译林版（2020） 选择性必修第一册 Unit 1 Food Matters 词汇详解课件（68张）

(共68张PPT)
牛津英语单元词汇详解
选择性必修一
Unit 1 Food matters
1. mood /mu d/ n. 情绪，心情；气氛，氛围 (2)
2. combination / k mb ne n/ n. 结合体，联合体；联合，混合 (2)
【原句背诵】
Whenever I feel lonely, I have a secret recipe that never fails: rice, milk and sugar, cooked low and slow. No matter how bad my mood is, that perfect combination is always enough to lift my spirits.
【联想拓展】
in a good mood 心情好，好心情
in a bad mood 心情不好；处在不好的情绪中
in the/no mood for adj. （没）有情绪去做…
moody adj. dj. 情绪不好的，脾气坏的；喜怒无常的，情绪多变的
in combination with 与…结合，与…联合
combine v. （使）结合，组合；（使）化合；合并 n. 联盟，联合体；联合收割机
combine A and/with B 组合，联合；融合；同时做
【经典例句】
She's in a good mood today (= happy and friendly) . 她今天心情很好。
He was in no mood for being polite to visitors. 他当时没心思以礼待客。
The movie captures the mood of the interwar years perfectly. 这部电影恰如其分地捕捉到了两次世界大战中间那些年的氛围。
His treatment was a combination of surgery, radiation and drugs. 对他的治疗是把手术、放射和药物治疗结合为一体。
What an unusual combination of flavours! 多么与众不同的混合风味啊！
The firm is working on a new product in combination with several overseas partners. 这家公司与几家海外合伙人在联合开发新产品。
Hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water. 氢与氧化合成水。
Hydrogen combines with oxygen to form water. 氢与氧化合成水。
They have successfully combined the old with the new in this room. 他们在这个房间里成功地把古老和现代的风格融为一体。
You should try to combine exercise with a healthy diet. 你应该把锻炼和健康饮食结合起来。
【链接高考】
（2012湖北卷）In that sort of mood, who can get down to work, particularly some creative, original problem-solving work 在这种心情下，谁能认真工作，特别是一些创造性的、独创的解决问题的工作
（2019全国卷III）After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination. 在进行了数百次测试后，研究人员注意到，猴子有超过一半的时间会选择更高的值，这表明它们是在进行计算，而不仅仅是记住每个组合的值。
（2018江苏卷）But now, with the combination of a better price point and a generally fresher product, they can stay in business. 但现在，有了更好的价格和更新鲜的产品，他们可以继续经营下去。
3. do the trick 奏效，起作用，达到目的 (2)
4. creamy / kri mi/ adj. 含奶油的；像奶油的，光滑细腻的；淡黄色的 (2)
5. flavour / fle v (r)/ (AmE flavor) n. 味，味道；特点，特色 vt. 给…调味，
加味于 (2)
【原句背诵】
Sometimes the smell alone can do the trick, not to mention the lovely creamy flavour, which works like a time machine immediately transporting me back to my sunny childhood.
【经典例句】
Delicious omelets made to order, fresh fruit and chilled white wine would certainly do the trick. 美味的煎蛋卷，新鲜的水果和冷冻的白酒就能取得良好的效果。
These pills should do the trick. You'll feel much better in no time.
这些药应该管用,很快你就会觉得好多了.
This yoghurt has a deliciously creamy flavour. 这种酸奶有可口的奶油味道。
This yogurt comes in ten different flavours. 这种酸奶有十种不同的味道。
Lime preserved in salt is a North African speciality which is used to flavour chicken
dishes. 用盐腌的酸橙是用来给鸡肉调味的一种北非特产。
6. greedily / ɡri d li/ adv. 贪婪地，贪心地 (2)
【原句背诵】
With pleasure, I remember the lazy Sunday afternoons I used to spend in the warmth of my grandma’s flat, listening to her wonderful stories and greedily eating bowl after bowl of her delicious rice pudding.
【联想拓展】
greed n. 贪婪，贪欲；贪食，贪吃
greedy adj. 贪婪的，贪心的；贪吃的，嘴馋的；渴望的
【经典例句】
Laurie ate the pastries greedily and with huge enjoyment.
劳里十分快乐而贪婪地吃着那些糕点。
She at once made herself a salad of it, and ate it greedily.
她立刻给自己做了一份沙拉，狼吞虎咽地吃了起来。
Nothing would satisfy her greed for power. 她对权力贪得无厌。
I had another helping of ice cream out of pure greed. 我纯粹是因为嘴馋贪吃，又
吃了一份冰激凌。
The shareholders are greedy for profit. 股东们都利欲熏心。
He stared at the diamonds with greedy eyes. 他眼巴巴地盯着这些钻石。
7. gently / d entli/ adv. 轻柔地，温和地 (2)
8. dessert /d z t/ n.（饭后）甜点，甜食 (2)
【原句背诵】
I take my time over every spoonful, gently rolling the silky dessert around my mouth and enjoying the perfect marriage of rice and milk. Before I know it, I’m happy again.
【联想拓展】
gentle adj. 文静的，温柔的；轻柔的；平缓的
gentleness n. 温顺；亲切；高贵；彬彬有礼
【警示误区1】注意从gentle到gently的词形变化！
【警示误区2】注意dessert和desert的区别！
【经典例句】
She held the bird gently in cupped hands. 她双手轻轻地捧着那只小鸟。
She had homemade ice cream for dessert. 她吃了些自制冰淇淋当餐后甜点。
【链接高考】
（2019江苏卷）Steve moved to the piano and sat at the bench, hands trembling as he gently placed his fingers on the keys. 史蒂夫走到钢琴前，坐在长凳上，双手颤抖着，轻轻地把手指放在琴键上。
（2018全国卷II）If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. 如果你有一台榨汁机，你可以简单地放入冷冻香蕉和一些浆果或切片水果。 一道“软质”奶油甜点端上来，马上就可以吃。
（2018天津卷）In another restaurant, all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3D-printed, rather than farm to table. 在另一家餐厅，所有的菜肴和甜点都是3d打印的，而不是从农场送到餐桌上。
9. association / s si e n; s i e n/ n. 联想，联系；协会，社团；联合，交往 (2)
【原句背诵】
In this article, we will talk about a particular type of comfort food whose power mainly lies in the associations it calls to mind.
【联想拓展】
in association with 与…相联系；与…联合
the Football Association 足球协会
a residents' association 居民联合会
associate v. 联想，联系；支持，同意；交往 n. 同事，伙伴；副职，副手；联想 adj. 副的，准的，联合的，有关连的
associate sb/sth (with sb/sth) 联想；联系
associative adj. 联想的；联合的；组合的
associator n. 会员；社员；伙伴
【经典例句】
They have maintained a close association with a college in Germany. 他们和德国一所学院保持了密切联系。
The book was published in association with (= together with) British Heritage. 这本书是与英国传统出版社联合出版的。
She became famous through her association with the group of poets. 她通过与这些诗人交往而成名。
The seaside had all sorts of pleasant associations with childhood holidays for me. 海滨使我联想起童年假期的各种愉快情景。
【链接高考】
（2019北京卷）Want to explore new cultures，meet new people and do something worthwhile at the same time You can do all the three with Global Development Association(GDA).想要探索新的文化，认识新的人，同时做一些有意义的事情 你可以通过全球发展协会(GDA)做到这三件事。
（2014上海卷）Researchers at the University of Barcelona gave people a questionnaire called the Implicit Association Test, which measures the strength of people's associations between, for instance, black people and adjectives such as good, bad, athletic or awkward.巴塞罗那大学的研究人员给了人们一份名为“内隐联想测试”(Implicit Association Test)的问卷，用来衡量人们在诸如“好”(good)、“坏”(bad)、“运动的”(athletic)或“笨拙的”(awkward)等形容词之间的联想强度。
10. vary / ve ri/ vi.（根据情况）变化，变更；相异，不同 vt. 变更，改
变 (2)
【原句背诵】
Our comfort foods are highly individual. They vary from person to person, depending on our own unique experiences that have shaped our lives.
【联想拓展】
vary (in sth) （大小、形状等）相异，不同，有别
vary (with sth)/vary (from sth to sth)/vary (between A and B) （根据情况）变化，变更，改变
varied adj. 各种各样的，形形色色的；多变的；杂色的
various adj. 各种各样的；迥异的，千差万别的
variable adj. 易变的，多变的；时好时坏的；可变的，可调节的
variation n. 变化，变动；变奏曲；变化，变异
variety n. 多样化，变化；种类，品种；（人或物的）各式各样；综艺表演，杂耍表演
【警示误区】vary的现在分词是varying；其过去式和过去分词分别是varied, varied。
【反义词】varying的反义词是unvarying adj. 恒久的，不变的
【经典例句】
As the products are handmade, each one varies slightly.
由于产品是手工制作的，每一件都会略有不同。
Prices vary according to the type of room you require. 价格随所要求的户型而有所变化。
Children vary considerably in the rate at which they learn these lessons.
孩子们学习这些课的速度差别相当大。
The text varies from the earlier versions. 这一文本有别于那些早期的版本。
New techniques were introduced with varying degrees of success. 引进新技术的成功程度不尽相同。
【链接高考】
（2016浙江卷）The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation.八卦的影响因场合而异。
（2020天津卷）Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. 伽利略不仅仅是雄心勃勃，他从比萨斜塔上扔下不同重量的物体，并计算它们落地的时间。
11. link /l k/ vt. 联系，相关联；把…连接起来 n. 联系，连接；关系，纽
带；链接 (3)
12. emotion / m n/ n. 情感，强烈的感情，激情，情绪 (3)
【原句背诵】
If we grow up eating certain foods in our family, then those foods tend to be linked with positive emotions.
【联想拓展】
link up 会合；连接；联系
link with 与……有关；与……相连接
link up with 与…连接起来
be linked to 与…连接；与…有关联/联系
a link (between A and B)/ (with sth) 联系；连接；关系；纽带
emotional adj. 情感的，情绪的；激动人心的，有感染力的
emotionally adv. 感情上；情绪上；令人激动地；情绪冲动地
emotional intelligence 情绪智力；情商；情绪智商
【经典例句】
There is evidence for a strong causal link between exposure to sun and skin cancer. 证据表明太阳曝晒与皮肤癌之间有紧密因果关系。
Social customs provide a vital link between generations. 社会风俗在代与代之间起到了极其重要的纽带作用。
The Channel Tunnel links Britain with the rest of Europe. 英吉利海峡隧道把英国和欧洲其他国家连接起来了。
When computers are networked, they are linked together so that information can be transferred between them. 计算机联网连接，彼此可互传信息。
Detectives have linked the break-in to a similar crime in the area last year. 侦探认为这起入室盗窃案与去年此地区一类似案件有关。
What are the possible links between facial expressions and emotion
面部表情和情绪之间可能存在哪些联系？
He lost control of his emotions. 他情绪失去了控制。
They expressed mixed emotions at the news. 他们对这个消息表现出复杂的感情。
Laughter is one of the most infectious expressions of emotion.
笑是最具感染力的感情表达方式之一。
The decision was based on emotion rather than rational thought. 这个决定不是基于理性的思考而是基于感情作出的。
【链接高考】
（2019天津卷）Most food webs，for instance，consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones. When a predator（掠食动物）always eats huge numbers of a single prey（猎物），the two species are strongly linked；when a predator lives on various species，they are weakly linked. 例如，大多数食物网是由许多薄弱环节组成，而不是由几个强环节组成。 当一个捕食者总是吃掉大量的单一猎物时，这两个物种之间的联系就很紧密;当一个捕食者捕食不同的物种时，它们之间的联系就很弱。
（2016江苏卷）According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors, civil conflict is related to El Nino’s harmful effects—and the poorer the country, the stronger the link. 根据Mr Hsiang和他的合著者在2011年的一篇论文，国内冲突与厄尔尼诺的有害影响有关——而且国家越穷，这种联系越强。
（2021新高考I卷）The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life. 这种普及的最积极的方面是雇主、教育工作者和其他对促进社会福利感兴趣的人对情感的新强调，这是非常必要的。情商的普及帮助公众和研究人员重新评估情绪的功能，以及它们如何在日常生活中适应地为人们服务。
13. saucer / s s (r)/ n. 碟状物，茶碟，茶托 (3)
14. *vinegar / v n ɡ (r)/ n. 醋 (3)
15. native / ne t v/ n. 出生于某国（或某地）的人；本地人
adj. 出生地的；本地的；土著的；土产的 (3)
16. salty / s lti/ adj. 咸的，含盐的 (3)
17. sour / sa (r)/ adj. 酸的，有酸味的；馊的 vi. & vt.（使）变坏；变味，酸腐 (3)
【原句背诵】
It is hardest to give up the food that you grow up with. Of course, each person’s comfort food largely depends on where they come from—for a Chinese it might be a plate of dumplings with a saucer of vinegar, and for a native of the UK it might be the classic fish and chips, served hot, salty and sour.
【联想拓展】
a flying saucer 飞碟
one’s native land/country/city 你的故乡╱祖国╱故里
native peoples 土著民族
native art 土著艺术
be native to 原产于某地的；土产的；当地的
a native of 本地人；当地人
salt n. 盐，食盐 vt. 给（食物）加盐调味；用盐腌制（食物）
the salt of the earth 社会精英；高尚的人
【经典例句】
You can always tell the difference between the tourists and the natives. 游客与当地人之间的区别一望即知。
Jessica speaks Italian like a native. 杰西卡的意大利语说得和意大利人一样。
The kangaroo is a native of Australia. 袋鼠是产于澳大利亚的动物。
It was his first visit to his native country since 1948. 这是1948年以来他首次访问祖国。
She spoke not only her native language, Swedish, but also English and French. 她不仅讲她的母语瑞典语，还讲英语和法语。
The tiger is native to India. 这种虎产于印度。
He said he didn't want the job anyway, but that's just sour grapes. 他说反正他并不想干这份工作，这不过是吃不着葡萄就说葡萄酸而已。
【链接高考】
（2021新高考卷I）When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. 当探险家们第一次踏上北美大陆时，天空和陆地上生活着数量众多的各种各样的野生动物。 印第安人合理地保护了这些宝贵的自然资源。
（2017浙江卷）Some immigrant advocates worry that as hard financial times make it more difficult for natives to keep jobs, such measures will become more a vehicle for intolerance than integration(融合). 一些移民倡导者担心，由于经济困难，当地人很难保住工作，这样的措施将更像是一种不宽容的工具，而不是融合。
（2016全国新课标卷I）As a third generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never pleased move away. 作为德克萨斯州布朗斯维尔的第三代本地人，米尔德里德·加尔扎(Mildred Garza)从来都不愿意离开这里。
18. cry out for 迫切需要 (3)
19. relieve /r li v/ vt. 解除，减轻；缓和，缓解 (3)
【原句背诵】
One mouthful of comfort food takes us back to our cultural roots, giving us the “taste of home” that we cry out for and relieving feelings of homesickness.
【联想拓展】
cry out （因伤痛、害怕、惊讶等）大叫，叫喊
cry for the moon 要天上的月亮；想做做不到的事；想要得不到的东西
cry (for sb/sth)/cry (about/over sth) 哭；哭泣
cry over spilt milk ( BrE ) ( US also cry over spilled milk ) 枉为无可挽回的事忧伤；作于事无补的担忧
to relieve anxiety/guilt/stress 消除焦虑╱内疚；缓解压力
efforts to relieve poverty 缓解贫困的努力
to relieve traffic congestion 缓解交通拥堵
relieve from 从…中解除，减轻
relieve sb of sth 解除；消除；减轻…之…
relieved adj. 放心的，宽慰的
relief n. 宽慰，轻松；（疼痛或不快的）减轻，缓解
【警示误区】注意从relieve到relief的词形变化！
【经典例句】
The company is crying out for fresh new talent. 公司急需具有最新理念的人才。
This is a disgraceful state of affairs and cries out for a thorough investigation.
这是一件不光彩的事情，急需进行彻底的调查。
As the saying goes — it's no use crying over spilt milk . 常言道：覆水难收，后悔也于事无补。
Drugs can relieve much of the pain. 药物可以大大缓解疼痛。
Being able to tell the truth at last seemed to relieve her. 能够最后讲出真话似乎使她感到轻松。
We played cards to relieve the boredom of the long wait. 长时间等待实在无聊，我们就打扑克来解闷儿。
The officer involved was relieved of his duties because he had violated strict guidelines. 该名军官因违反了严格的准则而被解除了职务。
【链接高考】
（2019全国卷II）I’m secretly relieved because I know there’s real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. 我暗自松了一口气，因为我知道，在许多人之间分担志愿者的责任是一种真正的力量。
（2019全国卷II）The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. 教练可以把精力集中在孩子身上，而其他的父母也可以轻松地度过下一个赛季。
（2016江苏卷）Though heavy rains brought about by El Nino may relieve the drought in California, they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters. 虽然厄尔尼诺带来的暴雨可能会缓解加州的干旱，但它们可能会导致地表洪水和其他灾害。
20. bond /b nd/ n. 纽带，联系；连接，结合 (3)
【原句背诵】
That’s certainly true for fort food tastes good and by building an emotional bond with our happy memories, always makes us feel good. It isn’t just a bowl of noodles or chicken soup. It’s food for the soul.
【联想拓展】
a bond (between A and B) 纽带；联系；关系；契合
the special bond between mother and child 母子间的独特关系
bond (A and B) (together)/bond (A) to B 使牢固结合；把…紧紧地连接到
bond (with sb增强（与某人的）信任关系；建立（与某人的）互信关系
【经典例句】
The experience created a very special bond between us.
这段经历构成了我们之间一条非常特殊的纽带。
The agreement strengthened the bonds between the two countries. 协议加强了两
国间的联系。
The atoms bond together to form a molecule. 原子结合形成分子。
Mothers who are depressed sometimes fail to bond with their children. 患忧郁症
的母亲有时无法和孩子建立亲子关系。
【链接高考】
（2020新课标卷I）The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. 重新阅读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们现在的心理状态。
（2018北京卷）“Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well, ”she explains, “The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond. ”她解释说:“蜡是一种复杂的混合物，但聚乙烯中的基本键——碳碳键——也在那里。蜡虫逐渐形成一种方法或系统来破坏这种键。”
21. security /s kj r ti/ n. 安全；保护措施；保安部门；担保，保证 (5)
【原句背诵】
When we are in low spirits, we may cry out for things that give us comfort and a sense of security.
【联想拓展】
social security 社会保险，社会保障
public security 公共安全
security system 安全系统
network security 网络安全；网络安全性；网络保密
for security 为了安全
national security 国家安全；民族安全
secure adj. 稳固的，可靠的；严密把守的，牢固的；安全的，稳妥的 v. （尤指经过努力而）获得，得到；使安全，保护
【经典例句】
He loves the security of a happy home life. 他非常喜欢幸福的家庭生活所来的那种安全感。
They carried out security checks at the airport. 他们在机场实行了安全检查。
They are now under a great deal of pressure to tighten their airport security.
他们目前承受着加强机场保安措施的巨大压力。
Strict security measures are in force in the capital. 严格的安全措施在首都实施。
【链接高考】
（2021新高考卷I）The hostels in Rome offer a bed in a dorm room for around $25 a night, and for that, you’ll often get to stay in a central location (位置) with security and comfort. 罗马的青年旅社提供一晚25美元左右的宿舍床位，因此，你通常可以住在一个安全和舒适的中心位置。
（2021全国乙卷）Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies.在至今仍使用座机的澳大利亚人中，座机并不是必须的，他们将其作为一种安全保障——19%的人表示他们从未使用过座机，另有13%的人保留座机以防紧急情况。
（2019全国卷I）The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. 通过分析用户输入的力度和按键之间的时间间隔，键盘可以提供一层强大的安全性。
22. generate / d en re t/ vt. 产生，引起 (5)
23. calorie / k l ri/ n. 卡，卡路里；千卡 (5)
【原句背诵】
However, there is another type of comfort food, which generates positive emotions in a different way. Food high in calories may also make us feel better.
【联想拓展】
to generate electricity/heat/power 发电；产生热╱动力
to generate income/profit 产生收益╱利润
generation n. 一代（人）；一代人的时间；（产品发展的）代；产生
generator n. 发电机；产生者；电力公司
a low-calorie drink/diet 低热量的饮料╱饮食
【经典例句】
The company, New England Electric, burns coal to generate power.
新英格兰电力公司燃烧煤来发电。
The labour secretary said the reforms would generate new jobs.
劳动部长说这些改革将带来新的工作。
We need someone to generate new ideas. 我们需要有人出新主意。
The proposal has generated a lot of interest. 这项建议引起众多的关注。
Sweetened drinks contain a lot of calories. 含糖的饮料热量很高。
【链接高考】
（2020江苏卷）He said that one of the boxes generated around $13,500 in revenue a month and cost only about $400 to rent.他说，其中一个盒子每个月的收入约为1.35万美元，租金仅为400美元左右。
（2018江苏卷）Today, scholars have generated large amounts of instructive research about restaurants.如今，学者们已经对餐厅进行了大量有指导意义的研究。
24. digest /da d est; d d est/ vt. & vi. 消化；领会，理解 / da d est/ n. 摘要，文摘 (5)
【原句背诵】
As desserts like cakes are digested, blood sugar levels can go up quickly. As a result, we will be in a better mood after eating the comfort food.
【联想拓展】
Reader’s Digest 读者文摘
the Middle East Economic Digest 中东经济文摘
digestion n. 消化；消化能力；（使用酶或溶剂的）分解，提炼
digestive adj. 消化的，与消化有关的; n. 助消化的食物（或药物）
digestible adj. 易消化的；可摘要的
【经典例句】
You should allow a little time after a meal for the food to digest. 饭后你应该留点时间让食物消化。
Humans cannot digest plants such as grass. 人不能消化草类植物。
Do not undertake strenuous exercise for a few hours after a meal to allow food to digest. 饭后几小时内不要做剧烈运动，以让食物消化。
They learn well but seem to need time to digest information.
他们学得很好，但似乎需要时间来吃透这些知识。
【链接高考】
（2020新课标卷III）Cattle -raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation (突变) that helps them digest milk as adults. 东非和北欧的养牛人获得了一种突变，可以帮助他们成年后消化牛奶。
25. lower / l (r)/ vt. 降低，减少；把…放低，使…降下adj. 下面的；在底部的；低洼的 (5)
【原句背诵】
When the chemical lowers blood sugar levels, we are likely to feel sad again and will greedily eat more comfort food.
【联想拓展】
lower yourself (by doing sth) (通常用于否定句 ) 降低自己的身份；自贬人格
【经典例句】
He had to lower his head to get through the door. 他得低头才能过这道门。
The Central Bank has lowered interest rates by 2 percent.
中央银行已经降低了2%的利率。
Use a small cushion to help give support to the lower back.
用一个小垫子来辅助支撑腰部。
I wouldn't lower myself by working for him. 我不会贬低自己的身份去为他工作。
【反义词】lower作动词时，其反义词是raise；作形容词时，其反义词是upper。
【链接高考】
（2021浙江卷）During the training stage, each dog was shown only the upper half or the lower half of the person's face.在训练阶段，每只狗只看到了人的上半张脸或下半张脸。
（2020江苏卷）Most obviously, the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten. 最明显的是，这些人在开始锻炼时，不吃早餐的血糖水平比吃早餐时低。
（2014浙江卷）In Japan, patients are encouraged to “forest-bathe,” taking walks through woods to lower their blood pressure. 在日本，病人被鼓励“森林浴”，在树林中散步以降低血压。
26. cycle / sa kl/ n. 循环；自行车，摩托车 vi. 骑自行车 (5)
【原句背诵】
There is then the danger of entering a cycle of highs and lows where more and more comfort food, high in carbohydrates, need to be eaten. This links with health problems like being overweight.
【联想拓展】
a cycle route/track 自行车路线╱车道
the cycle of the seasons 四季的循环
life cycle 寿命周期；生存期
development cycle 开发周期
economic cycle 经济周期，经济循环
cycling n. 骑自行车
cyclical adj. 周期的，循环的
cyclist n. 骑自行车的人
bicycle n. 单车，自行车 vi. 骑自行车
recycle n. 回收利用；循环利用 vt. 回收利用；再利用；使再循环
【经典例句】
We went for a cycle ride on Sunday. 我们星期天骑自行车去兜风了。
I usually cycle home through the park. 我通常骑自行车穿过公园回家。
Each new product would have a relatively long life cycle. 每一种新产品都会有一个相对较长的使用周期。
【链接高考】
（2020浙江卷）The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue, Washington, generally don't flash the same length of green twice in a row, especially at rush hour. At 9:30am, the full red/yellow/green signal cycle might be 140 seconds.华盛顿贝尔维尤的工坊大道(Factoria Boulevard)上的交通信号灯通常不会连续两次亮同样长度的绿灯，尤其是在交通高峰时段。 上午9时30分，整个红/黄/绿信号周期可能为140秒。
（2014四川卷）Obviously, students are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily schedule. 很明显，学生们在调整睡眠周期以适应日常作息方面做得很糟糕。
54. loose /lu s/ adj. 不受约束的；未固定牢的；零散的；宽松的；疏松的 (11)
let sth loose 释放；放任 (11)
【原句背诵】
The mouth-watering hot pots of Sichuan are as famous overseas as they are in China, and the hot flavour is enough to heat up a cold midwinter evening or to let loose rivers of sweat on a summer afternoon.
【联想拓展】
a loose button/tooth 松动的纽扣╱牙齿
a loose shirt 宽大的衬衣
loose soil 疏松的土壤
a loose translation 不准确的译文
loose thinking 不严密的思想
break/cut/tear (sb/sth) loose from sb/sth （使）摆脱，挣脱
hang/stay loose 保持镇静；不着急
have a loose tongue （尤指对隐私）多嘴，饶舌
let sb/sth loose 让…自由；释放；放开
【同义词】loose可以作动词用，和loosen同义。loose sth (on/upon sb/sth) 释放；放任；不受约束地表达
【反义词】loose作“宽松的”意思时，其反义词是tight。
【经典例句】
Easy with that chair—one of its legs is loose. 小心搬动那椅子—有一条腿松了。
If a tooth feels very loose, your dentist may recommend that it's taken out. 如果有颗牙齿非常松动，你的牙
医可能会建议拔掉它。
55. *chilli / t li/ (AmE chili) n. 辣椒 (11)
56. pepper / pep (r)/ n. 甜椒；胡椒粉 (11)
Sichuan pepper 花椒 (11)
57. onion / nj n/ n. 洋葱，葱头 (11)
spring onion 小葱，香葱 (11)
【原句背诵】
As the soup bubbled slowly over a gas burner in the middle of the table, its surface was covered with a beautiful layer or chillies, Sichuan peppers, spring onions and red oil.
58. damp /d mp/ adj. 潮湿的，湿气重的 (11)
59. foggy / f ɡi/ adj. 有雾的，雾茫茫的 (11)
【原句背诵】
Sichuan hot pots are perfect for the damp, foggy climate in which they were invented.
【联想拓展】
damp clothes 潮湿的衣服
dampen v. 使潮湿，弄湿；减弱，抑制; vi. 潮湿；丧气
fog n. 雾；浓雾
【同义词】damp作动词时，意思是“使潮湿；弄湿” ，同dampen。
【经典例句】
The cottage was cold and damp. 这小屋又冷又湿。
Wipe the surface with a damp cloth. 用湿布擦表面。
The old house smells of damp. 这老房子散发出一股潮气。【本句中damp用作名词】
She damped a towel and wrapped it round his leg. 她弄湿毛巾，把它裹在他的腿上。
We were running a little late and the weather was cold and foggy. 时间有点晚，天气很冷还雾蒙蒙的。
【链接高考】
（2019浙江卷）No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. 从多雾的北海岸到内华达山脉，再到洛杉矶上空的圣加布里埃尔，没有一个地区幸免或不受影响。
60. dynasty / d n sti/ n. 朝，代；王朝 (11)
【原句背诵】
They are believed to have started off in the late Qing Dynasty as a way for boatmen on the Yangtze River to keep warm during the cold and wet winters.
【联想拓展】
dynast n. 元首；统治者；王朝的君主
dynastic adj. 王朝的；朝代的
dynasticism n. 王朝的统治
【经典例句】
Since the Western Han Dynasty, it has been the custom of climbing on the Chongyang Festival. 自西汉以来，在重阳节登高就成了习俗。
Hanfu is the traditional clothing of the Han people who lived in China before the Qing Dynasty. 汉服是清朝以前生活在中国的汉人的传统服装。
61. expand / k sp nd/ vt. & vi. 增加，扩大；扩展，发展（业务）；详谈，详述 (11)
62. multiple / m lt pl/ adj. 数量多的，多样的 (11)
63. *sauce /s s/ n. 调味汁，酱 (11)
【原句背诵】
In the beginning, the delicious dish was made simply by boiling vegetables, chillies and Sichuan peppers in water. Over time, it has expanded to include multiple options of soups, vegetables, meats and sauces, appealing to people of different tastes.
【联想拓展】
expand market 开拓市场
expand into 扩大为
expand domestic demand 扩大内需
expand on/upon sth 详述
an expanding economy 不断发展的经济
expansion n. 扩大，扩张；扩充，展开；扩张物；膨胀
multiple copies of documents 各种文件的大量的副本
multiply v. 增加，倍增；乘（以）
【反义词】当expand意思是“增加；扩大”时，其反义词是contract v.（使）
收缩，缩小
【警示误区】注意从expand到expansion的词形变化！
【经典例句】
Metals expand when they are heated. 金属受热会膨胀。
A child's vocabulary expands through reading. 孩子的词汇量通过阅读得到扩大。
The new system expanded the role of family doctors. 新体制扩大了家庭医生的作用。
There are no plans to expand the local airport. 目前尚无扩建地方机场的方案。
The Hualian Mall has expanded the business by opening two more stores. 华联超市增开了两家商店以扩展业务。
China will further expand the scope of its opened-up areas. 中国要进一步扩大开放范围。
The government performed competently in the face of multiple challenges. 政府在面临多重挑战时表现得很出色。
Each of the challenges will need the insight and skills of multiple team members. 每个挑战都需要多个团队成员的洞察力和技能来完成。
【链接高考】
（2018江苏卷）As their world expanded, she said, children compared themselves to others online in a way that was "hugely damaging in terms of their self-identity, in terms of their confidence, but also in terms of their ability to develop themselves". 她说，随着世界的扩大，孩子们会在网上与他人进行比较，这种比较“对他们的自我认同、自信心以及自我发展的能力都是巨大的伤害”。
（2015安徽卷）Their expanding business became a large corporation in 1996, with three generations of Ans working together. 1996年，他们的生意不断扩大，成为一家大公司，安家三代人一起工作。
（2020江苏卷）Multiple genes behaved differently, depending on whether someone had eaten or not before walking. 多种基因表现不同，这取决于一个人在走路前是否吃过东西。
（2019北京卷）In a world that warms up by 3℃，it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur.研究发现，如果气温上升3摄氏度，海洋的颜色会发生多种变化。
64. plain /ple n/ adj. 朴素的，简单的；清楚的 n. 平原 (11)
65. slice /sla s/ n. 薄片，片；部分，份额 vt. 把…切成片；切开，割破 (11)
【原句背诵】
Salted duck is Nanjing’s most famous food export. Several plain in thin, white slices, the meat is juicy and salty.
【联想拓展】
plain but elegant dress 朴素淡雅的连衣裙
plain food 清淡的食物
plain yogurt (= without sugar or fruit) 原味酸奶
make a plain life 简朴的生活
be plain sailing 顺利；一帆风顺
(as) plain as a pikestaff /(as) plain as day/(as) plain as the nose on your face 一清二楚；一目了然；显而易见
the Great Plains 北美洲大平原
a slice of bread 一片面包
to slice (up) onions 把洋葱切成片
a sliced loaf 切片面包
【经典例句】
He made it plain that we should leave. 他明确表示要我们离开。
The plain fact is that nobody really knows. 事实很明显，没有人真正了解。
In general, a plain carpet makes a room look bigger. 一般来讲，纯色的地毯使房间显得更大。
Once there were 70 million buffalo on the plains. 在这片平原上曾经生活着7000万头水牛。
Cut the meat into thin slices. 把肉切成薄片。
Try to eat at least four slices of bread a day. 每天尽量吃至少4片面包。
Slice the cucumber thinly. 把黄瓜切成薄薄的片。
【链接高考】
（2021浙江卷）Leslie Nielsen’s devotion to acting is wonderfully inspiring. He built a hugely successful career with little more than plain old hard work and determination. 莱斯利·尼尔森对表演的热爱非常鼓舞人心。他凭借平凡的努力和决心，他在事业上取得了巨大的成功。
（2018浙江卷）Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad. 多数情况下，小说被认为是愚蠢的不正常的，毫无价值可言。
（2012江西卷）A journey by train also has a special charm about it. Lakes and forests and wild, open plains sweeping past your carriage window create a grand view in which time and distance mean nothing.
乘火车旅行也有一种特殊的魅力。 湖泊、森林和荒野、开阔的平原从你的马车窗旁扫过，构成了一幅壮丽的景色，在这里时间和距离都无关紧要。
（2018全国卷II）When combined with berries of slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”.当与浆果和其他水果切片混合在一起时，冷冻香蕉是制作厚而凉爽的水果奶昔和低脂“冰淇淋”的绝佳基料。
66. chef / ef/ n. 主厨，厨师 (12)
【原句背诵】
As I finished my first helping on a recent afternoon in Nanjing, my host, Chef Zhang, told me a little more about the dish.
【形近词】chief n. 领袖，首领 adj. 首要的，主要的
67. property / pr p ti/ n. 性质，特性；所有物，财产；不动产 (12)
68. appropriate / pr pri t/ adj. 合适的 (12)
【原句背诵】
Traditionally, duck is considered to have cooling properties, so it is appropriate for the hot summer months.
【联想拓展】
personal property 动产；私人财产
public property 公共财产，公物
intellectual property 知识产权；著作权
property prices 房地产价格
a property developer 房地产开发商
an appropriate response/measure/method 恰如其分的反应；恰当的措施╱方法
be appropriate (for/to sth) 合适的；恰当的
appropriately adv. 适当地；合适的；相称地
appropriateness n. 适当；适合
【反义词】appropriate的反义词是inappropriate。
【经典例句】
This building is government property. 这座大楼是政府的财产。
Be careful not to damage other people's property. 小心别损及别人的财物。
The price of property has risen enormously. 房地产的价格大幅上升了。
There are a lot of empty properties in the area. 这个地区有大量的闲置房地产。
Now that the problem has been identified, appropriate action can be taken. 现在既已找出问题的症结，即可采取适当行动。
The book was written in a style appropriate to the age of the children. 这本书的文体适合儿童阅读。
Is now an appropriate time to make a speech 现在发表演讲是不是时候？
【链接高考】
（2020新高考卷I）Lost property(失物招领)
Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services.
The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm and is located(位于)at Roma Street station.
失物招领
请在营业时间致电13 16 17号昆士兰铁路公司的失物招领处。
失物招领处周一至周五上午7:30至下午5:00开放，位于罗马街车站。
（2018天津卷）Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher can create a dangerous situation for other residents and could result in damage to personal property. 不负责任地使用灭火器会给其他居民造成危险，并可能导致个人财产的损坏。
（2018江苏卷）Javed Khan, of children's charity Bamardo's, said: "It's vital that new compulsory age- appropriate relationship and sex education lessons in England should help equip children to deal with the growing demands of social media.”儿童慈善机构Bamardo的Javed Khan说:“在英国，新的与孩子年龄相适应的强制性恋爱和性教育课程应该帮助孩子们做好准备，以应对日益增长的社交媒体需求，这一点至关重要。”
（2017全国卷III）Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. 影院老板艾德·布拉德福德(Ed Bradford)说，他选择这部电影是因为它看起来很合适。
69. estimate / est me t/ vt. 估计，估价 / est m t/ n. 估计；估计的成本 (12)
70. consume /k n sju m/ vt. 吃，喝，饮；消耗，耗费（尤指燃料、能量或时间）(12)
【原句背诵】
Nowadays, people eat salted duck all year round and it is estimated that tens of thousands of ducks are consumed every day in Nanjing!
【联想拓展】
cost estimate 成本估算，成本估计
rough estimate 粗略的估计，粗算
final estimate 最终估计；结算
estimate for 对…估价、估计
estimate at 估计…，估计有…
official government estimates of traffic growth over the next decade 政府对今后十年交通增长的正式估计
It is estimated ….据估计….
estimation n. 估计，估算；判断，评价；尊重，尊敬
consumer n. 消费者，顾客，用户；食用者，使用者，消耗者
consumption n. 消费，消耗；食用，引用，吸入；专用
【警示误区】注意从consume到consumption的词形变化！
【经典例句】
One must have a correct estimate of oneself. 一个人必须对自己有正确的估计。
I can give you a rough estimate of the amount of coal you will need in the winter. 我可以粗略估计一下这个冬季你所需要的煤炭量。
Police estimate the crowd at 30 000. 警方估计聚集的人有3万。
The deal is estimated to be worth around $1.5 million. 这笔交易估计价值150万元左右。
I estimate that total cost for treatment will go from $9,000 to $12,500.
我估计治疗费总额将在9千美元到1.25万美元之间。
It is estimated (that) the project will last four years. 据估计，这项工程将持续四年。
The electricity industry consumes large amounts of fossil fuels. 电力工业消耗大量的矿物燃料。
Some of the most efficient refrigerators consume 70 percent less electricity than traditional models. 一些能效最高的冰箱比传统型号少消耗70%的电。
【链接高考】
（2020新课标卷I）Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. 照明用电约占美国总用电量的7%。
（2018全国卷I）That’s bad news for the environment – and our wallets – as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things. 这对环境和我们的钱包来说都是个坏消息，因为这些过时的设备比具有同样功能的新设备消耗更多的能源。
（2017全国卷III）These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. 这些动物吃掉了大量的植被，减少了公园里的植物多样性。
（2018天津卷）The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels.到2050年，全球人口预计将增长到96亿，一些分析人士估计，粮食产量将需要提高50%，才能维持目前的水平。
（2016天津卷）The cost to repair it was estimated at $800.修理它的费用估计为800美元。
71. hit the spot 使人满意，正合需要 (12)
【原句背诵】
It definitely hit the spot when I tried it, and it has become one of my personal favourites.
【联想拓展】
in a (tight) spot ( informal ) 处于困境
on the spot 当场；当下；在现场；在原地
an on-the-spot report 现场报道
put sb on the spot（提出难题）使某人尴尬，使某人为难
a scenic spot 风景区；景点
【经典例句】
Having a cold beer really hit the spot. 喝一杯冰啤酒的确正合我意。
Sounds good to me! I could use a nice drink. A cup of tea would hit the spot. 听起来不错！我有点想喝杯好喝的饮料。一杯茶正好符合我的需要。
72. *Cantonese / k nt ni z/ adj. 广东人（或文化）的，粤语的 n. (pl. Cantonese) 广东人；粤语 (12)
73. *dim sum / d m s m/ n. 点心 (12)
74. essential / sen l/ adj. 必不可少的；本质的，基本的 (12)
【原句背诵】
8 December, Cantonese dim sum
In Guangzhou, morning tea is such an essential part of the daily routine that “Have you had your tea ” has become the local version of “Good morning.”
【联想拓展】
be essential to/for sth/to do sth/(that...) 完全必要的；必不可少的；极其重要的
an essential part/ingredient/component of sth 某事物必不可少的一部分╱成分╱组成部分
essentially adv. 本质上；本来
【经典例句】
Money is not essential to happiness. 金钱对于幸福并非必不可少。
Experience is essential for this job. 对于这个工作，经验是非常重要的。
The museum is closed while essential repairs are being carried out. 博物馆正在进行大修，在此期间暂停开放。
Most authorities agree that play is an essential part of a child's development.
大多数权威人士认为玩耍是孩子成长的一个重要部分。
The studio had all the essentials like heating and running water. 工作室里备有基本设施，如暖气装置和自来水。
【警示误区】在It is/was essential (that)….结构中，that从句中的谓语动词要用should +动词原形，其中should可以省略。
It is essential that you have some experience. 你必须得有些经验。
It's essential you make the right decisions from the word go.
重要的是你从一开始就要做出正确的决定。
【链接高考】
（2019天津卷）History is much more than the study of dusty old objects and events long past. It is an essential part of who we are today and who we will become. 历史不仅仅是研究尘垢已久的古老物体和事件。 它是我们今天和将来的重要组成部分。
（2015江苏卷）The essential belief of the first free government in the world was liberty for all men who could control themselves and would take responsibility for the state. 世界上第一个自由政府的基本信念是，所有能够控制自己并对国家负责的人都享有自由。
75. innovation / n ve n/ n. 创造，创新；新思想，新方法 (12)
【原句背诵】
Though teahouses have been common in China since the Tang Dynasty, the Cantonese innovation of the mid-19th century was to serve tea together with a variety of light dishes, or dim sum.
【联想拓展】
technological innovation 技术革新；工艺革新
an age of technological innovation 技术革新的时代
innovation ability 创新能力
recent innovations in steel-making technology 新近的炼钢技术革新
innovational adj. 革新的；富有革新精神的
innovate v. 革新，创新; vt. 改变；创立；创始；引人
innovator n. 改革者，创新者
innovative adj. 革新的，新颖的；富有革新精神的
【经典例句】
They produced the first vegetarian beanburger – an innovation which was rapidly exported. 他们制造出第一个素式豆堡包–一种被迅速销往国外的新食品。
We must promote originality, inspire creativity and encourage innovation.
我们必须提倡独创性，激发创造力，鼓励创新。
【链接高考】
（2018江苏卷）As the co-founder of the National Young Farmers Coalition (NYFC, 美国青年农会）and a family farmer myself. I have a front-row seat to the innovations among small farmers that are transforming the industry. 作为美国青年农民联盟(National Young Farmers Coalition)的联合创始人，我本人也是一名家庭农民，我对正在改变这个行业的小农户的创新有切身体会。
（2012江苏卷）”Never before have we had the innovations (创新) in technology which have led to agriculture in this country being the most efficient it has ever been,” he said. “There’s really a place for everybody to fit in.”我们以前从未有过技术创新，使这个国家的农业达到了有史以来的最高效率。”他说。 “这里真的是一个适合所有人的地方。”
76. concept / k nsept/ n. 概念，观念 (12)
77. stimulate / st mjule t/ vt. 促进，激发；刺激，使兴奋 (12)
78. appetite / p ta t/ n. 食欲，胃口；强烈欲望 (12)
79. delicate / del k t/ adj. 精致的，精细的，精密的；易损的，易碎的，脆弱的 (12)
【原句背诵】
The concept took off, and today Guangzhou’s restaurants stimulate customers’ appetite with over a thousand offerings, each more delicate and delicious than the last.
【联想拓展】
the concept of social class 社会等级的概念
concepts such as ‘civilization’ and ‘government’ 诸如“文明”和“政府”等概念
stimulation n. 刺激，激励，兴奋作用
stimulative adj. 促进的；刺激的；激励的; n. 刺激；促进因素
have an appetite for/to do sth 对…的欲望
the delicate ecological balance of the rainforest 热带雨林极易被破坏的生态平衡
delicately adv. 微妙地；精致地；优美地
【经典例句】
China advocates the concept that everyone should have equality of opportunity.中国倡导人人应当机会均等的观念。
These businesses stimulate the creation of local jobs.
这些企业刺激了当地就业机会的产生。
America's priority is rightly to stimulate its economy. 美国的首要任务自然
是刺激经济。
Contrary to popular belief, moderate exercise actually decreases your appetite. 与大部分人的想法相反，适度的运动实际上会降低食欲。
People under too much pressure would sometimes suffer from muscle aches, headache, tiredness, loss of appetite and so on. 压力太大的人有时候会有肌肉疼痛、头痛、疲劳、食欲不振等症状。
Babies have very delicate skin. 婴儿的皮肤非常娇嫩。
The eye is one of the most delicate organs of the body. 眼睛是人体最娇贵的器官之一。
I admired your delicate handling of the situation. 我赞赏你应付这种局面的娴熟技巧。
【链接高考】
（2014浙江卷）The cottages could be an example of the industry’ s odd love affair with “low technology,” a concept associated with the natural world, and with old-school craftsmanship (手艺) that exists long before the Internet era. 这些小屋可能是该行业对“低技术”的奇怪迷恋的一个例子，这是一种与自然界有关的概念，以及早在互联网时代之前就存在的老式工艺。
（2014安徽卷）The young in particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy, healthy, contributing adult. 年轻人尤其愿意接受这种观念，因为每个孩子内心都希望成长为一个快乐、健康、有贡献的成年人。
（2020山东卷）And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid. 现有的研究表明，你应该避免和那些体重较重、食量较大的人一起吃饭，与此相反，你真正需要避免的是那些胃口大的豆杆人。
80. emphasis / emf s s/ n. (pl. emphases/ emf si z/) 强调，重视；重读 (12)
【原句背诵】
The Cantonese do not hurry over their breakfast, as I found when I visited a restaurant in Guangzhou’s old city centre this morning. The emphasis is rather on conversation about business, family or pleasure, and locals can spend hours together chatting, drinking tea and working their way through the menu.
【联想拓展】
to put/lay/place emphasis on sth 强调╱重视某事
to give emphasis to vt. 强调（着重）
emphasize v. 强调，着重；重读（单词或短语）；使突出（或明显）
emphasise vt. （英）强调；加强……的语气（等于 emphasize）
【警示误区】emphasis的复数形式是emphases ，使用时一定要注意！
【经典例句】
The administration may put more emphasis on spurring economic growth. 政府可能会更加重视经济的加快增长。
We provide all types of information, with an emphasis on legal advice. 我们提供各种信息服务，尤其是法律咨询。
He placed great emphasis on the importance of family life and ties.
他非常重视家庭生活和家庭纽带。
There has been a shift of emphasis from manufacturing to service industries. 重点已经从制造业向服务行业转移。
81. steam /sti m/ vt. & vi. 蒸；散发蒸汽 n. 水蒸气；蒸汽动力；水汽 (12)
【原句背诵】
From beef balls to rice noodle rolls, there are various dishes that have been baked, boiled, steamed or fried.
【联想拓展】
the introduction of steam in the 18th century 18世纪蒸汽动力的采用
steam power 蒸汽动力
the steam age 蒸汽时代
full speed/steam ahead 全速前进；全力
get up/pick up steam 声势逐渐强大；渐成气候；慢慢活跃起来；逐渐提速
run out of steam 筋疲力尽；丧失热情
steamy adj. 充满蒸汽的，热而潮湿的
steamer n. 汽船，大轮船；汽锅，蒸锅
【经典例句】
Leave the vegetables to steam over the rice for the 20 minutes cooking time.
把蔬菜放在米饭上蒸20分钟。
Steam rose from the boiling kettle. 壶里的水开了，冒着蒸汽。
In an electric power plant the heat converts water into high-pressure steam.
在发电厂里，热把水转换成高压水蒸汽。
The administration was determined to go full steam ahead with its reform programme. 当局决心全速推进其改革方案。
【链接高考】
（2019天津卷）We've all known people who run out of steam before they reach life's halfway mark. 我们都知道有些人还没到人生的一半就精疲力竭了。
（2018浙江卷）The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy（识字） rate in England was under 50%. 蒸汽印刷机还处于早期阶段; 英国的识字率低于50%。
（2016北京卷）Luckily, I discovered the job—Data Analyst—this month and have been going full steam ahead. 幸运的是，我在这个月找到了数据分析师的工作，并且已经全力以赴了。
82. gram /ɡr m/ n. 克 (13)
83. cabbage / k b d / n. 甘蓝，卷心菜 (13)
84. wrapper / r p (r)/ n.（食品等的）包装材料，包装纸 (13)
【原句背诵】
Main ingredients
500 grams of meat, Chinese cabbage, dumpling wrappers
【联想拓展】
kilogram n.千克
milligram n. 毫克
Chinese cabbage 白菜；小白菜；大白菜；青菜
sweet/candy wrappers 糖果包装纸
85. mixture / m kst (r)/ n. 混合物；混合，结合 (13)
86. edge /ed / n. 边，边缘；刀口 (13)
【原句背诵】
Fill the dumplings with the mixture. Stick the edges of the dumplings wrappers together.
【联想拓展】
mix v. （使）混合，（使）调和；使结合，组合；
mix A with B/mix A and B (together) （使）混合，掺和，融合
on the edge of adv. 几乎；濒于；在…边缘
【熟词生义】edge n.（微弱的）优势
The company needs to improve its competitive edge . 公司必须提高它的竞争力。
They have the edge on us. 他们略胜我们一筹。
【经典例句】
The city is a mixture of old and new buildings. 这座城市是新老建筑兼而有之。
We listened to the news with a mixture of surprise and horror. 我们怀着惊恐交加的心情收听了这则消息。
We were on a hill, right on the edge of town. 我们在一座小山上，正好位于城镇边缘。
They have driven the rhino to the edge of extinction. 他们已经把犀牛逼到了灭绝的边缘。
【链接高考】
（2018北京卷）＂Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well, ＂she explains, ＂The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond. ＂她解释说: “蜡是一种复杂的混合物，但聚乙烯中的基本键——碳碳键——也在那里。蜡虫进化出了一种方法或系统来破坏这种键。”
（2017全国卷II）What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short. 植物泵入空气的是一种被称为挥发性有机化合物(简称VOCs)的化学混合物。
（2017北京卷）The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend.这些数字听起来可能很小，但它们是一种危险趋势的前沿。
（2013四川卷）It exists in my mind and heart, on a physical property(住宅) on West 64th street on the western edge of Los Angeles.
它存在于我的脑海和心中，在洛杉矶西部边缘西64街的一处房产上。
87. apart / pɑ t/ adv. 成碎片；分开；相隔 (13)
fall apart 破碎，破裂；崩溃 (13)
【原句背诵】
Don’t overfill the dumplings, or they will fall apart when you boil them.
【联想拓展】
set apart 留出…；使分离；区别
take apart 拆开；剖析；粗暴对待
come apart 破碎；崩溃；瓦解
tear apart 把……弄乱；使……分裂
tell apart 区分；分辨
break apart 使…分裂开
apart from 远离，除…之外；且不说；缺少
【经典例句】
She keeps herself apart from other people. 她与其他人保持距离。
The two sides in the talks are still a long way apart (= are far from reaching an agreement) . 谈判双方的意见仍相去甚远。
Within two weeks, though, the talks would fall apart because each side had concerns.
然而，由于双方各有顾虑，谈判在两周内就破裂了。
【链接高考】
（2015重庆卷）They have set themselves apart in their timeless appeal and will probably be enjoyed for centuries into the future.
它们以其永恒的吸引力使自己与众不同，并可能在未来的几个世纪
中继续受到人们的喜爱。
（2014江西卷）The click of a button allows people miles apart to talk or to see each other without even leaving their homes. 只需点击一个按钮，相隔数英里的人们就可以交谈或见面，甚至不需要离开他们的家。