初中英语总复习-首字母填空解题技巧课件（共35张PPT）

(共35张PPT)
首字母填空
解题技巧
制作：Henry
一、首字母型完形填空与完形填空四选一的区别
首字母型完形填空在难度上比完形填空四选一要难，
因为首字母型完形填空没有选项，学生只能根据语
篇的意思和所给首字母填词。学生不仅要能够猜出
该词，同时还要会用单词的正确形式拼写，这就考
查了学生的单词拼写能力和对语篇的理解能力。
二、2005-2010年上海市英语首字母型完形填空所考词汇类型
名词 动词 形容词 副词 代词 连词 数词 感叹词
05（7） √ √ √ √√ √ √
06（16） √√ √√ √√ √ √
07（14） √√√ √√ √ √
08（14） √√ √√ √√ √
09（14） √√√ √√ √ √
10（14） √ √√ √√ √√
三、同学们平时做题的一些误区
1)不通读全文，急于写答案
2)不注意分析句子结构
3)固定搭配掌握不熟练
4)只顾词意不顾词形
四、首字母型完形填空阶梯训练五步法
一、掌握句子成分与词性之间的对应关系。
二、多做 “用所给单词的正确形式填空”， 熟练掌握词性转化的技巧。
三、锻炼自己的发散和归纳思维的能力，或称为“猜谜”的能力。
四、对词性、词义、词形的精确判断阶段，即综合运用阶段。
五、熟能生巧。
Step 1：掌握七种句子成分与十种词性之间的对应关系
对主语的判断
H_______ is more important to me than money.
2. Some famous s_______ are going to give lectures in our university in August.
3. F_______ is my favorite sport.
4. C_______ stamps is my hobby.
ealth
cientists
ishing
通过对单一成分的分类练习，掌握该句子成分
与何种词性相对应。词性正确是答案正确的前提。
ollecting
Step 1：掌握七种句子成分与十种词性之间的对应关系
解析：以上练习中，所填的词均为句子的主语。
主语是动作的发出者，词性主要为名词
与代词（1-３）；动词不能直接用作主语，
必须转化成其对应的名词或动名词（４-５）。
此外，形容词前加the以及带连词的句子也可作主语。
例如：
The rich are not always happy. 句中the rich 指“有钱人”，
因此可以作主语。
What I wanted was just your help. 句中What I wanted是what
引导的名词性从句，因此也可以作主语。
对主语的判断
(2) 对谓语的判断
John was standing on the step of a house. An old woman c_____ over to him. “My boy,” she a____, “Is your father at home ” “Yes,” a_______ John. The woman b_____ ringing the bell. She rang and rang, but there was no answer. At last she t_____ back to John and s____ angrily, “Didn’t you s____ that your father was at home ” “I did”, answered John, “but this i____ my house.”
ame
sked
nswered
egan
urned
aid
ay
sn’t
Step 1：掌握七种句子成分与十种词性之间的对应关系
解析：语篇中的所缺词均为谓语动词。谓语是句子所表示的动作，词性
只能是动词，而且在句子中不能缺。当一个主谓结构中同时出现两个或
两个以上动词时，还要判断他们之间的相互关系，对谓语动词或非谓语
动词的判断只有在熟练掌握相关知识的基础上，才能做出正确的判断。
平时练习和周练中，我经常让学生做些“用动词的适当形式填空练习”，
有助于对动词形式的判断。
(3) 对宾语的判断
1. Mr. Chen was surprised to see the fast __________ in Shanghai after his long absence from the city.
2. The front is in great need of medical w_______.
3. Thank you for your k__________.
4. At last he sold his i____________.
evelopment
indness
d
Step 1：掌握七种句子成分与十种词性之间的对应关系
orkers
nvention (s)
解析：宾语是动作的承受者，分动词宾语与介词宾语两种。
宾语的词性和主语的词性一样，但是如果代词作宾语时，
就必须用其宾格。
(4) 对表语的判断
It is i _________ for an ordinary plane to fly to the moon.
2. The sick man is getting w_____ .
3. Patrick is going to be a(n) e _______ when he grows up.
4. Such cold weather is quite u _______ in June and people
have to wear warm clothes again.
5. It’s a p _______ to have a picnic with all the members.
mpossible
orse
Step 1：掌握七种句子成分与十种词性之间的对应关系
ngineer
nusual
leasure
解析：表语是连系动词后接的成分。词性主要为形容词，
名词，介词短语。如果是动词的适当形式作表语，动词
必须改成to do，doing或done的形式。
(5) 对定语的判断
1. The f _______ exams usually take place at the end of June.
2. On a c _____ night, you can see thousands of stars in the sky.
3. In h_______ weather, the old had better stay at home.
4. The French artist said, “It is my s_______ time to visit
Shanghai. I love this city so much.”
5. Most people don’t like f _______ food.
6. Who is your c _______ teacher
inal
lear
Step 1：掌握七种句子成分与十种词性之间的对应关系
ot
econd
rozen
hemistry
解析: 定语是修饰名词与代词的成分。词性以形容词，序数词，
介词短语为主。名词修饰名词说明后面名词的性能或用途。
如：stamp show / physics teacher。如果是动词的适当形式作
定语，动词必须改成to do，doing或done 的形式。
(6) 对状语的判断
1. The old lady could hardly believe that she had got the travel pass to Hong Kong so e ______.
2. Watch c ______ , and you will find the difference between the two pictures.
3. After flying in the storm for nearly one hour, the helicopter landed s _______ at last.
asily
arefully
Step 1：掌握七种句子成分与十种词性之间的对应关系
afely
解析：状语是说明动作发生的时间，地点，原因，方式，
目的，结果，条件和伴随情况的成分。词性以副词为主，
也可以是介词短语。如果是动词的适当形式作状语，动词
必须改成 to do，doing或done的形式。
(7) 对连词的判断
1. Work harder, _______ you’ll make great progress in English.
2. My job is to protect the innocent _______ find the guilty.
3. _______ you _______ he can go to the cinema, but you cannot go together because I have only one ticket.
4. Can you tell me _______ you are from
5. I’ll give you a call _______ I get to Japan.
Step 1：掌握七种句子成分与十种词性之间的对应关系
分析：在英语中，并列连词and， but，or， so ，
not only … but also， either … or， neither … nor，
as well as，both … and等连接并列的词、词组和句子；
而从属连词则连接主句与从句。
and
as well as
Either
or
where
as soon as
Step 2：
多做综合的“用所给单词的正确形式填空”
Step 3：锻炼自己的发散和归纳思维的能力，
或称为“猜 谜”的能力
Exercises : Guess the missing words.
1. ________ are helpful to students. 2. ________ are helpful to students. They give them knowledge. 3. ________ are helpful to students. In class they teach them knowledge and after class they care for them like parents. 4. ________ are helpful to students. They keep them healthy.
Books
Doctors
Teachers
Books
Step 3：锻炼自己的发散和归纳思维的能力，
或称为“猜 谜”的能力
解析：按顺序做你会不假思索地得出答案，
1- 4均为Teachers，全部解完后再思考，似乎
第一题答案不仅仅只有Teachers。按判断主语的结论，
凡名词，只要合乎逻辑，都可作为第一题的答案，你会发现
Books也可，继而得出结论：一切有益于学生的复数名词均为
正确答案，如：Exercises、Doctors、Police、Parents…。
第二题受后一句knowledge的限制，答案要少一些，
如：Teachers、Books，第三题限制更多，
从“care for”判断主语只能是人，即: Teachers。
第四题受healthy的限制，最好填Doctors / Nurses。
Step 3：锻炼自己的发散和归纳思维的能力，
或称为“猜 谜”的能力
以上练习说明解完形填空需要如下技能：
对所缺词的句子成分必须做出精确判断，
然后填入正确的词性，即必须熟练掌握句子成分与词性的
对应关系。
2. 必须训练自己扩散性思维能力，如同猜谜，因为词义的
确定依靠着对句中限制性信息的判断得出。
3. 良好的语法基本功。在确定完词性与词义后，
名词单复数、形容词的比较等级和动词时态的
确定等等建立在良好的语法基本功之上。
Step4：对词性、词义、词形的精确判断阶段，
即综合运用阶段
一、跳过空格，通读全文，掌握大意
二、瞻前顾后，先易后难，各个击破
三、复读全文，逐个核对，验证答案
Mr. Wu is getting old. He is l_______ the school soon. The s_______ in his class have given h______ a lot of p_______. Among t______ are cards, note-books, photos and books. Most of the cards are m______ by the students themselves.
Photos will h_____ Mr. Wu remember the happy time when he was with his students. Next week, t________ will have a party to s ______ goodbye to him.
eaving
tudents
im
resents
hem
ade
elp
hey
ay
Step4：对词性、词义、词形的精确判断阶段，
即综合运用阶段
Step4：对词性、词义、词形的精确判断阶段，
即综合运用阶段
解析：通读短文以后发现Mr. Wu 是一位老师。
从old 可推断他不久要退休了，所以“l_______”
应为谓语动词 leaving；“s_______”是第三句的主语,
结合 in his class 判断为 students；“h_______”是give 的宾语,
判断为him；“p_______”的内容是 cards，note-books …，
所以判断为名词presents； “t_______” 是介词among 的宾语，
应为them； “m_______”处于be done by 的结构中，应为过去
分词made；“h_______”位于情态动词will 之后， 应为动词原
形help；“t_______” 是remember 的宾语，并且受到happy 的修
饰应为 time；“t_______”是主语， 名词或代词 teachers / they；
“p_______”是have的宾语， 前面有冠词，所以是名词party；
“s_______”前有 to，分析成分为目的状语 to do 即 to say。
Step 5：熟能生巧阶段。自己动手试试下面的练习：
Having Fun “Growing” and “Stealing”
Recently, an internet game has become a new fashion among young office
workers and students. People can “farm” on a piece of “l 1 ” and “grow”, “sell” or
even “s 2 ” “vegetables”, “flowers” and “fruits” on the Net. They can earn some
e-money and buy more “seeds”,“pets” and e 3 “houses”.
Joyce interviewed some young people. Here are their opinions.
Harold: I don’t quite understand why they are so mad about the childish game.
Maybe they are just not confident enough t 4 face the real world.
Allan: I enjoy putting some “bugs” in my friends’ gardens and we’ve become
closer b 5 of the game. Having fun together is the most exciting thing about it.
Laura: You know, people in the c 6 are longing for the life in the countryside.
It reduces my work pressure; besides, it gives me the exciting experience of being
a “thief”.
Ivy: Well, it’s just a waste of time. Teenagers playing the game spend so many
hours on it that they can not f 7 on their study.
1. _______ 2. _______ 3. _______4. _______ 5. _______ 6. _______ 7. _______
land
steal
even
to
because
city
focus
Step 5：熟能生巧阶段。自己动手试试下面的练习：
解析：文章报道了时下流行的网上种、卖、
偷菜游戏及人们的看法。
farm此处为动词意为“耕种”，根据常识我们可以推测出是在
土地上耕种，所以此处应该填land。
2. 结合标题“ Having Fun“Growing” and “Stealing” ” 及生活知识，
推知此处为：
种、卖或“偷”菜、花和水果。
3. 他们可以挣网币买更多的种子、宠物、“甚至”房子。递进关系。
4. 形容词 + enough to + 动词原形，意为：足够…；以至于能够 …。
5. because of + 名词，意为：因为 …。
6. 与countryside相对，用city。此处意为：城市人向往乡村生活。
7. focus on sth集中精力于某事。
五、实践演练
（1）
(2008年中考英语试卷 首字母型完形填空)
Some people might choose to live in a sleepy village beside woods and
lakes, but others enjoy the bright lights and fast pace of the big city. Stephen and
Marianna have got different stories.
Hi! My name is Stephen and I live in a small flat in London. I chose to
live here because there is never a b 97 moment in a city like London. I’m an art
student and the busy life in a city does good to my painting. In addition, I can get
everything I need so close at hand. Living beside the underground station means
that I don’t need a car to get around. It s 98 me money. Also there are malls,
cinemas, libraries and museums everywhere.
Of course, London, like any large city, has p 99 , too. Londoners don’t
chat on the underground or the bus and there is much less community spirit than in
the country, where my parents live. In fact, they don’t understand how I can put up
with(忍受) the noise and pollution, and traffic jams. However, I see that as a small
price to p 100 . As a famous saying goes, “He who is tired of London is tired of life.”
五、实践演练
（1）
Hello! My name is Marianna and I live in Australia,
on a huge ranch(牧场). It’s a beautiful area with wonderful scenery. I live here with
my husband Joe and our t 101 children. Patrick, 11, and Abby, 8. We have lived on
this ranch for several years and we love our healthy lifestyle. The children have lots
of s 102 to run around and enjoy the peace and quiet. The air is clean and fresh. We
produce a lot of our own food which is nice and healthy. There’s lots of hard work
to do running a ranch, but we don’t mind.
Of course, country life also has weak points. We feel isolated(孤立的)
sometimes, too, especially since the n 103 neighbours are almost 100 km away.
One more trouble is that we can’t get many things as easily as we do in the city.
There are no schools, supermarkets or shops. And if we are ill we have to call the
flying doctor. Although life here can be difficult, we wouldn’t change it for the world.
答案：97. boring 98. saves 99. problems 100. pay 101. two
102. space 103. nearest
五、实践演练
（1）
解析：
97. 斯蒂芬首先交代了自己选择住在伦敦的小公寓里，这是因为他感到在伦敦
这样的大城市里从来没有乏味的时刻。首字母是b，提示可用boring，修饰
后面的名词moment，符合语法规则。所以，本题答案为boring。
98. 作者陈述了选择生活方式的理由，其中之一是住在地铁站旁意味着无需买
车，那样可以节省钱，这里首字母是s，是一个谓语动词，考虑用save，而且
主语是第三人称单数it， 动词后要加s。所以，本题答案为saves。
99. 文章的第二段阐述了在伦敦生活所存在的问题，就像生活在世界上其他大
城市一样，根据提示，首字母p已给，这里是一个宾语位置，可用名词
problem，而problem是可数名词，词尾需加s。所以，本题答案为problems。
100. 作者谈到了某些城市生活的烦恼，但他把这看作是一笔小的代价而已，
城市生活还是那么地丰富多彩，此首字母为p，在不定式to后，提示是一个
动词，结构上与前面的price构成动宾关系，即pay the price，所以答案为pay。
五、实践演练
（1）
解析：
101. 玛丽安娜居住在澳大利亚的牧场，她和丈夫以及孩子一起生活，根据题
意，她有两个孩子“Patrick, 11, and Abby, 8”，首字母给的是t，提示是一个数
词。所以，本题答案为two。
102. 文章内容说在牧场孩子们有许多空间可以玩耍，能充分享受到宁静的快
乐，首字母为s，在lots of 后，提示可给一个名词，考虑用space，而space作
空间，一般用作不可数 名词。所以，本题答案为space。
103. 本文的第二段同样列举了乡村生活的不足之处，他们有时感到孤独，
尤其因为最近的邻居几乎是在100公里以外，首字母为n，前面又有定冠词the，
提示是一个形容词的最高级，根据题意，应填入nearest。所以，本题答案为
nearest。
五、实践演练
（2）
(2010年中考英语试卷 首字母型完形填空)
A survey has been published which shows that British people don’t like their
neighbours very much. 80% of the people who took part in the survey feel that their
neighbours h 92 pay attention to others’ feelings. 25% don’t talk to the people who
live next door and 10% don’t even know their names. In fact, one million people in
Britain would like to m 93 because they don’t get along well with their neighbours.
According to the survey, the b 94 problem is noise. Many of the
complaints about noise come from people who live in flats and old houses. These
places often have thin walls which can’t s 95 the noise from next door.
The other main problems are disagreements (不和) about car parking spaces,
and old people complaining about the young. Some disagreement last a 1 96 time.
In one case, people who live in the same building haven’t talked to each other for
fifteen years. Sometimes the disagreements end in violence. In one of the worst
cases, a man killed a neighbour because he kept parking in “his space”.
五、实践演练
（2）
Another survey shows that 90% of the neighbours
never share a meal, 80% have never had a drink t 97, and 20% have never even
spoken. However, when neighbours become each other’s f 98 , they are often
ready to offer help, as we can see in many parts of the world.
One solution to such problems is to talk about them with a professional
organization and if necessary, to sign a written agreement. Now people can get
this service in more and more towns.
答案：92. hardly 93. move 94. biggest 95. stop 96. long
97. together 98. friends
五、实践演练
（2）
解析：
92. 该空所缺成分应为状语，词性通常为副词，修饰谓
语“pay attention to”，由于前文提到英国人不喜欢他们的邻居，所以此处
应为含有否定意义的副词，很明显答案应该为hardly。
93. 由于上文提到英国人不喜欢他们的邻居，would like to 后常跟动词原
形，所以可以想到动词move，意为“迁移，移动”。
94. 该空可以根据下文的“The other main problems …”可以推断出噪音的
问题比此处提到的问题还大，上下文进行对比，且修饰名词常用形容词，
由横线前的the一词推知此处用最高级biggest。
stop sth from … 阻止某事的发生。由于墙体很薄，所以不能阻止来
自于隔壁的噪音。
96. 从下句“In one case, people who live in the same building haven’t talked
to each other for fifteen years.”在一个事件当中，住在同一座楼里的人15年
没有讲过话。所以，该空应该填long，意为持续了很长时间。
五、实践演练
（2）
解析：
97. 前句提到百分之九十的邻居没有在一起吃过饭，
与其相对应的就是百分之八十的邻居没有在一起喝过东西，
drink此处为名词，文中缺少状语，所以根据文意应该用together。
98. 根据“However”一词，可以推测出前后句意不同，
“they are often ready to offer help” 可以推测出邻居之间应该是和睦的。
each other’s其后要用名词复数形式，所以要用名词复数friends。
六. 家庭作业
（1）
Many people go to school for education. They learn
languages, history, maths and some other s 1 . Others go to
school to learn skills to m 2 a living. School education is very important and
useful. Yet, no one can learn everything from school. Even a very good teacher
can not teach everything they want to know. The teacher’s job is to show the
students how to l 3 . He teaches them how to read and how to think. So, many
things will be learnt o 4 school by the students themselves.
It is always more important to know how to study by oneself t 5 to
remember some formulas(公式). It is very easy to learn some formulas in maths,
but it is hard to use a formula in w 6 out a maths problem. Great scientists
didn’t get everything from school. Their teachers only showed them the w 7 .
1. _______ 2. _______ 3. _______ 4. _______ 5. _______
6. _______7. _______
subjects
make
learn
outside
than
working
way
六. 家庭作业
（1）
解析：文章论述了学校教育的教与学，作者认为“授之
以渔”比“授之以鱼”更重要，学生要“学以致用”。
1．上文有languages，history，maths推知此处为其他的“学科”，用复数。
2．make a living 谋生。句意：其他人上学获取谋生技能。
3．结合上文“Yet, no one can learn everything from school. Even a very good
teacher can not teach everything they want to know. ”及下文“He teaches them
how to read and how to think. ”推知此处为“教师的工作是教会学生如何学习”。
4．结合下文“by the students themselves. ”及上文信息，推知此处为“在校外”。
5．根据前文比较级“more important”，推出此处需要“than”。句意为：自学
比记公式更重要。
6．根据句意“用公式计算数学问题”，推知此处需要“work out”做出；算出。
前面为介词“in”，所以用 -ing形式。
7. 综合上文推知此处为“他们老师只是教给他们学习的方法”。way 方式，
手段。
六. 家庭作业
（2）
In the United States, children start school when they
are five years old. In some states they must stay in school u 1
they are sixteen. Most students are seventeen or eighteen years old when they
leave secondary schools. There are two kinds of schools in the United States:
public schools and private schools.
Most children go to public schools. Their parents do not have to p 2 for
their education because the schools r 3 money from the government. If a child
goes to the private school, his parents have to get enough money for his schooling.
Some parents still p 4 private schools, though they are much more expensive.
Today about half of the high students go o 5 to universities after they finish
the secondary school. A student at a state university does not have to pay very
much if his parents l 6 in that state.
But many students w 7 while they are studying at universities. In this way
they develop good working habits and live by their own hands.
1. _______ 2. _______ 3. _______ 4. _______ 5. _______
6. _______ 7. _______
until
pay
receive
prefer
on
live
work
六. 家庭作业
（2）
解析：文章介绍了美国的学校教育。
1. 结合上下文及首字母，推出此处是从5岁“直到16岁”。
2. 对比下文讨论钱的问题，结合首字母，判定此处为动词词组pay for sth。
3. 家长不用付学费是因为学校“从政府拿钱”，结合首字母，用receive。
4. 虽然很贵，但家长还是更“偏爱”私立学校。
5. 中学教育结束后，“继续”上大学。
6. 根据常识推理，该州的“长期居民”为该州做贡献，子女上学享受财政补
贴，因此不用付很多钱。
7. 根据下文“good working habits and live by their own hands.”推知此处为一
边上学一边“工作”。
Thank you!