2022届高考英语复习之概要写作课件（40张）
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| 名称 | 2022届高考英语复习之概要写作课件（40张） |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 7.5MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-03-31 16:08:38 | ||
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(共40张PPT)
Summary Writing
By the end of this period, you will be able to:
1. be clear about the steps of writing a summary;
2. know how to get the topic sentence;
3. write a summary by using some techniques.
《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语科考试说明》
概要写作：
提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。（满分25分）
评分标准 第五档（21-25分）
1. 理解准确，涵盖所有要点
2. 准确使用相应的语法结构和词
3. 有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，结构紧凑
4. 完全使用自己的语言
写作步骤
1. Read for topic and structure
2. Combine topic sentence and key words
3. Rewrite /paraphrase
1
Read for Topic and Structure
How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments-mostly for entertainment purposes-is fair and respectful
Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals. However, most zoos remain “collections” of interesting “things” rather than protective habitats. Zoos teach people that it is acceptable to keep animals bored, lonely, and far from their natural bones.
Zoos claim to educate people and save endangered species, but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the animals’natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty. Zoos keep animals in small spaces or cages, and most signs only mention the species’ name, diet, and natural range. The animals’ normal behavior is seldom noticed because zoos don’t usually take care of the animals’natural needs.
The animals are kept together in small spaces, with no privacy and little opportunity for mental and physical exercise. This results in unusual and self-destructive behavior called zoochosis. A worldwide study of zoos found that zoochosis is common among animals kept in small spaces or cages. Another study showed that elephants spend 22 percent of their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars, and bears spend 30 percent of their time walking back and forth, a sign of unhappiness and pain.
Furthermore, most animals in zoos are not endangered. Captive breeding of endangered big cats, Asian elephants, and other species has not resulted n their being sent back to the wild. Zoos talk a lot about their captive breeding programs because they do not want people to worry about a species dying out. In fact, baby animals also attract a lot of paying customers. Haven’t we seen enough competitions to name baby animals
Actually, we will save endangered species only if we save their habitats and put an end to the reasons people kill them. Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that work to protect animals’ natural habitats.
Read for Topic and Structure
2
Read for Topic Sentence and Key Words
How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments---mostly for entertainment purposes---is fair and respectful
①Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals. ②However, most zoos remain“collections”of interesting “things”rather than protective habitats. ③Zoos teach people that it is acceptable to keep animals bored, lonely, and far from their natural homes.
Read for Topic Sentences and Key Words
Para. 1 & 2
How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments---mostly for entertainment purposes---is fair and respectful
①Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals. ②However, most zoos remain“collections”of interesting “things”rather than protective habitats. ③Zoos teach people that it is acceptable to keep animals bored, lonely, and far from their natural homes.
Read for Topic Sentences and Key Words
Para. 1 & 2
提出问题
导入
动物园观点
事实说明
How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments---mostly for entertainment purposes---is fair and respectful
①Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals. ②However, most zoos remain“collections”of interesting “things”rather than protective habitats. ③Zoos teach people that it is acceptable to keep animals bored, lonely, and far from their natural homes.
Read for Topic Sentences and Key Words
Para. 1 & 2
动物园观点
主题句
事实说明
How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments---mostly for entertainment purposes---is fair and respectful
①Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals. ②However, most zoos remain“collections”of interesting
“things”rather than protective habitats. ③Zoos teach people that it is acceptable to keep animals bored, lonely, and far from their natural homes.
Read for Topic Sentences and Key Words
Para. 1 & 2
作者观点
Keeping animals .............................................. is unfair
because
①Zoos claim to educate people and save endangered species, but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the animals' natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty. ②Zoos keep animals in small spaces or cages, and most signs only mention the species' name, diet, and natural range. ③The animals' normal behavior is seldom noticed because zoos don't usually take care of the animals' natural needs.
Read for Topic Sentences and Key Words
Para. 3
①Zoos claim to educate people and save endangered species, but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the animals' natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty. ②Zoos keep animals in small spaces or cages, and most signs only mention the species' name, diet, and natural range. ③The animals' normal behavior is seldom noticed because zoos don't usually take care of the animals' natural needs.
Read for Topic Sentences and Key Words
Para. 3
分析原因
①Zoos claim to educate people and save endangered species, but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the animals' natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty. ②Zoos keep animals in small spaces or cages, and most signs only mention the species' name, diet, and natural range. ③The animals' normal behavior is seldom noticed because zoos don't usually take care of the animals' natural needs.
Read for Topic Sentences and Key Words
Para. 3
主题句
①The animals are kept together in small spaces, with no privacy and little opportunity for mental and physical exercise. ②This results in unusual and self-destructive behavior called zoochosis. ③A worldwide study of zoos found that zoochosis is common among animals kept in small spaces or cages. ④Another study showed that elephants spend 22 percent of their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars, and bears spend 30 percent of their time walking back and forth, a sign of unhappiness and pain.
Read for Topic Sentences and Key Words
Para. 4
①The animals are kept together in small spaces, with no privacy and little opportunity for mental and physical exercise. ②This results in unusual and self-destructive behavior called zoochosis. ③A worldwide study of zoos found that zoochosis is common among animals kept in small spaces or cages. ④Another study showed that elephants spend 22 percent of their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars, and bears spend 30 percent of their time walking back and forth, a sign of unhappiness and pain.
Read for Topic Sentences and Key Words
Para. 4
事实论证
①The animals are kept together in small spaces, with no privacy and little opportunity for mental and physical exercise. ②This results in unusual and self-destructive behavior called zoochosis. ③A worldwide study of zoos found that zoochosis is common among animals kept in small spaces or cages. ④Another study showed that elephants spend 22 percent of their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars, and bears spend 30 percent of their time walking back and forth, a sign of unhappiness and pain.
Read for Topic Sentences and Key Words
Para. 4
事实论证
主题句
主题句的标志
1. 首段出现疑问句，对此问题的解答通常是主旨
2. 段落中出现转折，该句很可能是主题句
3. 具体实例之前通常是主旨
4. 下列词之后通常是主旨:
however, but, yet, anyhow, therefore, so, thus, all in all,
what's more, furthermore, actually, instead of ......
5. 下列词之前通常是主旨: for example, first, second ......
①Furthermore, most animals in zoos are not endangered. ②Captive breeding of endangered big cats, Asian elephants, and other species has not resulted in their being sent back to the wild. ③Zoos talk a lot about their captive breeding programs because they do not want people to worry about a species dying out. ④In fact, baby animals also attract a lot of paying customers. ⑤Haven't we seen enough competitions to name baby animals
Read for Topic Sentences and Key Words
Para. 5
主题句
补充解释
①Actually, we will save endangered species only if we save their habitats and put an end to the reasons people kill them. ②Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that work to protect animals' natural habitats.
Read for Topic Sentences and Key Words
Para. 6
主题句
How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments-mostly for entertainment purposes-is fair and respectful
Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals. However, most zoos remain “collections” of interesting “things” rather than protective habitats. Zoos teach people that it is acceptable to keep animals bored, lonely, and far from their natural bones.
Zoos claim to educate people and save endangered species, but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the animals' natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty. Zoos keep animals in small spaces or cages, and most signs only mention the species' name, diet, and natural range. The animals' normal behavior is seldom noticed because zoos don't usually take care of the animals’ natural needs.
The animals are kept together in small spaces, with no privacy and little opportunity for mental and physical exercise. This results in unusual and self-destructive behavior called zoochosis. A worldwide study of zoos found that zoochosis is common among animals kept in small spaces or cages. Another study showed that elephants spend 22 percent of their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars, and bears spend 30 percent of their time walking back and forth, a sign of unhappiness and pain.
Furthermore, most animals in zoos are not endangered. Captive breeding of endangered big cats, Asian elephants, and other species has not resulted n their being sent back to the wild. Zoos talk a lot about their captive breeding programs because they do not want people to worry about a species dying out. In fact, baby animals also attract a lot of paying customers. Haven’t we seen enough competitions to name baby animals
Actually, we will save endangered species only if we save their habitats and put an end to the reasons people kill them. Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that work to protect animals’ natural habitats.
Read for Topic Sentences and Key Words
however ......
but ......
......,
Furthermore ......
Instead of ......
How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments-mostly for entertainment purposes-is fair and respectful
Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals. However, most zoos remain “collections” of interesting “things” rather than protective habitats. Zoos teach people that it is acceptable to keep animals bored, lonely, and far from their natural bones.
Zoos claim to educate people and save endangered species, but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the animals’ natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty. Zoos keep animals in small spaces or cages, and most signs only mention the species’ name, diet, and natural range. The animals’ normal behavior is seldom noticed because zoos don’t usually take care of the animals’ natural needs.
The animals are kept together in small spaces, with no privacy and little opportunity for mental and physical exercise. This results in unusual and self-destructive behavior called zoochosis. A worldwide study of zoos found that zoochosis is common among animals kept in small spaces or cages. Another study showed that elephants spend 22 percent of their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars, and bears spend 30 percent of their time walking back and forth, a sign of unhappiness and pain.
Furthermore, most animals in zoos are not endangered. Captive breeding of endangered big cats, Asian elephants, and other species has not resulted n their being sent back to the wild. Zoos talk a lot about their captive breeding programs because they do not want people to worry about a species dying out. In fact, baby animals also attract a lot of paying customers. Haven’t we seen enough competitions to name baby animals
Actually, we will save endangered species only if we save their habitats and put an end to the reasons people kill them. Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that work to protect animals’ natural habitats.
Read for Topic and Structure
P 1
P 2
P 3
P 4
P 6
P 5
议论文写作模板
论点
论据
结论
3
Rewrite / Paraphrase
理解准确，涵盖所有要点
有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，结构紧凑
完全使用自己的语言
准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇
理解准确，涵盖所有要点
对应评分
标准
高度概况（找出主题句）
删除细节
同义替换
句式运用(非谓语动词，省略，主动与被动，倒装）
巧妙的衔接词
概要写作高分技能
词词替换：包括同义词、近义词、反义词
转换词性：指用同一个单词的不同形式，
词形不同，意思一样
短语与短语替换
同义替换
Para 1& 2. Keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments...is fair
and respectful .......most zoos remain “collections” of interesting
“things” rather than protective habitats.
Para 3. Visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful
about the animals' natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty.
Para 4. The animals are kept together in small spaces, ....... This results in
unusual and self-destructive behavior called zoochosis.
Para 5. Most animals in zoos are not endangered.
Para 6. Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that
work to protect animals' natural habitats.
词词替换---同义词、近义词、反义词
unfair
significant
abnormal
dying out
organizations
that
animals
disrespectful
Para 1& 2. Keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments...is fair
and respectful .......most zoos remain “collections” of interesting
“things” rather than protective habitats.
Para 3. Visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful
about the animals' natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty.
Para 4. The animals are kept together in small spaces, ....... This results in
unusual and self-destructive behavior called zoochosis.
Para 5. Most animals in zoos are not endangered.
Para 6. Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that
work to protect animals' natural habitats.
转换词性---词形不同，意思一样
unfair
significant
abnormal
dying out
organizations
that
collect
destroy
destruction
disrespectful
animals
do harm to
cause destruction/ damage to
damage / harm / hurt (vt.)
Para 1& 2. Keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments...is fair
and respectful .......most zoos remain “collections” of interesting
“things” rather than protective habitats.
Para 3. Visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful
about the animals' natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty.
Para 4. The animals are kept together in small spaces, ....... This results in
unusual and self-destructive behavior called zoochosis.
Para 5. Most animals in zoos are not endangered.
Para 6. Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that
work to protect animals' natural habitats.
短语与短语替换
unfair
significant
abnormal
dying out
organizations
that
collect
destroy
destruction
in zoos
They failed to learn something
cause
They destroy themselves.
They cause destruction/ damage to themselves.
animals
disrespectful
lead to
They do harm to themselves.
They haven't increased their knowledge
改变句子结构，运用不同的句式来表达与原句相同的句意。
常用的策略有：改变语态，简单句变复合句，
从句变分词，省略，倒装
句式运用
Para 1& 2. Keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments...is fair
and respectful .......most zoos remain “collections” of interesting
“things” rather than protective habitats.
P 3. Visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful
about the animals' natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty.
P 4. The animals are kept together in small spaces, ....... This results in
unusual and self-destructive behavior called zoochosis.
P 5. Most animals in zoos are not endangered.
P 6. Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that
work to protect animals' natural habitats.
Paraphrase --- 句式运用
unfair
abnormal
dying out
organizations
that
collect
in zoos
lead to
They destroy themselves.
animals
1. because most zoos only collect
interesting animals but don't protect them.
2. animals in zoos because most zoos only collect
interesting animals but don't protect them.
disrespectful
it 作形式主语
doing 作主语
Keeping animals in zoos is unfair
It is unfair to keep
Para 3. Visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful
about the animals' natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty.
Para 4. The animals are kept together in small spaces, ....... This results in
unusual and self-destructive behavior called zoochosis.
Para 5. Most animals in zoos are not endangered.
Para 6. Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that
work to protect animals' natural habitats.
Paraphrase --- 句式运用
significant
abnormal
dying out
organizations
that
destroy
destruction
They failed to learn something
lead to
They destroy themselves.
They cause destruction/ damage to themselves.
Para 3. Visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful
about the animals' natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty.
Paraphrase --- 句式运用
They failed to learn something
1. , they failed to learn something significant
about animals and animal protection.
2. , visitors haven't increased their knowledge of animals
and animal protection.
运用时间状语从句
运用分词
significant
When visitors leave zoos
When leaving zoos
Para 4. The animals are kept together in small spaces, ....... This results in
unusual and self-destructive behavior called zoochosis.
Paraphrase --- 句式运用
abnormal
lead to
They destroy themselves.
They cause destruction/ damage to themselves.
1. The animals are kept in ______ small crowded spaces ______ they even
abnormally hurt themselves.
2. _________________________, animals even abnormally hurt themselves.
3. Abnormally, self-destruction __________ to animals kept in zoos.
合并为复合句
运用分词作状语
运用被动语态
such
that
Kept in small crowded spaces
is caused
Para 5. Most animals in zoos are not endangered.
Para 6. Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that
work to protect animals' natural habitats.
Paraphrase --- 句式运用
dying out
organizations
that
Most animals _______ in zoos are not those___________.
We should support organization ____________ animals' natural habitats
instead of supporting zoos.
分词作定语
分词作定语
kept
dying out
protecting
4
Connect and Polish
It is unfair to keep animals in zoos because most zoos only collect interesting animals but don't protect them. (要点1) Firstly, visitors, when leaving zoos, haven't increased their knowledge of animals and animal protection.(要点2) Secondly, kept in small crowded spaces, animals even abnormally hurt themselves. (要点3) And thirdly, most animals kept in zoos are not those dying out. (要点4) So we should support groups protecting animals' natural habitats instead of supporting zoos. (要点5)
One Possible Version
What have we learned
1. the steps of writing a summary;
2. how to get the topic sentence;
3. some techniques that can be used in writing a summary.
Video Time
Thank you!
Summary Writing
By the end of this period, you will be able to:
1. be clear about the steps of writing a summary;
2. know how to get the topic sentence;
3. write a summary by using some techniques.
《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语科考试说明》
概要写作：
提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。（满分25分）
评分标准 第五档（21-25分）
1. 理解准确，涵盖所有要点
2. 准确使用相应的语法结构和词
3. 有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，结构紧凑
4. 完全使用自己的语言
写作步骤
1. Read for topic and structure
2. Combine topic sentence and key words
3. Rewrite /paraphrase
1
Read for Topic and Structure
How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments-mostly for entertainment purposes-is fair and respectful
Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals. However, most zoos remain “collections” of interesting “things” rather than protective habitats. Zoos teach people that it is acceptable to keep animals bored, lonely, and far from their natural bones.
Zoos claim to educate people and save endangered species, but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the animals’natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty. Zoos keep animals in small spaces or cages, and most signs only mention the species’ name, diet, and natural range. The animals’ normal behavior is seldom noticed because zoos don’t usually take care of the animals’natural needs.
The animals are kept together in small spaces, with no privacy and little opportunity for mental and physical exercise. This results in unusual and self-destructive behavior called zoochosis. A worldwide study of zoos found that zoochosis is common among animals kept in small spaces or cages. Another study showed that elephants spend 22 percent of their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars, and bears spend 30 percent of their time walking back and forth, a sign of unhappiness and pain.
Furthermore, most animals in zoos are not endangered. Captive breeding of endangered big cats, Asian elephants, and other species has not resulted n their being sent back to the wild. Zoos talk a lot about their captive breeding programs because they do not want people to worry about a species dying out. In fact, baby animals also attract a lot of paying customers. Haven’t we seen enough competitions to name baby animals
Actually, we will save endangered species only if we save their habitats and put an end to the reasons people kill them. Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that work to protect animals’ natural habitats.
Read for Topic and Structure
2
Read for Topic Sentence and Key Words
How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments---mostly for entertainment purposes---is fair and respectful
①Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals. ②However, most zoos remain“collections”of interesting “things”rather than protective habitats. ③Zoos teach people that it is acceptable to keep animals bored, lonely, and far from their natural homes.
Read for Topic Sentences and Key Words
Para. 1 & 2
How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments---mostly for entertainment purposes---is fair and respectful
①Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals. ②However, most zoos remain“collections”of interesting “things”rather than protective habitats. ③Zoos teach people that it is acceptable to keep animals bored, lonely, and far from their natural homes.
Read for Topic Sentences and Key Words
Para. 1 & 2
提出问题
导入
动物园观点
事实说明
How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments---mostly for entertainment purposes---is fair and respectful
①Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals. ②However, most zoos remain“collections”of interesting “things”rather than protective habitats. ③Zoos teach people that it is acceptable to keep animals bored, lonely, and far from their natural homes.
Read for Topic Sentences and Key Words
Para. 1 & 2
动物园观点
主题句
事实说明
How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments---mostly for entertainment purposes---is fair and respectful
①Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals. ②However, most zoos remain“collections”of interesting
“things”rather than protective habitats. ③Zoos teach people that it is acceptable to keep animals bored, lonely, and far from their natural homes.
Read for Topic Sentences and Key Words
Para. 1 & 2
作者观点
Keeping animals .............................................. is unfair
because
①Zoos claim to educate people and save endangered species, but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the animals' natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty. ②Zoos keep animals in small spaces or cages, and most signs only mention the species' name, diet, and natural range. ③The animals' normal behavior is seldom noticed because zoos don't usually take care of the animals' natural needs.
Read for Topic Sentences and Key Words
Para. 3
①Zoos claim to educate people and save endangered species, but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the animals' natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty. ②Zoos keep animals in small spaces or cages, and most signs only mention the species' name, diet, and natural range. ③The animals' normal behavior is seldom noticed because zoos don't usually take care of the animals' natural needs.
Read for Topic Sentences and Key Words
Para. 3
分析原因
①Zoos claim to educate people and save endangered species, but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the animals' natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty. ②Zoos keep animals in small spaces or cages, and most signs only mention the species' name, diet, and natural range. ③The animals' normal behavior is seldom noticed because zoos don't usually take care of the animals' natural needs.
Read for Topic Sentences and Key Words
Para. 3
主题句
①The animals are kept together in small spaces, with no privacy and little opportunity for mental and physical exercise. ②This results in unusual and self-destructive behavior called zoochosis. ③A worldwide study of zoos found that zoochosis is common among animals kept in small spaces or cages. ④Another study showed that elephants spend 22 percent of their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars, and bears spend 30 percent of their time walking back and forth, a sign of unhappiness and pain.
Read for Topic Sentences and Key Words
Para. 4
①The animals are kept together in small spaces, with no privacy and little opportunity for mental and physical exercise. ②This results in unusual and self-destructive behavior called zoochosis. ③A worldwide study of zoos found that zoochosis is common among animals kept in small spaces or cages. ④Another study showed that elephants spend 22 percent of their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars, and bears spend 30 percent of their time walking back and forth, a sign of unhappiness and pain.
Read for Topic Sentences and Key Words
Para. 4
事实论证
①The animals are kept together in small spaces, with no privacy and little opportunity for mental and physical exercise. ②This results in unusual and self-destructive behavior called zoochosis. ③A worldwide study of zoos found that zoochosis is common among animals kept in small spaces or cages. ④Another study showed that elephants spend 22 percent of their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars, and bears spend 30 percent of their time walking back and forth, a sign of unhappiness and pain.
Read for Topic Sentences and Key Words
Para. 4
事实论证
主题句
主题句的标志
1. 首段出现疑问句，对此问题的解答通常是主旨
2. 段落中出现转折，该句很可能是主题句
3. 具体实例之前通常是主旨
4. 下列词之后通常是主旨:
however, but, yet, anyhow, therefore, so, thus, all in all,
what's more, furthermore, actually, instead of ......
5. 下列词之前通常是主旨: for example, first, second ......
①Furthermore, most animals in zoos are not endangered. ②Captive breeding of endangered big cats, Asian elephants, and other species has not resulted in their being sent back to the wild. ③Zoos talk a lot about their captive breeding programs because they do not want people to worry about a species dying out. ④In fact, baby animals also attract a lot of paying customers. ⑤Haven't we seen enough competitions to name baby animals
Read for Topic Sentences and Key Words
Para. 5
主题句
补充解释
①Actually, we will save endangered species only if we save their habitats and put an end to the reasons people kill them. ②Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that work to protect animals' natural habitats.
Read for Topic Sentences and Key Words
Para. 6
主题句
How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments-mostly for entertainment purposes-is fair and respectful
Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals. However, most zoos remain “collections” of interesting “things” rather than protective habitats. Zoos teach people that it is acceptable to keep animals bored, lonely, and far from their natural bones.
Zoos claim to educate people and save endangered species, but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the animals' natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty. Zoos keep animals in small spaces or cages, and most signs only mention the species' name, diet, and natural range. The animals' normal behavior is seldom noticed because zoos don't usually take care of the animals’ natural needs.
The animals are kept together in small spaces, with no privacy and little opportunity for mental and physical exercise. This results in unusual and self-destructive behavior called zoochosis. A worldwide study of zoos found that zoochosis is common among animals kept in small spaces or cages. Another study showed that elephants spend 22 percent of their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars, and bears spend 30 percent of their time walking back and forth, a sign of unhappiness and pain.
Furthermore, most animals in zoos are not endangered. Captive breeding of endangered big cats, Asian elephants, and other species has not resulted n their being sent back to the wild. Zoos talk a lot about their captive breeding programs because they do not want people to worry about a species dying out. In fact, baby animals also attract a lot of paying customers. Haven’t we seen enough competitions to name baby animals
Actually, we will save endangered species only if we save their habitats and put an end to the reasons people kill them. Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that work to protect animals’ natural habitats.
Read for Topic Sentences and Key Words
however ......
but ......
......,
Furthermore ......
Instead of ......
How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments-mostly for entertainment purposes-is fair and respectful
Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals. However, most zoos remain “collections” of interesting “things” rather than protective habitats. Zoos teach people that it is acceptable to keep animals bored, lonely, and far from their natural bones.
Zoos claim to educate people and save endangered species, but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the animals’ natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty. Zoos keep animals in small spaces or cages, and most signs only mention the species’ name, diet, and natural range. The animals’ normal behavior is seldom noticed because zoos don’t usually take care of the animals’ natural needs.
The animals are kept together in small spaces, with no privacy and little opportunity for mental and physical exercise. This results in unusual and self-destructive behavior called zoochosis. A worldwide study of zoos found that zoochosis is common among animals kept in small spaces or cages. Another study showed that elephants spend 22 percent of their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars, and bears spend 30 percent of their time walking back and forth, a sign of unhappiness and pain.
Furthermore, most animals in zoos are not endangered. Captive breeding of endangered big cats, Asian elephants, and other species has not resulted n their being sent back to the wild. Zoos talk a lot about their captive breeding programs because they do not want people to worry about a species dying out. In fact, baby animals also attract a lot of paying customers. Haven’t we seen enough competitions to name baby animals
Actually, we will save endangered species only if we save their habitats and put an end to the reasons people kill them. Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that work to protect animals’ natural habitats.
Read for Topic and Structure
P 1
P 2
P 3
P 4
P 6
P 5
议论文写作模板
论点
论据
结论
3
Rewrite / Paraphrase
理解准确，涵盖所有要点
有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，结构紧凑
完全使用自己的语言
准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇
理解准确，涵盖所有要点
对应评分
标准
高度概况（找出主题句）
删除细节
同义替换
句式运用(非谓语动词，省略，主动与被动，倒装）
巧妙的衔接词
概要写作高分技能
词词替换：包括同义词、近义词、反义词
转换词性：指用同一个单词的不同形式，
词形不同，意思一样
短语与短语替换
同义替换
Para 1& 2. Keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments...is fair
and respectful .......most zoos remain “collections” of interesting
“things” rather than protective habitats.
Para 3. Visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful
about the animals' natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty.
Para 4. The animals are kept together in small spaces, ....... This results in
unusual and self-destructive behavior called zoochosis.
Para 5. Most animals in zoos are not endangered.
Para 6. Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that
work to protect animals' natural habitats.
词词替换---同义词、近义词、反义词
unfair
significant
abnormal
dying out
organizations
that
animals
disrespectful
Para 1& 2. Keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments...is fair
and respectful .......most zoos remain “collections” of interesting
“things” rather than protective habitats.
Para 3. Visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful
about the animals' natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty.
Para 4. The animals are kept together in small spaces, ....... This results in
unusual and self-destructive behavior called zoochosis.
Para 5. Most animals in zoos are not endangered.
Para 6. Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that
work to protect animals' natural habitats.
转换词性---词形不同，意思一样
unfair
significant
abnormal
dying out
organizations
that
collect
destroy
destruction
disrespectful
animals
do harm to
cause destruction/ damage to
damage / harm / hurt (vt.)
Para 1& 2. Keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments...is fair
and respectful .......most zoos remain “collections” of interesting
“things” rather than protective habitats.
Para 3. Visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful
about the animals' natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty.
Para 4. The animals are kept together in small spaces, ....... This results in
unusual and self-destructive behavior called zoochosis.
Para 5. Most animals in zoos are not endangered.
Para 6. Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that
work to protect animals' natural habitats.
短语与短语替换
unfair
significant
abnormal
dying out
organizations
that
collect
destroy
destruction
in zoos
They failed to learn something
cause
They destroy themselves.
They cause destruction/ damage to themselves.
animals
disrespectful
lead to
They do harm to themselves.
They haven't increased their knowledge
改变句子结构，运用不同的句式来表达与原句相同的句意。
常用的策略有：改变语态，简单句变复合句，
从句变分词，省略，倒装
句式运用
Para 1& 2. Keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments...is fair
and respectful .......most zoos remain “collections” of interesting
“things” rather than protective habitats.
P 3. Visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful
about the animals' natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty.
P 4. The animals are kept together in small spaces, ....... This results in
unusual and self-destructive behavior called zoochosis.
P 5. Most animals in zoos are not endangered.
P 6. Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that
work to protect animals' natural habitats.
Paraphrase --- 句式运用
unfair
abnormal
dying out
organizations
that
collect
in zoos
lead to
They destroy themselves.
animals
1. because most zoos only collect
interesting animals but don't protect them.
2. animals in zoos because most zoos only collect
interesting animals but don't protect them.
disrespectful
it 作形式主语
doing 作主语
Keeping animals in zoos is unfair
It is unfair to keep
Para 3. Visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful
about the animals' natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty.
Para 4. The animals are kept together in small spaces, ....... This results in
unusual and self-destructive behavior called zoochosis.
Para 5. Most animals in zoos are not endangered.
Para 6. Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that
work to protect animals' natural habitats.
Paraphrase --- 句式运用
significant
abnormal
dying out
organizations
that
destroy
destruction
They failed to learn something
lead to
They destroy themselves.
They cause destruction/ damage to themselves.
Para 3. Visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful
about the animals' natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty.
Paraphrase --- 句式运用
They failed to learn something
1. , they failed to learn something significant
about animals and animal protection.
2. , visitors haven't increased their knowledge of animals
and animal protection.
运用时间状语从句
运用分词
significant
When visitors leave zoos
When leaving zoos
Para 4. The animals are kept together in small spaces, ....... This results in
unusual and self-destructive behavior called zoochosis.
Paraphrase --- 句式运用
abnormal
lead to
They destroy themselves.
They cause destruction/ damage to themselves.
1. The animals are kept in ______ small crowded spaces ______ they even
abnormally hurt themselves.
2. _________________________, animals even abnormally hurt themselves.
3. Abnormally, self-destruction __________ to animals kept in zoos.
合并为复合句
运用分词作状语
运用被动语态
such
that
Kept in small crowded spaces
is caused
Para 5. Most animals in zoos are not endangered.
Para 6. Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that
work to protect animals' natural habitats.
Paraphrase --- 句式运用
dying out
organizations
that
Most animals _______ in zoos are not those___________.
We should support organization ____________ animals' natural habitats
instead of supporting zoos.
分词作定语
分词作定语
kept
dying out
protecting
4
Connect and Polish
It is unfair to keep animals in zoos because most zoos only collect interesting animals but don't protect them. (要点1) Firstly, visitors, when leaving zoos, haven't increased their knowledge of animals and animal protection.(要点2) Secondly, kept in small crowded spaces, animals even abnormally hurt themselves. (要点3) And thirdly, most animals kept in zoos are not those dying out. (要点4) So we should support groups protecting animals' natural habitats instead of supporting zoos. (要点5)
One Possible Version
What have we learned
1. the steps of writing a summary;
2. how to get the topic sentence;
3. some techniques that can be used in writing a summary.
Video Time
Thank you!