2022届高考英语二轮复习：专题一 冠词和代词综合训练（C卷）（含答案）
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| 名称 | 2022届高考英语二轮复习：专题一 冠词和代词综合训练（C卷）（含答案） |  | |
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2023届高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题一 冠词和代词综合训练（C卷）
一、填空
1.Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be _____ Beethoven.
2.They accidentally found out that soil does not only absorb fat, it could also stop fat from being absorbed into the body, and help it simply round _____ digestive system.
3.I'm _____ outgoing girl, so it is my strength to get along well with my classmates.
4.There is _____ flight available to America today.
5.The ring suggests that he was on ___________ scene of the crime.
6.Instead of surfing the Internet at home, we should go out to admire _____ beauty of nature.
7.Our team is in _____ lead at the moment.
8.Jonathan, as a young man with a warm heart, wants to be a man who can make ____________ difference to society.
9.You can get ____________ good view of the park from this tower.
10.You have set __________ example to us and we intend to follow your example.
11.Now my hometown is not at all __________ a traveler who visited it ten years ago can expect.
12.It is important to fix anything _________ might affect your home's heating performance, such as badly fitting windows or damp walls.
13.So I went from one bookstore to __________, hoping to find something suitable for him.
14.There are a lot of people worth respecting around us. _________ may be our teachers, parents or neighbors.
15.Many people argue that since organic food is planted without adding chemicals, _________ tastes much better.
16.It's especially effective in ridding bacteria of your teeth to keep _________ healthy.
17.Finally, the thief handed everything he had stolen to the police.
18.They rushed over to help the man car had broken down.
19.His laziness makes _______ impossible for him to achieve success.
20.I find _____________ a waste of time to sit in front of the television all day.
二、阅读理解
As artificial intelligence(AI)systems become more advanced, we can expect them to be used more often in the world of human medicine and healthcare. AI is designed to imitate(模仿)the human brain in decision making and learning, so with the computing power to learn tasks in days or even hours, it is possible to create medical AIs that rapidly outperform doctors in certain tasks.
Data plays a hugely important role in helping AI systems learn about human medicine. AI systems are trained on large data sets gathered from real-life cases. Providing detailed patient information in quantities is a crucial factor for their success.
One of the most important areas for influencing global health is in the field of epidemiology(流行病学). Predicting disease outbreaks can save millions of lives by having resources ready should the worst happen. Startup AIME has successfully combined public health data with machine learning and AI to create a prediction engine capable of anticipating epidemics months in advance with great accuracy.
Another field where medical AIs are making rapid advances is in diagnostics(诊断学). Doctors base a lot of decisions on information from X-ray, CT and MRI images. Speeding up diagnoses from patient scans can rapidly improve patient care and puter vision AIs use pattern recognition to work through these images with incredible speed and accuracy. They have been able to outperform junior doctors and even senior specialists in some tests.
Cardiologist(心脏科医生)Rima Arnaout developed an AI that beat human experts at correctly interpreting echocardiograms(超声心动图)by 92 percent to 79 percent. She said that despite the result there is no prospect of AI replacing human doctors any time soon. "As cardiologists, we read the images and then go to see the patient," she said. "So we're both reading images and practicing medicine. I don't think that the second piece will be taken over so quickly."
The acceptance of AI in medicine will continue to gather pace in the future as it becomes more widespread.
1.What played a big role in helping AI systems know of human medicine
A.Certain tasks. B.Large data. C.The skill to imitate. D.The increasing demand.
2.Why is Startup AIME mentioned in paragraph 3
A.To illustrate predicting disease is possible.
B.To call on doctors to focus on public health data.
C.To prove it's a successful company in global health.
D.To let readers realize the importance of early success.
3.What do we know about computer vision AIs
A.They do better than doctors in some tests.
B.They speed up diagnoses from patient scans.
C.They can rapidly improve patients' conditions.
D.They analyze information from X-ray, CT and MRI images.
4.What do Rima Arnaout's words in paragraph 5 imply
A.AIs are not so smart as human doctors.
B.It's not easy for AIs to take the place of human doctors.
C.A cooperation between AIs and human doctors is a must.
D.Human doctors are playing a big role in practicing medicine.
三、语法填空
Researchers at Purdue University have developed a new kind of ultra-white paint that ①_____ (reflect) 98. 1 percent of sunlight and can keep surfaces up to 19 degrees Fahrenheit cooler than ②_____ (they) ambient surroundings. This new paint, ③_____ may become available for purchase in the next year or two, could someday help combat global warming and reduce our reliance ④_____ air conditioners.
"Our paint only absorbs 1.9 percent of the sunlight, whereas commercial paint absorbs 10 to 20 percent of sunlight," says Xiulin Ruan, a Purdue mechanical engineering professor and one of the study's co-authors.
The paint is a marked ⑤_____ (improve) from current heat-rejecting paint on ⑥_____ market. When struck by the sun's rays, surfaces ⑦_____ (cover) in today's available white paint get warmer, not cooler. At best, the heat-combating paint can reflect 80 to 90 percent of sunlight.
"Our paint can lose heat by its own emission—it emits heat to deep space," Ruan says. "With such little absorption from the sun, our paint loses ⑧_____ (much) heat than it absorbs. This is ⑨_____ (real) exciting for us. Under the sun, it cools below the surrounding temperature and that's hard for other kinds of paint ⑩_____ (achieve)."
答案以及解析
一、填空
1.答案：a
解析：句意为：布赖恩有音乐创作天赋，他很有可能成为像贝多芬一样的人物。此处前应加不定冠词，指具有同样特性的人。
2.答案：the
解析：考查冠词。句意为：他们意外发现土壤不仅吸收脂肪，还能阻止脂肪被身体吸收，并帮助脂肪简单绕过消化系统。此处的"消化系统"为特指，故用定冠词the。
3.答案：an
解析：句意为：我是一名外向的女孩，所以与我的同学相处融洽是我的长处。此处的outgoing girl是泛指，所以其前应用不定冠词，且outgoing的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。
4.答案：a
解析：句意为：今天有飞往美国的航班。根据语境可知，此处表示泛指，故填不定冠词a。
5.答案：the
解析：句意为:这枚戒指表明他在作案现场。on the scene意为"在现场"。
6.答案：the
解析：句意为：我们应该出去欣赏大自然的美丽，而不是在家里上网。此处是特指大自然的美，所以应用定冠词修饰。故填the。
7.答案：the
解析：句意为：目前我们队领先。in the lead 是常用搭配，意为"领先"，故填the。
8.答案：a
解析：句意为:年轻且热心的乔纳森想成为对社会有用的人。make a difference意为"起作用,有影响"。
9.答案：a
解析：考查冠词。句意:从这座塔上你可以很清晰地看到这个公园。get a good view of... 清晰地看到……。
10.答案：an
解析：考查冠词。句意:你为我们树立了榜样,我们打算效仿你。set an example to sb.是固定短语,意为"为某人树立榜样"。
11.答案：what
解析：句意：现在，我的家乡已经根本不是一个十年前来参观过的游客所能预见的样子。空处引导表语从句，表语从句中含有一个who引导的定语从句who visited it ten years ago，表语从句的连接词在从句中作动词expect的宾语，意义上指物，因此用what。
12.答案：that
解析：句意：修复任何可能影响你家供暖性能的东西是很重要的，比如不合适的窗户或者潮湿的墙壁。空格处引导定语从句，修饰不定代词anything，在从句中作主语，故宜用that。
13.答案：another
解析：空格处所填词表示"三者或三者以上中的另一个",故填another。
14.答案：They
解析：句意:我们身边有很多值得尊敬的人。他们可能是我们的老师、父母或邻居。空格处所填词指代people worth respecting,在句中作主语,且位于句首,故填They。
15.答案：it
解析：空格处所填词指代organic food, 故填it。
16.答案：them
解析：所填词作keep的宾语,指代前面的复数名词teeth,故用them。
17.答案：that
解析：句意:最终,那个小偷将偷的所有东西都交给了警察。不定代词 anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little 为先行词时,关系代词只能用that。
18.答案：
1.客观填空 whose
解析：考查定语从句。句意:他们跑过去帮助那个汽车出故障的男士。空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词the man,并在从句中作定语,故填whose。
19.答案：it
解析：句意:他的懒惰使他不可能成功。句中用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语为achieve success。
20.答案：it
解析：句意为:我认为整天坐在电视机前是浪费时间。固定短语find it adj./n. to do sth意为"认为/发现做某事是……的", it在此处作形式宾语。
二、阅读理解
答案：1.B; 2.A; 3.A; 4.B
解析：1.题干意思是"什么在帮助人工智能系统了解人类医学方面发挥了重要作用",A选项是"某些任务";B选项是"大数据";C选项是"模仿的技巧";D选项是"不断增加的需求"。由第二段第一句Data plays a hugely important role in helping AI systems learn about human medicine.(数据在帮助人工智能系统了解人类医学方面发挥着极其重要的作用。)可知B选项符合题意。故此题答案为B。
2.题干意思是"作者为什么在第三段中提到初创公司AIME",A选项的意思是"来说明预测疾病是可能的";B选项的意思是"呼吁医生关注公共卫生数据";C选项的意思是"证明它在全球健康方面是一家成功的公司";D选项的意思是"让读者认识到早期成功的重要性"。由第三段第三句Start-up AIME has successfully combined public health data with machine learning and AIs to create a prediction engine capable of anticipating epidemics months in advance with great accuracy.(初创公司AIME已经成功将公共卫生数据与机器学习及人工智能相结合,创建了一个能够提前几个月准确预测流行病的预测引擎。)可知提到初创公司AIME是为了说明预测疾病是可能的,A选项符合题意。故此题答案为A。
3.题干意思是"关于人工智能计算机视觉,我们了解什么",A选项的意思是"在某些测试中,它们比医生做得更好";B选项的意思是"它们加快了特殊患者的诊断速度";C选项的意思是"它们可以迅速改善患者的状况";D选项的意思是"它们分析来自X射线图像、CT图像和核磁共振图像的信息"。由第四段第四句和第五句Computer vision AIs use pattern recognition to work through these images with incredible speed and accuracy. They have been able to outperform junior doctors and even senior specialists in some tests.(人工智能计算机视觉使用模式识别,以惊人的速度和准确性处理这些图像。在某些测试中,它们的表现已经超越了初级医生甚至高级专家。)可知A选项符合题意。故此题答案为A。
4.题干意思是"第五段中Rima Arnaout的话暗示着什么",A选项的意思是"人工智能比人类医生聪明得多";C选项的意思是"人工智能与人类医生之间的一场合作是必须的";B选项的意思是"对人工智能来说取代人类医生不容易";D选项的意思是"人类医生在行医方面发挥着重要作用"。由第五段第二句She said that despite the result there is no prospect of AIs replacing human doctors any time soon.(她说,尽管结果如此,但人工智能不可能很快取代人类医生。)可知B选项符合题意。故此题答案为B。
三、语法填空
答案： reflects; their; which; on/upon; improvement; the; covered; more; really; to achieve
解析：①考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意为:普渡大学的研究人员研发出一种新的超白色油漆,它可以反射98.1%的阳光,可以使物体表面温度比周围环境低19华氏度。此处陈述客观情况,时态应用一般现在时,且定语从句的先行词为a new kind of ultra-white paint,故填reflects。
②考查代词。句意见上一题解析。此处修饰名词短语ambient surroundings,根据句意可知,应用形容词性物主代词。故填their。
③考查定语从句。句意为:在未来一两年内也许可以购买这种新油漆,它有朝一日可能有助于对抗全球变暖,减少我们对空调的依赖。分析句子结构可知,此处引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which。故填which。
④考查介词。句意见上一题解析。reliance on/upon...为固定用法,表示"对……的依赖"。故填on/upon。
⑤考查词性转换。句意为:与目前已上市的阻热油漆相比,这种油漆有明显的进步。分析句子结构可知,设空处作表语,形容词marked(明显的)修饰名词,故填improvement。
⑥考查冠词。句意见上一题解析。on the market为固定搭配,意为"在出售的;可买到的"。故填the。
⑦考查非谓语动词。句意为:当受到阳光照射时,覆盖了现有的白色油漆的物体表面温度会升高,而不是降低。分析句子结构可知,此处作surfaces的后置定语,且两者之间是逻辑上的被动关系,故填covered。
⑧考查形容词的比较等级。句意为:由于对太阳(光)的吸收如此之少,我们的油漆损失的热量比吸收的多。根据空后的than可知,此处应表示比较含义,故填more。
⑨考查词性转换。句意为:这对我们来说真是个令人兴奋的事情。分析句子结构可知,设空处修饰形容词exciting,应用副词形式,故填really。
⑩考查非谓语动词。句意为:在太阳底下,它会冷却到周围温度以下,这是别的种类的油漆很难达到的。be hard to do sth.为固定搭配,意为"难以做某事"。故填to achieve。
一、填空
1.Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be _____ Beethoven.
2.They accidentally found out that soil does not only absorb fat, it could also stop fat from being absorbed into the body, and help it simply round _____ digestive system.
3.I'm _____ outgoing girl, so it is my strength to get along well with my classmates.
4.There is _____ flight available to America today.
5.The ring suggests that he was on ___________ scene of the crime.
6.Instead of surfing the Internet at home, we should go out to admire _____ beauty of nature.
7.Our team is in _____ lead at the moment.
8.Jonathan, as a young man with a warm heart, wants to be a man who can make ____________ difference to society.
9.You can get ____________ good view of the park from this tower.
10.You have set __________ example to us and we intend to follow your example.
11.Now my hometown is not at all __________ a traveler who visited it ten years ago can expect.
12.It is important to fix anything _________ might affect your home's heating performance, such as badly fitting windows or damp walls.
13.So I went from one bookstore to __________, hoping to find something suitable for him.
14.There are a lot of people worth respecting around us. _________ may be our teachers, parents or neighbors.
15.Many people argue that since organic food is planted without adding chemicals, _________ tastes much better.
16.It's especially effective in ridding bacteria of your teeth to keep _________ healthy.
17.Finally, the thief handed everything he had stolen to the police.
18.They rushed over to help the man car had broken down.
19.His laziness makes _______ impossible for him to achieve success.
20.I find _____________ a waste of time to sit in front of the television all day.
二、阅读理解
As artificial intelligence(AI)systems become more advanced, we can expect them to be used more often in the world of human medicine and healthcare. AI is designed to imitate(模仿)the human brain in decision making and learning, so with the computing power to learn tasks in days or even hours, it is possible to create medical AIs that rapidly outperform doctors in certain tasks.
Data plays a hugely important role in helping AI systems learn about human medicine. AI systems are trained on large data sets gathered from real-life cases. Providing detailed patient information in quantities is a crucial factor for their success.
One of the most important areas for influencing global health is in the field of epidemiology(流行病学). Predicting disease outbreaks can save millions of lives by having resources ready should the worst happen. Startup AIME has successfully combined public health data with machine learning and AI to create a prediction engine capable of anticipating epidemics months in advance with great accuracy.
Another field where medical AIs are making rapid advances is in diagnostics(诊断学). Doctors base a lot of decisions on information from X-ray, CT and MRI images. Speeding up diagnoses from patient scans can rapidly improve patient care and puter vision AIs use pattern recognition to work through these images with incredible speed and accuracy. They have been able to outperform junior doctors and even senior specialists in some tests.
Cardiologist(心脏科医生)Rima Arnaout developed an AI that beat human experts at correctly interpreting echocardiograms(超声心动图)by 92 percent to 79 percent. She said that despite the result there is no prospect of AI replacing human doctors any time soon. "As cardiologists, we read the images and then go to see the patient," she said. "So we're both reading images and practicing medicine. I don't think that the second piece will be taken over so quickly."
The acceptance of AI in medicine will continue to gather pace in the future as it becomes more widespread.
1.What played a big role in helping AI systems know of human medicine
A.Certain tasks. B.Large data. C.The skill to imitate. D.The increasing demand.
2.Why is Startup AIME mentioned in paragraph 3
A.To illustrate predicting disease is possible.
B.To call on doctors to focus on public health data.
C.To prove it's a successful company in global health.
D.To let readers realize the importance of early success.
3.What do we know about computer vision AIs
A.They do better than doctors in some tests.
B.They speed up diagnoses from patient scans.
C.They can rapidly improve patients' conditions.
D.They analyze information from X-ray, CT and MRI images.
4.What do Rima Arnaout's words in paragraph 5 imply
A.AIs are not so smart as human doctors.
B.It's not easy for AIs to take the place of human doctors.
C.A cooperation between AIs and human doctors is a must.
D.Human doctors are playing a big role in practicing medicine.
三、语法填空
Researchers at Purdue University have developed a new kind of ultra-white paint that ①_____ (reflect) 98. 1 percent of sunlight and can keep surfaces up to 19 degrees Fahrenheit cooler than ②_____ (they) ambient surroundings. This new paint, ③_____ may become available for purchase in the next year or two, could someday help combat global warming and reduce our reliance ④_____ air conditioners.
"Our paint only absorbs 1.9 percent of the sunlight, whereas commercial paint absorbs 10 to 20 percent of sunlight," says Xiulin Ruan, a Purdue mechanical engineering professor and one of the study's co-authors.
The paint is a marked ⑤_____ (improve) from current heat-rejecting paint on ⑥_____ market. When struck by the sun's rays, surfaces ⑦_____ (cover) in today's available white paint get warmer, not cooler. At best, the heat-combating paint can reflect 80 to 90 percent of sunlight.
"Our paint can lose heat by its own emission—it emits heat to deep space," Ruan says. "With such little absorption from the sun, our paint loses ⑧_____ (much) heat than it absorbs. This is ⑨_____ (real) exciting for us. Under the sun, it cools below the surrounding temperature and that's hard for other kinds of paint ⑩_____ (achieve)."
答案以及解析
一、填空
1.答案：a
解析：句意为：布赖恩有音乐创作天赋，他很有可能成为像贝多芬一样的人物。此处前应加不定冠词，指具有同样特性的人。
2.答案：the
解析：考查冠词。句意为：他们意外发现土壤不仅吸收脂肪，还能阻止脂肪被身体吸收，并帮助脂肪简单绕过消化系统。此处的"消化系统"为特指，故用定冠词the。
3.答案：an
解析：句意为：我是一名外向的女孩，所以与我的同学相处融洽是我的长处。此处的outgoing girl是泛指，所以其前应用不定冠词，且outgoing的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。
4.答案：a
解析：句意为：今天有飞往美国的航班。根据语境可知，此处表示泛指，故填不定冠词a。
5.答案：the
解析：句意为:这枚戒指表明他在作案现场。on the scene意为"在现场"。
6.答案：the
解析：句意为：我们应该出去欣赏大自然的美丽，而不是在家里上网。此处是特指大自然的美，所以应用定冠词修饰。故填the。
7.答案：the
解析：句意为：目前我们队领先。in the lead 是常用搭配，意为"领先"，故填the。
8.答案：a
解析：句意为:年轻且热心的乔纳森想成为对社会有用的人。make a difference意为"起作用,有影响"。
9.答案：a
解析：考查冠词。句意:从这座塔上你可以很清晰地看到这个公园。get a good view of... 清晰地看到……。
10.答案：an
解析：考查冠词。句意:你为我们树立了榜样,我们打算效仿你。set an example to sb.是固定短语,意为"为某人树立榜样"。
11.答案：what
解析：句意：现在，我的家乡已经根本不是一个十年前来参观过的游客所能预见的样子。空处引导表语从句，表语从句中含有一个who引导的定语从句who visited it ten years ago，表语从句的连接词在从句中作动词expect的宾语，意义上指物，因此用what。
12.答案：that
解析：句意：修复任何可能影响你家供暖性能的东西是很重要的，比如不合适的窗户或者潮湿的墙壁。空格处引导定语从句，修饰不定代词anything，在从句中作主语，故宜用that。
13.答案：another
解析：空格处所填词表示"三者或三者以上中的另一个",故填another。
14.答案：They
解析：句意:我们身边有很多值得尊敬的人。他们可能是我们的老师、父母或邻居。空格处所填词指代people worth respecting,在句中作主语,且位于句首,故填They。
15.答案：it
解析：空格处所填词指代organic food, 故填it。
16.答案：them
解析：所填词作keep的宾语,指代前面的复数名词teeth,故用them。
17.答案：that
解析：句意:最终,那个小偷将偷的所有东西都交给了警察。不定代词 anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little 为先行词时,关系代词只能用that。
18.答案：
1.客观填空 whose
解析：考查定语从句。句意:他们跑过去帮助那个汽车出故障的男士。空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词the man,并在从句中作定语,故填whose。
19.答案：it
解析：句意:他的懒惰使他不可能成功。句中用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语为achieve success。
20.答案：it
解析：句意为:我认为整天坐在电视机前是浪费时间。固定短语find it adj./n. to do sth意为"认为/发现做某事是……的", it在此处作形式宾语。
二、阅读理解
答案：1.B; 2.A; 3.A; 4.B
解析：1.题干意思是"什么在帮助人工智能系统了解人类医学方面发挥了重要作用",A选项是"某些任务";B选项是"大数据";C选项是"模仿的技巧";D选项是"不断增加的需求"。由第二段第一句Data plays a hugely important role in helping AI systems learn about human medicine.(数据在帮助人工智能系统了解人类医学方面发挥着极其重要的作用。)可知B选项符合题意。故此题答案为B。
2.题干意思是"作者为什么在第三段中提到初创公司AIME",A选项的意思是"来说明预测疾病是可能的";B选项的意思是"呼吁医生关注公共卫生数据";C选项的意思是"证明它在全球健康方面是一家成功的公司";D选项的意思是"让读者认识到早期成功的重要性"。由第三段第三句Start-up AIME has successfully combined public health data with machine learning and AIs to create a prediction engine capable of anticipating epidemics months in advance with great accuracy.(初创公司AIME已经成功将公共卫生数据与机器学习及人工智能相结合,创建了一个能够提前几个月准确预测流行病的预测引擎。)可知提到初创公司AIME是为了说明预测疾病是可能的,A选项符合题意。故此题答案为A。
3.题干意思是"关于人工智能计算机视觉,我们了解什么",A选项的意思是"在某些测试中,它们比医生做得更好";B选项的意思是"它们加快了特殊患者的诊断速度";C选项的意思是"它们可以迅速改善患者的状况";D选项的意思是"它们分析来自X射线图像、CT图像和核磁共振图像的信息"。由第四段第四句和第五句Computer vision AIs use pattern recognition to work through these images with incredible speed and accuracy. They have been able to outperform junior doctors and even senior specialists in some tests.(人工智能计算机视觉使用模式识别,以惊人的速度和准确性处理这些图像。在某些测试中,它们的表现已经超越了初级医生甚至高级专家。)可知A选项符合题意。故此题答案为A。
4.题干意思是"第五段中Rima Arnaout的话暗示着什么",A选项的意思是"人工智能比人类医生聪明得多";C选项的意思是"人工智能与人类医生之间的一场合作是必须的";B选项的意思是"对人工智能来说取代人类医生不容易";D选项的意思是"人类医生在行医方面发挥着重要作用"。由第五段第二句She said that despite the result there is no prospect of AIs replacing human doctors any time soon.(她说,尽管结果如此,但人工智能不可能很快取代人类医生。)可知B选项符合题意。故此题答案为B。
三、语法填空
答案： reflects; their; which; on/upon; improvement; the; covered; more; really; to achieve
解析：①考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意为:普渡大学的研究人员研发出一种新的超白色油漆,它可以反射98.1%的阳光,可以使物体表面温度比周围环境低19华氏度。此处陈述客观情况,时态应用一般现在时,且定语从句的先行词为a new kind of ultra-white paint,故填reflects。
②考查代词。句意见上一题解析。此处修饰名词短语ambient surroundings,根据句意可知,应用形容词性物主代词。故填their。
③考查定语从句。句意为:在未来一两年内也许可以购买这种新油漆,它有朝一日可能有助于对抗全球变暖,减少我们对空调的依赖。分析句子结构可知,此处引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which。故填which。
④考查介词。句意见上一题解析。reliance on/upon...为固定用法,表示"对……的依赖"。故填on/upon。
⑤考查词性转换。句意为:与目前已上市的阻热油漆相比,这种油漆有明显的进步。分析句子结构可知,设空处作表语,形容词marked(明显的)修饰名词,故填improvement。
⑥考查冠词。句意见上一题解析。on the market为固定搭配,意为"在出售的;可买到的"。故填the。
⑦考查非谓语动词。句意为:当受到阳光照射时,覆盖了现有的白色油漆的物体表面温度会升高,而不是降低。分析句子结构可知,此处作surfaces的后置定语,且两者之间是逻辑上的被动关系,故填covered。
⑧考查形容词的比较等级。句意为:由于对太阳(光)的吸收如此之少,我们的油漆损失的热量比吸收的多。根据空后的than可知,此处应表示比较含义,故填more。
⑨考查词性转换。句意为:这对我们来说真是个令人兴奋的事情。分析句子结构可知,设空处修饰形容词exciting,应用副词形式,故填really。
⑩考查非谓语动词。句意为:在太阳底下,它会冷却到周围温度以下,这是别的种类的油漆很难达到的。be hard to do sth.为固定搭配,意为"难以做某事"。故填to achieve。