Reading and Thinking
Ⅰ. 必备单词: 根据提示填写单词
1. Confucius philosophy 孔子的哲学
2. one of Confucius ’ descendants 孔子的后代之一
3. meaning of the individual words 单个词的意思
4. the United Kingdom 联合王国
5. two chief advantages 两个主要优势
6. the nearby country 附近的国家
7. share the same currency 共用同样的货币
8. conquered England 战胜了英格兰
9. the well-known Battle of Hastings 著名的黑斯廷斯战役
10. names of many locations 许多地方的命名
11. an ancient port city 一座古老的港口城市
12. solve the puzzle 解决这个困惑→ puzzling(adj. )令人困惑的→ puzzled(adj. )困惑的; 迷惑不解的
13. military defence 军事防御→ defend(v. ) your homeland保卫你的祖国
14. legal system 法律制度→run the company legally (adv. )合法经营公司→an illegal(adj. ) activity一个非法活动
15. be surrounded by trees被树木所围绕→the surrounding(adj. ) villages周边的村庄→the strange surroundings(n. ) 陌生的周边环境
16. find enough evidence找到足够的证据→become more evident(adj. )变得更加明朗
17. their great achievements(n. )他们巨大的成就→ achieve (vt. )your goal实现你的目标
18. a fascinating mix 迷人的交融→those fascinated(adj. ) audience那些入迷的观众→the fascination(n. ) of the game这个游戏的魅力→fascinate (vt. )all of us使我们都着迷
Ⅱ. 必备短语: 英汉双译
1. join. . . to. . . 把……和……连接或联结起来
2. break away (from sb. /sth. )
脱离; 背叛; 逃脱
3. belong to 属于
4. as well as 同(一样也); 和; 还
5. keep your eyes open(for) 留心; 留意
6. a little bit 一点
7. result in 导致
8. refer to 提到; 涉及
9. work together 合作
10. take over 接管
11. leave behind 留下
12. date back to 追溯到
必备句式: 翻译课文原句, 并观察黑体部分
1. So what is the difference between them, if any
如果有的话, 那么它们之间的区别是什么
2. They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed the way people built houses.
他们介绍了英语的起源, 并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。
3. They had castles built all around England, and made changes to the legal system.
他们在英格兰各地修建了城堡, 并对法律制度进行了修改。
1. 动词变名词: -d变为c/se
defend→ defence 防御
offend→ offence 冒犯
respond→ response 回应
2. “动词 + away”构成的动词短语
break away 脱离; 背叛; 逃脱
take away 消除, 解除; 带走, 拿走
give away 泄露, 赠送
【新课导入】
Appreciate the song Red River Valley.
Red River Valley
From this valley they say you are going
I will miss your bright eyes and
sweet smile
They say you are taking the
sunshine
That has brightened our pathway awhile
Come and sit by my side if you love me
Do not hasten to bid me adieu
But remember the Red River Valley
And the cowboy who loved you so true
I ’ve been thinking a long time, my darling
Of those sweet words you never would say
Now at last all my fond hopes have vanished
They say you are going away
From this valley they say you are going
I will miss your bright eyes and sweet smile
They say you are taking the sunshine
That has brightened our pathway awhile
I will miss your bright eyes and sweet smile
【词海拾贝】
译文: 《红河谷》歌词译文:
人们说你就要离开村庄
我将怀念你的明眸和甜蜜微笑
因为他们说你带走所有的阳光
它曾照亮我们的路
来坐在我身旁
如果你爱我
不要离开得这样匆忙
你可要记住这红河谷
还有那真爱你的人
亲爱的, 长久以来, 我一直在想
那些你不曾说出的美好誓言
现在我所有的美好希望都已破灭
因为他们说你就要离开
人们说, 你就要离开村庄
我将怀念你的明眸和甜蜜微笑
因为他们说你带走所有的阳光
它曾照亮我们的路
我将怀念你的明眸和甜蜜微笑
框架宏观建构: 整体理解
1. Skim the passage and fill in the blanks
2. What ’s the main idea of this passage
The passage is mainly about the history of the United Kingdom.
【阅读策略点拨】
1. Skim(略读)
Skim指“略读”, 又称浏览, 指的是跳过文章的具体细节不看, 只看文章的图片、标题或者各段的主旨句等, 在短时间内迅速掌握文章的主旨和大意的阅读方法。它属于理解性技能。
2. 如何用Skim策略找主题句
(1)段落首句是主题句的规律
①给予例证、解释或说明的段落
②下定义的段落
③对两个或两个以上的事物作比较或对比的段落
④表明原因和结果(往往结果交代在前)的段落
(2)段落的中间句是主题句的规律
段落特征: 描述细节——提出主题——解释或提问
(3)段落尾句是主题句的规律
段落特征: 描述细节或交代论据——做出概括
文本微观剖析: 细节探究
1. Choose the best answer.
(1)How do many people feel when they see the three names
A. Satisfied. B. Confused.
C. Disappointed. D. Curious.
(2)What resulted in the name “the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”
A. That the Kingdom of Ireland was added to the country.
B. That Northern Ireland broke away from the country.
C. That Southern Ireland broke away from the country.
D. That Scotland was separated from the country.
(3)What did the Anglo-Saxons do when they arrived in the country
A. They built wonderful towns and roads.
B. They made the way people built houses changed.
C. They left behind lots of new vocabulary.
D. They had castles built all around England.
(4)Why does the English language have so many French words
A. Because of the influence of the Romans.
B. Because of the influence of the Anglo-Saxons.
C. Because of the influence of the Vikings.
D. Because of the influence of the Normans.
(5)What ’s the author ’s attitude towards studying the history
A. Neutral. B. Indifferent.
C. Supportive. D. Doubtful.
答案: (1)～(5)BCBDC
2. Long sentence analysis.
(1)
译文: 几乎无论你到英国的任何地方, 你都会被四个不同群体的人的证据所包围, 这些人在整个历史的不同时期接管过这些地方。
(2)
译文: 首都伦敦是一个非常好的开始参观的地方, 因为它是一个古老的港口城市, 它的历史可以 追溯到罗马时期。
阅读思维升华: 主题实践
1. Why is it important to study the history and culture of a country before visiting it (Critical Thinking批判性思维)
To make your visit much more enjoyable and joyful.
2. How do you prepare a trip (Divergent Thinking发散性思维)
A detailed plan, necessary objects and learning about local culture and tradition.
语篇总结归纳: 主题深化
Many people are confused about the 1. meaning(mean) of the names: the United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain and England. 2. To solve (solve) this puzzle, knowing a little bit about British history will help.
In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales 3. was joined(join) to the Kingdom of England, followed by the country Scotland in 18th century. In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. 4. Finally (final), in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away 5. from the UK, resulting in the full name we have today: “the United Kingdom” or “the UK”. People from the UK are called “British”, 6. which means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain.
Even though the four countries which 7. belong (belong) to the United Kingdom work together in some areas, such as using the same flag, sharing the same currency and military 8. defence (defend), they also have some differences. Anyhow, the United Kingdom has 9. a long and interesting history to explore, which can help you understand much more about the country and 10. its (it) traditions.
1. belong vi. 应在(某处); 适应
(2020· 天津高考)And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.
我从没见过普通人会两者兼具。它们相辅相成。
【词块积累】
(1)belong to 属于
(2)belongings n. 财物; 财产
①(2019·浙江高考)The students feel that they belong to a particular group.
学生们感觉他们属于一个特别的群体。
②Those who want to come please remember to take care of yourselves and your belongings.
那些想要来的人, 一定要记得照顾好自己和自己的财物。
③On the left there is a computer room and a study belonging to me.
在左边, 是电脑室和一间属于我的书房。
妙用belong to
(1)belong to不用于进行时与被动语态。
(2)belong to的-ing形式可作后置定语。
The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams. —Eleanor Roosevelt
未来属于那些相信梦想之美的人。——埃莉诺·罗斯福
2. as well as 同(一样也); 和; 还
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations and imagine themselves living at a different time in history.
除了看展览外, 参观者们还可以利用计算机模拟, 想象着他们生活在历史上的不同时期。
【词块积累】
(1)as well as 相当于 in addition to, 是一个连词结构, 通常连接两个词性、结构对等的词或短语。当连接两个主语时, 谓语动词的数和第一个主语保持一致。
(2)as well表示“也”, 相当于too, 常放在句子末尾, 作为副词短语使用。
①Through these courses you will have a good understanding of the Chinese language as well as its culture.
通过这些课程, 你会很好地了解中文和中国文化。
②He can operate the machine as well as I do.
他操作这台机器和我一样熟练。
③The girl is lively as well as healthy.
这女孩既健康又活泼。
④(2019·天津高考)Amy, as well as her brothers, was given a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
上周艾米和她的兄弟们回到村子时, 受到了热烈的欢迎。
3. defence n. 防御; 保卫
(经典例句)The immune system is our main defence against disease.
人体的免疫系统是抵御疾病的主要屏障。
【词块积累】
(1)in defence (of. . . ) 为了保卫(……)
(2)defend vt. 保护; 保卫; 为……辩护
defend. . . from/against. . . 防御/保卫……以免受……
①We should pay tribute to soldiers who died in defence of our country.
我们应该向保卫祖国而牺牲的军人表示敬意。
②(2020· 天津高考)“Small does not mean weak, sir, ” she defended herself.
“小不意味着弱, 先生, ”她为自己辩护道。
③As the Great Wall was built to defend the country against foreign invaders, there were watchtowers every few hundred meters along the wall.
由于长城是用于防御外来入侵者, 所以沿墙每隔几百米就有瞭望塔。
【巧学助记】
【易混辨析】
defend 指用武力或其他措施保护某人/某物在面临危险时不受损害
protect 指利用各种安全防御措施, 尽力照顾某人/某物, 使其不受损害
guard 意为“留心守望, 警戒”, 防止可能的攻击或侵害
4. surround vt. 围绕; 包围
(教材原句)You will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.
你会发现有四个不同的民族在整个历史的不同时期占据政权的痕迹。
【词块积累】
(1)surround. . . with. . . 用……包围……
be surrounded with/by. . . 被……包围/环绕
(2)surrounding adj. 周围的, 附近的
(3)surroundings n. 环境, 周围的事物
①He surrounded his cottage with fence in defence of his belongings.
他用篱笆包围住他的小房子, 保卫着他的财物。
②When the car stopped in the town square it was surrounded by soldiers and militiamen.
当这辆车在城镇广场停下时, 它被战士和民兵们包围了。
③Sheep, cattle and horses get around the green grass, and the surrounding forests are home to many birds and other animals.
成群的牛羊和马在绿色的草原上活动, 周边的森林则是鸟类和其他动物的家园。
④I like to go camping in spring and I feel so refreshed in the surroundings of nature.
我喜欢在春天野营, 在大自然的环境中, 我感到神清气爽。
【巧学助记】
We find ourselves surrounded by many strange plants, and the surrounding scenery is really amazing. This is the very surroundings of nature we have been dreaming of.
我们发现自己被许多陌生的植物包围着, 周围的景色令人赞叹, 这正是我们梦寐以求的大自然的环境。
Surround yourself with positive people who will support you when it rains, not just when it shines.
你应该让自己身边充满那些陪你一起淋雨的积极的人, 而不是那些只能和你一起享受阳光的人。
5. evidence n. 证据; 证明
(2021·浙江高考)There is a lot of really interesting evidence which seems to be suggesting that if children are inspired up to the age of seven, then being outdoors will be a habit for life.
很多非常有趣的证据表明, 如果孩子们在7岁之前被鼓励到户外活动, 那么户外活动将成为一种生活习惯。
【词块积累】
(1)There is some evidence that. . . 有证据证明……
(2)evident adj. 明显的; 明白的
It is evident that. . . 显然(很明显)……
(3)evidently adv. 显然, 明显地; 清楚地
①He couldn ’t show enough evidence that these money belonged to him.
他拿不出足够的证据证明这些钱属于他。
②It ’s evident that they stay up too late studying or doing something else at night.
显然他们晚上熬夜学习到很晚, 或者做其他事情。
③Evidently, air pollution is the main factor that has resulted in the frequency of hazy weather.
显然, 空气污染是导致雾霾天气频繁发生的主要因素。
【词源趣谈】
evidence=e(ex出来)+vid“看”+ence(名词后缀)→看出来的事物→证据; 迹象
A wise man proportions his belief to the evidence.
明智的人使自己的信念与事实相符。
6. achievement n. 成就; 成绩; 达到
(教材原句)Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads.
他们的一些伟大成就在于他们建立了城镇、修建了道路。
【词块积累】
(1)a sense of achievement 成就感
make an achievement 取得成就
(2)achieve vt. 完成; 达到vi. 成功
achieve one ’s goal 达到目的
①I took part in the knowledge competition on garbage sorting, which brought me a great sense of achievement.
我参加了垃圾分类知识竞赛, 这给我带来了巨大的成就感。
②He has made an achievement in business as well as politics.
他在商界和政界都取得了一些成就。
③(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Jennifer sacrificed to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study.
珍妮弗为了实现自己的目标做出了牺牲, 她放弃了许多和孩子在一起的夜晚, 错过了重要的学习活动。
7. So what is the difference between them, if any
如果有的话, 那么它们之间的区别是什么
【句式解构】
本句中if any是省略句, 补全句子是: if there is any difference, 意为“如果有任何区别的话”。
①You can write down some of your achievements in this field, if any.
如果有的话, 你可以把你自己在这个领域的成就写下来。
②If so, will it be suitable for you to make it on the afternoon of July 22
如果这样的话, 把时间定在7月22号下午合适吗
③If possible, we ’ll take part in some social activities so that we can know more about the society.
如果可能的话, 我们将参加一些社会活动, 以便于我们能更多地了解这个社会。
【词块积累】
if ever如果有过的话
if so 如果这样的话
if not 如果不这样的话
if necessary 如果有必要的话
if possible 如果有可能的话
8. They had castles built all around England, and made changes to the legal system. 他们在英格兰各地修建了城堡, 并对法律制度进行了修改。
【句式解构】
本句中built是过去分词作宾语补足语, 与宾语castles之间是被动关系, 构成“have+宾语+过去分词”结构。
①We were all surprised to see that he had his yard surrounded with many beautiful flowers.
看到他的院子被许多美丽的鲜花环绕, 我们都感到很惊讶。
②All the customers must have their health QR codes checked before entering the shopping mall.
所有顾客在进入商场之前必须检查健康码。
③Actually, I really hope to have my English improved and make some English friends.
事实上, 我真希望提高我的英语, 并结交一些英国的朋友。
“have+宾语+过去分词”结构具有以下几种含义:
(1)(主语)请别人做某事。
*He wants to have his eyes examined tomorrow.
他明天想去检查眼睛。
(2)(主语)遭受不愉快或不测的事情。
*Be careful, or you ’ll have your hands hurt.
当心, 否则你会弄伤手的。
(3)(主语)做了或参与做某事。
*Later on we had a great many trees planted.
后来, 我们种了很多树。
【知识延伸】“have+宾语+宾语补足语”结构还有:
(1)have sb. doing sth. 表示“让某人做某事”, 其中现在分词作宾语补足语, 表示持续的动作或状态。
(2)have sb. do sth. 表示“让某人做某事”, 省略to的不定式作宾语补足语, 指一次性的具体的动作。
【要点拾遗】
1. puzzle n. 谜; 智力游戏; 疑问 vt. 迷惑; 使困惑
(教材原句)Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.
稍微了解一下英国历史将有助于你解决这个谜题。
【词块积累】
(1)be a puzzle to sb. 对某人来说是个谜
puzzle(oneself/sb. ) over 苦苦思索, 绞尽脑汁
(2)puzzled adj. 困惑的; 迷惑的
puzzling adj. 令人困惑的, 令人迷惑的
puzzlement n. 困惑, 苦思
①We will have a section called Wit and Fun, in which we will present some English puzzles, humorous stories and games.
我们将会有一个叫做“趣味园”的环节, 在这个环节, 我们将展示一些英语谜题, 幽默故事和游戏。
②What puzzles them is that it is difficult to adapt themselves to senior English study.
使他们困惑的是, 他们难以适应高中英语学习。
③Faced with so many difficulties, I am a little bit puzzled but happy at the same time.
面对如此多的困难, 我感到有点困惑, 但是与此同时, 我也很高兴。
④(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)The most puzzling thing is that our tone is too monotonous to present the character ’s inner heart fully. 最令人困惑的是, 我们的语调太过单调, 难以完全表现人物的内心世界。
puzzle, puzzlement都“困惑”
puzzle作为名词时为可数名词, 而puzzlement指的是“困惑”的感觉, 为不可数名词。
【巧学助记】 语境助记解“疑惑”
It puzzled me that the boy was not puzzled about the puzzling question, which is also a puzzle to my classmates.
那个男孩对那个令人困惑的问题并不感到困惑, 这令我困惑, 对我的同学来说也是个谜。
2. join. . . to. . . 把……和……连接或联结起来
(教材原句)In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England.
在16世纪, 邻国威尔士与英格兰王国联合了起来。
【词块积累】
(1)join the army/club 参军/加入俱乐部
join in 参加(比赛、活动等)
join sb. in. . . 和某人一起……
(2)connect. . . with. . . 把……和……联系起来
①We joined our chorus to another chorus, making a huge singing group.
我们的合唱团加入了另一个合唱团, 组成一个巨大的合唱团。
②South America is joined to North America by a canal.
南美洲和北美洲由一条运河连在一起。
③Learning you are interested in Chinese martial arts, I sincerely invite you to join in the activity.
得知你对中国武术感兴趣, 我真诚地邀请你参加这个活动。
3. break away (from sb. /sth. ) 脱离; 背叛; 逃脱
(教材原句)The southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
爱尔兰南部脱离了英国, 形成了我们如今所看到的全名: 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
【词块积累】
break down 损坏; 发生故障; 垮掉; 失败; 分解
break into 破门而入
break out (战争)爆发; (火灾)突然发生
break up 结束; (关系)破裂; 驱散; 解散
break through 突破
break off 折断; 中止, 中断
①One of the things I love about travel is the chance to break away from daily routines and form some new ones.
旅途中我喜爱的一点就是我有机会去打破常规生活, 并且形成一些新的生活习惯。
②(2020·天津高考 )The “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help break down the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.
“快乐聊天”座椅帮助打破无形的社交障碍, 让人们开口打招呼。
③The pandemic has broken out. As a result, we can ’t organize any activities in our former classroom.
疫情爆发了。因此, 我们无法在之前的教室里举行任何的活动。
4. battle n. 战役; 搏斗 vi. & vt. 搏斗; 奋斗
(教材原句)They conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century.
他们在11世纪著名的黑斯廷斯战役后征服了英格兰。
【词块积累】
(1)win/gain a battle 打胜仗, 战胜
lose a battle 打败仗
fight a battle 进行战斗
(2)battle for 为了……而战斗/奋斗
battle against/with 与……战斗
①I believe, through our joint efforts, we can surely win the battle against COVID-19.
我坚信, 通过我们共同的努力, 我们一定能够赢得与新冠肺炎的斗争。
②They decided to fight a battle in defence of their homeland from foreign invaders.
他们决定进行战斗保卫祖国抵御外国侵略者。
③All the soldiers battle for the honor and safety of our country. 所有战士都为了我们国家的荣誉和安全而战。
【知识延伸】花样“战斗”
①battle 侧重战争中的一次较全面、时间较长的战斗, 也指陆军或海军在某一特定地区进行的战斗, 或个人之间的争斗。
②fight含义广, 指战斗、斗争或打斗。
③struggle指激烈或持续时间长的战斗或奋斗、斗争。
5. They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed the way people built houses.
他们引入了英语的雏形, 改变了人们建造房屋的方式。
【句式解构】
句中定语从句people built houses修饰先行词the way, 其前省略了关系词that/in which。
①(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)All this was because of John ’s bright idea, and the way he carried it out.
所有这些, 都是因为约翰的好主意, 以及他落实这个主意的方式。
②We must respect our friends and treat them in the way (that/in which) we want to be treated.
我们必须尊重我们的朋友, 并能做到“己所不欲勿施于人”。
③I don ’t like the way (that/in which) you speak to her.
我不喜欢你和她说话的方式。
the way作先行词, 如果在定语从句中作主语, 引导词为that/which且不能省略; 如果在定语从句中作宾语, 引导词为that/which且可以省略。
6. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable.
研究这个国家的历史会使你的访问更加愉快。
【句式解构】
(1)“Studying the history of the country”, 是动名词短语作主语, 谓语动词要用单数。
(2)make your visit much more enjoyable, 是make的复合结构: make+宾语+宾语补足语, 其中形容词enjoyable作宾语补足语。make的复合结构如下:
①make sb. do sth. 使/让某人做某事
*(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough.
不要追随那些让你感觉自己不够好的人。
②make sb. /sth. done(过去分词) 使某人或某事被……
常用于make oneself known/heard/understood. . .
*In addition, I can speak English so fluently that I can make myself understood.
此外, 我可以说流利的英语, 这样能使别人理解我的意思。
③make +sb. /sth. +adj. 使某人或某事(变得)……
*(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them.
她想知道几个世纪的潜水经历能否导致他们身体特征的进化, 从而使得这项工作对他们来说更容易。
④make +sb. /sth. +n. 让某人或某物成为……
*To make it a green travel, we will take the bus there.
为了使其成为一次绿色出行, 我们将坐公共汽车去那里。
在make sb. do sth. 结构中
当把这样的句子变为被动语态时, 原句中省略的动词不定式符号to必须要还原。
*Parents made him practice the piano so much that, at times, he thought about giving up.
→He was made to practice the piano so much by parents that, at times, he thought about giving up.
父母让他经常练钢琴, 以至于有时候他都想要放弃。
1. Masks will be compulsory for people aged 11 and over in crowded areas in Ile-de-France—Paris and its surrounding areas, starting from Monday morning, the prefecture announced on Saturday.
地方政府于周六宣布, 法国巴黎岛及其周边地区的人群密集区将从周一上午开始, 11岁及以上的人必须佩戴口罩。
2. The poet Louise Glück has become the first American woman to win the Nobel prize for literature in 27 years. Glück, cited for “her unmistakable poetic voice that with austere beauty makes individual existence universal”, is the 16th woman to win the Nobel.
诗人露易丝·格丽克成为27年来首位获得诺贝尔文学奖的美国女性。她也是第16位获得诺贝尔文学奖的女性, 诺奖委员会称她以“朴实无华的诗意之声, 让个体的存在普世化”。
3. NASA ’s TESS satellite has discovered an Earth-sized planet TOI 700 d, and it orbits a small, cool M dwarf star called TOI 700, whose location is just over 100 light years away from Earth.
美国宇航局的TESS卫星发现了一颗与地球大小相仿的行星TOI 700 d, 它围绕着一颗名为TOI 700的小小的冷M矮星运行, 它距离地球仅有100多光年。
Ⅰ. 语段填词
1. Every year people will hold great ceremonies to honor Confucius(孔子), whose philosophy(哲学) has a deep influence on our culture and traditions. His descendants(后裔) from all over the world will go to Qufu on the day of his birth, where lie the Kong Family Mansion(宅第) and Cemetery(墓地).
2. The chief(酋长) of the kingdom(王国) decided to build a military(军用的) wall in defence(防御) of the nearby(附近的) enemies, who always intended to conquer(征服) his country. The wall surrounded(包围) the whole capital.
3. The location(位置) of this international port(港口) is very convenient for transport. There ’s evidence(证据) that it has existed for more than 2, 000 years. It also has fascinating(迷人的) nature scenery.
Ⅱ. 选词填空
join. . . to. . . , break away from, belong to, as well as, keep your eyes open(for), a little bit, result in, refer to, date back to, leave behind
1. Cultural relics and natural scenery belong to everyone, including the generations to come.
2. When travelling in a foreign country, you had better keep your eyes open for the local history and tradition.
3. The new law does not refer to land used for farming.
4. We are glad to know that our hometown will be joined to the big cities through a high-speed railway.
5. The origin of Chinese painting can date back to Chinese Stone Age ’s pottery.
6. Modern music like jazz has broken away from the old traditional rules.
7. When you go camping, please don ’t leave behind any trash.
8. The staff, all the students and their parents, as well as anyone interested in it are welcome.
9. First, some information offered in WeChat is false and it may result in people being cheated.
10. The weather is good but perhaps a little bit hot in summer.
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. Studying the history of the country will make your visit more enjoyable.
学习这个国家的历史将使你的访问更加愉快。
2. Unfortunately, he had his right leg injured during the training.
不幸的是, 他在训练中把右腿弄伤了。
3. Travelling along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.
沿着古老的丝绸之路旅行是既有趣又有益的经历。
4. The way you learn English is much the same as the way you learned your own language.
你学习英语的方式与你学习母语的方式很像。
5. Please correct my mistakes, if any.
如果有的话, 请改正我的错误。
Ⅳ. 结合课文主题, 使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇80词左右的短文
1. 在历史的长河里, 有很多伟大人物在他们各自领域做出了巨大成就。(achievement)
2. 孔子的哲学影响了我们的文化, 和我们的行为方式。(Confucius, philosophy, as well as, the way+定语从句)
3. 一些伟大领导人努力使人们的生活水平得到提高, 使我们的国家快速发展。(have sth. done, make sb. /sth. do)
In the long history, there are many great figures, who have made great achievements in his/her field. Confucius philosophy has a great effect on our culture, as well as the way we behave in daily life. Some great leaders have worked hard to have our living standard improved, and make our country develop quickly.
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Unit 4 History and Traditions
Reading and Thinking
基础认知·自主学习
Ⅰ. 必备单词: 根据提示填写单词
【词块记忆】
1. Confucius __________ 孔子的哲学
2. one of Confucius ’ ___________ 孔子的后代之一
3. meaning of the _________words 单个词的意思
4. the United _________ 联合王国
5. two _____advantages 两个主要优势
6. the _______country 附近的国家
philosophy
descendants
individual
Kingdom
chief
nearby
7. share the same ________ 共用同样的货币
8. __________England 战胜了英格兰
9. the well-known ______of Hastings 著名的黑斯廷斯战役
10. names of many ________ 许多地方的命名
11. an ancient ____city 一座古老的港口城市
currency
conquered
Battle
locations
port
【拓展记忆】
12. solve the ______解决这个困惑→ puzzling(adj. )令人困惑的→ puzzled(adj. )
困惑的; 迷惑不解的
13. military _______军事防御→ defend(v. ) your homeland保卫你的祖国
14. _____system 法律制度→run the company legally (adv. )合法经营公司→
an ______(adj. ) activity一个非法活动
15. be ___________by trees被树木所围绕→the surrounding(adj. ) villages周边的
村庄→the strange surroundings(n. ) 陌生的周边环境
puzzle
defence
legal
illegal
surrounded
16. find enough ________找到足够的证据→become more evident(adj. )变得更加
明朗
17. their great ____________(n. )他们巨大的成就→ _______(vt. )your goal实现你
的目标
18. a __________mix 迷人的交融→those fascinated(adj. ) audience那些入迷的
观众→the fascination(n. ) of the game这个游戏的魅力→________(vt. )all of us
使我们都着迷
evidence
achievements
achieve
fascinating
fascinate
Ⅱ. 必备短语: 英汉双译
1. ___________ 把……和……连接或联结起来
2. __________(from sb. /sth. )
脱离; 背叛; 逃脱
3. ________ 属于
4. _________ 同(一样也); 和; 还
5. __________________(for) 留心; 留意
join. . . to. . .
break away
belong to
as well as
keep your eyes open
6. a little bit _____
7. result in _____
8. refer to __________
9. work together _____
10. take over _____
11. leave behind _____
12. date back to _______
一点
导致
提到; 涉及
合作
接管
留下
追溯到
必备句式: 翻译课文原句, 并观察黑体部分
1. So what is the difference between them, if any
___________, 那么它们之间的区别是什么
2. They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed the way
people built houses.
他们介绍了英语的起源, 并改变了___________________。
3. They had castles built all around England, and made changes to the legal
system.
他们_______________________, 并对法律制度进行了修改。
如果有的话
人们建造房屋的方式
在英格兰各地修建了城堡
【构词规律】
1. 动词变名词: -d变为c/se
defend→ _______ 防御
offend→ _______ 冒犯
respond→ ________ 回应
2. “动词 + away”构成的动词短语
______away 脱离; 背叛; 逃脱
____away 消除, 解除; 带走, 拿走
____away 泄露, 赠送
defence
offence
response
break
take
give
语篇精读·合作探究
【新课导入】
Appreciate the song Red River Valley.
Red River Valley
From this valley they say you are going
I will miss your bright eyes and
sweet smile
They say you are taking the
sunshine
That has brightened our pathway awhile
Come and sit by my side if you love me
Do not hasten to bid me adieu
But remember the Red River Valley
And the cowboy who loved you so true
I ’ve been thinking a long time, my darling
Of those sweet words you never would say
Now at last all my fond hopes have vanished
They say you are going away
From this valley they say you are going
I will miss your bright eyes and sweet smile
They say you are taking the sunshine
That has brightened our pathway awhile
I will miss your bright eyes and sweet smile
【词海拾贝】
译文: 《红河谷》歌词译文:
人们说你就要离开村庄
我将怀念你的明眸和甜蜜微笑
因为他们说你带走所有的阳光
它曾照亮我们的路
来坐在我身旁
如果你爱我
不要离开得这样匆忙
你可要记住这红河谷
译文: 《红河谷》歌词译文:
人们说你就要离开村庄
我将怀念你的明眸和甜蜜微笑
因为他们说你带走所有的阳光
它曾照亮我们的路
来坐在我身旁
如果你爱我
不要离开得这样匆忙
你可要记住这红河谷
它曾照亮我们的路
我将怀念你的明眸和甜蜜微笑
Task1框架宏观建构: 整体理解
1. Skim the passage and fill in the blanks
2. What ’s the main idea of this passage
The passage is mainly about ______________________________.
the history of the United Kingdom
【阅读策略点拨】
1. Skim(略读)
Skim指“略读”, 又称浏览, 指的是跳过文章的具体细节不看, 只看文章的图片、标题或者各段的主旨句等, 在短时间内迅速掌握文章的主旨和大意的阅读方法。它属于理解性技能。
2. 如何用Skim策略找主题句
(1)段落首句是主题句的规律
①给予例证、解释或说明的段落
②下定义的段落
③对两个或两个以上的事物作比较或对比的段落
④表明原因和结果(往往结果交代在前)的段落
(2)段落的中间句是主题句的规律
段落特征: 描述细节——提出主题——解释或提问
(3)段落尾句是主题句的规律
段落特征: 描述细节或交代论据——做出概括
Task2文本微观剖析: 细节探究
1. Choose the best answer.
(1)How do many people feel when they see the three names
A. Satisfied. B. Confused.
C. Disappointed. D. Curious.
(2)What resulted in the name “the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”
A. That the Kingdom of Ireland was added to the country.
B. That Northern Ireland broke away from the country.
C. That Southern Ireland broke away from the country.
D. That Scotland was separated from the country.
(3)What did the Anglo-Saxons do when they arrived in the country
A. They built wonderful towns and roads.
B. They made the way people built houses changed.
C. They left behind lots of new vocabulary.
D. They had castles built all around England.
(4)Why does the English language have so many French words
A. Because of the influence of the Romans.
B. Because of the influence of the Anglo-Saxons.
C. Because of the influence of the Vikings.
D. Because of the influence of the Normans.
(5)What ’s the author ’s attitude towards studying the history
A. Neutral. B. Indifferent.
C. Supportive. D. Doubtful.
2. Long sentence analysis.
(1)
译文: ___________________________, 你都会被四个不同群体的人的证据所包
围, _________________________________________。
几乎无论你到英国的任何地方
这些人在整个历史的不同时期接管过这些地方
(2)
译文: 首都伦敦是一个非常好的开始参观的地方, _________________________
___, 它的历史可以 _______________。
因为它是一个古老的港口城
市
追溯到罗马时期
Task3阅读思维升华: 主题实践
1. Why is it important to study the history and culture of a country before visiting it
(Critical Thinking批判性思维)
_____________________________________________
2. How do you prepare a trip (Divergent Thinking发散性思维)
______________________________________________________________
__________
To make your visit much more enjoyable and joyful.
A detailed plan, necessary objects and learning about local culture and
tradition.
Task4语篇总结归纳: 主题深化
Many people are confused about the 1. ________(mean) of the names: the
United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain and England. 2. ________(solve) this
puzzle, knowing a little bit about British history will help.
meaning
To solve
In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales 3. __________(join) to the
Kingdom of England, followed by the country Scotland in 18th century. In the 19th
century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland. 4. _______(final), in the 20th century, the southern part of
Ireland broke away 5. _____the UK, resulting in the full name we have today: “the
United Kingdom” or “the UK”. People from the UK are called “British”, 6. ______
means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain.
was joined
Finally
from
which
Even though the four countries which 7. ______(belong) to the United
Kingdom work together in some areas, such as using the same flag, sharing the
same currency and military 8. _______(defend), they also have some differences.
Anyhow, the United Kingdom has 9. __long and interesting history to explore,
which can help you understand much more about the country and 10. ___(it)
traditions.
belong
defence
a
its
要点精研·理解应用
1. belong vi. 应在(某处); 适应
(2020· 天津高考)And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.
我从没见过普通人会两者兼具。它们相辅相成。
【词块积累】
(1)belong to 属于
(2)belongings n. 财物; 财产
①(2019·浙江高考)The students feel that they ________a particular group.
学生们感觉他们属于一个特别的群体。
②Those who want to come please remember to take care of yourselves and your
__________.
那些想要来的人, 一定要记得照顾好自己和自己的财物。
③On the left there is a computer room and a study ___________me.
在左边, 是电脑室和一间属于我的书房。
belong to
belongings
belonging to
【名师点津】妙用belong to
(1)belong to不用于进行时与被动语态。
(2)belong to的-ing形式可作后置定语。
【小词汇·大文化】
The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams.
—Eleanor Roosevelt
未来属于那些相信梦想之美的人。——埃莉诺·罗斯福
2. as well as 同(一样也); 和; 还
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations and imagine themselves living at a different time in history.
除了看展览外, 参观者们还可以利用计算机模拟, 想象着他们生活在历史上的不同时期。
【词块积累】
(1)as well as 相当于 in addition to, 是一个连词结构, 通常连接两个词性、结构对等的词或短语。当连接两个主语时, 谓语动词的数和第一个主语保持一致。
(2)as well表示“也”, 相当于too, 常放在句子末尾, 作为副词短语使用。
①Through these courses you will have a good understanding of the Chinese
language _________its culture.
通过这些课程, 你会很好地了解中文和中国文化。
②He can operate the machine ____________.
他操作这台机器和我一样熟练。
③The girl is lively _______________.
这女孩既健康又活泼。
④(2019·天津高考)Amy, as well as her brothers, _________a warm welcome
when returning to the village last week.
上周艾米和她的兄弟们回到村子时, 受到了热烈的欢迎。
as well as
as well as I do
as well as healthy
was given
3. defence n. 防御; 保卫
(经典例句)The immune system is our main defence against disease.
人体的免疫系统是抵御疾病的主要屏障。
【词块积累】
(1)in defence (of. . . ) 为了保卫(……)
(2)defend vt. 保护; 保卫; 为……辩护
defend. . . from/against. . . 防御/保卫……以免受……
①We should pay tribute to soldiers who died ___________our country.
我们应该向保卫祖国而牺牲的军人表示敬意。
in defence of
②(2020· 天津高考)“Small does not mean weak, sir, ” she _______________.
“小不意味着弱, 先生, ”她为自己辩护道。
③As the Great Wall was built to ______the country _______foreign invaders, there
were watchtowers every few hundred meters along the wall.
由于长城是用于防御外来入侵者, 所以沿墙每隔几百米就有瞭望塔。
【巧学助记】
defended herself
defend
against
【易混辨析】
defend 指用武力或其他措施保护某人/某物在面临危险时不受损害
protect 指利用各种安全防御措施, 尽力照顾某人/某物, 使其不受损害
guard 意为“留心守望, 警戒”, 防止可能的攻击或侵害
4. surround vt. 围绕; 包围
(教材原句)You will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.
你会发现有四个不同的民族在整个历史的不同时期占据政权的痕迹。
【词块积累】
(1)surround. . . with. . . 用……包围……
be surrounded with/by. . . 被……包围/环绕
(2)surrounding adj. 周围的, 附近的
(3)surroundings n. 环境, 周围的事物
①He ___________his cottage ____fence in defence of his belongings. 他用篱笆包
围住他的小房子, 保卫着他的财物。
②When the car stopped in the town square it _________________soldiers and
militiamen.
当这辆车在城镇广场停下时, 它被战士和民兵们包围了。
③Sheep, cattle and horses get around the green grass, and the _________________
are home to many birds and other animals.
成群的牛羊和马在绿色的草原上活动, 周边的森林则是鸟类和其他动物的家园。
surrounded
with
was surrounded by
surrounding forests
④I like to go camping in spring and I feel so refreshed in the ____________of
nature.
我喜欢在春天野营, 在大自然的环境中, 我感到神清气爽。
surroundings
【巧学助记】
We find ourselves surrounded by many strange plants, and the surrounding scenery is really amazing. This is the very surroundings of nature we have been dreaming of.
我们发现自己被许多陌生的植物包围着, 周围的景色令人赞叹, 这正是我们梦寐以求的大自然的环境。
【小词汇·大文化】
Surround yourself with positive people who will support you when it rains, not just when it shines.
你应该让自己身边充满那些陪你一起淋雨的积极的人, 而不是那些只能和你一起享受阳光的人。
5. evidence n. 证据; 证明
(2021·浙江高考)There is a lot of really interesting evidence which seems to be suggesting that if children are inspired up to the age of seven, then being outdoors will be a habit for life.
很多非常有趣的证据表明, 如果孩子们在7岁之前被鼓励到户外活动, 那么户外活动将成为一种生活习惯。
【词块积累】
(1)There is some evidence that. . . 有证据证明……
(2)evident adj. 明显的; 明白的
It is evident that. . . 显然(很明显)……
(3)evidently adv. 显然, 明显地; 清楚地
①He couldn ’t show enough ________that these money belonged to him.
他拿不出足够的证据证明这些钱属于他。
②_______________they stay up too late studying or doing something else at night.
显然他们晚上熬夜学习到很晚, 或者做其他事情。
③_________, air pollution is the main factor that has resulted in the frequency of
hazy weather.
显然, 空气污染是导致雾霾天气频繁发生的主要因素。
evidence
It ’s evident that
Evidently
【词源趣谈】
evidence=e(ex出来)+vid“看”+ence(名词后缀)→看出来的事物→证据; 迹象
【小词汇·大文化】
A wise man proportions his belief to the evidence.
明智的人使自己的信念与事实相符。
6. achievement n. 成就; 成绩; 达到
(教材原句)Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads.
他们的一些伟大成就在于他们建立了城镇、修建了道路。
【词块积累】
(1)a sense of achievement 成就感
make an achievement 取得成就
(2)achieve vt. 完成; 达到vi. 成功
achieve one ’s goal 达到目的
①I took part in the knowledge competition on garbage sorting, which brought me a
great __________________.
我参加了垃圾分类知识竞赛, 这给我带来了巨大的成就感。
②He has ___________________in business as well as politics.
他在商界和政界都取得了一些成就。
③(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Jennifer sacrificed to ______________, giving up many
nights with her kids and missing important events to study.
珍妮弗为了实现自己的目标做出了牺牲, 她放弃了许多和孩子在一起的夜晚,
错过了重要的学习活动。
sense of achievement
made an achievement
achieve her goal
7. So what is the difference between them, if any
如果有的话, 那么它们之间的区别是什么
【句式解构】
本句中if any是省略句, 补全句子是: if there is any difference, 意为“如果有任何区
别的话”。
①You can write down some of your achievements in this field, _____.
如果有的话, 你可以把你自己在这个领域的成就写下来。
if any
②____, will it be suitable for you to make it on the afternoon of July 22
如果这样的话, 把时间定在7月22号下午合适吗
③_________, we ’ll take part in some social activities so that we can know more
about the society.
如果可能的话, 我们将参加一些社会活动, 以便于我们能更多地了解这个社会。
If so
If possible
【词块积累】
if ever如果有过的话
if so 如果这样的话
if not 如果不这样的话
if necessary 如果有必要的话
if possible 如果有可能的话
8. They had castles built all around England, and made changes to the legal system.
他们在英格兰各地修建了城堡, 并对法律制度进行了修改。
【句式解构】
本句中built是过去分词作宾语补足语, 与宾语castles之间是被动关系, 构成
“have+宾语+过去分词”结构。
①We were all surprised to see that he ____his yard ___________with many
beautiful flowers.
看到他的院子被许多美丽的鲜花环绕, 我们都感到很惊讶。
had
surrounded
②All the customers must _____their health QR codes _______before entering the
shopping mall.
所有顾客在进入商场之前必须检查健康码。
③Actually, I really hope to _______________________and make some English
friends.
事实上, 我真希望提高我的英语, 并结交一些英国的朋友。
have
checked
have my English improved
【名师点津】
“have+宾语+过去分词”结构具有以下几种含义:
(1)(主语)请别人做某事。
*He wants to have his eyes examined tomorrow.
他明天想去检查眼睛。
(2)(主语)遭受不愉快或不测的事情。
*Be careful, or you ’ll have your hands hurt.
当心, 否则你会弄伤手的。
(3)(主语)做了或参与做某事。
*Later on we had a great many trees planted.
后来, 我们种了很多树。
【知识延伸】“have+宾语+宾语补足语”结构还有:
(1)have sb. doing sth. 表示“让某人做某事”, 其中现在分词作宾语补足语, 表示持续的动作或状态。
(2)have sb. do sth. 表示“让某人做某事”, 省略to的不定式作宾语补足语, 指一次性的具体的动作。
【要点拾遗】
1. puzzle n. 谜; 智力游戏; 疑问 vt. 迷惑; 使困惑
(教材原句)Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.
稍微了解一下英国历史将有助于你解决这个谜题。
【词块积累】
(1)be a puzzle to sb. 对某人来说是个谜
puzzle(oneself/sb. ) over 苦苦思索, 绞尽脑汁
(2)puzzled adj. 困惑的; 迷惑的
puzzling adj. 令人困惑的, 令人迷惑的
puzzlement n. 困惑, 苦思
①We will have a section called Wit and Fun, in which we will present some
______________humorous stories and games.
我们将会有一个叫做“趣味园”的环节, 在这个环节, 我们将展示一些英语谜题,
幽默故事和游戏。
②_________________is that it is difficult to adapt themselves to senior English
study.
使他们困惑的是, 他们难以适应高中英语学习。
English puzzles,
What puzzles them
③Faced with so many difficulties, I am ________________but happy at the same
time.
面对如此多的困难, 我感到有点困惑, 但是与此同时, 我也很高兴。
④(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)The most ________thing is that our tone is too monotonous to
present the character ’s inner heart fully. 最令人困惑的是, 我们的语调太过单调,
难以完全表现人物的内心世界。
a little bit puzzled
puzzling
【名师点津】puzzle, puzzlement都“困惑”
puzzle作为名词时为可数名词, 而puzzlement指的是“困惑”的感觉, 为不可数名词。
【巧学助记】 语境助记解“疑惑”
It puzzled me that the boy was not puzzled about the puzzling question, which is also a puzzle to my classmates.
那个男孩对那个令人困惑的问题并不感到困惑, 这令我困惑, 对我的同学来说也是个谜。
2. join. . . to. . . 把……和……连接或联结起来
(教材原句)In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England.
在16世纪, 邻国威尔士与英格兰王国联合了起来。
【词块积累】
(1)join the army/club 参军/加入俱乐部
join in 参加(比赛、活动等)
join sb. in. . . 和某人一起……
(2)connect. . . with. . . 把……和……联系起来
①We ______our chorus __another chorus, making a huge singing group.
我们的合唱团加入了另一个合唱团, 组成一个巨大的合唱团。
②South America __________North America by a canal.
南美洲和北美洲由一条运河连在一起。
③Learning you are interested in Chinese martial arts, I sincerely invite you to ____
____________.
得知你对中国武术感兴趣, 我真诚地邀请你参加这个活动。
joined
to
is joined to
join
in the activity
3. break away (from sb. /sth. ) 脱离; 背叛; 逃脱
(教材原句)The southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
爱尔兰南部脱离了英国, 形成了我们如今所看到的全名: 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
【词块积累】
break down 损坏; 发生故障; 垮掉; 失败; 分解
break into 破门而入
break out (战争)爆发; (火灾)突然发生
break up 结束; (关系)破裂; 驱散; 解散
break through 突破
break off 折断; 中止, 中断
①One of the things I love about travel is the chance to _______________daily
routines and form some new ones.
旅途中我喜爱的一点就是我有机会去打破常规生活, 并且形成一些新的生活习
惯。
②(2020·天津高考 )The “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help ___________the
invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.
“快乐聊天”座椅帮助打破无形的社交障碍, 让人们开口打招呼。
③The pandemic has __________. As a result, we can ’t organize any activities in
our former classroom.
疫情爆发了。因此, 我们无法在之前的教室里举行任何的活动。
break away from
break down
broken out
4. battle n. 战役; 搏斗 vi. & vt. 搏斗; 奋斗
(教材原句)They conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century.
他们在11世纪著名的黑斯廷斯战役后征服了英格兰。
【词块积累】
(1)win/gain a battle 打胜仗, 战胜
lose a battle 打败仗
fight a battle 进行战斗
(2)battle for 为了……而战斗/奋斗
battle against/with 与……战斗
①I believe, through our joint efforts, we can surely ____________against
COVID-19.
我坚信, 通过我们共同的努力, 我们一定能够赢得与新冠肺炎的斗争。
②They decided to ___________in defence of their homeland from foreign
invaders.
他们决定进行战斗保卫祖国抵御外国侵略者。
③All the soldiers ________the honor and safety of our country. 所有战士都为了
我们国家的荣誉和安全而战。
win the battle
fight a battle
battle for
【知识延伸】花样“战斗”
①battle 侧重战争中的一次较全面、时间较长的战斗, 也指陆军或海军在某一特定地区进行的战斗, 或个人之间的争斗。
②fight含义广, 指战斗、斗争或打斗。
③struggle指激烈或持续时间长的战斗或奋斗、斗争。
5. They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed the way
people built houses.
他们引入了英语的雏形, 改变了人们建造房屋的方式。
【句式解构】
句中定语从句people built houses修饰先行词the way, 其前省略了关系词that/in
which。
①(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)All this was because of John ’s bright idea, and _______
_______________.
所有这些, 都是因为约翰的好主意, 以及他落实这个主意的方式。
the way
he carried it out
②We must respect our friends and treat them in the way _____________________
____________.
我们必须尊重我们的朋友, 并能做到“己所不欲勿施于人”。
③I don ’t like the way (____________) you speak to her.
我不喜欢你和她说话的方式。
(that/in which) we want
to be treated
that/in which
【名师点津】
the way作先行词, 如果在定语从句中作主语, 引导词为that/which且不能省略; 如果在定语从句中作宾语, 引导词为that/which且可以省略。
6. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable.
研究这个国家的历史会使你的访问更加愉快。
【句式解构】
(1)“Studying the history of the country”, 是动名词短语作主语, 谓语动词要用单数。
(2)make your visit much more enjoyable, 是make的复合结构: make+宾语+宾语补足语, 其中形容词enjoyable作宾语补足语。make的复合结构如下:
①make sb. do sth. 使/让某人做某事
*(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Do not follow the people who ____________not-good-enough.
不要追随那些让你感觉自己不够好的人。
②make sb. /sth. done(过去分词) 使某人或某事被……
常用于make oneself known/heard/understood. . .
*In addition, I can speak English so fluently that I can _____________________.
此外, 我可以说流利的英语, 这样能使别人理解我的意思。
make you feel
make myself understood
③make +sb. /sth. +adj. 使某人或某事(变得)……
*(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the
evolution of physical characteristics that __________________for them.
她想知道几个世纪的潜水经历能否导致他们身体特征的进化, 从而使得这项工
作对他们来说更容易。
④make +sb. /sth. +n. 让某人或某物成为……
*To ___________________, we will take the bus there.
为了使其成为一次绿色出行, 我们将坐公共汽车去那里。
made the task easier
make it a green travel
【名师点津】
在make sb. do sth. 结构中
当把这样的句子变为被动语态时, 原句中省略的动词不定式符号to必须要还原。
*Parents made him practice the piano so much that, at times, he thought about giving up.
→He was made to practice the piano so much by parents that, at times, he thought about giving up.
父母让他经常练钢琴, 以至于有时候他都想要放弃。
【览时事·晓天下】
1. Masks will be compulsory for people aged 11 and over in crowded areas in Ile-de-France—Paris and its surrounding areas, starting from Monday morning, the prefecture announced on Saturday.
地方政府于周六宣布, 法国巴黎岛及其周边地区的人群密集区将从周一上午开始, 11岁及以上的人必须佩戴口罩。
2. The poet Louise Glück has become the first American woman to win the Nobel prize for literature in 27 years. Glück, cited for “her unmistakable poetic voice that with austere beauty makes individual existence universal”, is the 16th woman to win the Nobel.
诗人露易丝·格丽克成为27年来首位获得诺贝尔文学奖的美国女性。她也是第16位获得诺贝尔文学奖的女性, 诺奖委员会称她以“朴实无华的诗意之声, 让个体的存在普世化”。
3. NASA ’s TESS satellite has discovered an Earth-sized planet TOI 700 d, and it orbits a small, cool M dwarf star called TOI 700, whose location is just over 100 light years away from Earth.
美国宇航局的TESS卫星发现了一颗与地球大小相仿的行星TOI 700 d, 它围绕着一颗名为TOI 700的小小的冷M矮星运行, 它距离地球仅有100多光年。
学情诊断·课堂测评
Ⅰ. 语段填词
1. Every year people will hold great ceremonies to honor _________(孔子), whose
__________(哲学) has a deep influence on our culture and traditions. His
___________(后裔) from all over the world will go to Qufu on the day of his birth,
where lie the Kong Family ________(宅第) and _________(墓地).
2. The _____(酋长) of the ________(王国) decided to build a _______(军用的) wall
in _______(防御) of the _______(附近的) enemies, who always intended to
________(征服) his country. The wall ___________(包围) the whole capital.
Confucius
philosophy
descendants
Mansion
Cemetery
chief
kingdom
military
defence
nearby
conquer
surrounded
3. The _______(位置) of this international ____(港口) is very convenient for
transport. There ’s ________(证据) that it has existed for more than 2, 000 years. It
also has __________(迷人的) nature scenery.
location
port
evidence
fascinating
Ⅱ. 选词填空
join. . . to. . . , break away from, belong to, as well as, keep your eyes open(for),
a little bit, result in, refer to, date back to, leave behind
1. Cultural relics and natural scenery ________everyone, including the generations
to come.
2. When travelling in a foreign country, you had better _____________________
the local history and tradition.
3. The new law does not _______land used for farming.
4. We are glad to know that our hometown will ___________the big cities through a
high-speed railway.
belong to
keep your eyes open for
refer to
be joined to
5. The origin of Chinese painting can ___________Chinese Stone Age ’s pottery.
6. Modern music like jazz has ________________the old traditional rules.
7. When you go camping, please don ’t ___________any trash.
8. The staff, all the students and their parents, _________anyone interested in it are
welcome.
9. First, some information offered in WeChat is false and it may ________people
being cheated.
10. The weather is good but perhaps _________hot in summer.
date back to
broken away from
leave behind
as well as
result in
a little bit
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. Studying the history of the country will ___________________________.
学习这个国家的历史将使你的访问更加愉快。
2. Unfortunately, he _____________________during the training.
不幸的是, 他在训练中把右腿弄伤了。
3. _______________the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.
沿着古老的丝绸之路旅行是既有趣又有益的经历。
make your visit more enjoyable
had his right leg injured
Travelling along
4. _______________________is much the same as the way you learned your own
language.
你学习英语的方式与你学习母语的方式很像。
5. Please correct my mistakes, _____.
如果有的话, 请改正我的错误。
The way you learn English
if any
Ⅳ. 结合课文主题, 使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇80词左右的短文
1. 在历史的长河里, 有很多伟大人物在他们各自领域做出了巨大成就。(achievement)
2. 孔子的哲学影响了我们的文化, 和我们的行为方式。(Confucius, philosophy, as well as, the way+定语从句)
3. 一些伟大领导人努力使人们的生活水平得到提高, 使我们的国家快速发展。(have sth. done, make sb. /sth. do)
In the long history, there are many great figures, who have made great achievements in his/her field. Confucius philosophy has a great effect on our culture, as well as the way we behave in daily life. Some great leaders have worked hard to have our living standard improved, and make our country develop quickly.
