2021-2022学年牛津上海版九年级英语下册专项复习-非谓语动词之不定式讲解和练习（含答案）
文档属性
| 名称 | 2021-2022学年牛津上海版九年级英语下册专项复习-非谓语动词之不定式讲解和练习（含答案） |  | |
| 格式 | zip | ||
| 文件大小 | 30.1KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 牛津上海版（试用本） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-04-01 16:09:39 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
9B语法知识拓展2
非谓语动词之动词不定式
I. 动词不定式基本概述
● 具有名词、形容词和副词的特征:可在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语。
● 动词不定式的形式: to do (主动＋一般现在时) to be done (被动＋一般现在时)
to be doing (主动+进行) 强调两个动作同时发生
to have done (主动＋完成) to have been done (被动＋完成)
● 注意: 1. 表示否定时，否定词放在整个动词不定式之前，即never to do…。
2. 有些情况下，动词不定式的“to”必须省略。
类别 例句 句中功能
不 定 式 Learning/ To learn English takes a lot of work. It takes a lot of work to learn English. 动名词和不定式在一些情况下可替换。 动名词强调泛指，不定式强调特指。 主语
The important thing is to save lives trapped in the mine. 表语
He pretended to be doing his homework when his mother came in. 宾语
The next train to arrive was from New York. 主谓关系 He gave the order to start the attack. 同位关系 定语
She is glad to play with the child. 原因 状语
He cupped his ear to hear / in order to hear/ so as to hear better. 目的
In 1980 he left his hometown never to return. 结果
Scientists advise us to have a balanced diet. 补语 主动：宾补 被动：主补
We saw him enter the hall. He was seen to enter the hall
To begin with, I do not like its color. 独立结构
II. 动词不定式具体用法
1. 作主语
To improve the traffic in Shanghai is a must. (must n. 必须要做的事 [c])
How to solve the problem will be discussed at the meeting.
句型：It is + n. / adj. + for/ of sb. to do sth.
It is a(n) pleasure/ pity/ honor to do sth.
It is important / possible/ necessary/ convenient/ inevitable/ urgent + (for sb. ) to do sth.
It is kind/ generous/courageous/brave/ right / wrong/ wise/ sensible/ foolish+ (of sb.) to do sth.
It is a pity for the company to have lost such a rare opportunity to promote the sales.
Is it convenient for you to commute to the workplace when you live in the suburb
It is courageous of a young girl to take on the burden of feeding the whole family.
2. 作宾语
动宾
下列动词加to do做宾语: afford/ agree/ refuse/ intend/ attempt/ choose / decide/ determine/demand/fail/tend /offer/plan/pretend/threaten/ manage/expect/remain etc.
He threatened to expose the secret to the public.
In summer holiday, many students choose to stay at home, watching TV or playing video games.
在下列及物动词后一般可跟“疑问词+动词不定式”：advise, ask, decide, find out, instruct, know, forget, imagine, learn, observe, remember, tell, think, understand, wonder, etc.
I don’t know what to do.
The children are learning how to play the game.
句型: consider / find / think / make it + adj.+for sb. + to do sth.
I’ve made it a rule to make the best use of every minute.
Television makes it possible to get non-stop entertainment at home.
不定式作宾语时，可以用to或者to be代替整个短语，起到省略作用。
-- I’ll be away on business. Would you mind looking after my cat -- I will be glad to.
-- Are you keen on pop culture -- Not really. But I used to be.
介宾
介词but, except后可跟不定式作宾语，有时必须省”to”
Seeing the room crowded, I had no choice / no alternative but to stand in the back.
I could do nothing but stand in the back.
can’t but do sth. / can’t choose but do sth. / can’t help but do 不得不做...
I couldn’t choose but admire his ability to foresee what is likely to happen.
作表语
在be动词后面，表示尚未做的事情。
My mission / hope / aim / proposal / intention is to do sth.
All I did was to give him a little push.
The highway leading to the neighboring province is to be opened to traffic soon.
系动词 appear / seem / prove / turn out to do ...
The experiment turned out to be a failure.
作定语
用尚未发生的动作对名词进行修饰与限定
We will discuss the project at the meeting to be held this afternoon.
The tunnel to be opened next month will greatly ease the congestion in peak hours.
如果所修饰的名词中含有序数词，用动词不定式作定语。
Madam Curie was the first woman to teach in university in Europe.
表示存在...事情要做: have sth to do; there be sth to do
Everyone has a role to play in society.
The doctor will have a patient to operate on tomorrow.
There are 5 pairs of pants for you to choose from.
修饰名词，表示其功能、作用
water to drink饮用水; a man to send the letter送信人
We need a big room to store these books in .
=We need a big room in which to store books .
He is a nice companion to travel with .
He is a nice companion with whom to travel .
He is short of evidence to base his conclusion on.
He is short of evidence on which to base his conclusion .
动词、名词同源关系 ；如果同源动词加不定式作宾语 ，那么它的同源名词形式也加不定式作定语。
one's promise/plan/refusal/ability/ambition/attempt/decision/eagerness/failure/offer/readiness/ willingness. to do sth
I have made a promise to lend him the money and I can’t break it.
His ability to detect crucial clues was impressive .
5.作状语
动词不定式作目的、结果及原因状语。动词不定式作状语时，其想ま语必须与句主语保持一致
目的状语:to do./ in order to do. /so as to do.
He sets aside some money every month in order to help the elderly .
In order not to miss the due, he had to stay up late to write the term paper .
注意: so as to do...不放句首
结果状语:too…to do ; enough to do. .. ; so / such …as to do ;only to do… , never to do...，再也没…
He is too careless to notice that spelling mistake.
Would you so kind as to tell me the way to the post office
He hurried there, only to be told the train had gone
6.作补语:
1)challenge/cause/persuade/advise/force/order/lead/encourage/consider/allow/permit
forbid +sb /sth+to do
注意:1. hope, demand无此用法
2. 与 advise doing/permit doing/ allow doing/ forbid doing/ consider doing的区别
Greed for money led him to go astray .
The terrorist attack caused hundreds of innocent students to lose their lives.
2) arrange for/wait for/rely on/depend on/count on/call on/appeal to sb. to do sth.
Don't worry! I will arrange for a dentist to have your teeth examined right now.
We depend on a variety of natural forces, such as solar energy, to survive.
3) be said / believed / reported / announced / thought / found / expected… + to do
= It is said / believed / reported / announced / thought / found / expected… that + 句子
This infectious disease is said to have been wiped out many years ago.
= It is said that this infectious disease was wiped out many years ago.
4) 感官类动词：see / watch / observe / notice / witness / hear / listen to...+宾语+省略 “to” 的不定式，表示主动和动作全过程。
The students observed the chemistry teacher conduct the experiment.
5) make / have / let+宾语+省略“to”的不定式，表示让某人、某物做某事，主动。
You can lead a horse to the water, but can’t make it drink.
注意；第4，5两种情况中，一旦谓语动词是被动，省略“to”的不定式要还原。
He was made to apologize in public, though he shouldn’t be taken responsible.
He was seen to enter the building.
7. 独立主格结构
独立主格结构的效果相当于状语。但是逻辑主语与句子主语可以不一致。
1) 固定短语：to be sure / to be frank / to tell the truth / to be precise / to be exact / to be fair / to begin with / to start with
to sum up / to be short / to return to the topic / to make the matters worse
He overslept that morning, to make the matters worse, the subway he took was out of order and was closed.
To tell the truth, the product doesn’t function as well as it is advertised.
2) with+宾语+to do有.…要做（尚未发生）
With the tough problem to deal with, I was under great pressure.
8. 要点补充
1) 动词不定式在下列情况省略“to”
help sb. (to) do sth
why not do sth
can’t but do … / can’t choose but do … / can’t help but do …
介词but, except 后面加宾语时，前面有do, 后面无to。
make / have / let sb. / sth do
感官动词+sb. / sth. + do sth.
would rather do sth.
rather than do sth.
rather than so sth.
had better do sth / Better do sth.
It is better to do sth.
动词不定式的时态与语态
动河不定式的时态其实是与谓语动词做时间上的比较。
● 动词不定式的一般式: 表示的动作与谓语动词的动作是同时发生或将在其后发生的。
They are learning to sing and dance.
● 动不定式的进行式: 表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生,而且正在进行中。
The weather seems to be improving.
● 动词不定式的完定成式: 表示的动作发生在谓语的动作之前。
He pretended not to have seen me when passing by yesterday.
● 动词不定式的被动式:
I felt a little bit puzzled to be asked such a question.
I wish to be excused.
This book is intended to be read but not to be stored away.
不用被动的情况:
● sb. be to blame for ... 某人应该为某事而负责= blame sb. for
Speaking of the spoiled child , her father is to blame.
● 当作表语的某些形容词被动词不定式修饰时,动词不定式与句子主语之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系,动词不定式可以用主动式代替被动式。
fine, hard heavy, important, nice, painful, pleasant, possible, safe, simple, strange, difficult, easy. expensive, dangerous, convenient...
This problem is difficult to solve.
That book is easy to read.
动词不定式练习
Helen had to shout ________ above the sound or the music.
A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear
C. making herself D. to make herself heard
You were silly not ________ your car.
A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked
My advisor encouraged ________ a summer course to improve my writing skills.
A. for me taking B. me taking
C. for me to take D. me to take
I don't know whether you happen ________ that I' m going to study in the USA this September.
A. to be heard B. to be hearing C. to hear D. to have heard
The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ________ the film stars had left.
to tell B. to be told C. telling D.told
If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better ________ it --- you've got some big bills coming.
forget B. forgot C. forgetting D. to forget
The flu is believed ________ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat .
cause B. being caused C. to be caused D. to have
Robert is said ________, but I don’t know what country he studied in.
to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying
I’ve worked with child before, so I know what ________ in my new job.
A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expect
Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ________ whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen
It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows ________.
A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it
A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ________ in the kitchen.
A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked
With the plans she has considered ________, she will have no time to enjoy her Christmas holiday.
A. carrying out B. to carry out C. carried out D. carry out
That was so serious a matter that I had no choice but ________ the police.
A. called in B. calling in C. to call in D. call in
David threatened ________ his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid.
A. to be reported B. reporting C. to report D. having reported
________ as a candidate for the post of school principal, one must have at least five years of teaching experience.
Considered B. To be considered
C. Considering D. Having considered
It is the greatest happiness on earth ________.
A. loving and to be loved B. to love and being loved
C. to love and to be loved D. love and be loved
Now we could not do anything but ________ for him here.
A. waited B. waiting C. to wait D. wait
I don’t know her and I don’t ________.
A. want B. want to C. want it D. to want
—Why was the official meeting held —________ new officers.
A. Select B. Selecting C. To select D. For selecting
To learn to speak English well, ________.
A. much practice is needed B. one needs much practice
C. much practice is needed by one D. one is needed much practice
Tom kept quiet about accident ________ lose his job.
A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to
Sorry, I don’t have the key ________.
A. to open the door B. which to open the door with
C. for opening the door D. with which to open the door
With all the repairs and construction ________ in five years , Pudong Main Road will be able to handle much more traffic than it is now.
to complete B. completed C. complete D. completing
答案：
1-5 DBDDB 6-9ACAB 10-15 BCBBCC 16-20 BCDBC 21-24 BBDA
非谓语动词之动词不定式
I. 动词不定式基本概述
● 具有名词、形容词和副词的特征:可在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语。
● 动词不定式的形式: to do (主动＋一般现在时) to be done (被动＋一般现在时)
to be doing (主动+进行) 强调两个动作同时发生
to have done (主动＋完成) to have been done (被动＋完成)
● 注意: 1. 表示否定时，否定词放在整个动词不定式之前，即never to do…。
2. 有些情况下，动词不定式的“to”必须省略。
类别 例句 句中功能
不 定 式 Learning/ To learn English takes a lot of work. It takes a lot of work to learn English. 动名词和不定式在一些情况下可替换。 动名词强调泛指，不定式强调特指。 主语
The important thing is to save lives trapped in the mine. 表语
He pretended to be doing his homework when his mother came in. 宾语
The next train to arrive was from New York. 主谓关系 He gave the order to start the attack. 同位关系 定语
She is glad to play with the child. 原因 状语
He cupped his ear to hear / in order to hear/ so as to hear better. 目的
In 1980 he left his hometown never to return. 结果
Scientists advise us to have a balanced diet. 补语 主动：宾补 被动：主补
We saw him enter the hall. He was seen to enter the hall
To begin with, I do not like its color. 独立结构
II. 动词不定式具体用法
1. 作主语
To improve the traffic in Shanghai is a must. (must n. 必须要做的事 [c])
How to solve the problem will be discussed at the meeting.
句型：It is + n. / adj. + for/ of sb. to do sth.
It is a(n) pleasure/ pity/ honor to do sth.
It is important / possible/ necessary/ convenient/ inevitable/ urgent + (for sb. ) to do sth.
It is kind/ generous/courageous/brave/ right / wrong/ wise/ sensible/ foolish+ (of sb.) to do sth.
It is a pity for the company to have lost such a rare opportunity to promote the sales.
Is it convenient for you to commute to the workplace when you live in the suburb
It is courageous of a young girl to take on the burden of feeding the whole family.
2. 作宾语
动宾
下列动词加to do做宾语: afford/ agree/ refuse/ intend/ attempt/ choose / decide/ determine/demand/fail/tend /offer/plan/pretend/threaten/ manage/expect/remain etc.
He threatened to expose the secret to the public.
In summer holiday, many students choose to stay at home, watching TV or playing video games.
在下列及物动词后一般可跟“疑问词+动词不定式”：advise, ask, decide, find out, instruct, know, forget, imagine, learn, observe, remember, tell, think, understand, wonder, etc.
I don’t know what to do.
The children are learning how to play the game.
句型: consider / find / think / make it + adj.+for sb. + to do sth.
I’ve made it a rule to make the best use of every minute.
Television makes it possible to get non-stop entertainment at home.
不定式作宾语时，可以用to或者to be代替整个短语，起到省略作用。
-- I’ll be away on business. Would you mind looking after my cat -- I will be glad to.
-- Are you keen on pop culture -- Not really. But I used to be.
介宾
介词but, except后可跟不定式作宾语，有时必须省”to”
Seeing the room crowded, I had no choice / no alternative but to stand in the back.
I could do nothing but stand in the back.
can’t but do sth. / can’t choose but do sth. / can’t help but do 不得不做...
I couldn’t choose but admire his ability to foresee what is likely to happen.
作表语
在be动词后面，表示尚未做的事情。
My mission / hope / aim / proposal / intention is to do sth.
All I did was to give him a little push.
The highway leading to the neighboring province is to be opened to traffic soon.
系动词 appear / seem / prove / turn out to do ...
The experiment turned out to be a failure.
作定语
用尚未发生的动作对名词进行修饰与限定
We will discuss the project at the meeting to be held this afternoon.
The tunnel to be opened next month will greatly ease the congestion in peak hours.
如果所修饰的名词中含有序数词，用动词不定式作定语。
Madam Curie was the first woman to teach in university in Europe.
表示存在...事情要做: have sth to do; there be sth to do
Everyone has a role to play in society.
The doctor will have a patient to operate on tomorrow.
There are 5 pairs of pants for you to choose from.
修饰名词，表示其功能、作用
water to drink饮用水; a man to send the letter送信人
We need a big room to store these books in .
=We need a big room in which to store books .
He is a nice companion to travel with .
He is a nice companion with whom to travel .
He is short of evidence to base his conclusion on.
He is short of evidence on which to base his conclusion .
动词、名词同源关系 ；如果同源动词加不定式作宾语 ，那么它的同源名词形式也加不定式作定语。
one's promise/plan/refusal/ability/ambition/attempt/decision/eagerness/failure/offer/readiness/ willingness. to do sth
I have made a promise to lend him the money and I can’t break it.
His ability to detect crucial clues was impressive .
5.作状语
动词不定式作目的、结果及原因状语。动词不定式作状语时，其想ま语必须与句主语保持一致
目的状语:to do./ in order to do. /so as to do.
He sets aside some money every month in order to help the elderly .
In order not to miss the due, he had to stay up late to write the term paper .
注意: so as to do...不放句首
结果状语:too…to do ; enough to do. .. ; so / such …as to do ;only to do… , never to do...，再也没…
He is too careless to notice that spelling mistake.
Would you so kind as to tell me the way to the post office
He hurried there, only to be told the train had gone
6.作补语:
1)challenge/cause/persuade/advise/force/order/lead/encourage/consider/allow/permit
forbid +sb /sth+to do
注意:1. hope, demand无此用法
2. 与 advise doing/permit doing/ allow doing/ forbid doing/ consider doing的区别
Greed for money led him to go astray .
The terrorist attack caused hundreds of innocent students to lose their lives.
2) arrange for/wait for/rely on/depend on/count on/call on/appeal to sb. to do sth.
Don't worry! I will arrange for a dentist to have your teeth examined right now.
We depend on a variety of natural forces, such as solar energy, to survive.
3) be said / believed / reported / announced / thought / found / expected… + to do
= It is said / believed / reported / announced / thought / found / expected… that + 句子
This infectious disease is said to have been wiped out many years ago.
= It is said that this infectious disease was wiped out many years ago.
4) 感官类动词：see / watch / observe / notice / witness / hear / listen to...+宾语+省略 “to” 的不定式，表示主动和动作全过程。
The students observed the chemistry teacher conduct the experiment.
5) make / have / let+宾语+省略“to”的不定式，表示让某人、某物做某事，主动。
You can lead a horse to the water, but can’t make it drink.
注意；第4，5两种情况中，一旦谓语动词是被动，省略“to”的不定式要还原。
He was made to apologize in public, though he shouldn’t be taken responsible.
He was seen to enter the building.
7. 独立主格结构
独立主格结构的效果相当于状语。但是逻辑主语与句子主语可以不一致。
1) 固定短语：to be sure / to be frank / to tell the truth / to be precise / to be exact / to be fair / to begin with / to start with
to sum up / to be short / to return to the topic / to make the matters worse
He overslept that morning, to make the matters worse, the subway he took was out of order and was closed.
To tell the truth, the product doesn’t function as well as it is advertised.
2) with+宾语+to do有.…要做（尚未发生）
With the tough problem to deal with, I was under great pressure.
8. 要点补充
1) 动词不定式在下列情况省略“to”
help sb. (to) do sth
why not do sth
can’t but do … / can’t choose but do … / can’t help but do …
介词but, except 后面加宾语时，前面有do, 后面无to。
make / have / let sb. / sth do
感官动词+sb. / sth. + do sth.
would rather do sth.
rather than do sth.
rather than so sth.
had better do sth / Better do sth.
It is better to do sth.
动词不定式的时态与语态
动河不定式的时态其实是与谓语动词做时间上的比较。
● 动词不定式的一般式: 表示的动作与谓语动词的动作是同时发生或将在其后发生的。
They are learning to sing and dance.
● 动不定式的进行式: 表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生,而且正在进行中。
The weather seems to be improving.
● 动词不定式的完定成式: 表示的动作发生在谓语的动作之前。
He pretended not to have seen me when passing by yesterday.
● 动词不定式的被动式:
I felt a little bit puzzled to be asked such a question.
I wish to be excused.
This book is intended to be read but not to be stored away.
不用被动的情况:
● sb. be to blame for ... 某人应该为某事而负责= blame sb. for
Speaking of the spoiled child , her father is to blame.
● 当作表语的某些形容词被动词不定式修饰时,动词不定式与句子主语之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系,动词不定式可以用主动式代替被动式。
fine, hard heavy, important, nice, painful, pleasant, possible, safe, simple, strange, difficult, easy. expensive, dangerous, convenient...
This problem is difficult to solve.
That book is easy to read.
动词不定式练习
Helen had to shout ________ above the sound or the music.
A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear
C. making herself D. to make herself heard
You were silly not ________ your car.
A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked
My advisor encouraged ________ a summer course to improve my writing skills.
A. for me taking B. me taking
C. for me to take D. me to take
I don't know whether you happen ________ that I' m going to study in the USA this September.
A. to be heard B. to be hearing C. to hear D. to have heard
The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ________ the film stars had left.
to tell B. to be told C. telling D.told
If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better ________ it --- you've got some big bills coming.
forget B. forgot C. forgetting D. to forget
The flu is believed ________ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat .
cause B. being caused C. to be caused D. to have
Robert is said ________, but I don’t know what country he studied in.
to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying
I’ve worked with child before, so I know what ________ in my new job.
A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expect
Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ________ whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen
It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows ________.
A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it
A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ________ in the kitchen.
A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked
With the plans she has considered ________, she will have no time to enjoy her Christmas holiday.
A. carrying out B. to carry out C. carried out D. carry out
That was so serious a matter that I had no choice but ________ the police.
A. called in B. calling in C. to call in D. call in
David threatened ________ his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid.
A. to be reported B. reporting C. to report D. having reported
________ as a candidate for the post of school principal, one must have at least five years of teaching experience.
Considered B. To be considered
C. Considering D. Having considered
It is the greatest happiness on earth ________.
A. loving and to be loved B. to love and being loved
C. to love and to be loved D. love and be loved
Now we could not do anything but ________ for him here.
A. waited B. waiting C. to wait D. wait
I don’t know her and I don’t ________.
A. want B. want to C. want it D. to want
—Why was the official meeting held —________ new officers.
A. Select B. Selecting C. To select D. For selecting
To learn to speak English well, ________.
A. much practice is needed B. one needs much practice
C. much practice is needed by one D. one is needed much practice
Tom kept quiet about accident ________ lose his job.
A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to
Sorry, I don’t have the key ________.
A. to open the door B. which to open the door with
C. for opening the door D. with which to open the door
With all the repairs and construction ________ in five years , Pudong Main Road will be able to handle much more traffic than it is now.
to complete B. completed C. complete D. completing
答案：
1-5 DBDDB 6-9ACAB 10-15 BCBBCC 16-20 BCDBC 21-24 BBDA