Discovering Useful Structures
过去分词作表语和状语
观察并完成下列课文原句
1. Born (born) in the USA on 2 January 1970, Whitacre began studying music at the University of Nevada in 1988.
2. Moved (move) by this music, he said, “It was like seeing color for the first time. ”
3. Inspired (inspire), he asked his fans to make videos, which he then joined together into one performance.
一、过去分词作表语
1. 过去分词作表语主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。
*(2020·浙江高考) After a long run, you may feel like you ’re in pain, you may feel tired.
跑一大段距离后, 你或许会感到疼痛, 疲惫。
*(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own.
詹尼弗现在结婚了, 并且有了三个孩子。
2. “get + 过去分词”也能用于被动结构和系表结构, 用于被动结构时, 它强调动作的发生; 用于系表结构时, 它强调状态的变化。
*(2020·浙江高考)I couldn ’t quite believe my luck—it turned out no one got badly hurt.
我简直不敢相信我的运气——没有一个人严重受伤。
过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别
过去分词作表语时, 强调主语所处的状态; 而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者, 强调动作。
*The library is now closed.
图书馆现在关闭了。(状态)
*The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.
昨天我妹妹把杯子打碎了。(动作)
3. 有些过去分词作表语时, 相当于形容词, 且大部分已转化为形容词, 常见的有: delighted, disappointed, discouraged, drunk, amused, astonished, interested, crowded, tired, satisfied, pleased, surprised, worried, excited, married, puzzled等。
*(2020· 天津高考)For people who are interested in sound, the field of sound technology is definitely making noise. 对于那些对声音感兴趣的人来说, 声音技术行业(领域)肯定就是在制造噪音。
*I am delighted to hear that you will come to China and join me in community service.
我很高兴听说你将要来中国, 加入我的社区服务。
充当形容词的动词-ing形式和过去分词的区别: 动词-ing形式一般具有主动意义, 表示“起某种作用”, 多用于说明事物本身的性质、特征及给人的感觉, 常译为“令人……的”; 过去分词一般具有被动意义, 表示“受某种影响”, 多用于形容人的感觉, 常译为“感到……的”。
*We were all encouraged at the encouraging news that COVID-19 had been under control.
我们对于新冠肺炎疫情已经得到控制这个令人鼓舞的消息感到备受鼓舞。
单句语法填空
(1)The story they heard over the radio was very moving (move).
(2)Please remain seated (seat); the winner of the prize will be announced soon.
(3)He looked disappointed (disappoint) when he heard the news.
(4)He returned and found the door remained locked (lock).
(5)He got injured (injure) in the accident and was sent to the hospital immediately.
二、过去分词作状语
过去分词在句中能作状语修饰谓语动词或整个句子。过去分词在句中作状语时, 可表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随、结果、让步等。
1. 原因状语
*Troubled by the great inconvenience, the old man decided to remove the mountains which blocked the way.
被这一巨大的不便所困扰, 老人决定把挡路的大山移走。
2. 时间状语
*When asked why they skip breakfast, some students say they think of breakfast as the least important meal of the day. 当被问及为什么不吃早餐时, 一些学生说他们认为早餐是一天当中最不重要的一顿饭。
3. 条件状语
*Given enough time and proper guidance, the boy is sure to make progress in study. 如果给予足够的时间和适当的指导, 这个孩子在学习上一定会取得进步。
4. 方式或伴随状语
*(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)As requested, we began to pick strawberries with caution for fear that some plants were destroyed.
按照要求的那样, 我们开始小心地摘草莓, 以免破坏植株。
*Faced with the present situation, you should respond actively to it.
面对目前的处境, 你应该积极做出反应。
5. 让步状语
过去分词作状语, 表示时间、原因、条件、让步时可转换为相应的状语从句; 表示方式、结果和伴随时可转化为并列分句。
*Given a lot of money, he lived a better life.
→After he was given a lot of money, he lived a better life.
给他许多钱后, 他的日子过得好多了。
*The film star got off the train, surrounded by her fans.
→The film star got off the train and she was surrounded by her fans.
那位电影明星走下火车, 被她的“粉丝”团团围住。
三、过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别
1. 逻辑关系
过去分词作状语与现在分词作状语的最主要区别在于: 两者与所修饰的句子主语之间的逻辑关系的区别。
(1)过去分词作状语时, 过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系。
*Supported by my parents, I applied to join the school track team.
得到爸妈的支持, 我申请加入校田径队。
(2)现在分词作状语时, 现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
*Thinking of this, he felt a little comfortable because he could do something to make up for his mistake.
想起这件事, 他感觉有点舒服, 因为他可以做点事情弥补自己的错误。
(3)部分过去分词来源于系表结构, 作状语时不表示“被动关系”, 其前不用being。常见的这种过去分词及短语有: lost in(陷入某种状态)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、lost/absorbed(沉溺于)、 born in(出生于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦了)等。
*Born in a music-loving family, I learned to play the piano as a child.
出生于一个热爱音乐的家庭, 我小时候就学会了弹钢琴。
2. 时间概念
过去分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前, 或表示“一种状态”, 与谓语动作同时发生或存在。现在分词的一般式(doing)表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或在说话时正在进行。
*Written in a hurry, this article was not so good.
因为写得匆忙, 这篇文章不是很好。
*Reading carefully, he found something he hadn ’t known before.
他仔细读书时, 发现了一些从前不知道的东西。
【巧学助记】 分词作状语记忆口诀
分词作状语, 主语是关键。
前后两动作, 共用一主语。
主语找出后, 再来判关系。
主动用-ing, 被动用-ed。
【知识延伸】
独立主格结构
非谓语动词作状语时, 它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语, 我们称之为独立主格结构, 在句中作状语。
独立主格结构的特点: ①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子主语不同, 它独立存在; ②独立主格结构中作主语的名词或代词与后面的分词或不定式是逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系; ③独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子隔开。
独立主格结构的构成: ①名词/代词+分词; ②名词/代词+不定式; ③with/without+名词/代词+分词/不定式。
*The test finished(=When the test was finished), we began our holiday.
考试结束后, 我们就开始放假了。
*The president assassinated(=Because the president was assassinated), the whole country was in deep sorrow.
总统被暗杀了, 全国上下都沉浸在悲痛之中。
*Weather permitting(=If the weather permits), we are going to visit you tomorrow.
如果天气允许, 我们明天去看你。
*I stood before her with my heart beating fast.
我站在她面前, 心跳得很快。
单句语法填空
(1)Although built (build) before the war, the engine is still in perfect order.
(2) Surprised (surprise) at what happened, Tom didn ’t know what to do.
(3) Seen (see) from here, the picture appears beautiful indeed.
(4) Asked (ask) for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
(5)(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Everyone was silent, waiting (wait) to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.
(6)When given (give) a medical examination, you should keep calm.
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. Edited (edit) by three language experts, it has been popular with the readers ever since it came out two years ago.
2. Tony is really amusing and tells jokes when he thinks we ’re getting bored (bore).
3. Filled (fill) with pride, we are looking forward to the next activity.
4. He stood there silently, moved (move) to tears.
5. Attracted (attract) by the beautiful sight, I couldn ’t wait to go outside with my camera.
6. Though defeated (defeat) many times, the man didn ’t lose heart.
7. Based (base) on what you know about me, please give me some personal suggestions.
8. Given (give) more attention, the tree could have grown better.
9. Professor Wang will give us a lecture about the history of Chinese tea, followed (follow) by a performance of Chinese tea show.
10. As we joined the big crowd I got lost (lose) from my friends.
Ⅱ. 句型转换
1. Because you are interested in Peking Opera, you are sure to enjoy this exhibition.
→Interested in Peking Opera, you are sure to enjoy this exhibition.
2. If they are given enough water and sunlight, the plants will grow to three metres.
→Given enough water and sunlight, the plants will grow to three metres.
3. When all work was finished, he had time to have a good rest.
→All work finished, he had time to have a good rest.
4. When they heard the bell, the students began to enter the classroom.
→Hearing the bell, the students began to enter the classroom.
5. As they were influenced by the warm-hearted worker ’s example, the couple did countless good deeds.
→Influenced by the warm-hearted worker ’s example, the couple did countless good deeds.
6. Mr Li was deeply moved, and thanked the kids again and again.
→Mr Li, deeply moved, thanked the kids again and again.
7. When you are faced with some tough problems, you might consider asking your teachers for help.
→Faced with some tough problems, you might consider asking your teachers for help.
根据汉语提示, 用本单元的语法完成下列句子, 并组成一篇连贯的短文。
1. 随着新冠肺炎(COVID-19)的扩散, 很多人担心会感染(infect)新冠肺炎。(be/get done)
2. 然而在中国, 无数医生和研究人员努力工作, 旨在控制新冠肺炎疫情(pandemic)。(aimed to do)
3. 受到他们的鼓舞, 我们对未来充满了信心。
4. 面对这种形势, 作为一名高中生, 我们应该努力学习。
With COVID-19 spreading, many people were worried that they might get infected this virus. However, in China there were many doctors and researchers working hard, aimed to put the COVID-19 pandemic under control. Inspired by them, we were confident of our future. Faced with this situation, as a senior student, we should study hard.
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Unit 5 Music
Discovering Useful Structures
过去分词作表语和状语
语法精讲·思维构建
【语法感知】
观察并完成下列课文原句
1. _____(born) in the USA on 2 January 1970, Whitacre began studying music at the
University of Nevada in 1988.
2. ______(move) by this music, he said, “It was like seeing color for the first
time. ”
3. ________(inspire), he asked his fans to make videos, which he then joined
together into one performance.
Born
Moved
Inspired
一、过去分词作表语
1. 过去分词作表语主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。
*(2020·浙江高考) After a long run, you may feel like you ’re in pain, you may feel tired.
跑一大段距离后, 你或许会感到疼痛, 疲惫。
*(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own.
詹尼弗现在结婚了, 并且有了三个孩子。
2. “get + 过去分词”也能用于被动结构和系表结构, 用于被动结构时, 它强调动作的发生; 用于系表结构时, 它强调状态的变化。
*(2020·浙江高考)I couldn ’t quite believe my luck—it turned out no one got badly hurt.
我简直不敢相信我的运气——没有一个人严重受伤。
【名师点津】
过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别
过去分词作表语时, 强调主语所处的状态; 而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者, 强调动作。
*The library is now closed.
图书馆现在关闭了。(状态)
*The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.
昨天我妹妹把杯子打碎了。(动作)
3. 有些过去分词作表语时, 相当于形容词, 且大部分已转化为形容词, 常见的有:
delighted, disappointed, discouraged, drunk, amused, astonished, interested, crowded,
tired, satisfied, pleased, surprised, worried, excited, married, puzzled等。
*(2020· 天津高考)For people who are interested in sound, the field of sound
technology is definitely making noise. 对于那些对声音感兴趣的人来说, 声音技术
行业(领域)肯定就是在制造噪音。
*I am delighted to hear that you will come to China and join me in community
service.
我很高兴听说你将要来中国, 加入我的社区服务。
【名师点津】
充当形容词的动词-ing形式和过去分词的区别: 动词-ing形式一般具有主动意义, 表示“起某种作用”, 多用于说明事物本身的性质、特征及给人的感觉, 常译为“令人……的”; 过去分词一般具有被动意义, 表示“受某种影响”, 多用于形容人的感觉, 常译为“感到……的”。
*We were all encouraged at the encouraging news that COVID-19 had been under control.
我们对于新冠肺炎疫情已经得到控制这个令人鼓舞的消息感到备受鼓舞。
【即学活用】 单句语法填空
(1)The story they heard over the radio was very _______(move).
(2)Please remain ______(seat); the winner of the prize will be announced soon.
(3)He looked ____________(disappoint) when he heard the news.
(4)He returned and found the door remained ______(lock).
(5)He got _______(injure) in the accident and was sent to the hospital immediately.
moving
seated
disappointed
locked
injured
二、过去分词作状语
过去分词在句中能作状语修饰谓语动词或整个句子。过去分词在句中作状语时, 可表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随、结果、让步等。
1. 原因状语
*Troubled by the great inconvenience, the old man decided to remove the mountains which blocked the way.
被这一巨大的不便所困扰, 老人决定把挡路的大山移走。
2. 时间状语
*When asked why they skip breakfast, some students say they think of breakfast as the least important meal of the day. 当被问及为什么不吃早餐时, 一些学生说他们认为早餐是一天当中最不重要的一顿饭。
3. 条件状语
*Given enough time and proper guidance, the boy is sure to make progress in study. 如果给予足够的时间和适当的指导, 这个孩子在学习上一定会取得进步。
4. 方式或伴随状语
*(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)As requested, we began to pick strawberries with caution for fear that some plants were destroyed.
按照要求的那样, 我们开始小心地摘草莓, 以免破坏植株。
*Faced with the present situation, you should respond actively to it.
面对目前的处境, 你应该积极做出反应。
5. 让步状语
【名师点津】
过去分词作状语, 表示时间、原因、条件、让步时可转换为相应的状语从句; 表示方式、结果和伴随时可转化为并列分句。
*Given a lot of money, he lived a better life.
→After he was given a lot of money, he lived a better life.
给他许多钱后, 他的日子过得好多了。
*The film star got off the train, surrounded by her fans.
→The film star got off the train and she was surrounded by her fans.
那位电影明星走下火车, 被她的“粉丝”团团围住。
三、过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别
1. 逻辑关系
过去分词作状语与现在分词作状语的最主要区别在于: 两者与所修饰的句子主语之间的逻辑关系的区别。
(1)过去分词作状语时, 过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系。
*Supported by my parents, I applied to join the school track team.
得到爸妈的支持, 我申请加入校田径队。
(2)现在分词作状语时, 现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主
谓关系。
*Thinking of this, he felt a little comfortable because he could do something to
make up for his mistake.
想起这件事, 他感觉有点舒服, 因为他可以做点事情弥补自己的错误。
(3)部分过去分词来源于系表结构, 作状语时不表示“被动关系”, 其前不用
being。常见的这种过去分词及短语有: lost in(陷入某种状态)、seated(坐着的)、
hidden(躲着)、lost/absorbed(沉溺于)、 born in(出生于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired
of(厌烦了)等。
*Born in a music-loving family, I learned to play the piano as a child.
出生于一个热爱音乐的家庭, 我小时候就学会了弹钢琴。
2. 时间概念
过去分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前, 或表示“一种状态”, 与谓语动
作同时发生或存在。现在分词的一般式(doing)表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生
或在说话时正在进行。
*Written in a hurry, this article was not so good.
因为写得匆忙, 这篇文章不是很好。
*Reading carefully, he found something he hadn ’t known before.
他仔细读书时, 发现了一些从前不知道的东西。
【巧学助记】 分词作状语记忆口诀
分词作状语, 主语是关键。
前后两动作, 共用一主语。
主语找出后, 再来判关系。
主动用-ing, 被动用-ed。
【知识延伸】
独立主格结构
非谓语动词作状语时, 它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语, 我们称之为独立主格结构, 在句中作状语。
独立主格结构的特点: ①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子主语不同, 它独立存在; ②独立主格结构中作主语的名词或代词与后面的分词或不定式是逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系; ③独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子隔开。
独立主格结构的构成: ①名词/代词+分词; ②名词/代词+不定式; ③with/without+名词/代词+分词/不定式。
*The test finished(=When the test was finished), we began our holiday.
考试结束后, 我们就开始放假了。
*The president assassinated(=Because the president was assassinated), the whole country was in deep sorrow.
总统被暗杀了, 全国上下都沉浸在悲痛之中。
*Weather permitting(=If the weather permits), we are going to visit you tomorrow.
如果天气允许, 我们明天去看你。
*I stood before her with my heart beating fast.
我站在她面前, 心跳得很快。
【即学活用】 单句语法填空
(1)Although _____(build) before the war, the engine is still in perfect order.
(2) _________(surprise) at what happened, Tom didn ’t know what to do.
(3) _____(see) from here, the picture appears beautiful indeed.
(4) ______(ask) for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very
interesting and rewarding.
(5)(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Everyone was silent, _______(wait) to see who would be called
upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.
(6)When _____(give) a medical examination, you should keep calm.
built
Surprised
Seen
Asked
waiting
given
学情诊断 课堂测评
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. ______(edit) by three language experts, it has been popular with the readers ever
since it came out two years ago.
2. Tony is really amusing and tells jokes when he thinks we ’re getting ______(bore).
3. _____(fill) with pride, we are looking forward to the next activity.
4. He stood there silently, ______(move) to tears.
5. _________(attract) by the beautiful sight, I couldn ’t wait to go outside with my
camera.
Edited
bored
Filled
moved
Attracted
6. Though ________(defeat) many times, the man didn ’t lose heart.
7. ______(base) on what you know about me, please give me some personal
suggestions.
8. ______(give) more attention, the tree could have grown better.
9. Professor Wang will give us a lecture about the history of Chinese tea, ________
(follow) by a performance of Chinese tea show.
10. As we joined the big crowd I got ____(lose) from my friends.
defeated
Based
Given
followed
lost
Ⅱ. 句型转换
1. Because you are interested in Peking Opera, you are sure to enjoy this exhibition.
→________________________, you are sure to enjoy this exhibition.
2. If they are given enough water and sunlight, the plants will grow to three metres.
→_____________________________, the plants will grow to three metres.
3. When all work was finished, he had time to have a good rest.
→_______________, he had time to have a good rest.
4. When they heard the bell, the students began to enter the classroom.
→______________, the students began to enter the classroom.
Interested in Peking Opera
Given enough water and sunlight
All work finished
Hearing the bell
5. As they were influenced by the warm-hearted worker ’s example, the couple did
countless good deeds.
→____________________________________________, the couple did countless
good deeds.
6. Mr Li was deeply moved, and thanked the kids again and again.
→Mr Li, ____________, thanked the kids again and again.
7. When you are faced with some tough problems, you might consider asking your
teachers for help.
→_____________________________, you might consider asking your teachers for
help.
Influenced by the warm-hearted worker ’s example
deeply moved
Faced with some tough problems
【语法主题应用】
根据汉语提示, 用本单元的语法完成下列句子, 并组成一篇连贯的短文。
1. 随着新冠肺炎(COVID-19)的扩散, 很多人担心会感染(infect)新冠肺炎。(be/get done)
2. 然而在中国, 无数医生和研究人员努力工作, 旨在控制新冠肺炎疫情(pandemic)。(aimed to do)
3. 受到他们的鼓舞, 我们对未来充满了信心。
4. 面对这种形势, 作为一名高中生, 我们应该努力学习。
With COVID-19 spreading, many people were worried that they might get infected this virus. However, in China there were many doctors and researchers working hard, aimed to put the COVID-19 pandemic under control. Inspired by them, we were confident of our future. Faced with this situation, as a senior student, we should study hard.
