2022届高考英语二轮复习：同位语从句导学案（无答案）

同位语从句 (Appositive Clauses)
在复合句中用作名词同位语的从句，叫做同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词的后面，用以解释或说明前面的名词。常见的名词有：idea, news, fact, word, promise, answer, belief, doubt, hope, information, knowledge, law, opinion, plan, advice, suggestion, thought, truth, message, question, problem, report, order, feeling, warning, possibility, fear, statement, explanation, wish等。引导同位语从句的词有连词that, whether；连接代词who, what, which等；连接副词how, when, where, why等。
1. 连词that, whether引导的同位语从句
that, whether引导同位语从句，它们只起连接作用，不作句子成分。that无意义，whether意为“是否”，都不能省略。
We heard the news that our team had won。我们听到了我们队胜利的消息。
The fact that he had said nothing surprised us. 他什么也没说这一事实使我们感到惊奇。
I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.
我许下诺言，如果有人把我放了，我将使他很富有。
Word came that he failed in the exam. 他考试不及格的消息传来了。
The question whether we need more time to do the work hasn’t been discussed.
我们是否需要更多的时间来做这份工作这一问题还没有被讨论。
There is great doubt whether he is guilty or not. 他是否有罪有很大的怀疑。
典题赏析：
1) It is a fact ___________ smoking is a danger to health. 吸烟危害健康，这是事实。
2) There is no doubt ___________ he is guilty. 毫无疑问，他是有罪的。
3) Word came ___________ I was wanted at the office. 办公室有人找我的消息传来了。
4) The story goes ___________ he beats his wife. 传说他打老婆。
5) I have no idea ___________ he’ll come or not. 我不知道他是否来。
2. 连接代词who, what, which等引导的同位语从句
who, what, which等引导的同位语从句，在同位语从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语等，有具体的意思且不能省略。
I have no idea who will go there. 我不知道谁将去那儿。
Do you have any idea what is going on there 你知道那儿正在发生什么事？
I have no idea which book you like best. 我不知道你最喜欢哪本书。
典题赏析：
1) The question ___________ should do the work need consideration.
谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。
2) I have no idea ___________ we can do with these waste materials.
我不知道我们该怎样处理这些费原料。
3) I have no idea ___________ film you like best. 我不知道你最喜欢哪部电影。
3.连接副词how, when, where, why等引导的同位语从句
when, how, where, why等引导同位语从句，在从句中作状语，有具体的意思且不能省略。
I have no idea when he will be back。我不知道他何时会回来。
You have no idea how worried I was. 你不知道我有多担心啊。
I have no idea where he has gone. 我不知道他去了哪里。
The problem why the earth is becoming warmer and warmer is still under discussion.
地球为什么变得越来越暖这一问题仍在讨论中。
典题赏析：
1) It is a question ___________ he did it. 那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。
2) I have no idea ___________ he will be back 我不知道他将何时回来。
4. 使用同位语从句应注意的事项
①名词advice, suggestion, proposal, order, demand等后的同位语从句要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形，should可以省略。
The advice that the plan (should) be delayed will be discussed tomorrow.
推迟那项计划的建议将在明天讨论。
She refused the demand that he (should) do the work alone.
她拒绝了他单独做那项工作的请求。
②同位语从句与定语从句的区别。同位语从句是对前面的名词起解释说明的作用；定语从句是对前面的名词或代词起修饰限定的作用。区别它们的一个简便的方法：把“名词+that”结构取出，能在名词和that之间加个be动词构成一个表语从句，就是同位语从句，否则就是定语从句。
The news that we won the game is true. 我们赢得比赛的消息是真的。（同位语从句）
The news that we heard is true. 我们听到的那个消息是真的。（定语从句）
同位语从句专练：
1) I have no idea _____________________________（光传播的有多么地快）.
2) They expressed the hope __________ they would come over to China.
3) The fact __________ he didn’t see Tom yesterday is true.
4) I have no idea __________ he will come back.
5) One of the men held the view __________ __________ the book said was right.
6) Word has come ____________ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.
7) She made a promise ____________ ___________ anyone saved her father, she would marry him.
8) The problem _______________ it is right or wrong has not yet been decided.
9) At that time I had no idea ______________ I could hand it to him without being seen.
10) Scientists have obtained more evidence ___________ plastic is finding its way into the human body.
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1. how fast light travels 2. that 3. that 4.when 5. that, what 6. that 7. that, if 8. whether 9. how 10. that
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