(共19张PPT)
Where did you go during this holiday
Millions of people visit Ciqikou every National Holiday.
Ciqikou
Ciqikou
millions of people every National Holiday.
is visited by
被动语态
The Passive Voice
英语语态
语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和动作之间的关系。
英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态动词的主语是动词的执行者；
被动语态动词的主语是动词的承受者。
被动语态的构成
一般来说，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。
be + 及物动词的过去分词
（be 有人称、数和时态的变化）
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般将来时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
过去完成时
含有情态动词
am/is/are + done
was/were + done
shall/will be + done
am/is/are being + done
am/is/are going to be + done
was/were being + done
have/has been + done
had been + done
can/must/may be + done
被动语态的时态
被动语态的句型
肯定句
否定句
一般疑问句
特殊疑问句
The song is liked by young people.
The song isn’t liked by young people.
Is the song liked by young people
The song is liked by young people.
Who is the song liked by
=By whom is the song liked
（以含有be动词的句子为例）
主动语态改为被动语态的方法
Step 1: 主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语
Step 2: 主动句的谓语变成“be+过去分词”，be时态与原句保持一致
Step 3: 主动句的主语变成by的宾语，放在被动句的谓语之后，不强调执行者时，可以省略
Exercise: 用be动词的正确形式填空。
A knife used to cut apples.
The air polluted already.
The rooms cleaned later.
The students asked to do homework.
They encouraged to study hard in the past.
Not only they but also I punished last night.
Can the machine used to make things
In many places in China, the old over 90 taken good care of not only by their family but also by the government.
The lazy boys each seen to climb over the school gate last night.
What must done to protect the forest
is
has been
will be
are
were
was
be
are
were
be
Exercise
Printing into Europe from China.
A. introduced B. introduces
C. is introduced D. was introduced
2. So far, the moon by man already.
A. is visited B. will be visited
C. has been visited D. was visited
3. Today, the forests have almost gone. People must down too many trees.
A. stop to cut B. stop from cutting
C. be stopped to cut D. be stopped from cutting
特殊句型的被动语态
含有使役动词（make/let/have）或感官动词（hear/see/listen to/look at/ find/watch feel）的句子，在主动语态中常省to，改为被动语态时还原to.
注：help, 主动语态中可带to,也可省to,被动语态中一定要带to.
e.g. ① Mother often makes me do some housework.
I am often made to do some housework by my mother.
② We saw them play basketball yesterday.
They were seen to play basketball yesterday.
带省to的不定式作宾补的被动语态：V. + sb. + do sth.
口诀：感使动词真叫怪，to来to去记心怀，主动语态to离去，被动语态to回来
特殊句型的被动语态
2. 带双宾语的被动语态:
e.g. ① I was given a pen by her.
A pen was given to me by her.
② I was bought a new bike by my father.
A new bike was bought for me by my father.
带双宾的被动语态：V. + sb.（间宾） + sth.（直宾）
口诀：如遇双宾语，一般变间宾，若把直宾变，to/for 间宾连。
teach, give, pass, show, buy, tell…
变为主语的若是直接宾语（物），应在间接宾语（人）前加介词to或for。
特殊句型的被动语态
3. 由不及物动词（vi）+介词/副词+宾语的句子改成被动语态时，介词/副词不能掉。
e.g. We should speak to old people politely.
The old people should be politely spoken to.
4. 以动词短语作谓语的主动语态变被动语态时，介词/副词不能掉。
e.g. We should take care of the old.
The old should be taken care of.
Exercise
1. A monkey was seen off the tree.
A. jump B. jumps
C. jumped D. to jump
Who was the book
A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by
3. Your homework must half an hour.
A. be handed in B. be handed in in
C. handed in D. hand in in
主动形式表被动
1. 连系动词无被动语态。
e.g. The cloth is felt soft and cool.
The cloth feels soft and cool.
2. 表示主语本身属性。
常见的动词：write, read, cook, sell, break, open等
常见的修饰词：well, badly, smoothly, easily等
e.g. The pen writes smoothly.
The book sells well.
主动形式表被动
3. 需要做某事：want/require/need + doing = want/require/need + to be done
e.g. The window wants/needs/requires repairing/ to be repaired.
4. 值得做某事：be worth doing
e.g. The book is well worth reading twice.
形式被动，主动含义的结构
be/get married
be/get seated/ hurt/ used to/ dressed/paid等
没有被动语态的的词或短语
happen
appear
leave
enter
reach
become
cost
last
fail
…
take place
belong to
come true
agree with
beak out
run out
…
汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示
It is believed that
It is considered that
It is said that
It is well known that
It is supposed that
Exercise
---What do you think of the book
---Oh, excellent. It’s worth a second time.
A. to read B. to be read
C. reading D. being read
2. How dirty the tables are! They need .
A. to clean B. clean
C. cleaning D. cleaned
3. ---I haven’t heard from Jenny for a long time.
---What do you suppose to her
A. to happen B. happening
C. has happened D. was happening
Exercise
4. I like my new bike. It very well.
A. rides B. is riding
C. is ridden D. has ridden
5. ---When the fire
---The day before yesterday.
A. did; break out B. was; broken out
C. had; broken out D. did; was broken out
Thank you!(共48张PPT)
中考总复习之英语时态 语态
时态
两现
三一
三过
现在进行时
现在完成时
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般将来时
过去进行时
过去完成时
过去将来时
看时间，定语态
I learn English every day .
I learned English yesterday.
I will learn English next year .
I am learning English now.
I was learning English just now .
I have learned English for three years.
I had learned English 3 years by the end of last month.
I said I would learn English the next day.
初中常见的6种时态：
一般现在时
一般过去时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
一般将来时
各种时态的用法
一、一般现在时
1.用法：
2.结构：主语+动词原形 / 动词单三形式
3.标志词:
1.The boy usually___(get) to school early.
gets
2.Light ______(travel)faster than sound.
travels
A.现在经常性的动作或状态
B.客观事实和真理。
always,usually,often, sometimes, never,
every day /week/month/year/…
她一到达那儿，就会给你写信。
——————————————————————
一般现在时的注意点:
在when ,as soon as, until, after, before等到引导的时间状语从句和if 引导的条件状语从句中,
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we’ll go camping.
如果明天不下雨，我们将去野营。
———————————————————
She ’ll write to you as soon as she gets there .
用一般现在时表示将来.
主将从现
当主句是祈使句或含有情态动词时，从句用一般现在时。
Don’t get off the bus until it ______(stop).
You may go out to play when you______(finish) your homework.
stops
finish
某些以here，there开头的句子用一般现在时表示现在进行时。
Here comes a car.
There goes the bell.
二、一般过去时
1.用法：
2.结构：
2.标志词：
yesterday,the day before yesterday, three days ago,
last night/week/month…,in the past；just now=
a moment ago
过去的动作或状态。
【2010河北省卷】39. I ________ a mistake. Please don’t be angry with me.
A. make B. made
C. will make D am making
B
主语+V-ed
三、一般将来时
1.用法：
2.结构：
将来的动作或状态。
1）will + 动词原形
2）am(is,are) going to +动词原形
3）常用be doing表示将来的动词:go, come , leave , stay，start，begin等
如：We are leaving for london.
4）be about to+do和be to+do表示即将发生的动作 The train is about to start.
She is to be married next month.
be going to与will / shall, be to do, be about to do的用法及区别：
be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；
shall / will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。
* be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表意愿。如：
If it is fine, we’ll go fishing.(正确)
If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.(错误)
*
*
* be to do sth.表按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等。
A meeting is to be held at 3:00 o’clock this afternoon.
* be about to do sth.表示“即可，就要”，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。
Autumn harvest is about to start.
3.标志词：
tomorrow,the day after tomorrow,in three days,in (the)future,
next week/month/term…, from now on
下面几种情况只用will/shall:
表示有礼貌地询问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时:
Will you please lend me your bike？
We will help him if he asks us.
表示单纯的将来，与人的主观愿望和判断无关时:
The sun will rise at 6:30 tomorrow moring.
三、现在进行时
1.用法：
2.结构:
3.标志词：
中考模拟：
--Mike, who____football in the yard
--Let me go and see. （2010顺义）
A.has played B.will play
C.was playing D.is playing
A.现刻动作：目前正在发生的动作。
B.现阶段动作：目前一个时期一直在进行的动作，此刻不一定在进行。
now,Look! Listen! this week ，these days
is/am/ are + doing
注意
A.有几个瞬间动词可以用现在进行时表将来，如：begin,start,come,go,leave。
1.--Lucy! Would you like to give me a hand
--OK. I____.
A.will come B.come
C.am coming D.would come
2.--When____you____for Toronto
--Tomorrow.
A.do;leave B.are;leaving
C.will;leaving D.shall;leave
The boy ______always ______ us!
B.现在进行时和always连用，表示说话人较强烈的感彩。
You ____ always _____ the same mistake!
is
helping
(夸赞)
are
making
(责备)
四、过去进行时
1.用法：
2.结构：
3.标志词：
过去某时某段时间正在进行的动作。
at that time,this time yesterday,then,when…，
last night，last year,
at 9:00 yesterday；from seven to nine；yesterday, yesterday morning
was/were +doing
含有when和while引导的时间状语：
主句中的动作先于从句的动作发生，且进行时间较长时，主句用过去进行时，从句用一般过去时
The boy was walking down the street when the earthquake happened.
从句中的动作先于主句中的动作发生时，且进行的时间较长时，从句用过去进行时，主句用一般过去时
When he was playing ，all of us sat still and listened.
若主从句动作同时进行时，从句一般用while引导
He was reading a newspaper while I was watching TV.
谁先发生谁用进行时
1.用法：
1
2
五、现在完成时
过去的动作对现在的影响。
I have finished my homework.
过去的动作持续到现在,还可能继续持续。
I have stayed here for an hour！
2.结构
have/has+done
already, just, yet, ever, never, so far(till now/up to now), recently, in the past 3 years, before,
since+时间点, for+时间段
3.标志词
① She has learnt English for 3 years.
②They have lived here since 1990.
注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如come , go , die , join, buy等的完成时不能与for, since等表示一段时间的短语连用。
4.瞬间动词和延续性动词
若句中出现时间段，则必须使用延续性动词。瞬间动词和延续性动词转换关系如下：
1.The film began 5 minutes ago.
2.They left an hour ago.
3.The man died a week ago.
4.He joined the club 3 days ago.
5.They got married 10 years ago.
6.He came here an hour ago.
7.Jack got home 2 hours ago.
8.Mum opened the door just now.
9.I borrowed the book a week ago.
10.I bought the car a year ago.
The film___ ___ ___ for 5 minutes.
They____ ____ ____for an hour.
The man___ ____ ____ for a week.
He___ ____ ___the club for 3 days.
They____ ____ _______for 10 years.
He___ ____ here since an hour ago.
Jack___ ____home for 2 hours.
The door___ ____open for a while.
I____ _____the book for a week.
I____ ____the car since a year ago.
has been on
have been away
has been dead
has been in
have been married
has been
has been
has been
have kept
have had
have been (to)和have gone (to)的区别：
★ have / has been (to) 表示“曾经去过”某地,说话时此人很 可能不在那里,已经回来。侧重指经历。
★have / has gone (to) 表示某人“已经去了”某地，说话时此人在那里，或可能在路上，反正不在这里。
短暂性动词与延续性动词
将暂短性动词改为相应的延续性动词或短语和一段时间连用，
其常用的方法有：
a.用相应的延续性动词替换的主要有：
buy have
borrow keep
catch/get a cold have a cold
get to know know
join the Party be a Party member
leave be away (from)
die be dead
begin be on
come here be here
fall asleep be asleep
join the Army be in the Army
come to work / live work / live
begin to study/ teach study/teach
B. 把误句中表示一段时间的状语改为
表示过去时间的状语，原动词的完成时改为过去时
He came here three months ago.
C.用 “It is/ has been +一段时间 +since
(一般过去时)”结构。
It is/ has been three months since he came here.
D. 用“多长时间+has passed + since(一般过去时)”
Three months has passed since he came here.
(4)暂短性动词的肯定式的完成时不能和how long连用。如：
误：How long have you borrow the book
正：How long have you kept the book
正：When did you borrow the book
动词的时态结构歌谣
一般现在时，动词用原型；
一般时
单数三人称，动词加“s” 。
一般过去时，动词加“ed”。
I work.
He works.
I worked.
现在进行时,
进行时
过去进行时,
am,is,are,-ing。
was,were,-ing。
将来时
一般将来时，
will加原型。
完成时
现在完成时，
have/has加过分。
Exercise
1.The volleyball match will be put off if it .
A . will rain B. rains C .rained D. is raining
2.---Do you want to see the film “Harry Potter ”
---The film “Harry Potter Ⅱ” I _____ it . It’s
very wonderful. (2008黄岗中考)
A.see B.have seen C.was seeing D.has seen
3.The boy ______________(not swim) in the river yet.
hasn’t swum
5.---Where is Liu Mei
--- She___________(go) home.
4.--- Where is your father
--- He ___________ (watch) TV in the room.
7.He asked what time they___________(do)
at eight last night.
were doing
8.I know that he _________(join) the army in1985.
joined
6.We don’t know if it ___________(rain) tomorrow. If it ________ (rain) tomorrow, we’ll not go for a picnic.
is watching
will rain
rains
has gone
9 .He’s not hungry. He_____ just________ (have) lunch.
11.---______the Blacks __________(visit) the Great Wall before
---Yes , they_________.
---When _______they _______(visit) it
---Only a month ago.
10. I’m sure he ____________(work) it out in one hour.
has
will work
Have
had
visited
have
did
visit
时态综合试题
1.Sorry,I____to help you at ten.I was busy at the moment.
A.won't come B.can't come
C.didn't come D.shouldn't come
2.He_______this pen for five years.He______it in 1997.
A.has bought,bought. B.bought,bought
C.has kept,has bought D.has had,bought
3.She_________the flowers in the garden when I_________to see her yesterday.
A.watered，went B.was watering， went
C.watered，was going D.was watering，was going
4.I don 't know if my friend_________.If he _________,I'll let you know.
A.comes,comes B.comes, will come
C.will come,comes D.will come,will come
5.It______10 years since I______here.
A.is,come B.is,have come
C.was,came D.is,came
6.His brother_________from home for a long time.
A.has left B.has been away
C.left D.will leave
7.--Lucy,___you____your ticket --Not yet. (2003河北省)
A.did;find B.have;found C.has;found D.do;find
8.--I don’t know if his uncle____
--I think he___if it doesn’t rain.
A.will come; comes B.will come; will come
C.comes; comes D.comes; will come
9.--Hurry up! It’s time to leave. --OK,____.(2003江西)
A.I’m coming B.I’ll come C.I’ve come D.I come
10. I must return the camera to Li Lei, I____it for two weeks.
A.keep B.borrowed C.have kept D.have lent (2003辽宁)
11.--When__ this kind of computer__ --Last year.(2002天津)
A.did; use B.was; used C.is; used D.are; used
12.--Jerry,____you____your lost book --Not yet.
A.did;find B.have;found C.has; found D.do;find
13.Do you know if____back next week If he____back,please let me know.(2002黑龙江)
A.he comes, will come B.will he come; comes
C.he will come; comes D.will he come, will come
be + done
被动语态的基本结构:
有各种时态的变化
考点一:
一般现在时的被动语态：
am / is / are + done
一般过去时的被动语态：
was / were + done
一般将来时的被动语态：
will + be + done
be going to + be + done
现在完成时的被动语态：
have / has + been + done
含有情态动词的被动语态：
情态动词 + be + done
考点二:
被动语态中的特殊情况:
① Good medicine ___ bitter to the mouth.
A. tastes B. is tasted C. taste
② This pen ___ well.
A. is sold B. sell C. sells
感官动词, 和sell,write,wash，read，open，burn等动词用主动语态表被动.
Many people ___ during the earthquake in May, 2008.
A. were died
B. dead
C. died
happen, die,fit,take place, come true，belong to等动词不使用被动.
主动:
被动:
see / hear sb. do sth
be seen / heard to do sth
make sb.do sth.
be made to do sth.
使役动词和感官动词再变为被动语态时必须还原to
The man ____ clean the toilet because he ___ rubbish bout when the police walked past the park.
A. was made; was seen to throw
B. was made to; was seen throwing
C. made; saw
Children should ___.
A. take good care of
B. be taken good care
C. be taken good care of
固定短语的被动不要丢掉后面的介词或副词
Your desk ___.
A. needs repair
B. needs repairing
C. needs to repair
need/requir/want可以用-ing形式表示被动
need to be done = need doing
sth be worth doing是主动表被动
This book is worth ————.
A.read B. to read C. reading
巩固训练：
1.The key __for locking the classroom door.
A.uses B. is used C.is using D.use
2.A new school __over there in two years.
A. may built B.may be built C. is built
3. He was made __yesterday.
A.cry B.to cry C.crying D.to be cried
4.The PRC__on October 1,1949.
A.was found B. is found
C. was founded D. is founded
5.A talk on Chinese history__in the school hall next week.
A.is given B. has been given
C. will be given D. will give
B
B
B
C
C
Many thnks!(共29张PPT)
代词
1.人称代词、物主代词、反身代词
类别 功能 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
人称代词 主格 作主语 I we you you he she it they
宾格 作宾语 me us you you him her it them
物主代词 形容词性物主代词 作定语 my our your your his her its their
名词性物主代词 作主语、宾 语或表语 mine ours yours yours his hers / theirs
类别 功能 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
反身代词 作宾语、表语或同位语 myself ourselves yourself yourselves himself herself itself themselves
特别提醒 ①人称代词的主格多作句子主语；②宾格用在及物动词或介词后作宾语，在口语中，常用人称代词的宾格作表语。③特别注意：人称代词指代的数前后要一致。
①形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，在句中只能作名词或动名词的前置定 语，不能单独使用。②名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”，可单独作主语、表语和宾语。
小试牛刀
1. There is something wrong with Sam. Let’s help ___________（他）.
2. Don’t put your school things here. Put ___________（它）away.
3. We can’t find our shoes. Can you help ___________（我们）
4. ---Excuse me. Is this her cup ---No. It’s ___________(他的).
5. It’s time for ____________(你们) to go home.
him
it
us
his
you
6. Hello, may ___________ (我) speak to Jack
7. My bag is small. Can I use ____________ (你的)
8. These books are___________(我的),
and those are___________(你的).
9. Please listen to____________(她) carefully.
10. Could you take ___________(它) to the car
I
yours
mine
yours
her
it
11. That is___________(他们的) new house.
12. These are not your desks. They are ___________(我们的).
13. My father is talking with __________(我).
14. This is _______(我的) book. That is hers.
15. His chair is blue. _________(我的) is yellow.
their
mine
me
my
Mine
( ) 1. She is a student, and ________ name is Julia.
A. its B. her C. hers D. his
( ) 2. Could you help ________ with ________ English, please
A. I, my B. me, me C. me, my D. my, I
( ) 3. A friend of ________ came here yesterday.
A. my B. his C. him D. himself
( ) 4. ________ pencil-box is beautiful. But _______ is more beautiful than________.
A. Toms, my, he B. Tom’s, mine, his C. Tom’s, mine, him D. Tom’s, my, his
( ) 5. Most of _________like Chinese food.
A. they B. their C. them D. theirs
( ) 6. Don’t you let ________ help you
A. I and my friend B. my friend and I C. my friend and me D. my friend and I to
试一试
B
C
B
B
C
C
( ) 7. How hard_________ works!
A. we B. him C. he D. his
( ) 8. _________ have been chosen.
A. I, you and he B. He, you and I C. You, he and I D. You, him and me
( ) 9. She gave the erasers to Lucy and __________ .
A. I B. me C. my D. mine
( ) 10. That’s not ________; it is_______. I made it ________.
A. ours, mine, myself B. your, mine, myself C. yours, her, myself D. yours, my, myself
( ) 11. They bought ________ English-Chinese dictionaries.
A. us B. ours C. ourselves D. to us
( ) 12. Most people think ________ are the winner.
A. ours B. ourselves C. we D. us
C
C
B
A
A
C
2.不定代词
each/every each指“（两者或两者以上的人或物的）每个”，可与of短语搭配；every 指“（三者或三者以上的人或物的）每个”，在句中只作定语，不可与of短语搭配。
all/both both表示“两者都”；all 指“（三者或三者以上的人或物的）所有，全部” 。
either/ neither either表示“（两者中的）任何一个”；neither表示“两者都不”。
none/ nothing/ no one/ nobody none指人或物，表特指，表示“（三者或三者以上中）无一个，没有一点”，可与of短语连用；nothing指物，表泛指，表示“没有任何东西，没有事”，不与of短语连用;no one/nobody 指人，表泛指，不与of短语连用。
another 泛指“另一个”。
other/ others other泛指“另外一些”，只作定语，常与可数名词复数连用；others泛指“其余的人或物”，相当于other+复数名词。
the other/ the others the other特指“（两者之中的）另一个”；the other+可数名词复数=the others。
few/a few few表示“很少人/物”；a few表示“有些人/物”，修饰或指代名词复数。
little/ a little little表示“不多的”；a little表示“少量的，一些”，修饰或指代不可数名词。
many/much many表示“许多”，修饰或指代可数名词复数；much表示“许多”，修饰或指代不可数名词。
不定代 词用于 习惯搭 配中 each other （两者）相互 one another （三者或三者以上）相互 one...another...（三者或三者以上）一个……另一个…… one... the other...（两者中）一个……另一个…… some...others...一些……另一些……
小试牛刀
1.You may come to my house ____ this week____ next week.
A .neither; or B .from; to C . either; or D. either; nor
2. We study Chinese, English , maths and some _____ subjects.
A .the other B. one C .other D .another
3.I have two sisters .___ of them are doctors.
A. Both B. All C .Either D. Neither
4. "Don't worry . There's ______ wrong with you." said the doctor.
A. nothing B .everything C. something D .very
5.Thee shoes are too small. You may buy some ____ shoes.
A .another B .other C .the .others D. others
6.They are ____ the same size , so you may take ____ half of the cake.
A. at; each B. in; both C .at; neither D .in; either
7.Betty and John have come back , but ____students in the class aren't here yet.
A. the other B others C. another D. the others
C
C
A
A
B
B
D
3.指示代词
表示空间和时间远近关系的代词 包括:this/that (单数) these/those (复数)
1）. this, these指在方位上较近的人或物
that, those指在方位上较远的人或物
This is my cap, that’s yours.
These cars are made in China, those are made in America.
2）.that,those常指前面提过的东西,避免重复
These apples are bigger than those in the box.
3）.刚才提到的事情，在英文中用that
He was ill yesterday. I’m sorry to hear that.
4.疑问代词
用来构成特殊疑问句的代词
who whom whose what which 通常做主语、宾语、定语、表语。
What makes you sad (做主语)
Who(Whom) were you talking with
(做宾语,句中 with 不能提到句首)
Which book do I need （做定语）
What’s your father （做表语）
注意：在口语中，who和whom通用， 但在介词后只能用whom
With whom did he play chess
With who did he play chess (错)
5.It用法
it是表示人以外的动物或物品的单数名词，通常译为“它”。除此之外，it还有很多特殊的用法，而其意思根据实际情况而定。
（一）人称代词it的用法
1、代替前面（或后面）的名词单数或不可数名词所表示的事物。
I borrowed a book from library yesterday. But I can’t find it now. (it 代替前面的book）
Although we can’t see it, there is air all around us. (it 代指后文的air）
2、代替有生命但不能或不必分阴阳的个体
Yesterday I saw a big camel, it was about 3 meter’s high.
-----Someone is knocking at the door
-----Really Who is it
（二）非人称代词it的用法
1、指天气、时间、距离、度量等等。
It’s five kilometers from the office to my home .
It often rains in summer .
What time is it now
2、作形式主语或宾语
为使句子平衡，非谓语动词作主语或宾语时，通常it作形式宾语，而将其真正的主语置于句末。
It is not easy to finish the work In two days .
I found it hard to get there by eight o’clock .
Exercises
一、单项选择：
( )1. The food ____ smells terrible.
A. he B. itself C. himself D. herself
( )2. The dog is wagging ____ tail.
A. it B. its C. it’s D. itself
( )3. Is this your basketball, boys
No, it is not ____
A. yours B. our C. mine D. ours
B
B
D
( )4.____ want to play with you.
A .Every student B .All the students
C .All of students D. Each student
( )5. ____ of my parents will like you.
A. Both B. Neither C. All D. Either
( ) 6. They all have tried, but ____ have
succeeded.
A. a few B. few C. a little D. little
B
A
B
( )7. Have you found ____ on the Internet
A. a few informations B. a few information
C. a little information D. a little informations
( ) 8. He has 5 kids, one is a teacher, ____ is
a doctor and ___ are workers.
A. another, the others B. the other, others
C. others, the others D. another, the other
C
A
( ) 9. -- ____ is the boy under the tree
-- Tim’s brother.
A. When B. Who C. Where D. What
( )10. We have physics classes ___day,
Monday, Wednesday and Friday.
A. every two B. each other
C. every other D. all other
B
C
二.改错题：
1. Don’t worry. There is little time left.
2. My house is quite different from him.
3. She has two sons. One is a driver, another is a doctor.
Don’t worry. There is a little time left.
My house is quite different from his.
She has two sons. One is a driver, the other is a doctor.
4. I have important something to tell you.
5 .Please give him it.
6. Every of us wants to have a look at your game.
I have something important to tell you.
Please give it to him
Each of us wants to have a look at your game.
7. The boy sits in front of Bob and I.
8. I like to ask questions but I don`t like to answer it.
9. Jane doesn’t know what book to choose.
The boy sits in front of Bob and me.
I like to ask questions but I don`t like to answer them.
Jane doesn’t know which book to choose.
homework
1.Your mother is kindness ____.
A .itself B. herself C. oneself D .himself
2.She stayed there longer than ____.
A. anyone B .anything else C. anybody D .anybody else
3.Is this her bike No, it isn't . It's ____.
A. mine B. my C. me D. he’s
4. ____ Li Ping's brother.
A. Her B. His C. He's D. She’s
5.He is a boy. ___name is Wang Bing.
A. He B. His C. Her D. He’s
6.What's this .
A. It's a bread B. It is a bread C. It's bread D. This's bread
B
D
A
C
B
C
7.The bowls are on the table .There are some eggs in ____.
A. the B. them C. it D. he
8.Let ___have a meeting .
A. me B. you C. us
9. Mother often sees ______on Sunday .
A. her all friends B. all her friend C. her friends D. her all friend.
10.When you see Tom and his sister ,tell ____that ____mother is waiting at the gate.
A. his ;his B. her; hers C. them ; their D. his ; her
11.He wants you to talk _____about China.
A .anything B .nothing C. thing D .something
B
C
C
C
D
Thanks(共27张PPT)
状 语 从 句
Grammar
If you are happy and you know it, clap your hand.
If the green light isn’t on, wait a minute.
If it rains tomorrow,we will not go to the zoo.
If you work harder, you’ll pass the exam.
如果绿灯没有亮，就等一下。
如果感到幸福，你就拍拍手。
如果明天下雨，我们就不去动物园。
如果你学习更努力，你就会通过考试。
If the telephone rings, ___________________.
_________________, you will be late for school.
Look and say
I will answer it
If you get up late
If you are ill,
______________.
If you ride a bike in the
street,_______________________.
you must go to see a doctor
you must be very careful
条件状语从句
由if（如果）, unless（if...not，除非）, so/as long as （只要）等引导，谈论的是一个有可能发生的事实及其产生的相关的结果，主句用现在时，从句也用现在时；主句用过去时，从句也用过去的某种时态。
主将从现具体地讲，主句是一般将来时(包括祈使句和含有情态动词can, may, must等)，从句也用一般现在时
We won’t wait for him, if he doesn’t come before 12o’clock.
We won’t wait for him, unless he comes before 12o’clock.
如果他12点前不来，我们就不等他了。
So long as you keep on trying, you will surely succeed.
只要你继续努力，你就会成功。
Choose the right answer:
I'd like to go swimming __the water is not too old.
A. for B. unless C. if D. whether
2 . ---Do you know if he __to play basket ball with ---I think he will come if he ______ free tomorrow.
A. comes; is B. comes; will be
C. will come; is D. will come; will be
3 . ___ you study harder, you'll never pass the exam.
A. If B. Until C. Unless D. Except
4 . I’ll go swimming with you if I _____free tomorrow.
A. will be B. shall be C. am D. was
时间状语从句
由连词 when（当……时候）, while（当……时候）, before（在……之前）, after（在……之后）, till/ until（直到）, as soon as （一……就……）， as（当……时,一边……,一边……）, since（从……以来）, whenever （无论何时）等引导。
当她回来时，我将告诉她每一件事。
当我在做作业时，妈妈在做饭。
他在工作十年以后就出国了。
I will tell her everything when she comes back.
My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework.
After he had worked for ten years, he went abroad.
在忘记之前,我要把它写下来。
我一到上海就会写信给你。
我们一直到雨停了才离开。
We didn’t leave until the rain stopped.
As soon as I arrive in Shanghai, I will write to you.
I’ll write it down before I forget it.
when, while, as 均可以表示“当……时候”。
when可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用；而while和as只能和延续性动词连用，从句常用进行时态。如：
When he came in, his mother was cooking.
When (While) we were at school, we went to the library every day.
当我在做作业时，妈妈在做饭。
My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework.
时间状语从句一般不用将来时，如果主句是一
般将来时态、祈使句或者是含有将来的动作和
意味时，由 when, till / until, as soon as 引
导的时间状语从句一般用现在时态来代替将来
时。即主将从现
如：
I will tell her everything when she comes back.
当她回来时，我将告诉她每一件事。
选择正确的单词完成句子。
Some students were reading _____
(while / when) others were writing.
2. I didn’t go to bed _____ (until / after) my granny came back home.
3. Mother asks me not to play computer games _____ (before / when) I finish my homework.
选择正确的单词完成句子。
Some students were reading _____
(while / when) others were writing.
2. I didn’t go to bed _____ (until / after) my granny came back home.
3. Mother asks me not to play computer games _____ (before / when) I finish my homework.
√
√
√
4. You must be tired _____ (after /
before) working for eight hours
without a rest.
5. Don't worry. I’ll call you _____ (as
soon as / until) I get the news.
6. _____ (When / While) class began, we
stopped to listen to the teacher
carefully.
4. You must be tired _____ (after /
before) working for eight hours
without a rest.
5. Don't worry. I’ll call you _____ (as
soon as / until) I get the news.
6. _____ (When / While) class began, we
stopped to listen to the teacher
carefully.
√
√
√
原因状语从句
常用的引导连词有because, as, for和since。because用于表示直接
原因,回答why提出的问题，语气最强；对于显而易见的原因，常用
as或since。 as用于说明原因, 着重点在主句，常译成“由于”；
since表示显然的或已知的理由或事实，常译成“既然“,as和since
的从句常放在主句之前，而because的从句常放在主句之后；for
因为、由于，是对某种情况加以推断或解释，对前一分句进行附加
说明；它引出的分句必须放在另一分句后。
He didn’t come to school because he was ill.
As it is raining, we won't go the zoo.
Since you can’t answer the question, I’ll ask someone else.
There must be no one in the house， for the door is closed.
because和so不能同用在一个句子里, 如：
我们不能说：
Because it rained hard, so we stayed at home.
应该说：
或
It rained hard, so we stayed at home.
Because it rained hard, we stayed at home.
目的状语从句
常用的引导连词有so that和in order that 译为：以便, 为了, 目的是
我们早起以便能赶上第一班火车。
为了将来能找到更好的工作，他努力学习。
We used the computer in order that we might save time.
We got up early so that we could catch the first train.
He studies hard so that he could work better in the future.
我们使用电脑以便能够省时。
常用引导词：so 所以，so... that…如此……以致于, such… that…如此……以致于
常用句型：so+ adj. (adv.) + that
so+ adj. + a (an) + n. +that
such +a (an) +adj. + n. + that
such +adj. + n (s) +that
我的铅笔在地上，所以我没看见它。
他是如此的穷以至于买不起自行车给他儿子。
He is so poor that he can’t buy a bike for his son.
她是如此好的一个老师以至于每个人都喜欢她。
She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her.
结果状语从句
My pencil was on the floor, so I didn’t see it.
注意
so that 与so一词之差， 前者连接目的
状语从句， 而后者连接结果状语从句。
从句中动词的时态也有区别：
目的状语从句中时态表示将来、可能性，带有情态动词can, could, may, might等。而结果状语从句中表示已经发生。
We got up early so that we could catch the first train.
They got up late so they didn't catch the first train.
目的状语从句
结果状语从句
(1)让步状语从句通常由although, though, even though（尽管……,虽然……)等连词引导。例如：
Though he is young, he knows a lot.
Although I am tired, I must go on working.
(2)although(though)和 but不能用在同一个句子中。如：
我们不能说：
Though it was raining hard, but he still went out.
应该说：
或
让步状语从句
Though it was raining hard, he still went out.
It was raining hard, but he still went out.
(1)让步状语从句通常由although, though, even though（尽管……,虽然……)等连词引导。例如：
Though he is young, he knows a lot.
Although I am tired, I must go on working.
(2)although(though)和 but不能用在同一个句子中。如：
我们不能说：
Though it was raining hard, but he still went out.
应该说：
或
让步状语从句
Though it was raining hard, he still went out.
It was raining hard, but he still went out.
1.I'll go to see the film with you ______ I have time this evening.
A. whether B. so C. if D. when
2.The police asked the children _______cross the street ________ the traffic lights turned green.
A. not; before B. don’t; when
C. not to; until D. not; after
3.Tom will call me as soon as he ___ Shanghai.
A. arrives B. will reach C. arrives in D. get to
4.He took off his coat _______ he felt hot.
A. because B. as C. if D. since
5.You’ll fail in chemistry again ______you work harder．
A. if B. unless C. whether D. though
6. _____ he came to study in the university, he has made much progress in the study of English.
A. While B. When C. Since D. After
7. I got there ___ late ___ I didn't see him.
A. too; to B. such; that C. so; that D. so; as
8. The teacher raised his voice _______ all the students could hear him.
A. so B. so that C. because D. in order to
9. ____ he has little knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience.
A. Although B. Because C. If D. but
10. -- What's your plan for the summer holidays
--I'll go to Beijing_____ the school term ends.
A. in order that B. so that
C. as soon as D. even though
1.-Please call me up as soon as she _______ back．
-OK，I will．（ ）
A. will come
B. is coming
C. comes
2.“We'll have a picnic if it________tomorrow．”“Have a nice day．”（ ）
A. won'train
B. will rain
C. doesn't rain
3.-Emma failed her exams． I think she should work harder．
--I agree． __ she does，she’ll get good grades．（ ）
A. If
B. Because
C. Before
D. Though
4.--I don’t know when tomorrow．
---I will call you as soon as he ．（ ）
A. will he come； arrives
B. he will come； arrives
C. he will come； will arrive
D. will he come； will come
1. The farmer watered the vegetables in the field _____ they might grow better.
A. in case B. for fear that C. in order D. so that
2. If they don’t understand it the first time, go over it again _____ they do.
A. when B. after C. since D. until
3. I won’t accept their offer, _____ favorable the conditions.
A. how B. however C. no matter D. no matter however
4. _____ it happened to be a nice day, we decided to go to the beach.
A. When B. Before C. If D. Since
5. We were just about ready to leave _____ it started to snow.
A. when B. before C. after D. since
6. I’ll keep his address _____ I need it.
A. so that B. in order that C. in case D. when
7. Will you keep my place in the queue for me _____ I go and make a phone call.
A. since B. while C. in case D. until
8. We can’t move into the new flat _____ the other tenants have moved out.
A. since B. when C. until D. as
9. When I met him last week, it was the first time we had seen each other _____ we were at school.
A. that B. since C. when D. after
10. She made a note of it _____ she might forget.
A. so that B. in order that C. if D. in case
