课件46张PPT。阅读理解训练与解题方法--- 南京外国语学校
王前荣2008普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(江苏卷)说明(英语科)命题思路:
教育部2003年颁布的《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》的总体目标和分项目标
参照2008年《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(英语科)考试大纲》的要求
结合江苏省实施《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》的实际
按照江苏省2008年高等学校统一招生方案制定命题方案,确定考试内容与要求。2008普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(江苏卷)说明(英语科)考试内容及要求:
(二)语言运用
2.阅读
要求考生读懂
简易的英语文学作品、科普文章、公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问题。2008普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(江苏卷)说明(英语科)考生应能:
(1)理解语篇主旨大意;
(2)理解文中具体信息;
(3)根据上下文提供的线索推测生词的词义;
(4)作出简单的判断和推理;
(5)理解文章的基本结构;
(6)理解作者的观点、意图和态度;
(7)根据文中提供的信息用恰当的词语完成与短文相关的图表。2008普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(江苏卷)说明(英语科)考试形式及试卷结构
(三)试卷整体结构、题型、分值、时间分布等关于近几年高考阅读理解题命题特征:
1. 选材:
新颖, 贴近现代生活,注重语言文化和时尚色彩、话题覆盖面广、应用味道十足、涉及社会、能源、人生观与日常生活等方面。也正在尝试涉及 人文和心理领域,具有极强的社会性、突出了实用性与时代性、更具文化性和时效性。
2. 题材和体裁:
呈多元化态势。
题材特点:阅读材料更加原汁原味,文化含量加大,
文章更具英语语言的特点,还会涉及到
社会文化背景。
体裁: 议论文、新闻报道、记叙文、新闻时政、
科普类、人物传记、广告等关于近几年高考阅读理解题3. 试题设置与能力要求:
1)语篇结构复杂,有效信息深藏不露
2)细节考查题居多,另有主旨大意题、词义猜测题、推理判断题等
3)深层理解题增加, 加强了对篇章结构、作者写作意图、写作手法的考查。
4)加大了考生的思考分析能力的考查。
5) 加强了对考生人文知识、英语语言与文化的关系的要求。
6)阅读词汇总量:2157(15);2302(11)
阅读速度:每分钟60-70个词之间
生词率:不超过3%命题特征:事实细节题
目的:考查考生对文中具体信息的理解能力
策略:
1. 排序题: 首尾相连定位
2. 图文转换题:文字锁定
3. 数字换算题:选准数据、找出换算关系、确定计算方法、书面计算
4. 表格理解题:先读题干,再分析项目
5. 同义反义转换题:多种表达
6. 代词指代题:梳理逻辑关系主要题型及典型错误分析关于近几年高考阅读理解题
67. According to the Tour Itinerary, the route is ______.
A. South Rim→Guano Point→West Airport→Eagle Point→West Airport→South Rim
B. South Rim→West Airport→Guano Point→Eagle Point→West Airport→South Rim
C. South Rim→West Airport→Eagle Point→Guano Point→West Airport→South Rim
D. South Rim→West Airport→Eagle Point→West Airport→Guano Point→South Rim(07江苏)C. Experience the newly opened Grand Canyon (大峡谷) West Skywalk in Colorado. Departing from Grand Canyon’s South Rim by Airplane to Grand Canyon’s West Rim, you will land and take a ground tour to the Skywalk! Walk on air for 70 feet over the edge of Grand Canyon West.
This Skywalk has been open since March 28, 2007. Daily visitorship to the Skywalk has been over 4,000 people. Please be patient to enjoy your moment on the Skywalk.
After you have experienced the one and only Grand Canyon Skywalk Glass Bridge, you will return to the Grand Canyon West Airport and take your Airplane for a flight back to the South Rim of the Canyon. This is a tour never to be forgotten as you will have walked on air over the Grand Canyon.(07江苏)C.Tour Itinerary (行程)(07江苏)C.
67. According to the Tour Itinerary, the route is ______.
A. South Rim→Guano Point→West Airport→Eagle Point→West Airport→South Rim
B. South Rim→West Airport→Guano Point→Eagle Point→West Airport→South Rim
C. South Rim→West Airport→Eagle Point→Guano Point→West Airport→South Rim
D. South Rim→West Airport→Eagle Point→West Airport→Guano Point→South Rim(07江苏)C.○
65. The package fee does NOT cover the cost of
_______.(07江苏)C.○词义猜测题
文中线索:
对生词的定义常用标点符号分开,常用的有逗号、破折号和括号等
辅助词,如:that is; meaning; such as; or 等
前后语境中提供的反义,进行反推,如:not; but; although; however; on the other hand 等
个人阅历
生词前后内容
词后自带的解释
词后例句主要题型及典型错误分析关于近几年高考阅读理解题57. The underlined phrase “act as a deterrent to a thief” means ______.
A. help you recognize your bike
B. help the police find your bicycle
C. stop someone stealing your bicycle
D. stop you worrying about your bike
(07江苏)A. (07江苏)A. 57. The underlined phrase “act as a deterrent to a thief” means ______.
A. help you recognize your bike
B. help the police find your bicycle
C. stop someone stealing your bicycle
D. stop you worrying about your bike
(07江苏)A. ○主旨大意题
目的:考查考生通过阅读理解,总结归纳出文章中心思想的能力
策略:学会俯瞰全文,区分主要信息和次要信息。
找出主题句(topic sentence)
演绎法:文首
归纳法:文末
要求:中心思想(main idea):完整句子,全面准确
最佳题目(best topic):短语,概括性、引发读
者阅读兴趣关于近几年高考阅读理解题主要题型及典型错误分析63. Which would be the best title for this passage?
A. We’re Alone on the Internet.
B. We’re Communicating on the Internet.
C. We’re Alone Together on the Internet.
D. We’re in the Imaginary World of the Internet.(07江苏)B. Professor Barry Wellman of the University of Toronto in Canada has invented a term to describe the way many North Americans interact (互动) these days. The term is “networked individualism”. This concept is not easy to understand because the words seem to have opposite meanings. How can we be individuals (个体) and be networked at the same time? You need other people for networks.(07江苏)B. Here is what Professor Wellman means. Before the invention of the Internet and e-mail, our social networks included live interactions with relatives, neighbors, and friends. Some of the interaction was by phone, but it was still voice to voice, person to person, in real time.
A recent research study by the Pew Internet and American Life Project showed that for a lot of people, electronic interaction through the computer has replaced this person-to- person interaction. (07江苏)B.However, a lot of people interviewed for the Pew study say that’s a good thing. Why?
In the past, many people were worried that the Internet isolated (孤立) us and caused us to spend too much time in the imaginary world of the computer. But the Pew study discovered that the opposite is true.(07江苏)B.The Internet connects us with more real people than expected — helpful people who can give advice on careers, medical problems, raising children, and choosing a school or college. About 60 million Americans told Pew that the Internet plays an important role in helping them make major life decisions.
Thanks to the computer, we are able to be alone and together with other people — at the same time!(07江苏)B.63. Which would be the best title for this passage?
A. We’re Alone on the Internet.
B. We’re Communicating on the Internet.
C. We’re Alone Together on the Internet.
D. We’re in the Imaginary World of the Internet.(07江苏)B.○推理判断题
领悟隐含意义
逻辑推理
目的: 考查考生对作者的写作目的、立场态度、思想倾向以及逻辑关系作出合理推断的思维水平
策略: 仔细阅读短文,完整了解信息
准确把握设题基调
正确领会作者写作动机
切忌主观臆断主要题型及典型错误分析(07江苏)A. 59. The main purpose of this article is _________.
A. to tell you what to do if your bicycle is stolen
B. to suggest ways of keeping your bicycle safe
C. to give you advice on where to buy a good lock
D. to say why you shouldn’t keep your bicycle in a quiet place(07江苏)A.
Su Hua is studying at Cambridge, UK. She has bought a bicycle and is worried about security (安全). Her friend, Kate, found this article and sent it to her.(07江苏)A. (07江苏)A. (07江苏)A. 59. The main purpose of this article is _________.
A. to tell you what to do if your bicycle is stolen
B. to suggest ways of keeping your bicycle safe
C. to give you advice on where to buy a good lock
D. to say why you shouldn’t keep your bicycle in a quiet place○62. It can be inferred from the Pew study that _______.
A. people have been separated from each other by using computers
B. the Internet makes people waste a lot of time and feel very lonely
C. the Internet has become a tool for a new kind of social communication
D. a lot of people regard the person-to- person communication as a good thing(07江苏)B. A recent research study by the Pew Internet and American Life Project showed that for a lot of people, electronic interaction through the computer has replaced this person-to- person interaction. However, a lot of people interviewed for the Pew study say that’s a good thing. Why?
(07江苏)B. In the past, many people were worried that the Internet isolated (孤立) us and caused us to spend too much time in the imaginary world of the computer. But the Pew study discovered that the opposite is true.(07江苏)B.62. It can be inferred from the Pew study that _______.
A. people have been separated from each other by using computers
B. the Internet makes people waste a lot of time and feel very lonely
C. the Internet has become a tool for a new kind of social communication
D. a lot of people regard the person-to- person communication as a good thing(07江苏)B.○如何做好高考阅读理解题词汇量、阅读量和阅读质量。
阅读质量是表现一个人的阅读理解能力的综
合素质。质量的核心就是“理解”, 因此要加强句子结构的分析,准确理解复杂句或较长语句。
精读、泛读。
精读:从教材中的课文学习语言知识。
泛读:充分利用课外文章或试题中的文章,
每天两篇,周末一整套模拟(限时)如何做好高考阅读理解题速度:
1)词汇关、语法关
2)跳跃式阅读
3)限时阅读
查找事实或特定细节
1)数字计算必须写, 而不是仅仅心算。
2)重读文章相关部分, 细到每一个字。
3)注意反话正说、正话反说。
4)注意细心研读阅读题干和选项。深层理解题
判断:主题、中心思想、写作目的、
标题、段落大意、
作者的观点、 态度和写作方法。
推测:隐含寓意、起因、结论、预测未来。 如何做好高考阅读理解题小测试 A
There are warm tropical regions all over the globe, but only the Indians of the South American rain forests have formed the habit of sleeping in the open air. Long before they made acquaintance with Europeans, they had invented something that was unique on earth: the Hammock.
Nobody really knows who first had the bright idea of making sleeping in the air the symbol of untroubled rest. The Indians see the hammock as a “gift of heaven”, something given to them a very long ago.In it the Indians pass away hot noon hours, napping or chatting. Swinging it to and fro creates a cooling breath of air and keeps away insects. They work and play in hammocks, are born and die there.
Hung like a suspension bridge between heaven and earth, a hammock is dry while the soil is damp and is safe from most wild animals.
Hammocks have the advantage over beds in that they are easy to transport and take up very little space when they have been rolled up. Indians never go on a journey without their hammocks, not even to their plantations. (217)The passage is mainly about ________.
the Indian way of living
the habit of sleeping in tropical regions
Indian’s gift for the Europeans
a portable bed○A man named Walter Scott had the first “diner” in 1872. It wasn’t a real diner. It was only a food cart. People on the street walked up to the cart to buy food. These carts served late-night workers who wanted a cup of coffee and a late-night meal. The meal was a sandwich or boiled eggs. In 1887, Samuel Jones built the first diner big enough to allow the customers to come inside. However, they did not sit down. Later, people built diners with counters and stools, and people sat down while they ate.
Before long, many diners stayed open around the clock. Diners changed in other ways too. The original menu of sandwiches and coffee became bigger. It included soup, favorite dishes, and a breakfast menu. In addition diners became permanent buildings. They were no longer carts on streets. (142 words)According to the passage, diners changed in _______.
two ways
three ways
four ways
five ways○Q: My husband and I would like to spend five or six days in the Maldives. Could you suggest some low-priced hotels? We’ll be there in November.
A: Prices in the Maldives are high. The cheaper hotels (there aren’t many) might not be much to look at, with poor rooms and poor basic facilities, but they get their atmosphere from cheerful customers and an untidy, free island feel. Angana (South Ari Atoll, phone to 0011 960 450510), Asdu Sun Island (North Male Atoll, email info@asdu.com.mv) are both a bit like this.
You’ll be there in the low season (May to November), when it’s still warm, but there’s a greater likelihood of rain, so you should be able to get a double (standard) room with full board ( three meals a day) for $100 a night.
However, pricing structures for the hotels are enormously complex for standard, superior and luxurious rooms.
(203 words)If you spend your holiday in the Maldives in February, ______.
there’s a great likelihood of rain
the weather will probably be better than that of the low season
standard, superior and luxurious rooms are available
a standard room with full board will cost less than $100 a night○Secret of success“ …, you are certain to be a great man and you can do anything in life if you work hard enough to get it.”
“…telling me that no matter what those doctors said, I could walk again if I wanted to badly enough.
You may not have started out life in the best situation. But if you can find a task in life worth working for and believe in yourself, nothing can stop you.