private partnership will “be able to get trusted information about vaccines when they grab a cup of coffee or order a meal.”
“This effort will help more people make informed decisions about their health and learn about steps they can take to protect themselves and their communities,” he added.
McDonald’s wasn’t paid by the government for this promotion, according to a person familiar with the campaign.
The “We Can Do This” campaign was announced in March and aimed at encouraging hesitant Americans to get immunized. In a Kaiser Family Foundation survey, 47% of people who say they want to “wait and see” before being vaccinated said paid time off to get it would make them more likely to do so, and 39% said a financial incentive of $200 from their employer would work.
The US vaccination rate has declined from its peak last month, pushing officials to offer new incentives to further encourage the wary, hesitant and inaccessible to get vaccinated. So far, more than 150 million people in the US have received at least one dose of the vaccine.
Part 2命题改编
McDonald’s is partnering with the White House to promote vaccination（疫苗接种）information on its coffee cups as hesitancy grows about taking the potentially life-saving shot.
Beginning in July, customers in the United States will see redesigned McCafe cups and delivery seal stickers that features“We Can Do This”slogan（口号）created by the US Department of Health and Human Services to promote vaccine confidence. It also includes a website address (vaccines. gov) that directs people to nearby appointments and safety information.
The promotion will last several weeks and the slogan will be printed on roughly 50 million cups. Prior to that, McDonald’s said its billboard in New York’s Times Square location will also display vaccine information beginning in mid-May. “We all want to protect ourselves and our loved ones and be together with our communities again, ”said Genna Gent, McDonald’s USA vice president for global public policy and government relations. Xavier Becerra, the Health and Human Services secretary, said, “The public-private partnership will help more people make informed decisions about their health and learn about steps they can take to protect themselves and their communities.”
McDonald’s wasn’t paid by the government for this promotion, according to a person familiar with the campaign.
The“We Can Do This”campaign was announced in March and aimed at encouraging hesitant Americans to get vaccinated. In a Kaiser Family Foundation survey, 47% of people who say they want to “wait and see” before being vaccinated said paid time off to get it would make them more likely to do so, and 39% said a financial allowance of $200 from their employer would work.
The US vaccination rate has declined from its peak last month, pushing officials to work out new ideas to further encourage the cautious hesitant and inaccessible to get vaccinated. So far, more than 150 million people in the US have received at least one dose(剂量) of the vaccine.
1. Why does McDonald’s redesigned its McCafe cups
A. To promote its coffee sales.
B. To raise public safety awareness.
C. To encourage people to get vaccinated.
D. To bid for government investment.
2. What do we know about the McDonald’s campaign
A. The slogan is to be displayed in mid-May.
B. The government provides financial support.
C. McDonald’s doubles its efforts for public health.
D. McDonald’s assists people in making appointments.
3. What can be inferred about the vaccination rate
A. Employers can play a vital part.
B. Government efforts were in vain.
C. People’s busy work slows it down.
D. Next month will witness an increase.
4. Where is the text probably taken from
A. A government document.
B. An advertisement.
C. A tourist brochure.
D. A newspaper.
Part 3题目解析
体裁：新闻报道 主题：人与社会
【语篇导读】美国餐饮公司麦当劳为了帮助政府推进新冠疫苗的接种工作，重新设计了它的咖啡杯。
1.C
【命题意图】考查细节理解。
【解题思路】根据文章第一段的内容和第二段“Beginning in July, customers in the United States will see redesigned McCafe cups and delivery seal stickers that features‘We Can Do This’, a slogan created by the US Department of Health and Human Services to promote vaccine confidence. ”可知，麦当劳重新设计它的咖啡杯是为了鼓励人们去接种疫苗。故选C。
2. C
【命题意图】考查细节理解。
【解题思路】根据文章第三段的内容可知，麦当劳的这一宣传活动将持续数周,标语将印在大约5000万个杯子上，并且在此之前，其还从5月中旬开始在纽约时代广场的广告牌上展示疫苗信息。由此可知，为了公众的健康,麦当劳非常努力。故选C。根据第三段中的“Prior to that, McDonald's said its billboard in New York's Times Square location will also display vaccine information beginning in mid-May.” 可知，A项错误；根据第四段内容可知B项错误；D项在文中没有提及，属于无中生有。
3.A
【命题意图】考查推理判断。
【解题思路】根据文章倒数第二段中的“In a Kaiser Family Foundation survey, 47% of people who say they want to ‘wait and see’before being vaccinated said paid time off to get it would make them more likely to do so, and 39% said a financial allowance of $ 200 from their employer would work.”可知，如果老板能够给员工安排带薪假期去接种疫苗或者给员工200美元的津贴，员工们会更愿意接种疫苗。故选A。
4.D
【命题意图】考查文章出处。
【解题思路】本文介绍的是美国餐饮公司麦当劳为了帮助政府推动新冠疫苗的接种工作，重新设计了它的咖啡杯。所以本文应该是一篇新闻报道。故选D。
技巧点拨
长难句分析。In a Kaiser Family Foundation survey, 47% of people who say they want to ‘wait and see’before being vaccinated said paid time off to get it would make them more likely to do so, and 39% said a financial allowance of $ 200 from their employer would work.本句是一个主从复合句。who引导的定语从句修饰先行词47% of people，who在从句中作主语；said后是一个省略了that的宾语从句。
词汇积累
potential 潜在的
hesitant 犹豫的
financial 财务
阅读理解3
Part1外刊原文
The Incredible Shrinking And Growing Brains Of Indian Jumping Ants
选自 NPR
New research on ants has shown a first in insects: the ability to shrink and then regrow their brains in a big way.
It relates to how these particular ants, called Harpegnathos saltator, or the Indian jumping ant, reproduce.
"In most ants, the queen is the only member of the colony that lays eggs," says Clint Penick, an assistant professor of biology at Kennesaw State University in Georgia. "The workers just do all of the hunting and take care of the babies and all of the chores in the colony. But the queen is the only one who reproduces. And when she dies, the colony dies."
Not so for this type of ant, native to India. Their worker ants have the ability to mate and reproduce. So when the Indian jumping ant queen dies, "it actually triggers a dominance tournament. And they'll fight each other over a month to decide who's going to be the next ant to replace the queen."
(These are all females we're talking about. The males really aren't involved in anything here except mating and dying.)
The queen doesn't have an exact replacement. A handful of tournament winners — called "gamergates" — all assume queen-like duties of laying eggs.
Penick and his colleagues found that when the ants take on the role of gamergate, their brains shrink by 19% on average. The shrinkage likely happens so that they can save energy to focus on producing eggs. Hormones trigger additional changes in the ants, including larger ovaries, less venom production and much longer lifespans.
The fact that the ants' brains shrink to reproduce wasn't new.
"But what we didn't know was if they had the capacity to regrow them back to their previous size," Penick tells NPR's Lulu Garcia-Navarro on Weekend Edition. "The typical wisdom is that once you lose brain cells, they don't come back."
Penick and other scientists plucked these gamergates away from their colonies for a few weeks. The thinking was that the lack of social interaction and care would make them revert back to their previous worker status.
It worked. After several weeks, the ex-gamergates were back to being lowly workers — with their bigger brains regrown.
"When we started the study, we didn't know if any insect was actually capable of this," Penick says.
"We are now starting to find that there are animal species that are capable of shrinking their brain and then regrowing them, even humans to some degree, but not nearly on the scale to what we see here."
Still, there are potential implications for humans.
"It tells us that brains are a lot more plastic and have a lot more abilities to change back and forth between their size than we knew," Penick says. "And ants, their brains have some shared traits with humans, believe it or not. So now we're looking at digging into some of the genetic and other neural mechanisms that are underlying these brain changes."
Part 2命题改编
New research on ants has firstly shown that insects have the ability to shrink and then regrow their brains. It relates to how these particular ants, called the Indian jumping ant, reproduce.
“In most ants, the queen is the only member of the colony（种群）that lays eggs. When she dies, the colony dies. The workers just do the hunting and take care of the babies and the chores.” says Clint Penick, a professor of biology at Kennesaw State University in Georgia. But this is not true for Indian jumping ants. Their worker ants have the ability to mate and reproduce. So when the queen dies, a dominance tournament starts. They’ll fight each other over a month to decide who’s going to be the next queen.
The queen doesn’t have an exact replacement. Tournament winners—called “gamergates” —all assume queen-like duties of laying eggs. The study found that when the ants take on the role of gamergates, their brains reduce its size by 19% on average, so that they can save energy to focus on producing eggs. The fact that the ants’ brains shrink to reproduce wasn’t new. But what scientists didn’t know was if they had the ability to regrow them back.
Penick’s team separated gamergates from their colonies for a few weeks. The thinking was that the lack of social interaction and care would make them return to their previous status. It worked. After several weeks, the ex-gamergates were back to being low-class workers—with their bigger brains regrown. “We are now starting to find that there are animal species that are capable of shrinking their brains and then regrowing them, even humans to some degree.“ Penick says.
There are still potential suggestions for humans. According to Penick, the brains are more flexible in size than we knew. The brains of ants have some shared features with humans. So now scientists are looking at digging into the genetic and other neural mechanisms（神经机制）supporting these brain changes.
1. What is special about the Indian jumping ant colony
A. The worker ants fight with the queen.
B. The queen is the only one to lay eggs.
C. The colony continues when the queen dies.
D. The queen is devoted to looking after babies.
2. What can be inferred from Paragraph 3
A. Some ants won the competition of laying eggs.
B. Gamergates are not willing to regrow their brains.
C. Whether ants can regrow brains back wasn’t known before.
D. The downsizing of ants' brains was first found in the study.
3. How did Penick’ team enable the ants to regrow their brains
A. By taking good care of the ants.
B. By improving the ants’ social status.
C. By preventing the ants from laying eggs.
D. By keeping the ants from social contacts.
4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. The Special Queens of the Ant Colony
B. The Flexible Brain of Indian Jumping Ants
C. A Genetic Wonder: from Ants to Humans
D. A Shrinking Ant Brain: from a Worker to a Queen
Part 3题目解析
体裁：说明文 主题：人与自然
【语篇导读】科学家研究发现，印度跳蚁的大脑在萎缩后可以重新发育生长。科学家正在研究这种大脑的改变背后的遗传和神经机制。
1.C
【命题意图】考查细节理解。
【解题思路】根据第二段中的“In most ants, the queen is the only member of the colony （种群）that lays eggs. When she dies, the colony dies.”和“But this is not true for Indian jumping ants. Their worker ants have the ability to mate and reproduce.” 可知，在印度跳蚁种群中，即使蚁后死了，种群也不会灭亡，因为工蚁也有交配和繁殖的能力。故选C。
2. C
【命题意图】考查推理判断。
【解题思路】根据第三段中的“The fact that the ants' brains shrink to reproduce wasn't new. But what scientists didn't know was if they had the ability to regrow them back.”可知，蚂蚁萎缩大脑以进行繁殖的事实并不新鲜。但科学家们不知道的是它们是否有能力让萎缩的大脑重新发育生长。故选C。
3.D
【命题意图】考查细节理解。
【解题思路】根据第四段中的“Penick’s team separated gamergates from their colonies for a few weeks. The thinking was that the lack of social interaction and care would make them return to their previous status. It worked. After several weeks, the ex-gamergates were back to being low-class workers—with their bigger brains regrown.”可知，通过将蚂蚁与它们的种群分开，即切断它们之间的社会联系，可以让蚂蚁萎缩的大脑重新生长。故选D。
4.B
【命题意图】考查主旨大意。
【解题思路】根据全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了印度跳蚁的大脑在萎缩后可以再生长这一科学研究发现，所以B项是本文的最佳标题。
技巧点拨
借助文章体裁解答标题归纳题。本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项新的研究发
现。这种文体的特点是开篇就会介绍文章的主旨大意。而明确主旨大意恰好是解答标题归纳题的关键。通读本文，特别是第一段的内容可知，本文主要是说印度跳蚁的大脑在萎缩后可以重新发育生长。所以文章的最佳标题应为The Flexible Brain of Indian Jumping Ant。选项中的flexible 高度概括了have the ability to shrink and then regrow their brains。
词汇积累
relate to 有关联；与......有关；理解
so that 因此；以便
capable of 能够
be focus on 关注，聚焦于
to some degree 在一定程度上
完形填空
Part1外刊原文
Kaleidoscope of the Heart: It's OK to be in the minority
选自The Mainichi
Have you ever wondered: "Am I in the majority or the minority "
I don't usually think about that kind of thing, but sometimes I wonder, "Might I be in the minority " For example, at a meeting at the university where I work, there are sometimes elections which I vote in; when I see the results, I often find out that I was the only one who voted for a particular option.
How do I feel when it happens I think, "I was right," but I also feel a little unsure, saying to myself, "So, is it wrong to be different from everyone else " Sometimes I think that had I known before voting that everyone would choose someone different to my choice, I might have changed my mind, thinking, "Well, I guess I'll do the same."
Recently, when I introduced a news story in my class and asked the students for their opinions, many of them expressed the same view. For the sake of clarity, let's say that the opinion was "Mr. A is right."
However, afterwards, when we all looked at the internet news page where readers can write comments on the article, most of the opinions there were that "Mr. A is not correct." Since it's the internet, the number of people was also very specific, and we could see that thousands wrote in with their views.
The faces of the students who had been saying "Mr. A is right" darkened. They must have started to lose confidence, thinking, "Oh, if there are so many people who disagree with me, then maybe my opinion is wrong." I encouraged them not to be distracted by the number, but to cherish the opinions that they thought were right.
That said, as I mentioned above, I also have the feeling that, as much as possible, I do not want to be in the minority. I can voice my opinion and vote to show "this is how I am" when I don't know whether it's a minority view, but I don't know what would happen if numbers clearly showed which opinion is more common, like in the comments section of this online article.
The internet is convenient, but the fact that people can visibly see that "this is what everyone's opinion is" sometimes makes it difficult for people with opposing views to speak out. How can I teach my students that they don't have to be in the majority, but should believe in themselves and say what they think To do that, I must first be able to believe it is OK to be in the minority. That's what I told myself.
Part 2命题改编
Recently, I introduced a news story in my class and asked the students for their opinions. Many of them 1 the view that “Mr. A is right”
However, afterwards, when they looked at the Internet news page where most 2 were that “Mr. A is not correct” and the number of people with 3 view was specific— thousands of people wrote in with their views, their faces 4 . I asked them how they felt when they found the 5 . Some said they began to feel 6 , thinking, “ if there are so many people disagree with me, then maybe my opinion is 7 .” I encouraged them not to be distracted by the 8 of people with different ideas, but to 9 the opinions that they thought were right.
That said, I also have the feeling that I do not want to be in the 10 . I can voice my opinion 11 when I don’t know whether it’s a minority view, but I don’t know what would happen if numbers clearly showed which opinion is more 12 .
The Internet is convenient, but the fact that people can 13 see that “this is what everyone’s opinion is” sometimes makes it 14 for people with opposing views to speak out. How can I teach my students to believe in themselves and say what they think To do that, I must first 15 them it is OK to be in the minority. That's what I believe.
1. A. discussed B. expressed C. provede D. explained
2. A. answers B. decisions C. updates D. comments
3. A. opposing B. sensible C. traditional D. positive
4. A. cleared B. glowed C. darkened D. softened
5. A. cause B. result C. response D. evidence
6. A. satisfied B. surprised C. unsure D. disappointed
7. A. valuable B. new C. unique D. wrong
8. A. number B. power C. fortune D. position
9. A. accept B. cherish C. explore D. promote
10. A. conflict B. opposite C. minority D. situation
11. A. confidently B. seriously C. politely D. independently
12. A. interesting B. practical C. common D. precious
13. A. frequently B. occasionally C. privately D. visibly
14. A. important B. difficult C. strange D. dangerous
15. A. inform B. promise C. warn D. convince
Part 3题目解析
体裁：夹叙夹议文 主题：人与自我——不惧成为少数派
【语篇导读】作者在课堂上让学生们表达对某个新闻报道的看法，当得知网上大多数人持与他们相反的意见时，学生们表现出不确定和自我怀疑。这一件事也引起了作者的自我反思，并认识到要坚持自己的观点，不受网络上大多数人的观点的影响的重要性。
1.B
【命题意图】考查动词。
【解题思路】根据上文可知，作者在询问学生对新闻报道的看法,所以此处是指学生们表达自己的观点。express意为“表达”，故选B。discuss“讨论”；prove “证明”；explain“解释”。
2. D
【命题意图】考查名词。
【解题思路】根据上文的asked the students for their opinions及Internet news page，可知，学生们在新闻网页上看到了其他人对该新闻报道的观点和评论，即“A先生不对”comment意为“评论”，故选D。answer“答案”；decision“决定”；update“最新消息”。
3.A
【命题意图】考查形容词。
【解题思路】根据上文可知大多数网友的观点是“Mr. A is not correct”，这
与作者的学生的观点“Mr. A is right” 截然相反。opposite意为“相反的”，故选A。sensible“明智的、理智的”；traditional“传统的”；positive“积极的”
4.C
【命题意图】考查动词。
【解题思路】根据上文可知，当看到大多数网友的观点与自己的观点相反时，学生们的心情必定是很复杂的，脸也就沉了下来。darken意为“（使）忧郁，生气，不快”；故选C。clear“移走、清除”；glow“发出暗淡的光”；soften“（使）态度缓和”。
5.B
【命题意图】考查名词。
【解题思路】根据语境可知，此处是指作者询问学生们看到网上大多数人与他们的观点相反这一“结果”时的感受。result广意为“结果”，故选B。cause“原因”；response“答复；反应”；evidence“证据”。
6.C
【命题意图】考查形容词。
【解题思路】根据下文的“if there are so many people disagree with me, then maybe my opinion is . ”可知,学生们对自己的观点产生了怀疑，也就对自己的想法
开始感到不确定。unsure意为“无把握、不确定、犹豫”，故选C。satisfied“满意的”；surprised“惊讶的”；disappointed“失望的”。
7.D
【命题意图】考查形容词。
【解题思路】根据上文可知，学生们开始自我怀疑，觉得如果这么多人与自
己的观点不一致，那么就有可能自己的观点是错的。wrong意为“错误的”，故选D。valuable“很有用的”；new“新的”；unique“独一无二的”。
8.A
【命题意图】考查名词。
【解题思路】根据上文的“the number of people with view was specific—thousands of people wrote in with their views”可知，学生们可以看到确切的持相反观点的人数，容易受到多数人意见的影响而对自己的观点产生怀疑，所以此处是指作者鼓励学生们不要让自己被持相反观点的人数分散了注意力。number意为“数量”，故选A。power“控制方、影响力”；fortune“运气”；position
“位置”。
9.B
【命题意图】考查动词。
【解题思路】根据空前的but可知。此处应与上文是转折关系，即作者鼓励学
生们不要让自己被持相反观点的人数分散了注意力，而要珍视自己认为正确的观点。cherish意为“珍视”，故选B。accept“接受”；explore“探素”；promote“促进”。
10.C
【命题意图】考查名词。
【解题思路】根据上下文内容可知,本文讨论的是作为持少数观点的群体该如何做，空处所在句是说当然，作者也不想成为少数群体中的一员。minority“少数：少数派、少数人”，故选C。空处与下文的when I don’t know whether it’s a minority view中的minority是原词复现。conflict“冲突”；opposite“对立面、反面”；situation“处境”。
11.A
【命题意图】考查副词。
【解题思路】根据上文作者的学生们在得知自己是持少数观点中的一员时表现出水的自我怀疑可知，此处是指作者在不清楚自己是否是少数派中的一员时，能不受影响并“自信地”发表自己的观点。confidently意为“自信地”，故选 A。seriously “认真地”；politely“礼貌地”；independently“独立地”。
12.C
【命题意图】考查形容词。
【解题思路】根据上文及上文中的转折连词but可知，作者在不清楚自己是否是少数派中的一员时，能不受影响，但是如果看到更多的人与自己的观点不同时，自己可能会变得不确定，也就是会受到更常见观点的影响。common意为“常见的”，故选C。interesting“有趣的”；practical“实际的”；precious“珍贵的”。
13.D
【命题意图】考查副词。
【解题思路】根据上文的“The number of people with view was specific—thousands of people wrote in with their views和下文的see that ‘this is what everyone’s opinion is”可知，人们可以在网上“清楚地”看到其他人的观点。visibly意为“易察觉地；明显地”，故选D。frequently“频繁地、经常地”；
occasionally“偶然、偶尔、有时候”；privately“私下地”。
14.B
【命题意图】考查形容词。
【解题思路】根据上文可知当人们看到其他人都持一致的观点时，若自己持相反的看法，表达自己的想法就会变得困难。difficult意为“困难的”，故选B。important
“重要的”；strange“奇怪的”；dangerous“危险的”。
15.D
【命题意图】考查动词。
【解题思路】根据上文的How can I teach my students to believe in themselves和下文的it is OK to be in the minority 可知，为了让学生们相信自己并且坚持自己的观点，作者最先应该去做的是使他们相信，即使是少数派也没关系。Convince意为“使确信;使相信”故选D。inform“通知”；promise“承诺”；warn“警告”。
技巧点拨
长难句分析。Although the tool only maps one neighborhood of Barcelona, it is hoped the research will provide information on how the city can adapt to extreme heat to protect its citizens and economy.本句是一个主从复合句。Although引导让步状语从句；how 引导宾语从句。句意：尽管该工具仅绘制了巴寒罗那的一个街区的地图，但希望这项研究将提供有关该城市如何适应极端高温天气以保护其市民和经济的信息。
词汇积累
comment 议论、评论、
result 后果、结果、
power 影响力、能力
conflict 冲突、矛盾
promise 承诺
warn 警告、告诚
阅读理解1 App maps shady spots to guide Barcelona walkers along cooler routes 应用程序绘制乘凉地图，引导巴塞罗那市民走凉爽路线
阅读理解2 McDonald’s is changing its coffee cups to promote the COVID-19 vaccine 麦当劳在咖啡杯上印标语以推广新冠疫苗接种
阅读理解3 The Incredible Shrinking And Growing Brains Of Indian Jumping Ants 印度跳蚁的大脑可以灵活伸缩
完形填空 Kaleidoscope of the Heart: It’s OK to be in the minority 心灵万花筒：不惧成为少数派
阅读理解1
Part1外刊原文
App maps shady spots to guide Barcelona walkers along cooler routes
选自The Guardian
A new app promises to help Barcelona residents find the shadiest route between two places to avoid extreme heat.
Cool Walks, a routing tool for pedestrians first developed at a data visualisation contest, aims to show users a variety of walking routes to take for their intended destinations.
Users can choose the most direct route, a shady route that may take a little longer, or they can set the app to “vampire mode”, which avoids direct sunlight at all costs. Users can also use the app to find drinking fountains, or places to shelter from the sun.
The app uses a tool called Lidar to create high-resolution models of ground elevation, accurate to within 10cm. This information is combined with data on the sun’s path to work out where is in shade at any given time of day.
Barcelona is looking to use green spaces and trees as part of its efforts to mitigate the effects of global heating. The city’s 20-year tree masterplan aims to increase the proportion of land covered by trees from 25% to 30%.
Albert Carbonell, lead analyst at the geographic information systems department at urban planning agency Barcelona Regional and one of the developers of the app, said: “I don’t know many cities that deal with pedestrian routing. It’s nice for a public agency to work with data that the city gave to us, to demonstrate that it’s feasible to come up with technological solutions to climate change.”
Although the tool only maps one neighbourhood of Barcelona, it is hoped the research will provide information on how the city can adapt to extreme heat to protect its citizens and economy.
Marc Montlleo, director of environmental projects at Barcelona Regional, said the vampire mode was created from taking “the most extreme form of the data algorithm”.
He said: “We wanted to generate different options so you could pick faster or cooler routes and we calculated three different algorithms. The vampire mode was made from our team who had a lot of beer the night before. It was for a bit of fun to totally avoid sunlight.”
Heatwaves kill more people than any other climate risk. According to C40, a climate leadership group made up of 97 cities around the world, extreme heat events in cities can cause mortality increases of up to 14%, as well as lower workforce productivity and damage infrastructure such as roads and rail lines.
Jon Burke, a former councillor for Hackney in London, who was responsible for a massive expansion of tree planting in the borough, said: “I think we should view this particular kind of app as an interim measure to reduce the impacts of extreme heat … while cities rapidly invest in urban canopy cover and broader green infrastructure.
“The scientific literature on urban forestry is clear: in order to begin reducing temperatures during extreme heat events, we need to be aiming for 40% canopy cover on street as a minimum, and combine this with additional green infrastructure interventions and the systematic removal of heat-trapping concrete, tarmac, and other hard surfaces.
“Leaders also need to think about how to deploy green infrastructure in ways that reduces peak grid electricity demand for cooling, and in highly strategic ways […] Healthcare services will also need to increasingly prepare for excess summer, rather than winter, admissions and deaths.
“Trees and broader green infrastructure is the most advanced technology known for mitigating the impact of our densifying and rapidly heating cities. City leaders should make that their priority in the first instance.”
Part 2命题改编
A new app promises to help Barcelona residents find the shadiest route between two places to avoid extreme heat. Cool Walks, a routing tool for people first developed at a data visualization contest, aims to show users a variety of walking routes to take for their intended destinations.
Users can choose the most direct route, a shady route that may take a little longer, or they can set the app to a special mode, which avoids direct sunlight at all costs. Users can also use the app to find drinking fountains, or places to shelter from the sun.
The app uses a tool called Lidar to create high-resolution models of ground, accurate to within 10 cm. This information is combined with data on the sun’s path to work out where is in shade at any given time of day.
Barcelona is looking to use green spaces and trees as part of its efforts to mitigate the effects of global heating. The city’s 20-year tree master plan aims to increase the proportion（比例）of land covered by trees from 25% to 30%. Although the tool only maps one neighborhood of Barcelona, it is hoped the research will provide information on how the city can adapt to extreme heat to protect its citizens and economy.
Heatwaves kill more people than any other climate risk. According to C40, a climate leadership group made up of 97 cities around the world, extreme heat events in cities can cause death increases of up to 14%, as well as lower workforce productivity and damage infrastructure（基础设施）such as roads and rail lines.
Jon Burke, a former consultant for Hackney in London, who was responsible for a massive expansion of tree planting in the district, said: “I think we should view this particular kind of app as a temporary measure to reduce the impacts of extreme heat...while cities rapidly invest in urban canopy（树冠层）cover and broader green infrastructure.”
1. What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A. The designer of the app.
B. The function of the app.
C. The potential users of the app.
D. The working principle of the app.
2. What does the underlined word “mitigate” mean in Paragraph 4？
A. Predict.
B. Feel.
C. Consider.
D. Relieve.
3. What is the purpose of Paragraph 5
A. To indicate the background for designing the app.
B. To raise awareness of protecting the environment.
C. To stress the importance of road construction.
D. To give warnings of more upcoming disasters.
4. What can we infer from the last paragraph
A. The district needs to be expanded.
B. Jon Burke has a great sense of duty.
C. Investment in tree planting is a wise choice.
D. The app is powerful enough to cope with heatwaves.
Part 3题目解析
体裁：说明文 主题：人与社会
【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了一款可以帮助市民在炎热的夏天找到最阴凉的路线的应用程序,包括其研发的背景——全球极端高温天气频发，文章最后指出植树造林才是这一问题的根本解决之道。
1.B
【命题意图】考查主旨大意。
【解题思路】根据第二段中的“Users can choose the most direct route”以及
“Users can also use ght the app to find drinking fountains, or places to shelter from the sun.”可知，第三段主要介绍了这款应用程序的功能。故选B。
2. D
【命题意图】考查词义猜测。
【解题思路】根据画线词所在句中的green spaces and trees和常识可知，此处是指“巴塞罗那正在寻求利用绿色空间和树木作为其努力的一部分，以减少全球变暖所带来的影响”mitigate与relieve意思相近。故选D。
3.A
【命题意图】考查写作意图。
【解题思路】这一段主要叙述了全球极端高温天气频发引发的不良后果，这是研发这款应用程序的背景。故选A。
4.C
【命题意图】考查推理判断。
【解题思路】根据最后一段的“…I think we should view this particular kind of app as a temporary measure to reduce the impacts of extreme heat... while cities rapidly invest in urban canopy（树冠层）cover and broader green infrastructure.”可知，这种特殊的应用程序是应对极端高温天气的临时措施，而应对极端高温天气的长久之计在于植树造林，扩大绿化基础设施建设。故选C。
技巧点拨
长难句分析。Although the tool only maps one neighborhood of Barcelona, it is hoped the research will provide information on how the city can adapt to extreme heat to protect its citizens and economy.本句是一个主从复合句。Although引导让步状语从句；how 引导宾语从句。句意：尽管该工具仅绘制了巴寒罗那的一个街区的地图，但希望这项研究将提供有关该城市如何适应极端高温天气以保护其市民和经济的信息。
词汇积累
route 路线
temporary 临时的
阅读理解2
Part1外刊原文
McDonald’s is changing its coffee cups to promote the COVID-19 vaccine
选自CNN
McDonald’s is partnering with the White House to promote vaccination information on its coffee cups as hesitancy grows about taking the potentially life-saving shot.
Beginning in July, customers in the United States will see redesigned McCafe cups and delivery seal stickers that features “We Can Do This,” a slogan created by the US Department of Health and Human Services to promote vaccine confidence. It also includes a website address (vaccines.gov) that directs people to nearby appointments and safety information.
The promotion will last several weeks and the slogan will be printed on roughly 50 million cups.
Prior to that, McDonald’s said its billboard in New York’s Times Square location will also display vaccine information beginning in mid-May.
“We all want to protect ourselves and our loved ones and be together with our communities again,” said Genna Gent, McDonald’s USA vice president for global public policy and government relations, in a statement. “McDonald’s is excited to be doing our part for the people we serve, providing them with simple information that can help keep them safe.”
Xavier Becerra, the Health and Human Services secretary, said in a statement that the public-private partnership will “be able to get trusted information about vaccines when they grab a cup of coffee or order a meal.”
“This effort will help more people make informed decisions about their health and learn about steps they can take to protect themselves and their communities,” he added.
McDonald’s wasn’t paid by the government for this promotion, according to a person familiar with the campaign.
The “We Can Do This” campaign was announced in March and aimed at encouraging hesitant Americans to get immunized. In a Kaiser Family Foundation survey, 47% of people who say they want to “wait and see” before being vaccinated said paid time off to get it would make them more likely to do so, and 39% said a financial incentive of $200 from their employer would work.
The US vaccination rate has declined from its peak last month, pushing officials to offer new incentives to further encourage the wary, hesitant and inaccessible to get vaccinated. So far, more than 150 million people in the US have received at least one dose of the vaccine.
Part 2命题改编
McDonald’s is partnering with the White House to promote vaccination（疫苗接种）information on its coffee cups as hesitancy grows about taking the potentially life-saving shot.
Beginning in July, customers in the United States will see redesigned McCafe cups and delivery seal stickers that features“We Can Do This”slogan（口号）created by the US Department of Health and Human Services to promote vaccine confidence. It also includes a website address (vaccines. gov) that directs people to nearby appointments and safety information.
The promotion will last several weeks and the slogan will be printed on roughly 50 million cups. Prior to that, McDonald’s said its billboard in New York’s Times Square location will also display vaccine information beginning in mid-May. “We all want to protect ourselves and our loved ones and be together with our communities again, ”said Genna Gent, McDonald’s USA vice president for global public policy and government relations. Xavier Becerra, the Health and Human Services secretary, said, “The public-private partnership will help more people make informed decisions about their health and learn about steps they can take to protect themselves and their communities.”
McDonald’s wasn’t paid by the government for this promotion, according to a person familiar with the campaign.
The“We Can Do This”campaign was announced in March and aimed at encouraging hesitant Americans to get vaccinated. In a Kaiser Family Foundation survey, 47% of people who say they want to “wait and see” before being vaccinated said paid time off to get it would make them more likely to do so, and 39% said a financial allowance of $200 from their employer would work.
The US vaccination rate has declined from its peak last month, pushing officials to work out new ideas to further encourage the cautious hesitant and inaccessible to get vaccinated. So far, more than 150 million people in the US have received at least one dose(剂量) of the vaccine.
1. Why does McDonald’s redesigned its McCafe cups
A. To promote its coffee sales.
B. To raise public safety awareness.
C. To encourage people to get vaccinated.
D. To bid for government investment.
2. What do we know about the McDonald’s campaign
A. The slogan is to be displayed in mid-May.
B. The government provides financial support.
C. McDonald’s doubles its efforts for public health.
D. McDonald’s assists people in making appointments.
3. What can be inferred about the vaccination rate
A. Employers can play a vital part.
B. Government efforts were in vain.
C. People’s busy work slows it down.
D. Next month will witness an increase.
4. Where is the text probably taken from
A. A government document.
B. An advertisement.
C. A tourist brochure.
D. A newspaper.
Part 3题目解析
体裁：新闻报道 主题：人与社会
【语篇导读】美国餐饮公司麦当劳为了帮助政府推进新冠疫苗的接种工作，重新设计了它的咖啡杯。
1.C
【命题意图】考查细节理解。
【解题思路】根据文章第一段的内容和第二段“Beginning in July, customers in the United States will see redesigned McCafe cups and delivery seal stickers that features‘We Can Do This’, a slogan created by the US Department of Health and Human Services to promote vaccine confidence. ”可知，麦当劳重新设计它的咖啡杯是为了鼓励人们去接种疫苗。故选C。
2. C
【命题意图】考查细节理解。
【解题思路】根据文章第三段的内容可知，麦当劳的这一宣传活动将持续数周,标语将印在大约5000万个杯子上，并且在此之前，其还从5月中旬开始在纽约时代广场的广告牌上展示疫苗信息。由此可知，为了公众的健康,麦当劳非常努力。故选C。根据第三段中的“Prior to that, McDonald's said its billboard in New York's Times Square location will also display vaccine information beginning in mid-May.” 可知，A项错误；根据第四段内容可知B项错误；D项在文中没有提及，属于无中生有。
3.A
【命题意图】考查推理判断。
【解题思路】根据文章倒数第二段中的“In a Kaiser Family Foundation survey, 47% of people who say they want to ‘wait and see’before being vaccinated said paid time off to get it would make them more likely to do so, and 39% said a financial allowance of $ 200 from their employer would work.”可知，如果老板能够给员工安排带薪假期去接种疫苗或者给员工200美元的津贴，员工们会更愿意接种疫苗。故选A。
4.D
【命题意图】考查文章出处。
【解题思路】本文介绍的是美国餐饮公司麦当劳为了帮助政府推动新冠疫苗的接种工作，重新设计了它的咖啡杯。所以本文应该是一篇新闻报道。故选D。
技巧点拨
长难句分析。In a Kaiser Family Foundation survey, 47% of people who say they want to ‘wait and see’before being vaccinated said paid time off to get it would make them more likely to do so, and 39% said a financial allowance of $ 200 from their employer would work.本句是一个主从复合句。who引导的定语从句修饰先行词47% of people，who在从句中作主语；said后是一个省略了that的宾语从句。
词汇积累
potential 潜在的
hesitant 犹豫的
financial 财务
阅读理解3
Part1外刊原文
The Incredible Shrinking And Growing Brains Of Indian Jumping Ants
选自 NPR
New research on ants has shown a first in insects: the ability to shrink and then regrow their brains in a big way.
It relates to how these particular ants, called Harpegnathos saltator, or the Indian jumping ant, reproduce.
"In most ants, the queen is the only member of the colony that lays eggs," says Clint Penick, an assistant professor of biology at Kennesaw State University in Georgia. "The workers just do all of the hunting and take care of the babies and all of the chores in the colony. But the queen is the only one who reproduces. And when she dies, the colony dies."
Not so for this type of ant, native to India. Their worker ants have the ability to mate and reproduce. So when the Indian jumping ant queen dies, "it actually triggers a dominance tournament. And they'll fight each other over a month to decide who's going to be the next ant to replace the queen."
(These are all females we're talking about. The males really aren't involved in anything here except mating and dying.)
The queen doesn't have an exact replacement. A handful of tournament winners — called "gamergates" — all assume queen-like duties of laying eggs.
Penick and his colleagues found that when the ants take on the role of gamergate, their brains shrink by 19% on average. The shrinkage likely happens so that they can save energy to focus on producing eggs. Hormones trigger additional changes in the ants, including larger ovaries, less venom production and much longer lifespans.
The fact that the ants' brains shrink to reproduce wasn't new.
"But what we didn't know was if they had the capacity to regrow them back to their previous size," Penick tells NPR's Lulu Garcia-Navarro on Weekend Edition. "The typical wisdom is that once you lose brain cells, they don't come back."
Penick and other scientists plucked these gamergates away from their colonies for a few weeks. The thinking was that the lack of social interaction and care would make them revert back to their previous worker status.
It worked. After several weeks, the ex-gamergates were back to being lowly workers — with their bigger brains regrown.
"When we started the study, we didn't know if any insect was actually capable of this," Penick says.
"We are now starting to find that there are animal species that are capable of shrinking their brain and then regrowing them, even humans to some degree, but not nearly on the scale to what we see here."
Still, there are potential implications for humans.
"It tells us that brains are a lot more plastic and have a lot more abilities to change back and forth between their size than we knew," Penick says. "And ants, their brains have some shared traits with humans, believe it or not. So now we're looking at digging into some of the genetic and other neural mechanisms that are underlying these brain changes."
Part 2命题改编
New research on ants has firstly shown that insects have the ability to shrink and then regrow their brains. It relates to how these particular ants, called the Indian jumping ant, reproduce.
“In most ants, the queen is the only member of the colony（种群）that lays eggs. When she dies, the colony dies. The workers just do the hunting and take care of the babies and the chores.” says Clint Penick, a professor of biology at Kennesaw State University in Georgia. But this is not true for Indian jumping ants. Their worker ants have the ability to mate and reproduce. So when the queen dies, a dominance tournament starts. They’ll fight each other over a month to decide who’s going to be the next queen.
The queen doesn’t have an exact replacement. Tournament winners—called “gamergates” —all assume queen-like duties of laying eggs. The study found that when the ants take on the role of gamergates, their brains reduce its size by 19% on average, so that they can save energy to focus on producing eggs. The fact that the ants’ brains shrink to reproduce wasn’t new. But what scientists didn’t know was if they had the ability to regrow them back.
Penick’s team separated gamergates from their colonies for a few weeks. The thinking was that the lack of social interaction and care would make them return to their previous status. It worked. After several weeks, the ex-gamergates were back to being low-class workers—with their bigger brains regrown. “We are now starting to find that there are animal species that are capable of shrinking their brains and then regrowing them, even humans to some degree.“ Penick says.
There are still potential suggestions for humans. According to Penick, the brains are more flexible in size than we knew. The brains of ants have some shared features with humans. So now scientists are looking at digging into the genetic and other neural mechanisms（神经机制）supporting these brain changes.
1. What is special about the Indian jumping ant colony
A. The worker ants fight with the queen.
B. The queen is the only one to lay eggs.
C. The colony continues when the queen dies.
D. The queen is devoted to looking after babies.
2. What can be inferred from Paragraph 3
A. Some ants won the competition of laying eggs.
B. Gamergates are not willing to regrow their brains.
C. Whether ants can regrow brains back wasn’t known before.
D. The downsizing of ants' brains was first found in the study.
3. How did Penick’ team enable the ants to regrow their brains
A. By taking good care of the ants.
B. By improving the ants’ social status.
C. By preventing the ants from laying eggs.
D. By keeping the ants from social contacts.
4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. The Special Queens of the Ant Colony
B. The Flexible Brain of Indian Jumping Ants
C. A Genetic Wonder: from Ants to Humans
D. A Shrinking Ant Brain: from a Worker to a Queen
Part 3题目解析
体裁：说明文 主题：人与自然
【语篇导读】科学家研究发现，印度跳蚁的大脑在萎缩后可以重新发育生长。科学家正在研究这种大脑的改变背后的遗传和神经机制。
1.C
【命题意图】考查细节理解。
【解题思路】根据第二段中的“In most ants, the queen is the only member of the colony （种群）that lays eggs. When she dies, the colony dies.”和“But this is not true for Indian jumping ants. Their worker ants have the ability to mate and reproduce.” 可知，在印度跳蚁种群中，即使蚁后死了，种群也不会灭亡，因为工蚁也有交配和繁殖的能力。故选C。
2. C
【命题意图】考查推理判断。
【解题思路】根据第三段中的“The fact that the ants' brains shrink to reproduce wasn't new. But what scientists didn't know was if they had the ability to regrow them back.”可知，蚂蚁萎缩大脑以进行繁殖的事实并不新鲜。但科学家们不知道的是它们是否有能力让萎缩的大脑重新发育生长。故选C。
3.D
【命题意图】考查细节理解。
【解题思路】根据第四段中的“Penick’s team separated gamergates from their colonies for a few weeks. The thinking was that the lack of social interaction and care would make them return to their previous status. It worked. After several weeks, the ex-gamergates were back to being low-class workers—with their bigger brains regrown.”可知，通过将蚂蚁与它们的种群分开，即切断它们之间的社会联系，可以让蚂蚁萎缩的大脑重新生长。故选D。
4.B
【命题意图】考查主旨大意。
【解题思路】根据全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了印度跳蚁的大脑在萎缩后可以再生长这一科学研究发现，所以B项是本文的最佳标题。
技巧点拨
借助文章体裁解答标题归纳题。本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项新的研究发
现。这种文体的特点是开篇就会介绍文章的主旨大意。而明确主旨大意恰好是解答标题归纳题的关键。通读本文，特别是第一段的内容可知，本文主要是说印度跳蚁的大脑在萎缩后可以重新发育生长。所以文章的最佳标题应为The Flexible Brain of Indian Jumping Ant。选项中的flexible 高度概括了have the ability to shrink and then regrow their brains。
词汇积累
relate to 有关联；与......有关；理解
so that 因此；以便
capable of 能够
be focus on 关注，聚焦于
to some degree 在一定程度上
完形填空
Part1外刊原文
Kaleidoscope of the Heart: It's OK to be in the minority
选自The Mainichi
Have you ever wondered: "Am I in the majority or the minority "
I don't usually think about that kind of thing, but sometimes I wonder, "Might I be in the minority " For example, at a meeting at the university where I work, there are sometimes elections which I vote in; when I see the results, I often find out that I was the only one who voted for a particular option.
How do I feel when it happens I think, "I was right," but I also feel a little unsure, saying to myself, "So, is it wrong to be different from everyone else " Sometimes I think that had I known before voting that everyone would choose someone different to my choice, I might have changed my mind, thinking, "Well, I guess I'll do the same."
Recently, when I introduced a news story in my class and asked the students for their opinions, many of them expressed the same view. For the sake of clarity, let's say that the opinion was "Mr. A is right."
However, afterwards, when we all looked at the internet news page where readers can write comments on the article, most of the opinions there were that "Mr. A is not correct." Since it's the internet, the number of people was also very specific, and we could see that thousands wrote in with their views.
The faces of the students who had been saying "Mr. A is right" darkened. They must have started to lose confidence, thinking, "Oh, if there are so many people who disagree with me, then maybe my opinion is wrong." I encouraged them not to be distracted by the number, but to cherish the opinions that they thought were right.
That said, as I mentioned above, I also have the feeling that, as much as possible, I do not want to be in the minority. I can voice my opinion and vote to show "this is how I am" when I don't know whether it's a minority view, but I don't know what would happen if numbers clearly showed which opinion is more common, like in the comments section of this online article.
The internet is convenient, but the fact that people can visibly see that "this is what everyone's opinion is" sometimes makes it difficult for people with opposing views to speak out. How can I teach my students that they don't have to be in the majority, but should believe in themselves and say what they think To do that, I must first be able to believe it is OK to be in the minority. That's what I told myself.
Part 2命题改编
Recently, I introduced a news story in my class and asked the students for their opinions. Many of them 1 the view that “Mr. A is right”
However, afterwards, when they looked at the Internet news page where most 2 were that “Mr. A is not correct” and the number of people with 3 view was specific— thousands of people wrote in with their views, their faces 4 . I asked them how they felt when they found the 5 . Some said they began to feel 6 , thinking, “ if there are so many people disagree with me, then maybe my opinion is 7 .” I encouraged them not to be distracted by the 8 of people with different ideas, but to 9 the opinions that they thought were right.
That said, I also have the feeling that I do not want to be in the 10 . I can voice my opinion 11 when I don’t know whether it’s a minority view, but I don’t know what would happen if numbers clearly showed which opinion is more 12 .
The Internet is convenient, but the fact that people can 13 see that “this is what everyone’s opinion is” sometimes makes it 14 for people with opposing views to speak out. How can I teach my students to believe in themselves and say what they think To do that, I must first 15 them it is OK to be in the minority. That's what I believe.
1. A. discussed B. expressed C. provede D. explained
2. A. answers B. decisions C. updates D. comments
3. A. opposing B. sensible C. traditional D. positive
4. A. cleared B. glowed C. darkened D. softened
5. A. cause B. result C. response D. evidence
6. A. satisfied B. surprised C. unsure D. disappointed
7. A. valuable B. new C. unique D. wrong
8. A. number B. power C. fortune D. position
9. A. accept B. cherish C. explore D. promote
10. A. conflict B. opposite C. minority D. situation
11. A. confidently B. seriously C. politely D. independently
12. A. interesting B. practical C. common D. precious
13. A. frequently B. occasionally C. privately D. visibly
14. A. important B. difficult C. strange D. dangerous
15. A. inform B. promise C. warn D. convince
Part 3题目解析
体裁：夹叙夹议文 主题：人与自我——不惧成为少数派
【语篇导读】作者在课堂上让学生们表达对某个新闻报道的看法，当得知网上大多数人持与他们相反的意见时，学生们表现出不确定和自我怀疑。这一件事也引起了作者的自我反思，并认识到要坚持自己的观点，不受网络上大多数人的观点的影响的重要性。
1.B
【命题意图】考查动词。
【解题思路】根据上文可知，作者在询问学生对新闻报道的看法,所以此处是指学生们表达自己的观点。express意为“表达”，故选B。discuss“讨论”；prove “证明”；explain“解释”。
2. D
【命题意图】考查名词。
【解题思路】根据上文的asked the students for their opinions及Internet news page，可知，学生们在新闻网页上看到了其他人对该新闻报道的观点和评论，即“A先生不对”comment意为“评论”，故选D。answer“答案”；decision“决定”；update“最新消息”。
3.A
【命题意图】考查形容词。
【解题思路】根据上文可知大多数网友的观点是“Mr. A is not correct”，这
与作者的学生的观点“Mr. A is right” 截然相反。opposite意为“相反的”，故选A。sensible“明智的、理智的”；traditional“传统的”；positive“积极的”
4.C
【命题意图】考查动词。
【解题思路】根据上文可知，当看到大多数网友的观点与自己的观点相反时，学生们的心情必定是很复杂的，脸也就沉了下来。darken意为“（使）忧郁，生气，不快”；故选C。clear“移走、清除”；glow“发出暗淡的光”；soften“（使）态度缓和”。
5.B
【命题意图】考查名词。
【解题思路】根据语境可知，此处是指作者询问学生们看到网上大多数人与他们的观点相反这一“结果”时的感受。result广意为“结果”，故选B。cause“原因”；response“答复；反应”；evidence“证据”。
6.C
【命题意图】考查形容词。
【解题思路】根据下文的“if there are so many people disagree with me, then maybe my opinion is . ”可知,学生们对自己的观点产生了怀疑，也就对自己的想法
开始感到不确定。unsure意为“无把握、不确定、犹豫”，故选C。satisfied“满意的”；surprised“惊讶的”；disappointed“失望的”。
7.D
【命题意图】考查形容词。
【解题思路】根据上文可知，学生们开始自我怀疑，觉得如果这么多人与自
己的观点不一致，那么就有可能自己的观点是错的。wrong意为“错误的”，故选D。valuable“很有用的”；new“新的”；unique“独一无二的”。
8.A
【命题意图】考查名词。
【解题思路】根据上文的“the number of people with view was specific—thousands of people wrote in with their views”可知，学生们可以看到确切的持相反观点的人数，容易受到多数人意见的影响而对自己的观点产生怀疑，所以此处是指作者鼓励学生们不要让自己被持相反观点的人数分散了注意力。number意为“数量”，故选A。power“控制方、影响力”；fortune“运气”；position
“位置”。
9.B
【命题意图】考查动词。
【解题思路】根据空前的but可知。此处应与上文是转折关系，即作者鼓励学
生们不要让自己被持相反观点的人数分散了注意力，而要珍视自己认为正确的观点。cherish意为“珍视”，故选B。accept“接受”；explore“探素”；promote“促进”。
10.C
【命题意图】考查名词。
【解题思路】根据上下文内容可知,本文讨论的是作为持少数观点的群体该如何做，空处所在句是说当然，作者也不想成为少数群体中的一员。minority“少数：少数派、少数人”，故选C。空处与下文的when I don’t know whether it’s a minority view中的minority是原词复现。conflict“冲突”；opposite“对立面、反面”；situation“处境”。
11.A
【命题意图】考查副词。
【解题思路】根据上文作者的学生们在得知自己是持少数观点中的一员时表现出水的自我怀疑可知，此处是指作者在不清楚自己是否是少数派中的一员时，能不受影响并“自信地”发表自己的观点。confidently意为“自信地”，故选 A。seriously “认真地”；politely“礼貌地”；independently“独立地”。
12.C
【命题意图】考查形容词。
【解题思路】根据上文及上文中的转折连词but可知，作者在不清楚自己是否是少数派中的一员时，能不受影响，但是如果看到更多的人与自己的观点不同时，自己可能会变得不确定，也就是会受到更常见观点的影响。common意为“常见的”，故选C。interesting“有趣的”；practical“实际的”；precious“珍贵的”。
13.D
【命题意图】考查副词。
【解题思路】根据上文的“The number of people with view was specific—thousands of people wrote in with their views和下文的see that ‘this is what everyone’s opinion is”可知，人们可以在网上“清楚地”看到其他人的观点。visibly意为“易察觉地；明显地”，故选D。frequently“频繁地、经常地”；
occasionally“偶然、偶尔、有时候”；privately“私下地”。
14.B
【命题意图】考查形容词。
【解题思路】根据上文可知当人们看到其他人都持一致的观点时，若自己持相反的看法，表达自己的想法就会变得困难。difficult意为“困难的”，故选B。important
“重要的”；strange“奇怪的”；dangerous“危险的”。
15.D
【命题意图】考查动词。
【解题思路】根据上文的How can I teach my students to believe in themselves和下文的it is OK to be in the minority 可知，为了让学生们相信自己并且坚持自己的观点，作者最先应该去做的是使他们相信，即使是少数派也没关系。Convince意为“使确信;使相信”故选D。inform“通知”；promise“承诺”；warn“警告”。
技巧点拨
长难句分析。Although the tool only maps one neighborhood of Barcelona, it is hoped the research will provide information on how the city can adapt to extreme heat to protect its citizens and economy.本句是一个主从复合句。Although引导让步状语从句；how 引导宾语从句。句意：尽管该工具仅绘制了巴寒罗那的一个街区的地图，但希望这项研究将提供有关该城市如何适应极端高温天气以保护其市民和经济的信息。
词汇积累
comment 议论、评论、
result 后果、结果、
power 影响力、能力
conflict 冲突、矛盾
promise 承诺
warn 警告、告诚