短文改错题的解题技巧
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NMET中短文改错考点及解题技巧
(江苏省兴化市戴南高级中学 徐春所 邮编225721 e-mail: xcs619@163.com)
短文改错题是集各项语法规则和语言技能于一体的综合性试题。主要考查学生在篇章结构中综合运用语言知识的能力、理解的准确度及掌握的熟练程度。尽管短文本身文字难度不大，却是高考中得分较底的试题之一。考生往往顾此失彼，考虑不周。要想在高考中取得较高的得分，除了要有扎实的基本功，还应了解改错题的命题特点及解题技巧。
一. 了解改错题的命题特点
综观近几年高考短文改错题，命题形式有： “缺词”为1—2处；“多词”，一般为1-2处；“错词”为6处；“正确”为1处。
1、缺词。这种情况多见于冠词、小品词to、介词、助动词等虚词，且大都与前后词的搭配有关，最近几年高考考点如下表：
命题角度
考点
最近几年高考考点及解题思路
介词
惯用法
惯用法中是否漏了不可缺少的介词:
But I have spent mostΛmy money ,so I cannot…. Λof_ (NMET2004)
名词
冠词
名词前是否缺冠词:Each player must obey ∧ captain, who is the leader of the team. ∧the (NMET98)
不及物动词
介词
不及物动词后是否缺介词:
When I have free time I go ∧a long walk,…. ∧ for
不定式
小品词to
不定式中是否缺少了不该省略的to: …and will do they can∧ make sure that I get a good education. ∧to (NMET2001)
从句
连接词
从句是否缺连接词：In one class, I learned∧ it rained. ∧why (NMET2001春)
母语迁移
词类用法
将形容词、副词或者介词视作动词使原句缺少谓语:They∧ eager to know everything about China…. ∧ were (NMET96)
固定搭配
惯用法
惯用法中是否漏了不可缺少的词:Before my classmates, it seems always difficult for me to do things∧ well as them. ∧as (NMET2004)
2、多词。这种情况多见于冠词、介词、代词等。最近几年高考考点如下表：
命题角度
考点
最近几年高考考点及解题思路
名词
冠词
不可数名词前是否多了冠词I caught a sight of my English teacher. a (NMET2000)
动词
介词
及物动词后是否受汉语影响多了介词:
Can you tell me about what I should do? about (NMET2004)
The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese…in (NMET2003)
动词
谓语
前后谓语一致：I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day. should (NMET2003)
固定搭配
惯用法
固定搭配是否“画蛇添足” In any other words, I am an only child. any (NMET2001)
固定短语
反身代词的误用
固定搭配是否“画蛇添足”On Thursday I will have to decided what I want myself to do over … _ myself __ (NMET2004)
时间状语
介词
时间状语中是否多了介词We practice for three times every week. for (NMET98)
3、错词。错词类型繁多，包括冠词用法、名词单复数、动词的时态和语态、比较等级、介词运用、连词运用、固定搭配、上下文逻辑关系、用词是否恰当等等。最近几年高考考点如下表：
命题角度
考点
最近几年高考考点及解题思路
名词
冠词
判断名词前的冠词是否误用We may be one family and live under a same roof,…. the (NMET2001)
名词
名词的数
名词该用单数还是复数:
I’ll get good marks in all my subject. subjects (NMET2001)
…but after class we became stranger at once. strangers (NMET2004)
动词
时态、语态
结合上下文判断时态、语态是否有误:I remembered her words and calm down. calmed (NMET2000)
非谓语动词
V-ing. / 不定式
结合上下文判断非谓语动词是否误用:I was often a little tired after a day’s work and watch TV demands very little effort. watching (NMET99)
关系词
关系代词和副词及连词
关系代词和副词及连词是否误用:
…I live in Beijing, where is the capital. which (NMET97)
I felt so nervous as I shook like a leaf. that (NMET2000)
形容词、副词
词性及比较级的运用
形容词和副词是否混淆使用:
…I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together wonderful (NMET95)
Yes, a concert can be very excited. _exciting (NMET2004)
主谓一致
谓语动词
谓语动词数是否误用：Now the picture and prize is hanging in the library.
are (NMET2000)
连词
句法
并列连词、从属连词是否误用:She was smiling but nodding at me.
and (NMET2000)
二．掌握改错题的答题技巧：
做短文改错题可分三步走：第一步，浏览全文，理解大意。短文改错要以句子为单位而不是以行为单位，读到句号为止。要注意行首与行尾之间的关系，上下文之间的逻辑关系。第二步，先易后难，各个击破。在第一次阅读时，找出明显的错误。一些逻辑错误必须联系上下文才能发现，待对全文有了更进一步的了解之后，回头再做一遍，就会迅速找到错误所在。第三步，还原检查，查漏补缺。把改正后的词语放入短文中，再从头到尾看一遍，从语法、语义和逻辑关系等方面检查验证。掌握了这些解题技巧后，改错能力一定会明显提高。
注意符号的准确性。考生应根据试题的要求，使用规范的符号，以往很多考生因为使用符号不当而导致扣分，那是很可惜的。
在高考前进行一定量的短文改错练习，也是提高高考得分的一个很好手段。
三．短文改错精练精析：
A
On Thursday I will have to decided what I want myself to
76. _________
do over a weekend .I am thinking of making a trip
77. _________
to London, and visit the British Museum and some
78. _________
parks. But I have spent most my money, so I cannot
79. _________
even go out of town .I may go to a film, or a concert .
80. _________
Yes, a concert can be very excited .You can watch your
81. _________
stars while enjoying your favorite music .So then, a
82. _________
concert cost so much .I may just listen to music .I have
83. _________
some records giving to me as birthday gifts .If I listen
84. _________
to my own records, there are no need to spend money .
85. _________
All right. That’s what I’m going to do.
选自：（NMET2004第二卷）
keys:
On Thursday I will have to decided what I want myself to
76. _ myself __
do over a weekend .I am thinking of making a trip
77. ____the__
to London, and visit the British Museum and some
78. ___visiting__
parks .But I have spent mostΛmy money ,so I cannot
79. __Λof___
even go out of town .I may go to a film, or a concert .
80. ____√___
Yes, a concert can be very excited .You can watch your
81. __exciting_
stars while enjoying your favorite music .So then, a
82. ___But___
concert cost so much .I may just listen to music .I have
83. ___costs_
some records giving to me as birthday gifts .If I listen
84. __given__
to my own records, there are no need to spend money .
85. ___is____
All right. That’s what I’m going to do.
B
While traveled to Paris on a bus, I became very sick.
76. ____________
A well-dressed man on the bus helped me greatly .He
77. ____________
took me off bus ,finding out where the doctor’s office
78. ____________
was ,and took me there myself .The next day ,he came to
79. ____________
visit me .Unable speak French well ,I didn’t talk with
80. ____________
him very much .However ,even if we couldn’t talk ,but
81. ____________
we could communicate .I expressed my thank to him
82. ____________
to his great kindness ,and he showed his concern
83. ____________
for my healthy .Through this experience I have learned
84. ____________
that communication can take place without many actual
85. ____________
keys:
While traveled to Paris on a bus, I became very sick.
76.__traveling_______
A well-dressed man on the bus helped me greatly .He
77. ____√________
took me off bus ,finding out where the doctor’s office
78. ____found______
was ,and took me there myself .The next day ,he came to
79. ___himself______
visit me .Unable∧ speak French well ,I didn’t talk with
80. ___∧_to________
him very much .However ,even if we couldn’t talk ,but
81. ___but_________
we could communicate .I expressed my thank to him
82. ___thanks_______
to his great kindness ,and he showed his concern
83. ____for________
for my healthy .Through this experience I have learned
84. __health_______
that communication can take place without many actual
language at all.
85. ___much_______
c
When you are learning English ,you find foolish to
76. _______________
translate an English book ,word with word ,into your native
77. _______________
language .Take the sentence “How do you do ?”as a
78. _______________
example .If you look each word in the dictionary ,one at
79. _______________
a time ,what is your translation ?It may be a wrong sentence
80. _______________
in your language .languages don’t just have different in
81. _______________
sounds ;they are different in many ways ,It’s very important
82. _______________
to master the rules for word order in the study of the
83. _______________
English either .If the speaker outs words in a very unusual
84. _______________
order ,the listener can’t understand how he or she means .
85. _______________
Keys:
When you are learning English ,you findΛ foolish to
76. ____Λit________
translate an English book ,word with word ,into your native
77. _____for_______
language .Take the sentence “How do you do ?”as a
78. _____an________
example .If you look Λeach word in the dictionary ,one at
79. _Λup___________
a time ,what is your translation ?It may be a wrong sentence
80. ____√_________
in your language .languages don’t just have different in
81._difference______
sounds; they are different in many ways ,It’s very important
82. __sound________
to master the rules for word order in the study of the
83. __the__________
English, either .If the speaker outs words in a very unusual
84. _too____________
order ,the listener can’t understand how he or she means .
85. _what___________
D
Before man knew to write, clever men could pass on their
knowledge only to the people who could hear them to speak.
These listeners could repeat what they heard, and by memory
whatever they did not remember were lost. Writing changed
all of this. Writing knowledge lives on long after the lifetime
of the writer. Today we can use the information and knowledge
gathered thousands of years age. When people the first learned
to write, we began to record the stories they had already known
and liked. Among these was a special kind of story we calling
a fable today. A fable is a story that teach a lesson.
Keys:
Before man knewΛ to write, clever men could pass on their Λhow
knowledge only to the people who could hear them to speak. to
These listeners could repeat what they heard, and by memory but
whatever they did not remember were lost. Writing changed was
all of this. Writing knowledge lives on long after the lifetime Written
of the writer. Today we can use the information and knowledge _√_
gathered thousands of years age. When people the first learned the
to write, we began to record the stories they had already known they
and liked. Among these was a special kind of story we calling call
a fable today. A fable is a story that teach a lesson. teaches
(江苏省兴化市戴南高级中学 徐春所 邮编225721 e-mail: xcs619@163.com)
短文改错题是集各项语法规则和语言技能于一体的综合性试题。主要考查学生在篇章结构中综合运用语言知识的能力、理解的准确度及掌握的熟练程度。尽管短文本身文字难度不大，却是高考中得分较底的试题之一。考生往往顾此失彼，考虑不周。要想在高考中取得较高的得分，除了要有扎实的基本功，还应了解改错题的命题特点及解题技巧。
一. 了解改错题的命题特点
综观近几年高考短文改错题，命题形式有： “缺词”为1—2处；“多词”，一般为1-2处；“错词”为6处；“正确”为1处。
1、缺词。这种情况多见于冠词、小品词to、介词、助动词等虚词，且大都与前后词的搭配有关，最近几年高考考点如下表：
命题角度
考点
最近几年高考考点及解题思路
介词
惯用法
惯用法中是否漏了不可缺少的介词:
But I have spent mostΛmy money ,so I cannot…. Λof_ (NMET2004)
名词
冠词
名词前是否缺冠词:Each player must obey ∧ captain, who is the leader of the team. ∧the (NMET98)
不及物动词
介词
不及物动词后是否缺介词:
When I have free time I go ∧a long walk,…. ∧ for
不定式
小品词to
不定式中是否缺少了不该省略的to: …and will do they can∧ make sure that I get a good education. ∧to (NMET2001)
从句
连接词
从句是否缺连接词：In one class, I learned∧ it rained. ∧why (NMET2001春)
母语迁移
词类用法
将形容词、副词或者介词视作动词使原句缺少谓语:They∧ eager to know everything about China…. ∧ were (NMET96)
固定搭配
惯用法
惯用法中是否漏了不可缺少的词:Before my classmates, it seems always difficult for me to do things∧ well as them. ∧as (NMET2004)
2、多词。这种情况多见于冠词、介词、代词等。最近几年高考考点如下表：
命题角度
考点
最近几年高考考点及解题思路
名词
冠词
不可数名词前是否多了冠词I caught a sight of my English teacher. a (NMET2000)
动词
介词
及物动词后是否受汉语影响多了介词:
Can you tell me about what I should do? about (NMET2004)
The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese…in (NMET2003)
动词
谓语
前后谓语一致：I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day. should (NMET2003)
固定搭配
惯用法
固定搭配是否“画蛇添足” In any other words, I am an only child. any (NMET2001)
固定短语
反身代词的误用
固定搭配是否“画蛇添足”On Thursday I will have to decided what I want myself to do over … _ myself __ (NMET2004)
时间状语
介词
时间状语中是否多了介词We practice for three times every week. for (NMET98)
3、错词。错词类型繁多，包括冠词用法、名词单复数、动词的时态和语态、比较等级、介词运用、连词运用、固定搭配、上下文逻辑关系、用词是否恰当等等。最近几年高考考点如下表：
命题角度
考点
最近几年高考考点及解题思路
名词
冠词
判断名词前的冠词是否误用We may be one family and live under a same roof,…. the (NMET2001)
名词
名词的数
名词该用单数还是复数:
I’ll get good marks in all my subject. subjects (NMET2001)
…but after class we became stranger at once. strangers (NMET2004)
动词
时态、语态
结合上下文判断时态、语态是否有误:I remembered her words and calm down. calmed (NMET2000)
非谓语动词
V-ing. / 不定式
结合上下文判断非谓语动词是否误用:I was often a little tired after a day’s work and watch TV demands very little effort. watching (NMET99)
关系词
关系代词和副词及连词
关系代词和副词及连词是否误用:
…I live in Beijing, where is the capital. which (NMET97)
I felt so nervous as I shook like a leaf. that (NMET2000)
形容词、副词
词性及比较级的运用
形容词和副词是否混淆使用:
…I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together wonderful (NMET95)
Yes, a concert can be very excited. _exciting (NMET2004)
主谓一致
谓语动词
谓语动词数是否误用：Now the picture and prize is hanging in the library.
are (NMET2000)
连词
句法
并列连词、从属连词是否误用:She was smiling but nodding at me.
and (NMET2000)
二．掌握改错题的答题技巧：
做短文改错题可分三步走：第一步，浏览全文，理解大意。短文改错要以句子为单位而不是以行为单位，读到句号为止。要注意行首与行尾之间的关系，上下文之间的逻辑关系。第二步，先易后难，各个击破。在第一次阅读时，找出明显的错误。一些逻辑错误必须联系上下文才能发现，待对全文有了更进一步的了解之后，回头再做一遍，就会迅速找到错误所在。第三步，还原检查，查漏补缺。把改正后的词语放入短文中，再从头到尾看一遍，从语法、语义和逻辑关系等方面检查验证。掌握了这些解题技巧后，改错能力一定会明显提高。
注意符号的准确性。考生应根据试题的要求，使用规范的符号，以往很多考生因为使用符号不当而导致扣分，那是很可惜的。
在高考前进行一定量的短文改错练习，也是提高高考得分的一个很好手段。
三．短文改错精练精析：
A
On Thursday I will have to decided what I want myself to
76. _________
do over a weekend .I am thinking of making a trip
77. _________
to London, and visit the British Museum and some
78. _________
parks. But I have spent most my money, so I cannot
79. _________
even go out of town .I may go to a film, or a concert .
80. _________
Yes, a concert can be very excited .You can watch your
81. _________
stars while enjoying your favorite music .So then, a
82. _________
concert cost so much .I may just listen to music .I have
83. _________
some records giving to me as birthday gifts .If I listen
84. _________
to my own records, there are no need to spend money .
85. _________
All right. That’s what I’m going to do.
选自：（NMET2004第二卷）
keys:
On Thursday I will have to decided what I want myself to
76. _ myself __
do over a weekend .I am thinking of making a trip
77. ____the__
to London, and visit the British Museum and some
78. ___visiting__
parks .But I have spent mostΛmy money ,so I cannot
79. __Λof___
even go out of town .I may go to a film, or a concert .
80. ____√___
Yes, a concert can be very excited .You can watch your
81. __exciting_
stars while enjoying your favorite music .So then, a
82. ___But___
concert cost so much .I may just listen to music .I have
83. ___costs_
some records giving to me as birthday gifts .If I listen
84. __given__
to my own records, there are no need to spend money .
85. ___is____
All right. That’s what I’m going to do.
B
While traveled to Paris on a bus, I became very sick.
76. ____________
A well-dressed man on the bus helped me greatly .He
77. ____________
took me off bus ,finding out where the doctor’s office
78. ____________
was ,and took me there myself .The next day ,he came to
79. ____________
visit me .Unable speak French well ,I didn’t talk with
80. ____________
him very much .However ,even if we couldn’t talk ,but
81. ____________
we could communicate .I expressed my thank to him
82. ____________
to his great kindness ,and he showed his concern
83. ____________
for my healthy .Through this experience I have learned
84. ____________
that communication can take place without many actual
85. ____________
keys:
While traveled to Paris on a bus, I became very sick.
76.__traveling_______
A well-dressed man on the bus helped me greatly .He
77. ____√________
took me off bus ,finding out where the doctor’s office
78. ____found______
was ,and took me there myself .The next day ,he came to
79. ___himself______
visit me .Unable∧ speak French well ,I didn’t talk with
80. ___∧_to________
him very much .However ,even if we couldn’t talk ,but
81. ___but_________
we could communicate .I expressed my thank to him
82. ___thanks_______
to his great kindness ,and he showed his concern
83. ____for________
for my healthy .Through this experience I have learned
84. __health_______
that communication can take place without many actual
language at all.
85. ___much_______
c
When you are learning English ,you find foolish to
76. _______________
translate an English book ,word with word ,into your native
77. _______________
language .Take the sentence “How do you do ?”as a
78. _______________
example .If you look each word in the dictionary ,one at
79. _______________
a time ,what is your translation ?It may be a wrong sentence
80. _______________
in your language .languages don’t just have different in
81. _______________
sounds ;they are different in many ways ,It’s very important
82. _______________
to master the rules for word order in the study of the
83. _______________
English either .If the speaker outs words in a very unusual
84. _______________
order ,the listener can’t understand how he or she means .
85. _______________
Keys:
When you are learning English ,you findΛ foolish to
76. ____Λit________
translate an English book ,word with word ,into your native
77. _____for_______
language .Take the sentence “How do you do ?”as a
78. _____an________
example .If you look Λeach word in the dictionary ,one at
79. _Λup___________
a time ,what is your translation ?It may be a wrong sentence
80. ____√_________
in your language .languages don’t just have different in
81._difference______
sounds; they are different in many ways ,It’s very important
82. __sound________
to master the rules for word order in the study of the
83. __the__________
English, either .If the speaker outs words in a very unusual
84. _too____________
order ,the listener can’t understand how he or she means .
85. _what___________
D
Before man knew to write, clever men could pass on their
knowledge only to the people who could hear them to speak.
These listeners could repeat what they heard, and by memory
whatever they did not remember were lost. Writing changed
all of this. Writing knowledge lives on long after the lifetime
of the writer. Today we can use the information and knowledge
gathered thousands of years age. When people the first learned
to write, we began to record the stories they had already known
and liked. Among these was a special kind of story we calling
a fable today. A fable is a story that teach a lesson.
Keys:
Before man knewΛ to write, clever men could pass on their Λhow
knowledge only to the people who could hear them to speak. to
These listeners could repeat what they heard, and by memory but
whatever they did not remember were lost. Writing changed was
all of this. Writing knowledge lives on long after the lifetime Written
of the writer. Today we can use the information and knowledge _√_
gathered thousands of years age. When people the first learned the
to write, we began to record the stories they had already known they
and liked. Among these was a special kind of story we calling call
a fable today. A fable is a story that teach a lesson. teaches