2022年中考语法知识专项复习之名词课件（34张PPT）

(共34张PPT)
中考语法知识专项复习之
名词
中考考点解读
中考名词总复习
一
三
二
名词的数
名词词义的辨析
名词所有格
中考链接
听填信息， 语法选择，
完形填空，短文填空
四
名词
1. We toured the city by bus and by taxi. (九下 Module 1)
2. We took a tour by coach to the Summer Palace. (九下 Module 1)
3. Our coach is pleased because we are playing better
as a team now. (八上 Module 3)
名词的概念：
用来表示各种各样的人和事物名称的词就是名词。
名词的范围：
人称、具体事物、抽象事物、时间、地点、方向等。
名词的作用：
名词有可数与不可数之分，有数和所有格的变化，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、同位语等。
名 词
定义：
表示人、事、物、地方、现象及其他抽象概念名称的词。
作用：
在句充当________, ________,
________，___________
主语
宾语
表语
宾语补足语
名词
分类
专有名词：
可数名词{
{
物质名词
抽象名词
个体名词
集体名词
不可数名词{
（如：Tom、China、 the United States)
指表示具体的人、事物、地点、团体、机构或国家等专有名称的词。第一个字母要大写（如：Lucy、China）
(teacher、table)
(police、family)
(water、bread)
(happiness、joy)
普通名词
{
名词的数
{
不可数名词
可数名词
{
单数
复数
{
规则变化
不规则变化
名 词
写出下列名词的复数
1.jacket
2.dish
3.city
4.boy
5.knife
6.tomato
考点一：可数名词的单复数
jackets
dishes
cities
boys
knives
tomatoes
可数名词变复数的规则变化：
1.一般情况下，在词尾加s
2.以s,x, ch, sh结尾的加es
3.以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i再加es;
以元音字母+y结尾的，直接加s.
4.以f 或fe结尾的，把f 或fe变为v再加es.
初中阶段的还有： thief, leaf, shelf, half, self
特殊的有:roof/giraffe +s scarf– scarfs/scarves
5.以o结尾的，有生命的（动植物）加es;
无生命的加s.
特殊的有: kangaroo/ bamboo 加s
考点一：可数名词的单复数
1. man ________ woman ________
归纳：
特殊的：humans Germans Romans
2.foot_________ tooth________ goose________
归纳：
3.特殊：child_________ mouse ________
4.单复数同形：
men
women
feet
teeth
geese
children
mice
将a 变e 即可变复数；
将oo变ee即可变复数；
sheep, deer, fish, Chinese, Japanese
可数名词变复数不规则变化：
5. 国人复数：
Frenchman_________ Englishman_________
Chinese__________ Japanese____________
American Australian Russian Indian
German
口诀：
Frenchmen
Englishmen
Chinese
Japanese
s
s
s
s
s
英法人们a变e， 中日人们不用变，其余后面加s.
1.The trousers _______(be) my brother’s.
2.There ______ (be) a pair of socks on the desk.
3.There____(be) two pairs of shoes on the ground.
are
is
are
通常用复数形式的词：
trousers（裤子）, glasses（眼镜）, shoes（鞋子）,
sunglasses(太阳镜)，stockings(长袜),socks（短袜）, gloves（手套）, jeans（牛仔裤）, pants（裤子）, shorts（短裤）
这些名词可单独作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，
但被…pair of/pairs of 修饰时，谓语动词的形式取决于pair的形式。
【现学现用】
police ,people, family (家人,表“家庭”时为单数概念)
Look at those _____ in the boats! (people)
people
a police ( )
a policeman / a policewoman ( )
一名警察：
一个人：
a people ( )
a person ( )
Her family___(be) moving to Liaoning next week.
Her family___(be) having dinner now.
is
are
表示复数概念的名词有：
×
√
×
√
如果要表达单数形式则要使用其他名词。
Maths ____ a very interesting subject. (be)
This news ____ very important. (be)
news, physics, maths, politics,the United States
以s结尾但不是复数的名词：
is
is
它们做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
【现学现用】
不规则名词复数形式的构成
规则 例词
改变单数名词中的元音字母
foot→feet; tooth→teeth; man→men；
woman→women; policeman→policemen; policewoman→policewomen;
Englishman→Englishmen
单复数同形
sheep; deer; Chinese ;Japanese;
只有复数形式
trousers; glasses; clothes; people; pants
其 他
mouse→mice; child→children
考点二 名词的辨析
1.I’m a little hungry now. I only drank some ________ before I came to school.
A. bread B. milk C. banana D. noodle
2.Our teachers usually give us many ________ on how to face difficulties and challenges.
A. suggestions B. advice
C. answers D. questions
完形填空
B
A
要求考生在备考阶段熟记课本单词，同时不断扩充自己的词汇量。
考点三 名词的所有格
1．构成
(1)有生命的名词所有格的构成方法：
　　①一般情况下在名词后加“'s”。
　　迈克的小汽车 ______________________
　　②以s结尾的复数名词只在其后加“'”。
　　教师节 ____________________
　　③不以s结尾的复数名词，直接在词尾加“'s” 。
　　　　儿童节 ____________________
(2)无生命的名词的所有格一般由“of＋表示无生命的物体的名词”构成。
　　　　一张中国地图 ____________________
Mike's car
Teachers' Day
Children's Day
a map of China
考点四 名词的固定搭配
to one’s surprise令某人惊奇的是
as time goes by随着时间的流逝
different kinds of…不同种类的……
in silence沉默地，无声地
the number of………的数量
at the age of…在……岁时
by the way顺便说一下
to tell you the truth实话说
a couple of两个，几个，一对
ask sb. for help 向某人寻求帮助
pay attention to 关注，注意
have a talk with… 和……交谈
play a part/role in 参与，在……中起作用
keep one’s promise 遵守诺言
take pride in 以……为傲
take care of 照顾
take place 发生
try one’s best 尽某人最大的努力
考点二 名词的辨析
1.I’m a little hungry now. I only drank some ________ before I came to school.
A. bread B. milk C. banana D. noodle
2.If you want to be a doctor like Zhong Nanshan, hard work is the key to 　　　　.
A.treasure　 B.beauty　 C.success　 D.health
3.Mike, a 7-year-old boy, has a great talent for 　　　　 . He can draw nice pictures though he has never learned it.
A.art　 B.sport　 C.music　 D.science
完形填空
B
C
要求考生在备考阶段熟记课本单词，同时不断扩充自己的词汇量。
A
考点三 名词的所有格
1．构成
(1)有生命的名词所有格的构成方法：
　　①一般情况下在名词后加“'s”。
　　迈克的小汽车 ______________________
　　②以s结尾的复数名词只在其后加“'”。
　　教师节 ____________________
　　③不以s结尾的复数名词，直接在词尾加“'s” 。
　　　　儿童节 ____________________
注：若表示几个人共有一样东西，只需在最后一个人的名字后加’s,
如：This is Tom and Bob’s room.
　　若表示各自所有，则需在各个名字后加’s，
如：These are Tom’s and Bob’s rooms.
(2)无生命的名词的所有格一般由“of＋表示无生命的物体的名词”构成。
　　　　 一张中国地图 ____________________
Mike's car
Teachers' Day
Children's Day
a map of China
根据所给单词的正确形式填空：
1. I know one of the . (boy)
2. Mr. Brown is wearing a pair of . (glass)
3. Please give them their . (photo)
4. Are there any in the box (watch)
5. Look at those in the boats! (people)
6. Look! The are singing. (woman)
7. September 10th is Day. (teacher)
8. Jim has some . (knife)
9. My school is twenty ________ walk from here. (minute)
10.I often go to work on . (foot)
boys
glasses
photos
watches
people
women
Teachers’
knives
minutes’
foot
中考链接
听填信息
2020年中考题
26.colorful/colourful 形容词
27.book reports 名词
28.(the morning of )August 数词
29.beautiful 形容词
30.discussion 名词
( )1.(2021广东,语法选择)People could enjoy the scenery (风景) and watch 　36　 there.
A. bird B. birds C. bird’s D. birds’
( )2.(2020广州,语法选择)The bandit takes one book and shouts, “Next time I want 　9　!”
A.some money　 B.any money　
C.some moneys　 D.any moneys
A
B
语法选择
( )3. Katherine was excited to receive a dozen of roses from her husband on Day.(2014广东)
A. Woman B. Women
C. Woman’s D. Women’s
D
2.(2020广东)As years went by, Mr.Smith was bored of his look…In the next few weeks, Mr.Smith’s interest in his 　46　 kept growing.He bought new eyes, new hands and new feet.
46.A.shape B.age C.life D.look
完形填空
D
词汇复现法
1.(2021广东)For one, he wrote,“My sister says I act like an alien (外星人).” Sam also said he had watched almost all the 　45 　 movies he could find. His last sentence may touch people’s hearts:“I am young, so I can learn to think like an alien.”
45. A. war B. road C. space D. sports
C
语境推断法
1.(2021广东,短文填空)Lao Pan’s new book includes his forty-seven 73.　 　 to his family back in America.The letters show China’s development in different periods.
2.(2020广东,短文填空)One morning Jane saw some elder kids selling lemon juice by the street.They wanted to raise
70. to help their friends.Then she came up with an
71.　 　.
3.(2019广东,短文填空)In the village, there were many paintings of 75.　 　, such as cats and birds.
　animals　
　idea　
　letters　
　money　
短文填空
Chinese people in different areas celebrated the 　1　 in a number of different 　2　. A flag-raising ceremony was held in Hong Kong and Macao. A dragon boat race was held in Guangxi. A light show was held in Qingdao and New York. A lot of people went to the cinema to see My People, My Country. All Chinese people celebrated the National Day to express their 　3　 for the motherland. ( D )1.A.national Day B.national day C.National day D.National Day( B )2.A.way B.ways C.way’s D.ways’( A )3.A.love B.loves C.lovely D.loving
语法选择
( )1. A. a B. an C. the D. /
( )2. A. when B. which C. who D. why
( )3. A. show B. showed
C. will show D. was showing
( )4. A. bring B. brought
C. were brought D. are brought
( )5. A. in B. at C. for D. with
( )6. A. so B. and C. but D. or
( )7. A.What B. How C. What a D. How a
( )8. A. travel B. to travel
C. travelling D. to travelling
( )9. A. she B. her C. hers D. herself
( )10. A. small B. smaller C. smallest D. the smallest
A
A
B
C
A
B
B
C
B
B
When I was in primary school, I fell in love with reading. The books 1 me to a wonderful world. The more I read , the more I wanted to know. However, my parents 2 afford so many books. I had to solve the problem myself.There was a bookshop near my home. One day I walked into 3 shop and picked up a book. I didn't now whether 4 there without buying any books. 5 sure I wasn't noticed, I just read a few pages and then put it back. Luckily, 6 noticed me. After that, I went there to read every day. Several days later, while I was reading, the owner came up and asked, " Do you like reading " I looked down and replied nervously，“Yes.”“Don't worry," he said with a smile." You may read books here 7 you help me clean the shop. "I felt surprised,"Really It's so kind of you!" I was very happy that I 8 to read there. From then on, I spent a little time cleaning the shop. After that, I quietly read there. That way, I read lots of books. I became one of 9 students in our school. I even won some prizes in writing. Now studying in high school, I can borrow books 10 the library. My hobby of reading is kept. I believe it will make a big difference to my life.( )1.A.brought B.are bringing C. bring D.have brought ( )2.A.couldn't B.mustn't C.needn't D.shouldn't ( )3.A.a B.an C.the D./ ( )4.A.can I read B. I can read C.could I read D.I could read ( )5.A.Make B.To make C.Making D. Made ( )6.A.somebody B.nobody C.everybody D.anybody ( )7.A.if B.although C.whether D.unless ( )8.A.will allow B.will be allowed C.allowed D.was allowed ( )9.A.best B. the best C.better D.well ( )10.A.to B.for C.with D.from
1-5：AACDB 6-10:BADBD
Grandpa moved in with us when I was 9. He came to Canada from China. I knew little about Chinese and couldn't 1 much Chinese to him, but it didn't matter.One way we became close was over 2 game called Monopoly (《大富翁》). He didn't really understand the rules, so I had to explain the rules to him. we always had a great 3 when we played the game.Many years 4 ,I have my own family. I think of Grandpa when I play games with my sons. Honestly speaking, I don't care if I win or 5 these games. It is more important to spend time with my children and understand 6 interests.I always remember how excited my kids are when they explain the 7 of those games to me. I imagine it’s like how Grandpa felt when he played Monopoly with me. Grandpa went 8 walks every day. He also enjoyed sitting on the sofa and looking out of the window. I often thought he was bored. 9 as I grow older, I find peace in taking moments to look out of a window. It is really great, One of my biggest regrets is not spending more time with Grandpa. On the night he passed away, I felt very 10 .From my grandfather, I learnt that we should enjoy simple pleasure in life.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
1. speak 2.a 3.time 4.later 5.lose 6.their 7.rules 8.for 9.But 10.sad
summary
考点一：可数名词的单复数
可数名词变复数的规则变化
可数名词变复数不规则变化
通常用复数形式的词
表示复数概念的名词有
以s结尾但不是复数的名词
考点三 名词的所有格
考点二 名词的辨析
(1)有生命的名词所有格的构成方法
(2)无生命的名词的所有格构成方法
Self-assessment(自我评价)
明白名词的概念、用途
熟记可数名词复数、名词所有格的变化规则
了解怎样进行名词辨析
中考真题的思考方式
How well do you think of your performances
名词
分类
专有名词：
可数名词{
{
物质名词
抽象名词
个体名词
集体名词
不可数名词{
（如：Tom、China、 the United States)
指表示具体的人、事物、地点、团体、机构或国家等专有名称的词。第一个字母要大写（如：Lucy、China）
(teacher、table)
(police、family)
(water、bread)
(happiness、joy)
普通名词
{
名词的数
{
不可数名词
可数名词
{
单数
复数
{
规则变化
不规则变化
名 词
homework
choice1：
中考解读p7-8真题链接
choice2：
中考解读p9短文填空
Thank you