牛津译林版（2019）选择性必修第一册 Unit 2 The Universal Language 词汇详解课件（84张）

(共84张PPT)
牛津英语单元词汇详解
选择性必修一
Unit 2 The Universal language
1. *Austrian / stri n/ adj. 奥地利的，奥地利人的 (15)
2. composer /k m p z (r)/ n. 作曲家，作曲者 (15)
3. symphony / s mf ni/ n. 交响乐，交响曲 (15)
4. *concerto /k n t e t / n. 协奏曲 (15)
5. *Polish / p l / adj. 波兰的，波兰人的，波兰语的 (15)
【原句背诵】
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
An Austrian composer
Famous for Symphony No. 41 (the Jupiter Symphony) and Piano Concerto No. 23
Frederic Francois Chopin
A Polish composer and pianist
Famous for the Minute Waltz
【形近词】Australian adj. 澳大利亚的，澳大利亚人的 n. 澳大利亚人
sympathy n. 同情（心），理解；赞同，支持；（与某人的）同感，共鸣
6. compose /k m p z/ vt. & vi. 作曲；组成；撰写；使镇静 (16)
7. deserve /d z v/ vt. 值得，应得 (16)
【原句背诵】
Hi Lucy,
So glad to get your email. I hope everything is fine with you. Last night, I watched a performance of Butterfly Lovers, a beautiful violin concerto composed by He Zhanhao and Chen Gang. It’s a piece that really deserves to be heard.
【联想拓展】
compose a letter/speech/poem etc. 撰写（信函、讲稿、诗歌等）
compose oneself 镇静 compose of 由…组成 be composed of 由…组成
composer n. 创作者，作曲家
composition n. 成分构成，成分；（音乐、艺术、诗歌的）作品；创作，作曲
【同义词（组）】be composed of=be made up of=consist of 由…组成
Water is composed of/is made up of/ consists of hydrogen and oxygen.水由氢和氧组成。
deserve +n. /pron. 值得....，应得.....
deserve to do sth. 应该做某事 (主语通常为sb. )
deserve doing/to be done 值得....，应得.....
sb deserves a medal （用以夸奖某人完成了艰巨任务）应给某人授勋
get what sb deserves/deserve all (everything) sb gets 罪有应得
【经典例句】
Ten men compose the committee. 委员会由十人组成。
Mozart composed his last opera shortly before he died. 莫扎特在创作出他最后一部歌剧后不久便去世了。
The force would be composed of troops from NATO countries. 该部队将由北约各国的军队组成。
The report deserves careful consideration. 这报告应该给予认真考虑。
Government officials clearly deserve some of the blame as well. 政府官员们显然也应受到某些谴责。
These people deserve to make more than the minimum wage. 这些人应该得到高于最低工资的报酬。
The criminal deserves to be locked up forever for what he did. 罪犯做了这样的事，应该终身监禁。
【链接高考】
（2012北京卷）What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the
world obviously deserves much more serious thinking. 荒野在保护世界中应该占
据怎样的地位，显然值得更认真地思考。
（2012北京卷）I felt that the punishment was not justified, and I believed I deserved a second chance. 我觉得这种惩罚是不合理的，我认为我应该得到第二次机会。
8. tear apart 使（关系密切的人）分离，分开 (16)
【原句背诵】
The music took me through the twists and turns of a classic story about a young couple torn apart by their families.
【联想拓展】
tear sb apart 使不快；使担心
tear sth apart 撕毁；撕碎；使四分五裂；使分崩离析
tear oneself/sb (from sb/sth) 挣开；拽开；夺去；揪走
tear at sth 撕裂；扯开；撕破
tear down v. 扯下；诋毁；拆卸；逐条驳斥 tear off 撕下；扯掉
tear up 撕毁；撕碎；拉掉 tear into sb/sth 攻击；袭击；痛斥；抨击
tear out 撕开，扯下 wear and tear n. 磨损
【警示误区】tear的过去式、过去分词是不规则变化，分别为：tore, torn。使用时要注意！
【经典例句】
Studies show that factory farms can tear apart rural communities. 研究表明工厂化农场可以将
农村社区分离开。
It tears me apart to think I might have hurt her feelings. 一想到我可能伤害了她的感情，我就
感到痛心。
But when a misunderstanding arises, their lifelong friendship suddenly threatens to tear apart.
然而一场误解的产生，让她们终生的友谊遭到崩解的威胁。
9. pleasant / pleznt/ adj. 令人愉快的，可喜的；友好的，和善的 (16)
10. whisper / w sp (r)/ vi. & vt. 耳语，低语；私下说；沙沙作响
n. 低语；轻柔的声音；传言 (16)
【原句背诵】
When the two lover, Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai, first meet, the music is light and pleasant, as if whispering to the audience.
【联想拓展】
a pleasant climate/evening/place 令人愉快的气候╱夜晚╱地方
to live in pleasant surroundings 生活在宜人的环境中
a pleasant environment to work in 舒适的工作环境
a pleasant young man 彬彬有礼的年轻人
a pleasant smile/voice/manner 和蔼可亲的笑容╱声音╱态度
pleasant to hear 好听；入耳
pleasantly adv. 愉快地；和蔼地，亲切地；友好地
pleasantness n. 愉快，快乐；和蔼可亲
whisper sth. to sb.对某人低声说某事
whisper (sth.) in sb.’s ear在某人耳边低声说(某事)
in a whisper/in whispers低声地
It is whispered that···有人私下说
【反义词】pleasant的反义词是unpleasant adj. 令人不快的，不舒服的；不友善的
【警示误区】表示“对某人低声说某事”时，要用whisper sth to sb或whisper to sb sth，不能使用whisper sb sth!
【经典例句】
I've got a pleasant little apartment. 我有一套舒适的小公寓。
The woman had a pleasant face. 那个女人长着一张和善的脸。
Please try to be pleasant to our guests. 请对我们的客人尽量客气点。
His songs are often both hypnotic（催眠的）and reassuringly pleasant. 他的歌声常常在催人入眠的同时又使人放松愉悦。
He whispered the message to David in order to avoid being overheard by others. 他悄声把消息告诉了戴维，以免被别人听见。
They talked with each other in a whisper /in whispers in the comer.他们在角落里低声交谈。
【链接高考】
（2016四川卷）The air is clean and fresh. The water from the well has a pleasant taste, and it is perhaps the healthiest water our kids will ever drink.空气是干净和新鲜的。 井里的水味道很好，也许是我们的孩子喝过的最健康的水。
（2012广东卷）“Have a nice day!” may be a pleasant gesture or a meaningless expression. “祝你今天愉快!” 可能是一个令人愉快的手势或一个毫无意义的表情。
（2019全国卷I）His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support. 他的老师托马斯·威利(Thomas Whaley)站在他旁边，低声支持他。
（2013浙江卷）The students wanted to throw spitballs and whisper dirty words in the back of the room. 学生们想在教室后面扔纸团，低声说脏话。
11. dramatic /dr m t k/ adj. 激动人心的，引人注目的；突然的；戏剧的；夸张的 (16)
【原句背诵】
Then the music gets dramatic with heavier notes and that is when the lovers are separated because Zhu’s father forces her to marry another man.
【联想拓展】
a dramatic increase/fall/change/improvement 暴涨；暴跌；巨变；巨大的改进
dramatic results/developments/news 出人意料的结果；突飞猛进的发展；令人吃惊的消息
a dramatic victory 激动人心的胜利
dramatically adv. 剧烈地，明显地；戏剧性地，夸张地
【警示误区】dramatic的副词要用dramatically。
【经典例句】
The announcement had a dramatic effect on house prices. 这项公告对房屋价格产生了巨大的影响。
Events could have developed in a dramatically different way. 事情本来可以发展成另一种样子。
The team snatched a dramatic victory in the last minute of the game. 该队在比赛的最后一分钟戏剧性地获胜。
The mountains provided a dramatic backdrop for our picnic. 群山如画，给我们的野餐平添景色。
【链接高考】
（2021浙江卷）Nielsen always felt he should be doing comedy but his good looks and distinguished voice kept him busy in dramatic roles. 尼尔森一直觉得他应该演喜剧，但他英俊的外表和出众的嗓音让他忙于演戏剧角色。
（2019天津卷）Performance: A dramatic presentation of the topic no more than 10 minutes long. 表演: 一个不超过10分钟的主题的戏剧演示。
12. weep /wi p/ vi. & vt. (wept, wept) 哭泣，流泪 (16)
13. overcome / v k m/ vt. (overcame, overcome) 受到…的极大
影响；克服，解决；战胜 (16)
14. sorrow / s r / n. 悲伤，悲痛；伤心事 (16)
15. *grave /ɡre v/ n. 坟墓；死亡，去世 adj. 严重的；严肃的 (16)
【原句背诵】
Angry and sad, Liang falls sick and dies. Zhu weeps bitterly over the loss her love. Overcome with sorrow, she jumps into his grave.
【联想拓展】
weep (for/with sth)/weep (at/over sth) ( literary ) （通常因悲伤）哭泣，流泪
overcome difficulties 克服困难；战胜困难
overcome myself 克服/战胜自己
sorrow (at/for/over sth) 悲伤；悲痛；悲哀
the joys and sorrows of childhood 童年的欢乐和悲伤
【警示误区】weep属于不规则动词变化，其过去式、过去分词分别是wept, wept。overcome属于不规则动词变化，其过去式、过去分词分别是overcame, overcome。
【经典例句】
She started to weep uncontrollably. 她不由自主地哭了起来。
I wept to see him looking so sick. 看到他病成那个样子我怆然泪下。
I could have wept thinking about what I'd missed. 想到所失去的东西，我真想痛哭一场。
Molly had fought and overcome her fear of flying. 莫莉经过努力克服了对飞行的恐惧。
The night before the test I was overcome by fear and despair. 考试的前一晚我被恐惧与绝望困扰着。
Words cannot express my sorrow. 语言不能表达我的悲伤。
He expressed his sorrow at the news of her death. 听到她的死讯，他表示哀伤。
They said that the decision was made more in sorrow than in anger. 他们说作出这个决定，与其说是出于气愤，不如说是出于悲伤。
【链接高考】
（2018天津卷）Despite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome. 尽管最近3D食品打印技术有所进步，但该行业仍有许多挑战需要克服。
16. transform /tr ns f m/ vi. & vt.（使）变形，（使）改观， （使）转化 (16)
17. forever /f r ev (r)/ adv. 永远；长久地；老是 (16)
【原句背诵】
Finally, during the most exciting part, the music takes a softer turn and ends on a bittersweet note, telling us how the couple transform into butterflies and fly away to be together forever. It is an amazing journey!
【联想拓展】
transform into 转变成
transformation n. （彻底或重大的）改观，变化，转变
transformer n. [电] 变压器；促使变化的人；变形金刚
transformed 变形 transformative adj. 变化的，变形的；有改革能力的
forever and ever 永远
【同义词】transform的同义词可用change, convert等。
【经典例句】
Industrialization transformed the world. 工业化彻底改变了世界。
It was an event that would transform my life. 那是能够彻底改变我一生的一件事。
Your metabolic（代谢）rate is the speed at which your body transforms food into energy. 你的新陈代谢率就是你身体将食物转换成能量的速度。
Although they're expensive, they last forever and never go out of style. 尽管它们贵，它们永远耐用并且永不过时。
bine /k m ba n/ vt. & vi.（使）融合；（使）结合，（使）混合；兼做；合并 (16)
【原句背诵】
Butterfly Lovers combines Chinese and Western musical elements: it is played on Western instruments such as the violin, but more significantly, much of the music has its roots in Chinese Yue Opera.
【联想拓展】
combine (sth) (with sth)/combine A and B (together) （使）结合，组合，联合，混合
combine A and/with B 兼有；兼备；使融合（或并存）；同时做（两件或以上的事）；兼做；兼办
combine harvester 联合收割机
combined adj. 联合的，共同的；总和的，总计的 combination n. 结合体，联合体；结合，联合
【经典例句】
Hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water.=Hydrogen combines with oxygen to form water.氢与氧化合成水。
The hotel combines comfort with convenience. 这家旅馆既舒适又方便。
They have successfully combined the old with the new in this room.
他们在这个房间里成功地把古老和现代的风格融为一体。
Relief workers say it's worse than ever as disease and starvation combine to kill thousands.
援助人员说情况比以往任何时候都糟，因为疾病和饥饿致使数以千计的人死亡。
【链接高考】
（2019全国卷III）The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined—or added—the symbols to get the reward. 然后研究人员测试猴子如何组合或添加符号来获得奖励。
（2018全国卷II）When combined with berries of slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”.当与浆果和其他水果切片混合在一起时，冷冻香蕉是制作厚而凉爽的水果奶昔和低脂“冰淇淋”的绝佳基料。
19. rely /r la / on 依赖，依靠；信任 (17)
【原句背诵】
My host family are big fans of country music, so I can always rely on them to introduce me to some great songs.
【联想拓展】
rely on/upon sb/sth (for/to do sth) 依靠某人（做某事）
【经典例句】
I know I can rely on you to sort it out. 我知道我可以信赖你来处理此事。
The industry relies on the price of raw materials remaining low. 这一产业靠的是原料便宜，不涨价。
They relied heavily on the advice of their professional advisers.
他们非常依赖专业顾问的建议。
These days we rely heavily on computers to organize our work. 现在，我们在很大程度上依赖电脑来安排我们的工作。
【链接高考】
（2021全国乙卷）Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter （29%） rely only on their smartphones according to a survey （调查）. 尽管如此，一项调查显示，55%的澳大利亚人家里有固定电话，仅有略高于四分之一(29%)的人使用智能手机。
（2020江苏卷）Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists’ lab, each man walked for an hour at an average speed that, in theory should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel.
然后，在两个不同的早晨去科学家实验室的时候，每个人都以平均速度走了一个小时，从理论上讲，这应该能让他的身体主要依靠脂肪提供燃料。
（2016北京卷）If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community. 如果学生依靠管理人员来规范他们的社会行为和思维模式，他们就不会面临在一个更大、更复杂的社区中寻找身份的挑战。
20. blues /blu z/ n. (the blues) 布鲁斯音乐，蓝调；忧郁，悲伤 (17)
21. folk /f k/ adj. 民间的，民俗的 n. 民间音乐；人们；各位；家人 (17)
【原句背诵】
It turns out that country music became popular right here in the south of America in the 1940s and then spread across the nation. It grew out of such music types as the blues and folk music, so the musicians use many similar instruments, such as the guitar.
【联想拓展】
folk art/music/culture 民间艺术/音乐/文化
a folk festival/concert 民间音乐节╱会
a folk museum 民俗博物馆
ordinary working-class folk(s) 普通劳动大众
the folks back home 家乡的乡亲父老
【经典例句】
I'd like a job working with old folk(s) or kids. 我喜欢与老人或小孩打交道的工作。
The entertainment was provided by a folk band. 这个文娱节目由民歌乐队演出。
The music was a hybrid of Western pop and traditional folk song. 这种音乐融合了西方流行音乐和传统民歌。
22. tune /tju n/ n. 曲调，曲子 vt. 调音；调频道；调整 (17)
23. *lyric / l r k/ n. 歌词；抒情诗 adj. 抒情的；吟唱的 (17)
【原句背诵】
The tunes are easy to sing, and the lyrics often leave you deep in thought.
【联想拓展】
be in/out of tune (with sb/sth) （与…）协调╱不协调，一致╱不一致，融洽╱不融洽
in/out of tune 音调正确╱不正确；演奏合调╱走调
tune in (to sth) 收听（收音机广播节目）；收看（电视节目）
tune in to sb/sth 理解，体谅（他人的思想感情等）
tune out v. 关掉 tune up v. 调整；调音；[口]开始演奏
【经典例句】
I don't know the title but I recognize the tune. 我不知道曲名，但听得出这曲调。
These proposals are perfectly in tune with our own thoughts on the subject. 这些建议与我们在这个问题上的想法完全一致。
The radio was tuned (in) to the BBC World Service. 收音机调到了英国广播公司国际广播电台。
24. throw in 奉送，额外赠送 (17)
25. for good measure 作为额外增添 (17)
【原句背诵】
Most of the songs are about hardship and heartbreak, but also about hope—with plenty of humour thrown in for good measure. You can feel an emotional connection between you and the musicians.
【联想拓展】
throw in 掷界外球界外球
throw-in 界外球；发界外球；接通；掷边线球
throw in the towel 拱手认负；放弃
throw in one‘s hand 放弃；承认失败
【经典例句】
The dealer will throw in the painting for free. 小贩将免费赠送你一幅画。
If you buy a refrigerator, we will throw in a microwave oven.
如果你买一台电冰箱，我们免费赠送一台微波炉。
For good measure, they may also recommend topical medications as well as
over-the-counter painkillers. 或者更好的办法是，他们会给患者开一些局部止
痛药，又或者是介绍他们去买一些非处方止痛药。
26. rural / r r l/ adj. 乡村的，农村的 (17)
【原句背诵】
Country music shows the peaceful green fields and simple life of the countryside. Obviously I don’t know what it’s truly like to grow up in rural America, but the master of country music, like John Denver, can make you feel like you’re there.
【联想拓展】
rural areas 农村地区
a rural economy 农村经济
rural America 美国乡村
a rural way of life 乡村的生活方式
【反义词】urban adj. 城市的，城镇的
【经典例句】
These plants have a tendency to grow in the more rural areas. 这些植物
倾向于生长在更偏远的乡村地区。
Agriculture forms the backbone of the rural economy. 农业是农村经济
的基础。
The survey was carried out in both urban and rural areas. 该调查在城市和乡村地区都开展了。
【链接高考】
（2021浙江卷）More than 25 years ago, Saroo Brierley lived in rural（农村）India. 25年前，Saroo Brierley住在印度农村。
（2020江苏卷）In rural areas, where ambulances can take a relatively long time to arrive, the phone boxes have taken on a lifesaving role.在救护车需要很长时间才能到达的农村地区，电话亭起到了挽救生命的作用。
（2015安徽卷）The foods we eat—and when and how we eat them—are often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural (农村的) and urban areas within one country. 我们吃的食物——何时以及如何吃——往往是特定文化所特有的，甚至在一个国家的城乡地区也可能有所不同。
27. surroundings /s ra nd z/ n. 周围，环境 (17)
28. *heaven / hevn/ n. 极乐之地 (17)
29. *breeze /bri z/ n. 微风，和风 (17)
【原句背诵】
The simple tunes and beautiful natural images are often very suggestive of countryside surroundings:
Almost heaven, West Virginia
Blue Ridge Mountains, Shenandoah River
Life is old there, older than the trees
Younger than the mountains, growing like a breeze
(From “Take Me Home, Country Roads” by John Denver)
【联想拓展】
to work in pleasant surroundings 在愉快的环境中工作
surround v. 围绕，环绕；（军队，警察等）包围；与……紧密相连（或相关）
surrounding adj. 周围的，附近的 surrounded adj. 被……环绕着的
【警示误区】surrounding表示“环境，周围”时，要用其复数形式，意义同environment n. 自
然环境；周围状况
【经典例句】
The buildings have been designed to blend（混合）in with their surroundings. 这些建筑物设
计巧妙，与周围环境浑然一体。
【链接高考】
（2021浙江卷）The other side of the coin is equally a deprivation: for health and well-being, as well as lost opportunities（机会）for children to get to know their local surroundings. 硬币的另一面同样是一种剥夺:对健康和福祉，以及儿童失去了解当地环境的机会。
30. guarantee / ɡ r n ti / vt. 保证，担保；确保；为（产品）提
供保修 n. 保证，担保；保修单 (17)
【原句背诵】
Why don’t you try to listen to some great country music I guarantee you’ll enjoy it!
【联想拓展】
guarantee sth (against sth) 提供（产品）保修单
be guaranteed to do sth 肯定会；必定会
to give a guarantee of good behaviour 保证行为端正
be under guarantee 在保修期内
a money-back guarantee 退货保证
guarantee period 保修期；保质期
quality guarantee 品质保证，质量保证
credit guarantee 信用担保；信贷保证
【经典例句】
Basic human rights, including freedom of speech, are now guaranteed. 现在，包括言论自由在内的基本人权已有了保障。
We cannot guarantee (that) our flights will never be delayed. 我们不能保证我们的所有航班均不误点。
We guarantee to deliver your goods within a week. 我们保证一周内交货。
This iron is guaranteed for a year against faulty workmanship. 这种熨斗如有工艺缺陷可保修一年。
They are demanding certain guarantees before they sign the treaty. 他们要求得到某些保证后才签署条约。
He gave me a guarantee that it would never happen again. 他向我保证这种事情绝不会再发生。
Career success is no guarantee of happiness. 事业成功并不是幸福的保证。
There's no guarantee that she'll come (= she may not come) . 不能保证她一定会来。
【链接高考】
（2020新课标卷I）While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled，there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services. 尽管昆士兰铁路公司尽一切努力确保列车按时运行，但火车之间或火车服务与公共汽车服务之间的连接却无法得到保证。
（2017江苏卷）This complete but brief historical collection is certain to entertain readers young and old, and guaranteed to present even the biggest history lover with something new! 这个完整但简短的历史收集一定会娱乐年轻和年老的读者，并保证为最大的历史爱好群体提供一些新的东西!
（2016天津卷）Our Intensive Course builds on our Standard Course, with 10 additional lessons per week, guaranteeing the fastest possible language learning (see table below). 我们的强化课程建立在标准课程的基础上，每周增加10节课，保证最快的语言学习(见下表)。
31. jazz /d z/ n. 爵士乐 (19)
【原句背诵】
To give the public more access to music, we will put on a series of free concerts. Music in different styles, from classical to jazz, will be played.
32. arch /ɑ t / n. 拱门；拱 (19)
【原句背诵】
The first of these concerts will be held in front of the arch in the downtown square at eight next Friday e and spend a (3) pleasant evening with us!
33. adaptation / d p te n/ n. 改编本，改写本；适应 (19)
munist / k mj n st/ adj. 共产主义的 n. 共产主义者 (19)
35. *invader / n ve d (r)/ n. 武装入侵的军队（或国家），侵略者 (19)
【原句背诵】
The musical piece, an adaptation of Xian Xinghai’s Yellow River Cantata, tells how the Chinese people, led by the Communist Party of China, fought to (5) overcome the Japanese invaders.
【联想拓展】
cultural/social/environmental adaptation 文化/社会/环境适应
a screen adaptation of Shakespeare's ‘Macbeth’ 莎士比亚悲剧《麦克佩斯》的电影改写本
the adaptation of desert species to the hot conditions 沙漠物种对炎热环境的适应
adapt v. 适应；调整，使适合；改编；改造，改装; vi. 适应
adapt to something （使）适合；（使）适应
adapt for 调整，使适合于；为…改编
adapt oneself to 使自己适应于；适应；使自己适应
adaptive adj. 适应的，有适应能力的 adaptable adj. 适合的；能适应的；可修改的
adaptability n. 适应性；可变性；适合性
communism n. 共产主义 invade v. 武力入侵，侵略；大量涌入，蜂拥而入
【经典例句】
Branagh won two awards for his screen adaptation of Shakespeare's Henry the Fifth.
布拉纳因他对莎士比亚的《亨利五世》的荧幕改编而获了两次奖。
Most living creatures are capable of adaptation when compelled（迫使）to do so. 大多数生物在为情势所迫时都能适应。
But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit（排放）less carbon pollution.
但最理智的适应方式当然是调整我们的能源系统，以减少碳污染。
【链接高考】
（2020新课标卷III）On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation - not to air or to food, but to the ocean. 周四，在《细胞》杂志上发表的一篇文章中，一组研究人员报告了一种新的适应——不是对空气或食物，而是对海洋。
（2017全国卷III）These include custom-made navigation (导航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. 这些包括定制的导航工具，夜视系统和智能速度调整。
36. consist /k n s st/ of 由…组成（或构成） (19)
37. defend /d fend/ vt. & vi. 保护，防御；辩白，辩解 (19)
38. *solo / s l / n. 独奏，独唱 adj. 独自的；独唱的，独奏的 (19)
【原句背诵】
It consists of four movements: “The Song of the Yellow River Boatmen”, “Ode to the Yellow River”, “The Yellow River in Anger” and “Defend the Yellow River”. The difficult piano solo in particular (6) deserves a mention.
【联想拓展】
consist of 由…构成
consist in 在于；存在于
consist with 符合；与…一致
defend (sb/oneself/sth) (from/against sb/sth) 防御；保护；保卫；辩解；辩白
defender n. 防守队员，后卫；保护者，捍卫者
defens(c)e n. 防卫，防护；防御措施；防守
defensive adj. 防御的，戒备的；防守的；抵御的
【同义词（组）】consist of意义同be made up of, be composed of, is comprised of等。defend意义同protect。
The group consists of/comprises/is made up of/is composed of/is comprised of ten people. 这个小组由十个人组成。
【经典例句】
The committee consists of ten members. 委员会由十人组成。
Their diet consisted largely of vegetables. 他们的日常饮食以蔬菜为主。
My work at that time just consisted of typing letters. 我那时的工作只有打信。
My diet consisted almost exclusively（仅仅；专门）of chocolate-covered cookies and glasses of milk. 我的饮食几乎只包含裹上巧克力的曲奇饼和一杯杯牛奶。
True education does not consist in simply being taught facts. 真正的教育并不在于简单地讲授事实。
Now that you are able to take up arms and defend your motherland.
你现在能够披坚执锐，保卫祖国了。
The army will do whatever it takes to defend the motherland against any invasion. 军队将不惜一切代价保卫祖国不受任何侵略。
【链接高考】
（2019全国卷III）A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward. 研究人员训练了三只恒河猴，让它们将26个由数字和选择性字母组成的明显不同的符号与0-25滴水或果汁作为奖励联系起来。
（2019天津卷）With such models，scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs. Most food webs，for instance，consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones.
通过这些模型，科学家们发现了食物网的一些关键原理。 例如，大多数食物网是由许多薄弱环节组成，而不是由几个强环节组成。
（2018江苏卷）The extensive collection consists of masterworks in sculpture, colored glass, and precious objects from Europe dating from about the 9th to the 15th century. 馆内收藏了欧洲9世纪至15世纪的雕塑、彩色玻璃和珍贵物品。
（2018浙江卷）What is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags. 更有趣的是，斯坦的工作之一是保护塑料购物袋背后的产业。
39. flow /fl / vi. 流，流动；充满；涨起 n. 流，流动；连贯；涨潮 (20)
【原句背诵】
When Boya continued playing, Zhong Ziqi said he had heard the sound of a river flowing quickly. In fact, Boya had intended to call the piece High Mountains and Flowing Water.
【联想拓展】
flow (back/down, etc.)/flow (into, through, etc. sth) 流；流动
flow in 流入
flow (down/over sth) 飘垂；飘拂
traffic flow 交通流量 water flow 水流；水流量
to control the direction of flow 控制流向
an endless flow of refugees into the country 难民源源不断流入这个国家
to encourage the free flow of information 鼓励信息自由交流
go with the flow 随大溜
【经典例句】
A stream flowed gently down into the valley. 一条小溪缓缓地流进山谷。
The current flows into electric motors that drive the wheels. 电流流进电机，驱动轮子。
Large numbers of refugees continue to flow from the troubled region into the no-man's land.
大批的难民持续从骚乱地区涌进无人区。
She watched the frantic flow of cars and buses along the street. 她注视着街道上川流不息的小
车和巴士。
【链接高考】
（2021新高考卷I）His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn’t have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves. 他的工作是坐在钢琴家旁边，翻动乐谱，这样音乐家就不用自己翻动乐谱来破坏声音的流动。
（2016江苏卷）El Nifio sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round. 在厄尔尼诺现象中，当通常向西吹的风减弱或有时向相反方向吹时，在西太平洋积聚了数年的温暖的海水会向东回流。
40. *spacecraft / spe skrɑ ft/ n. (pl. spacecraft)航天（飞行）器，宇
宙飞船 (21)
41. solar / s l (r)/ adj. 太阳的；太阳能的 (21)
【原句背诵】
In 1977, two spacecraft called Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 were sent out (2) to explore (explore) the solar system. On both spacecraft, there is a selection of music from our planet.
【联想拓展】
manned spacecraft 载人飞船；人操纵的宇宙飞船
unmanned spacecraft 无人驾驶飞机；无人宇宙飞船
solar power/heating 太阳能动力╱加热
solar energy/power 太阳能；太阳能动力
application of solar energy 太阳能的利用
【警示误区】spacecraft的复数是spacecraft，不要加s！
【反义词】solar的反义词是lunar adj. 月亮的，月球的
42. greet /ɡri t/ vt. 问候，欢迎，招呼 (21)
【原句背诵】
(3) Sending (send) music into outer space was the idea of the famous scientist Carl Sagan, who believed intelligent life existed on other planets. The music was invented as a universal language to greet intelligent life in space (if there is any).
【联想拓展】
greet sb (with sth) 和（某人）打招呼（或问好）；欢迎；迎接
greet sb/sth (with/as sth) （以某种方式）对…作出反应
greeting n. 问候，招呼；贺词，祝福
【警示误区】greet是及物动词，其后直接接宾语，使用时要注意！
【经典例句】
The host greeted all the guests warmly as they arrived. 客人到达时主人都热情接待。
She greeted us with a smile. 她微笑着向我们打招呼。
The changes were greeted with suspicion. 这些变革受到人们的怀疑。
His research was greeted with scepticism by advocates for children, who
thought it was based on faulty data. 他的研究遭到儿童权益拥护者们的
怀疑，他们认为那是基于错误数据得出的。
【链接高考】
（2015湖南卷）When the inspector extended his hand to greet Glenn's mother, he slipped on the freshly oiled surface. 当巡查员伸出手去迎接格伦的母亲时，他在刚涂了油的表面上滑了一跤。
（2014浙江卷）Brazilians are warm and friendly. They often stand close when talking and it is common for them to touch the person on the shoulder. People often greet each other (particularly women) with light cheek kisses.巴西人热情友好。 他们说话的时候经常站得很近，而且经常会触碰对方的肩膀。 人们通常用轻吻脸颊来问候对方(尤其是女性)。
（2014浙江卷）Singaporeans shake hands when they meet and often also greet each other with a small, polite bow. 新加坡人见面时握手，也经常礼貌地鞠躬致意。
43. get down to (doing) sth 开始做某事，开始认真注意（或对待）
某事 (21)
44. suitable / su t bl; sju t bl/ adj. 合适的，适宜的，适当的，适
用的 (21)
【原句背诵】
A group of scientists and artists got down to (4) choosing (choose) suitable music.
【联想拓展】
get away 离开；逃脱；出发 get back 回来；恢复；取回；重新上台
get in 进入；到达；陷入；收获 get into 进入；陷入；穿上；习惯于
get on 上车，上马；进展，使前进
get off v. 动身；免于受罚；从…下来；脱下（衣服等）
get hold of 把握；抓住；得到 get rid of 摆脱；排除；处理掉
get out 离开，出去；泄露；出版 get out of 逃避；避免
get up 起床，筹备；打扮
get used/accustomed to 习惯于…
be suitable (for sth/sb)/ (to do sth) 合适的；适宜的；适当；适用
a suitable place for a picnic 适合野餐的地方
【警示误区】在get down to中，to是介词，其后要接名词、代词或动词-ing，使用时要注意！
With the election out of the way, the government can get down to business. 选举已结束，政
府能够着手处理正事了。
【经典例句】
We need to get down to the serious business of working out costs.
我们该认真地把成本算出来了。
The best hope is that we will mobilize international support and get down to action. 最大的希望就是我们将动员国际社会的支持，开始行动。
I can get down to nitpicking（挑剔）detail, I am pretty fussy about certain things. 我会挑剔细节，而且对某些事情我会相当吹毛求疵。
This programme is not suitable for children. 这个节目儿童不宜。
I don't have anything suitable to wear for the party. 我没有适合在聚会上穿的衣服。
Employers usually decide within five minutes whether someone is suitable for the job. 雇主们通常在5分钟内判断出某人是否适合那份工作。
45. recording /r k d / n. 录音，视频；录制；记录，记载 (21)
【原句背诵】
In the end, 27 different pieces of music (6) lasting (last) 90 minutes were put on the spacecraft. China is represented by a recording of Guan Pinghu (7) playing (play) an ancient piece called Flowing Water on the Chinese instrument qin. It is said that Boya wrote it.
46. distant / d st nt/ adj. 遥远的，远处的，久远的；冷淡的；远亲的 (21)
【原句背诵】
We do not know what will happen in the end, but maybe the sound of the qin will one day be heard on a distant planet.
【联想拓展】
the distant sound of music 远处的音乐声
a star 30, 000 light years distant from the Earth 离地球3万光年远的一颗恒星
a distant cousin/aunt/relative 远房堂兄弟╱姑母╱亲戚
in the distant past 远古
distantly adv. 远离地，遥远地；疏远地，冷淡地；模糊地
distance n. 远处；疏远，隔阂；（人或物之间的）差别，差距
【经典例句】
The time we spent together is now a distant memory. 我们一起度过的时光现已成为久远的记忆。
The airport was about 20 kilometres distant. 机场在大约20公里远的地方。
The mountains rolled away to a distant horizon. 群山绵延至遥远的天边。
Their life seemed utterly distant from his own. 他们的生活与他自己的生活似乎完全不同。
There was a distant look in her eyes from time to time, her thoughts elsewhere.
她的眼中时而出现恍惚的神情，她的思绪飘到别处。
【链接高考】
（2019天津卷）To many people，technology means computers，hand-held devices，or vehicles that travel to distant planets. However，technology is also the application of scientific knowledge to solve a problem，touching lives in countless ways.
对许多人来说，科技意味着电脑、手持设备或前往遥远星球的交通工具。 然而，科技也是运用科学知识解决问题，以无数种方式触动生活。
47. volume / v lju m/ n. 音量，响度；体积，容积，容量；量，额 (23)
48. stare /ste (r)/ vi. 盯着看，凝视，注视 n. 盯，凝视，注视 (23)
49. breath /breθ/ n. 呼吸的空气；一次吸入的空气；微量，迹象 (23)
【原句背诵】
I turned up the volume and stood staring at the radio, holding my breath and waiting for the first notes of the song.
【联想拓展】
to turn the volume up/down 把音量调大╱小
bottles of different volumes 不同容量的瓶子
sales volume 销售量
stare at 凝视，盯住 stare into v. 凝视
to take a deep breath 深深吸一口气
out of breath 喘不过气来，上气不接下气
take one’s breath away 使大吃一惊；使人高兴得说不出话来；令人屏息
breathtaking adj. 惊人的；惊险的；令人激动的
breathe v. 呼吸；呼出，吐出；吸入；低声说；透气
【经典例句】
How do you measure the volume of a gas 你如何计量气体的体积？
New roads are being built to cope with the increased volume of traffic. 正在修建新的道路以应付增加了的交通量。
Sales volumes fell 0.5% in June. 六月份的销售额下降了0.5%。
Tamara stared at him in disbelief, shaking her head.
塔玛拉摇着头不相信地盯着他看。
I stared blankly at the paper in front of me. 我茫然地看着面前这张纸。
He sat in a chair staring into space (= looking at nothing) . 他坐在椅子里凝视着前方。
She gave him a blank stare. 她面无表情地直视着他。
We had to stop for breath before we got to the top. 我们不得不喘口气，然后再登山顶。
He took a deep breath, and began to climb the stairs. 他深深地吸了一口气,然后开始爬楼梯。
We'll get a breath of fresh air at lunchtime. 我们午餐时出去透透气。
【链接高考】
（2021浙江卷）However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen — any screen — and stare at it for hours. 然而，我的孩子们放学后想做的是拿起一个屏幕——任何屏幕——盯着它看几个小时。
（2018天津卷）The museum was free. We entered, excited. A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared at us.
博物馆是免费的。 我们进入了博物馆，非常兴奋。 一群坐在大厅里的人停止了谈话，盯着我们看。
（2018北京卷）By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again. 17英里时，我上气不接下气，曾经受伤的脚踝痛得厉害。 不顾疼痛，我坚持走了一会儿，然后又跑了起来。
（2017天津卷）After climbing up a hill for a panoramic (全景的) view of the blue sea, white buildings and green olive trees, I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama. 爬上一座小山，欣赏蓝色的大海、白色的建筑和绿色的橄榄树的全景后，我停下来喘口气，然后调整自己的位置，拍下这张全景照片中最好的一张。
50. unusual / n ju u l/ adj. 特别的，不寻常的；独特的，与众不同的 (23)
【原句背诵】
When the song had finished, I stood not knowing whether I like it or not. However, this was not unusual.
【联想拓展】
not unusual 不稀罕；不在少数；不寻常
unusual weather 异常天气
an unusual colour 特别的颜色
unusually adv. 特别地，及其，非常；异常地，不同寻常地
unusualness 不寻常性; 奇异性
【同义词】uncommon adj. 不寻常的，罕有的，罕见的
【反义词】usual adj. 通常的，惯常的
【经典例句】
The girl has a very unusual name. 女孩的名字很特别。
It's unusual for the trees to flower so early. 这种树这么早开花很不寻常。
It's not unusual for young doctors to work a 70-hour week (= it happens often) . 年轻的医生每周工作70小时并不罕见。
【链接高考】
（2020新课标卷I）The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions. 麻省理工学院 (MIT) 的工程师们已经进一步改变了植物的实际成分，以使它们发挥不同的，甚至不寻常的功能。
（2020新课标卷II）Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles.在新奥尔良和布鲁克林举行的不同寻常的时装表演展示了用海狸鼠皮制成的不同风格的服装。
51. grab /ɡr b/ vt. & vi. 吸引；抓住；赶紧，抓紧 (23)
52. sweep /swi p/ vt. & vi. (swept, swept) 席卷，横扫；打扫；吹走；
清除 n. 打扫，清扫 (23)
【原句背诵】
The Beatles exploded onto the music scene in 1962 as four young men with unique haircuts. They immediately grabbed the attention of young people and soon the youth of the country were being swept along on waves of joyous rock and roll music and the hope for a better future.
【联想拓展】
grab at 抓住，抓取；抓住不放 grab at a straw 捞救命稻草
grab hold of vt. 控制（抓住） make a grab at/for…抓住…
sweep the floor 扫地；清洁地面；清扫地板，拖地板
sweep away 清除；一扫而空 sweep up 大扫除；收拾干净
sweep out 清除；扫除 sweep down 突袭
sweep sb off their feet 使某人立刻迷上自己；使某人对自己一见倾心
sweep sth under the carpet 掩盖某事
【警示误区1】grab的现在分词、过去式和过去分词要双写字母b，再加ing, ed, ed。
【警示误区2】sweep作动词时，是不规则变化，过去式、过去分词是swept, swept，
使用时要注意！
【经典例句】
He was clumsily trying to grab at Alfred's arms.
他正笨手笨脚地试图抓住艾尔弗雷德的手臂。
I jumped on the wall to grab the attention of the crowd.
我跳上墙头以引起众人的注意。
Those who seek to grab power through violence deserve punishment. 那些想凭借暴力夺取权力的人应该受到惩罚。
The owner of the shop was sweeping his floor when I walked in.
当我走进来时，那个店的店主正在扫地板。
An icy wind swept through the streets. 一阵寒风扫过那些街道。
A flu epidemic is sweeping through the area. 一场流感正在那个地区迅速传播。
Two of the soldiers swiftly began making a sweep of the premises.
其中的两名士兵立即开始对该场所进行搜查。
【链接高考】
（2020山东卷）Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. 电影开始前，每个妇女都被要求吃一份点心。 研究人员雇佣的一名演员先抓起了她的食物。
（2019天津卷）Hearing mom say,“ I can‘t believe what’s printed in the newspaper this morning,” made me want to grab it out of her hands and read it myself. 听到妈妈说:“我真不敢相信今天早上报纸上的新闻。” 我真想从她手里抢过来自己看看。
（2017全国卷III）Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater, employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups. 昨天，在广场剧院的最后一部电影结束几分钟后，员工们忙着清扫爆米花和收集可乐杯。
53. disc /d sk/ (AmE disk) n. 唱片；光碟，光盘；圆盘，圆片 (23)
【原句背诵】
Today, I have in my collection every disc ever made by the Beatles.
plicated / k mpl ke t d/ adj. 复杂的，难懂的 (23)
【原句背诵】
I truly love their music and enjoy looking at their musical journey from basic rock and roll, through their experimentation with more complicated and progressive sounds, and then back to the less complicated music of their final records.
【联想拓展】
a complicated system 复杂的系统 complicated structure 复式构造
a complicated social phenomenon 复杂的社会现象
complicate v. 使复杂化，使难以理解；引起并发症；使卷入，使陷入
【同义词】complex adj. 复杂的，难懂的
【经典例句】
The situation in Ukraine is very complicated. 乌克兰的形势非常复杂。
The instructions of the medicine look very complicated. 药品说明书看起来很难懂。
It's all very complicated—but I'll try and explain. 尽管这一切都很难理解，但我会尽力解释。
【链接高考】
（2018天津卷）With a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake.
使用3D打印机，厨师可以在婚礼蛋糕上打印复杂的巧克力雕塑和漂亮的装饰。
（2013天津卷）In adulthood the things that bring deep joy—love, marriage, birth—also bring responsibility and the risk of loss. For adults, happiness is complicated (复杂的).
成年后，能带来深深的喜悦的事情——爱情、婚姻、出生——也带来了责任和失去的风险。 对成年人来说，幸福是复杂的。
55. *lane /le n/ n.（乡间）小路；小巷；车道；跑道；航线 (23)
【原句背诵】
Whenever I listen to “She loves You”, I can instantly taken back to my teenage years. I can picture my bedroom decorated with posters of the Fab Four smiling down at me and I can see myself riding my bicycle through country lanes singing “yeah, yeah, yeah at the top of my voice.
56. accompany / k mp ni/ vt. 陪同，陪伴；伴随，与…同时发生；为…伴奏 (23)
57. expectation / ekspek te n/ n. 希望，盼望；预料，预期；期望，指望 (23)
【原句背诵】
Yes, the Beatles’ music has accompanied me throughout my life. It has helped me look to the future with expectations and now it helps me reflect on my life with quiet satisfaction.
【联想拓展】
accompany sb (at/on sth) （尤指用钢琴）为…伴奏
accompany with 伴随着，兼带着；陪…同行
accompany by 随行，伴奏；在…的陪同下
accompanist n. 伴奏者；随伴者
company n. 陪伴，同伴 in company with sb/sth 与…一起；与…同时
keep sb company 做伴，陪伴
in expectation 期望着；意料之中
live up to (one’s) expectations 按照期望做到，不负众望
beyond expectation 出乎意料
have expectations of (对…)抱有期望
【警示误区】在live up to (one’s) expectations中，要用expectation的复数形式。
【经典例句】
Ken agreed to accompany me on a trip to Africa. 肯同意陪我去非洲旅行。
She was accompanied by her younger brother. 她由她的弟弟陪着。
The singer was accompanied on the piano by her sister. 女歌手由她姐姐钢琴伴奏。
We are confident in our expectation of a full recovery. 我们满怀信心地期待着完全康复。
There was a general expectation that he would win. 普遍认为他会获胜。
Contrary to expectations , interest rates did not rise. 出乎意料的是利率并未上升。
The event did not live up to expectations . 这项比赛有负众望。
Some parents have unrealistic expectations of their children. 有的父母对孩子的指望不切实际。
【链接高考】
（2016全国卷II）In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck (海滩), by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival. 事实上，它们是从1914年到1916年拍摄的，大部分是在一次灾难性的海难之后，由一个对生存没有任何期望的摄影师拍摄的。
58. remarkable /r mɑ k bl/ adj. 非凡的，奇异的，显著的，引人注目的 (25)
【原句背诵】
Beethoven
a remarkable life
【联想拓展】
a remarkable achievement/career/talent 非凡的成就╱事业╱才能
remarkable effect 显著效果
remarkable ability 神通
remarkably adv. 不寻常地，惊人地；引人注目地
remarkableness n. 显著；异常
【经典例句】
She was a truly remarkable woman. 她是一位真正非同凡响的女人。
The area is remarkable for its scenery. 这一地区以其优美的景色而引人瞩目。
It's that kind of courage and determination that makes him such a remarkable character. 正是那种勇气和决心使他成为这样卓越的人。
【链接高考】
（2021浙江卷）He showed us that even a single desire, never given up on, can make for a remarkable life. 他告诉我们，即使简单的愿望，只要永不放弃，就可以成就非凡的人生。
（2013福建卷）Why are we releasing (发行) this silver dollar for such a remarkable price 为什么我们要以如此高的价格发行这枚银元
59. stream /stri m/ vi. & vt. 鱼贯而行，涌动；流，流动 n. 小溪；（人）流，（车）流 (25)
【原句背诵】
On 7 May 1824, a crowd of music lovers streamed into a theatre in Vienna to hear the first-ever performance of the great Ludwig Van Beethoven’s Symphony No. 9.
【联想拓展】
a stream of 一连串 data stream 数据流
mountain stream 山林小溪，山涧；高山流水
【经典例句】
Tears streamed down his face. 泪水顺着他的脸往下流。
Blood was streaming from her head. 血从她头上流出来。
Her head was streaming with blood. 她头上流着血。
People streamed across the bridge. 桥上行人川流不息。
Refugees have been streaming into Russia for months. 难民几个月来一直大量涌入俄罗斯。
There was a small stream at the end of the garden. 这个花园的尽头有一条小溪。
There was a stream of traffic behind him. 他身后有一股车流。
【链接高考】
（2015北京卷）He ate snow and drank water from a nearby stream so that his body
wouldn’t lose too much water. 他吃雪，喝附近小溪的水，这样他的身体就不会流失太多
水分。
60. enthusiastic / n θju zi st k/ adj. 热情的，热心的 (25)
【原句背诵】
The crowd immediately recognized that they were listening to something truly special, and they broke into enthusiastic cheers at the end of the symphony.
【联想拓展】
an enthusiastic supporter 热心的支持者
an enthusiastic welcome 热烈欢迎 an enthusiastic fan 发烧友
be enthusiastic (about sb/sth)/ (about doing sth) 热情的；热心的；热烈的；满腔热忱的
enthusiasm n. 热情，热忱；热衷的活动，热爱的事物
enthusiast n. 热衷者，爱好者；热烈支持者，热情赞成者
enthusiastically adv. 热心地；满腔热情地
【经典例句】
The winners were given an enthusiastic welcome when they arrived home. 获胜者凯旋而归时受到了热烈欢迎。
You don't sound very enthusiastic about the idea. 你好像对这个想法不太感兴趣。
He's always been very enthusiastic about sports. 他对体育运动一直很有热情。
Many people are enthusiastic about online shopping because of its convenience. 很多人热衷于网购的原因在于其便利性。
【链接高考】
（2020新课标卷II）I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. 我一直是个热心的读者，小时候有时一天读三本书。
（2019北京卷）Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created, and she's also positive about what the future might bring. 摩尔对自己制作的糖果充满热情，她也对未来充满信心。
61. handkerchief / h k t f; h k t i f/ n. (pl. handkerchiefs or handkerchieves) 手帕，纸巾 (25)
【原句背诵】
Before him, he saw a sea of people all standing, clapping , and waving their hats and handkerchiefs to express their appreciation of his masterwork.
62. vast /vɑ st/ adj. 大量的，辽阔的，巨大的 (25)
【原句背诵】
Symphony No 9 was Beethoven’s last major piece of music in a vast body of works written throughout his remarkable life.
【联想拓展】
a vast area of forest 莽莽苍苍的森林 a vast crowd 一大群人
a vast amount of information 大量信息
vastly adv. 非常，极其；极大地，广大地；深远地 vastness n. 巨大；广大；广漠
【经典例句】
He stared out at the vast emptiness that was the sea. 他放眼向辽阔无际的海洋望去。
Development has affected vast swathes（土地）of our countryside. 开发建设影响了乡村广大地区。
There was a vast distance between psychological clues and concrete proof. 心理线索和现实证据之间存在着巨大差距。
【链接高考】
（2021浙江卷）He remembered landmarks, but since he didn't know his town's name, finding a small neighborhood in a vast country proved to be impossible.
他记得一些地标，但因为他不知道自己所在的城镇的名字，所以要在这么大的地方找到一个小社区是不可能的。
（2020新课标卷II）“It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
“除非了解海狸鼠正每年破坏大片湿地，否则谈论无罪感皮衣是很疯狂的事情”，正直皮草的项目主管克里·麦克里说。
（2019江苏卷）These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack，leaving behind a vast hole. 这些火山的爆发力是如此之大，它们在一个大裂缝中爆发，留下一个巨大的洞。
63. gifted / ɡ ft d/ adj. 有才华的，有天赋的 (25)
【原句背诵】
As a gifted child, Beethoven was pushed by his father to study music day and night. Not long after, he began to be appreciated for his piano performances.
【联想拓展】
a gifted musician/player, etc. 天才的音乐家、运动员等
gifted children 天资聪慧的孩子
be gifted with sth 具有（令人愉快的东西）
be gifted for/at/in sth 有天赋；擅长
gift n. 才能，天赋
have a gift (for sth/for doing sth) 天赋；天才；才能
【同义词】talented adj. 有才能的；有天赋的
【经典例句】
She was an accomplished pianist, a superb swimmer, and a gifted artist. 她曾是一位很有造诣的钢琴家、一流的游泳健将和天才艺术家。
Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be a Beethoven.
布莱恩有写音乐的天赋；他很可能成为下一个贝多芬。
Michael may have been a dunce at mathematics, but he was gifted at languages. 迈克尔在数学方面可能是个笨学生，但他在语言方面是有天赋的。
Some of these gifted people may have done poorly in school because their, gifts were not scholastic. 有些有天赋的人可能在学校表现不佳，因为他们的天赋不是学术的。
【链接高考】
（2016全国卷II）Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published. 弗兰克·赫尔利是一位自信而有天赋的澳大利亚摄影师，他了解南极，他被请来拍摄了这些照片，其中大多数照片以前从未公开发表过。
64. reputation / repju te n/ n. 名誉，名声 (25)
【原句背诵】
By the time he was a teenager, he had already enjoyed a reputation as a wonderful young musician.
【联想拓展】
a reputation (as sth)/(for sth/for doing sth) 名誉；名声
to earn/establish/build a reputation 赢得╱确立╱树立声誉
to have a good/bad reputation 有好╱坏名声
have a reputation for vt. 出名因（因…而著称）；有…的好名声
to damage/ruin sb's reputation 有损╱毁坏某人的名声
live up to one’s reputation 名副其实
reputational 信誉的; 声誉的
【经典例句】
This college has a good academic reputation. 这所大学拥有良好的学术声誉。
She soon acquired a reputation as a first-class cook. 她不久就获得了顶级厨师的名声。
The weather in England is living up to its reputation (= is exactly as expected) . 英格兰的天气真是名副其实。
【链接高考】
（2018江苏卷）As for crowds, a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurant's reputation, suggesting great food at fair prices. 至于拥挤的人群，香港的一项研究发现，他们可以提高餐馆的声誉，意味着食物物美价廉。
（2015重庆卷）The camps have excellent horses, professional guides and lots of support workers. They have a reputation for providing a great riding experience. 这些营地有优秀的马匹、专业的向导和许多辅助工作人员。 他们以提供良好的骑行体验而闻名。
（2015湖南卷）Inspections were a regular part of lighthouse (灯塔) living, and a keeper's reputation depended on results. 检查是灯塔生活的一部分，看守人的声誉取决于检查结果。
65. brilliant / br li nt/ adj. 聪颖的，技艺高的；巧妙的；很成功的；
明亮的 (25)
66. prediction /pr d k n/ n. 预言，预测 (25)
67. extraordinary / k str dnri/ adj. 不寻常的，非凡的；意想不到的，
令人惊奇的 (25)
【原句背诵】
Many important figures in the music world, including the brilliant musician Mozart, started making predictions about Beethoven’s extraordinary future.
【联想拓展】
a brilliant performance/invention 出色的表演；杰出的发明
a brilliant career 一帆风顺的事业
a brilliant young scientist 一位才华横溢的青年科学家
brilliantly adv. 灿烂地；辉煌地；光亮地
brilliance n. 才华，聪慧；光亮，光辉
weather/earthquake prediction 天气/地震预报
predict v. 预言，预计，预卜
predictable adj. 可预测的，可预料的；老套乏味的，墨守成规的
predictive adj. 预言性的；成为前兆的
an extraordinary achievement 卓越的成就
extraordinarily adv. 极其，极端地；奇怪地
【经典例句】
The play was a brilliant success. 那出剧获得了巨大成功。
She has one of the most brilliant minds in the country. 她是全国最有才气的人之一。
The results of the experiment confirmed our predictions. 实验结果证实了我们的预测。
He was unwilling to make a prediction for the coming year.
他不愿对来年作出预言。
Skilled readers make use of context and prediction. 阅读能力强的人会利用上下文及推测来理解文意。
It's difficult to make accurate predictions about the effects on the environment. 很难准确预测对环境产生的影响。
The task requires extraordinary patience and endurance. 这项工作需要非凡的耐心和毅力。
They went to extraordinary lengths to explain their behaviour. 他们竭力为自己的行为辩解。
We've made extraordinary progress as a society in that regard. 我们社会在那方面已经取得了巨大进步。
【链接高考】
（2020江苏卷）In looking into the stories of biological discovery, I also began to find something else, a collection of scientists, usually brilliant occasionally half-mad, who made the discoveries. 在研究生物发现的故事时，我也开始发现一些其他的东西，一群科学家，通常是聪明的，偶尔是半疯的，他们做出了这些发现。
（2018江苏卷）However, they still did not know how to cope with mean-spirited jokes, or the sense of incompetence they might feel if they compared themselves to celebrities (名人）or more brilliant friends online. 然而，他们仍然不知道如何处理刻薄的笑话，或者当他们把自己与名人或更聪明的网络朋友相比时可能会感到的无能感。
（2021浙江卷）At the start of the 20th century, an American engineer named John Elfreth Watkins made predictions about life today. His predictions about slowing population growth, mobile phones and increasing height were close to the mark. But he was wrong in one prediction: that everybody would walk 10 miles a day. 在20世纪初，一位名叫约翰·埃尔弗里斯·沃特金斯的美国工程师对今天的生活做出了预测。 他对人口增长放缓、移动电话和身高增长的预测接近事实。 但他有一个预测错了：每个人每天都会走10英里。
68. depress /d pres/ vt. 使抑郁，使沮丧；使萧条，使不景气 (25)
69. upset / p set/ adj. 难过的，失望的/ p set/ vt. (upset, upset) 使烦恼；搅
乱；打翻 (25)
【原句背诵】
The loss of his hearing deeply depressed Beethoven. He was so upset that, at first, he wanted to keep it a secret.
【联想拓展】
depress sb/sth (to do sth) 使抑郁；使沮丧；使消沉；使失去信心
to depress wages/prices 减少工资；降低价格
depression n. 抑郁，沮丧；萧条（期），不景气
the great Depression of the 1930s 20世纪30年代的经济大萧条
depressed adj. 抑郁的，沮丧的；萧条的，不景气的
depressing v. （使）沮丧；（使经济）萧条
depressive adj. 抑郁的；压抑的
get upset (about sth)/(that)… 伤心；感到不安
upset sb/sth (to do sth) 使烦恼；使心烦意乱；使生气
【警示误区】upset作动词时，其现在分词、过去式和过去分词是：upsetting、
upset和upset。使用时要注意。
【经典例句】
The downward spiral in confidence is likely to depress growth even further. 市场信心的下滑可能会进一步拖累经济增长。
It depresses me to see so many young girls smoking. 看到这么多女孩抽烟令我感到很沮丧。
The recession has depressed the housing market. 经济衰退导致住房市场不景气。
Unhappiness does not only depress your mood, it also negatively affects your health. 忧虑不仅让你心情沮丧，也损害你的健康。
This decision is likely to upset a lot of people. 这项决定很可能会使许多人不快。
Don't upset yourself about it—let's just forget it ever happened. 你别为这事烦恼了---咱们就只当它没发生过。
It upsets me to think of her all alone in that big house. 想到她孤身一人守着那所大房子，我就感到不舒服。
These latest comments could upset the peace negotiations which are due to begin next week. 这些最新的评论可能搅乱定于下周开始的和平谈判。
【链接高考】
（2016天津卷）Though I worked as hard as before, I felt no fatigue. Success was now as exciting as failure had been depressing.虽然我像以前一样努力工作，但我不觉得累。 成功使人兴奋，失败使人沮丧。
（2013湖南卷）Rather than feeling excited by this drive through the mountains, I found it depressing. The poverty level was shocking and the small shabby houses gave me the greatest feeling of hopelessness. 这趟穿越群山的旅程让我感到沮丧，而不是兴奋。 那里的贫困程度令人震惊，破旧的小房子给了我最大的绝望感。
（2020天津卷）Thanks to the Silence Machine, a British invention, you can get rid of the sound without upsetting the boy or his parents. 多亏了英国发明的消音机，你可以在不让孩子或他的父母心烦的情况下消除这种声音。
（2019江苏卷）The task was so hard, and Steve, angry and upset, said he was quitting. 任务是如此艰巨，史蒂夫生气而沮丧地说，他要辞职。
70. possess /p zes/ vt. 具有（特质）；拥有；支配，控制 (26)
【原句背诵】
In a letter to his brothers, he wrote, “…how could I possibly admit a weakness in the one sense which should be more perfect in me than in others, a sense which I once possessed in the greatest perfection…”
【联想拓展】
possess oneself 自制，镇静
possession n. <正式> 拥有，持有；个人财产，所有物
in possession of something 拥有(或占有)某物
to win/get/lose possession of the ball 赢得╱得到╱失去对球的控制
possessive adj. 占有欲强的，有控制欲的；不愿与人分享的，自私的
【经典例句】
The gallery possesses a number of the artist's early works. 这座画廊藏有那位画家的一些早期作品。
Recently, birds have been found to possess some of the same cognitive abilities! 最近，人们发现鸟类也有一些相同的认知能力！
He was then arrested and charged with possessing an offensive weapon.
他随后被逮捕了并被指控拥有攻击性武器。
【链接高考】
（2016江苏卷）There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally possessed in young children. 有几个理由可以相信，帮助、告知和分享的欲望不是教出来的，而是幼儿天生就有的。
（2015江苏卷）Athens was more and more looked on as a cooperative business possessed of great wealth in which all citizens had a right to share. 雅典越来越被视为一个拥有巨大财富的合作企业，所有公民都有权分享财富。
（2015天津卷）They are potential powers we possess: energy, skill, sound judgment, creative ideas — even physical strength greater than most of us realize. 它们是我们所拥有的潜在力量：精力、技能、正确的判断力、创造性的想法——甚至是我们大多数人都没有意识到的身体力量。
71. abandon / b nd n/ vt. 中止，放弃，不再有；抛弃；舍弃 (26)
【原句背诵】
Even in his darkest moments, however, Beethoven never abandoned hope.
【联想拓展】
abandon sb to sth（不顾责任、义务等）离弃，遗弃，抛弃
abandon sth to sb/sth （不得已而）舍弃，丢弃，离开
abandon oneself to (doing) sth 沉溺于
abandoned adj. 被抛弃的；（房屋，车辆）被废弃的；无约束的，恣意放荡的
abandonment n. 抛弃；放纵
with abandon 恣意地，放纵地
【同义词】desert vt. 离弃，舍弃（某地）；抛弃
【经典例句】
Snow forced many drivers to abandon their vehicles. 大雪迫使许多驾驶者弃车步行。
Their decision to abandon the trip was made because of financial constraints（限
制）. 他们放弃这次旅行的决定是因财务限制而作出的。
The study showed a deep fear among the elderly of being abandoned to the
care of strangers. 研究表明，老人十分害怕被丢给陌生人照管。
【链接高考】
（2020江苏卷）LoveFone, a company that advocates repairing cellphones rather than abandoning them, opened a mini workshop in a London phone box in 2016. LoveFone是一家提倡维修手机而不是丢弃手机的公司，2016年，该公司在伦敦的一个电话亭里开设了一个迷你车间。
（2018全国卷III）Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages. 王收集了700多万块不同年代的废弃砖块。
（2017全国卷III）However, these plans were abandoned because of financial problems. 然而，由于财政问题，这些计划被放弃了。
72. all of a sudden 突然，猛地 (26)
73. *orchestra / k str / n. 管弦乐队 (26)
【原句背诵】
The first movement starts quietly, but all of a sudden the whole orchestra breaks into an energetic theme.
【经典例句】
Knowledge can not be learnt or grasped all of a sudden.
知识不是一下子能够学会或掌握的。
All of a sudden someone grabbed me around the neck.
猛不防有人抓住了我的脖子。
All of a sudden, he saw a hole in the wall, from which the sea water was running. 突然，他看见墙上有个洞，海水从洞里涌了出来。
74. desperate / desp r t/ adj. 绝望的；不惜冒险的；极其需要的；极严重的 (26)
75. uplifting / p l ft / adj. 令人振奋的，鼓舞人心的 (26)
【原句背诵】
The next two movements are full of desperate lows and uplifting highs which perhaps reflect both his suffering and his strong will to fight it.
【联想拓展】
a desperate bid for freedom 孤注一掷争取自由的努力
be desperate for sth/to do sth
desperately adv. 绝望地，拼命地，不顾一切地；非常，极其
desperation n. 绝望的境地；不顾一切拼命
an uplifting experience/speech 令人振奋的经历╱演说
a charming and uplifting love story 一个引人入胜、令人振奋的爱情故事。
uplift pressure 浮力
【经典例句】
People in the disastrous areas face a desperate shortage of clean water. 灾区人们面临清洁水源的严重短缺。
His increasing financial difficulties forced him to take desperate measures . 不断增加的经济困难迫使他采取了铤而走险的办法。
Stores are getting desperate after two years of poor sales. 两年来销路不畅，实体店不惜冒起险来。
Doctors were fighting a desperate battle to save the little girl's life. 医生们不惜一切地奋力抢救小女孩的生命。
He was so desperate for a job he would have done anything. 他当时太想找份工作了，什么事都愿意干。
【链接高考】
（2014湖南卷）As Mrs. Totten made her way from the beginning of the class，I desperately tried to determine which math problem I would get. I tried to work it out before she got to me, but I had brain freeze and couldn’t function. 当托顿夫人开始上课时，我拼命地想知道我会遇到哪一道数学题。 我试着在她来找我之前想明白，但我的大脑僵住了，无法正常思考。
76. ease /i z/ n. 容易，轻易；舒适，安逸vi. & vt.（使）宽慰，减轻 (26)
77. genius / d i ni s/ n. 天赋，天资；天才 (26)
78. variation / ve ri e n/ n. 变奏，变奏曲；变化，变更；变体，变种 (26)
79. chorus / k r s/ n. 合唱曲；副歌；合唱团 (26)
【原句背诵】
The music moves through technically difficult sections with ease, showing his genius as a composer. Finally, in the fourth movement, he connects all of the different variations into a joyful chorus.
【联想拓展】
with ease 熟练地；不费力地 at ease 安逸，自由自在；舒适
ease the tension 缓和紧张状况；缓和紧张局势
ease up v. 缓和；放松；减轻 ease off 减轻；缓和；放松
a mathematical/comic, etc. genius 数学、喜剧等天才
a genius for sth/for doing sth （特别的）才能，本领
regional/seasonal variation (= depending on the region or time of year) 地区性╱季节性变化
a set of variations on a theme by Mozart 以莫扎特某一乐曲为主题的一组变奏曲
vary v. （使）不同，（使）呈现差异；（根据情况而）变化，改变
various adj. 各种各样的；迥异的，千差万别的
variable adj. 易变的，多变的；时好时坏的；可变的
【同义词】genius的同义词：talent n. 天赋，才能；天才，人才
【经典例句】
In his retirement, he lived a life of ease. 他退休后过着悠闲舒适的生活。
This computer is popular for its good design and ease of use . 这种计算机因设计巧妙、简单易用而广受欢迎。
Anne was intelligent and capable of passing her exams with ease.
安妮很聪明，能够轻易地通过考试。
The ease with which she learns languages is astonishing. 她学习语言之轻松令人惊讶。
This medicine should help ease the pain. 这种药有助于减轻痛苦。
The plan should ease traffic congestion in the town. 这项计划对城里的交通拥挤状况应该有所缓解。
He had a genius for making people feel at home. 他有一种能够使人感觉轻松自在的本领。
Chaplin was not just a genius, he was among the most influential figures in film history. 卓别林不仅是个天才，还是电影史上最有影响的人物之一。
【链接高考】
（2021全国甲卷）Let‘s state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. 我们说清楚：爱因斯坦是个天才。 他的脸几乎是国际上天才的象征。 但我们想要超越一个人，探索天才的本质。
80. grand /ɡr nd/ adj. 宏大的，宏伟的；壮丽的，堂皇的 (26)
81. *finale /f nɑ li/ n. 末乐章，终场，结局；结尾 (26)
【原句背诵】
As Beethoven’s last great work, his Symphony No.9 was also a grand finale to his life-- he died less than three years after the concert in Vienna, aged 56.
【联想拓展】
a grand design/plan/strategy 宏伟的蓝图；宏大的计划；重大的战略思想
a/the grand old age 高龄
a/the grand old man (of sth) 元老；资深前辈；老前辈
the Grand Canyon （美）大峡谷 the Grand Canal（中）大运河
【经典例句】
The winner of each contest goes through to the grand final. 每场比赛的胜者进入最后的决赛。
This grand building in the centre of town used to be the hub of the capital's social life.
这座位于城镇中央的宏伟建筑曾经是首都社交生活的中心。
The wedding was a very grand occasion. 婚礼场面非常隆重。
Fred did a grand job of painting the house. 弗雷德粉刷房子干得很出色。
Hamilton revealed his grand design for the economic future of the United States.
汉密尔顿透露了他对美国未来经济的宏伟计划。
82. *rhythm / r m/ n. 节奏，韵律，律动；规律 (27)
【原句背诵】
Style
It combines rhythms from Western and Latin American pop music.
It has a strong beat and a catchy chorus.
【联想拓展】
to dance to the rhythm of the music 随着音乐的节奏跳舞
music with a fast/slow/steady rhythm 节奏快的╱慢的╱平稳的音乐
the rhythm of the seasons 四季的更迭
rhythmic adj. 有节奏的，有韵律的；规律性发生的; n. 韵律学（=rhythmics）
rhythmical adj. 有节奏的；有韵律的
rhythmically adv. 有节奏地