2022届高考英语二轮复习：专题一冠词和代词综合训练（A卷）（含答案）
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| 名称 | 2022届高考英语二轮复习：专题一冠词和代词综合训练（A卷）（含答案） |  | |
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2023届高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题一 冠词和代词综合训练（A卷）
一、填空
1.Millions of species are being killed in such a short time that even _____ fittest can't survive.
2.It is a pity that not all the collections are open to the public, but the Louvre is well worth paying _____ visit to.
3.Completing such a heavy task in such a short time is actually _____ great challenge to us.
4.During_____1960s, there were terrible fights between blacks and whites in America.
5.It's_____ honor as well as a responsibility to be chosen as the host country.
6.For all your information, you don't have to go to_____ library to find the relevant resource and take notes of it.
7.When we got a call saying she was short-listed, we thought it was_____ joke.
8.Of_____ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
9.Everybody wears _____ same style of clothes.
10.The plum trees are _____ first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化).
11.It was hard for him to learn English in a family, in which __________ of the parents spoke the language.
12.Every country has its unique cultural traditions and popular sports. What we can do is just experience them and show __________(we) respect.
13.Mary is expecting another baby now and hopes __________ will be a boy.
14.Over the past 20 years, the Internet helped change our world in __________ way or another for the better.
15.Miss Bessie noticed things that had __________ to do with schoolwork but were vital to a youngsters development.
16.You should make __________ clear how much the person means to you and how hard he or she has worked for you.
17.Daddy explained that he had tried __________ to get home for Christmas, but without success.
18.________ who is interested in the job please get in touch with us as soon as possible by telephone or e-mail.
19.Could you please say ________ for me when you introduce me to Mr. Johnson
20.I think ________ necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.
二、阅读理解
Self-driving cars are just around the corner. Such vehicles will make getting from one place to another safer and less stressful. They also could cut down on traffic, reduce pollution and limit accidents. But how should driverless cars handle emergencies People disagree on the answer. And that might put the brakes on this technology, a new study concludes.
To understand the challenge, imagine a car that suddenly meets some pedestrians in the road. Even with braking, it's too late to avoid a crash. So the car's artificial intelligence must decide whether to swerve (急转弯). To save the pedestrians, should the car swerve off the road or swerve into oncoming traffic What if such options would likely kill the car's passengers
Researchers used online surveys to study people's attitudes about such situations with driverless cars. Survey participants mostly agreed that driverless cars should be designed to protect the most people. That included swerving into walls (or otherwise sacrificing their passengers) to save a larger number of pedestrians. But there is a dilemma (困境). Those same surveyed people want to ride in cars that protect passengers at all costs—even if the pedestrians would now end up dying. Jean Bonnefon is a psychologist at the Toulouse School of Economics in France. He and his colleagues reported their findings in Science.
"Autonomous cars can completely change transportation", says study coauthor Iyad Rahwan. But, he adds, this new technology creates a moral dilemma that could slow its acceptance.
"Makers of driverless cars are in a tough spot," Bonnefon's group warns. Most buyers would want their car to be programmed to protect them in preference to other people. However, regulations might one day instruct that cars must act for the greater good. That would mean saving the most people. But the scientists think rules like this could drive away buyers. If so, all the potential benefits of driverless cars would be lost.
"Compromises (折中) might be possible," Kurt Gray says. He is a psychologist at the University of North Carolina. He thinks that even if all driverless cars are programmed to protect their passengers in emergencies, traffic accidents will decrease. Those vehicles might be dangerous to pedestrians on rare occasions. But they "won't speed, won't drive drunk and won't text while driving, which would be a win for society."
1.The underlined word "challenge" in paragraph 2 refers to ____________.
A. people's negative attitudes towards self-driving cars.
B. how self-driving cars reduce traffic accidents.
C. the technical problems that self-driving cars have.
D. how self-driving cars handle emergencies.
2.According to the text, online surveys show that ____________.
A. self-driving cars' artificial intelligence needs improvement.
B. the busy traffic may be a problem for self-driving cars.
C. people are in a moral dilemma about driverless cars.
D. self-driving cars should be designed to protect drivers.
3.What can we learn from the fifth paragraph
A. Regulations are in favour of drivers.
B. Most people dislike self-driving cars now.
C. Self-driving car makers are in a difficult situation.
D. The potential benefits of driverless cars are ignored.
4.What is Kurt Gray's attitude toward self-driving cars
A. Favorable. B. Doubtful. C. Critical. D. Disapproving.
三、语法填空
UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson has started plans for a "cycling and walking revolution". It, if fully ①______(realize),could change the way people move around towns and cities.
The move comes as authorities' attempt ②_______(improve)public health by arousing people's interest in traveling by bike and on foot. The plans, which are ③_____(special)designed for England, are to be funded by 2 billion.
Wide-ranging in their scope, they include ④_______(aspect)such us: providing cycling training to children and adults ⑤_______ they want it, developing a network of protected bike routes, and creating "low-traffic neighborhoods."
Xavier Brice, the CEO of Sustrans, a charity which focused on cycling and walking, ⑥_____(say)the new plans marked "a big step forward" by the government. "By ⑦______(help)more people to leave the car at home for shorter journeys, this package of measures will cut pollution and improve the safety of our streets," he added.
The coronavirus pandemic has already had a significant effect ⑧_____ the way people move about. Public transport use in the UK has fallen greatly while some parts of the country ⑨____(change) their roads lately to make ⑩_____easier for people to get around by walking or by bike.
答案以及解析
一、填空
1.答案：the
解析：形容词的最高级前应用定冠词the修饰。
2.答案：a
解析：pay a visit to someplace/ sb.去参观某地或拜访某人,相当于pay someplace/ sb. a visit。
3.答案：a
解析：考查冠词。句意: 在这么短的时间内完成这么重的任务对我们来说是一个巨大的挑战。challenge挑战, 是可数名词的单数形式, 此处意思是一个巨大的挑战, great以辅音音素开头, 所以前面要加不定冠词a, 故填a。
4.答案：the
解析：考查定冠词。句意: 在20世纪60年代, 黑人和白人之间发生了猛烈的斗争。根据后文1960s可知用 the, during/in the 1960s 表示在20世纪60年代, 故填the。
5.答案：an
解析：考查不定冠词。句意: 被选为东道主是一种荣誉, 也是一种责任。固定句型It is an honor to do sth.做某事是一种荣誉, 应用不定冠词, honor中的h不发音, 是以元音音素开头的单词, 应用an, 故填an。
6.答案：
1.客观填空 the
解析：考查固定词组。句意: 得到你所要的信息, 都不需要去图书馆找相关资料和做笔记。Go to the library去图书馆。故填the。
7.答案：a
解析：考查冠词。句意: 当我们接到电话说她入围了, 我们还以为这是一个玩笑。根据句意"我们还以为这是一个玩笑"可知, 此处joke为泛指, 故填a。
8.答案：the
解析：考查定冠词。句意: 在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中, 三种数量在减少, 六种保持稳定, 一种数量在增加, 九种缺乏足够的数据。此处为特指, 意为"已知的19 个北极熊亚种群中", 故填the。
9.答案：the
解析：考查冠词。句意: 每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词, 意思是"相同的", 常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。
10.答案：the
解析：考查冠词。句意: 即使当雪还在融化, 梅树就第一个开花了。根据空白处后面的序数词first, 可知此处应填定冠词the。
11.答案：neither
解析：考查代词。句意为：在一个父母都不会说英语的家庭里，学习英语对他来说很难。neither意为"两者都不"，符合句意。故填neither。
12.答案：our
解析：考查代词的用法。句意为:每个国家都有其独特的文化传统和流行运动。我们能做的只是体验它们,并表达我们的尊重。根据主语"we"可知,此处应用形容词性物主代词our作定语,修饰名词"respect"。故填our。
13.答案：it
解析：考查it的用法。句意为: Mary现在又怀孕了,她希望会是个男孩。it可指代性别不明确的人。故填it。
14.答案：one
解析：考查代词。句意为:在过去的20年里,互联网以各种方式帮助改变我们的世界,使世界变得更好。in one way or another意为"以各种方式"。故填one。
15.答案：nothing
解析：考查代词。句意为:Bessie女士注意到一些与学业无关、但对孩子的成长至关重要的事情。have nothing to do with...是固定短语,意为"与……无关"。故填nothing。
16.答案：it
解析：考查it的用法。句意为:你应该弄清楚这个人对你有多重要,他或她为你付出了多大努力。此处应用it作形式宾语,后面的从句是真正的宾语。故填it。
17.答案：everything
解析：考查代词。句意为:爸爸解释说他已经想尽了一切办法回家过圣诞节,但没有成功。everything意为"一切",符合句意。故填everything。
18.答案：Anyone
解析：考查代词。句意为：任何对这份工作感兴趣的人请尽快通过电话或电子邮件与我们取得联系。anyone意为"任何人"，符合句意。故填Anyone。注意首字母大写。
19.答案：something
解析：考查代词。句意为:当你向Johnson先生介绍我的时候,能为我说一些(好)话吗 something意为"某事",通常用于肯定句;用于疑问句时,表示希望得到对方肯定的回答。故填something。
20.答案：it
解析：考查it的用法。句意为：我认为我们每天喝很多热水是必要的。此处应用it作形式宾语， that引导的从句是真正的宾语。故填it。
二、阅读理解
答案：1.D; 2.C; 3.C; 4.A
解析：1.词义猜测题。根据上下文内容可知To understand the challenge, imagine a car suddenly meets some pedestrians in the road.为了理解这个挑战,想象一辆汽车在路上突然遇到一些行人。challenge指的是自动驾驶汽车如何处理紧急情况。故选D.
2.细节理解题。根据第三段Survey participants mostly agreed automated cars should be designed to protect the most people. That included swerving into walls to save a larger number of pedestrians.调查参与者大多同意自动汽车的设计应该保护大多数人。这包括为了拯救更多的行人而转向墙壁。可知,在线调查表明,人们关心的是谁的安全应该是第一位的。故选C。
3.推理判断题。根据第五段 But the scientists think rules like this could drive away buyers, If so, all the potential benefits of driverless cars would be lost.但科学家们认为,这样的规定可能会赶走买家,如果是这样,无人驾驶汽车的所有潜在好处都将丧失。可以推测出,自动驾驶汽车制造商处境艰难。故选C。
4.观点态度题。根据文章最后一段的句子"But they won't speed, won't drive drunk and won't text while driving, which would be a win for society.但他们不会超速,不会酒后驾车,也不会边开车边发短信,这将是社会的胜利。"可知,Kurt Gray对自驾汽车的态度是支持的。结合选项A. Favorable支持的,赞成的;B. Doubtful怀疑的;C. Critical批评的;D. Disapproving不同意的,故选A。
三、语法填空
答案：1. realized2. to improve3. specially4. aspects5. if/when6. said7. helping8. on9. have changed10. it
解析：①考查状语从句的省略。句意:它如果完全地被意识到,可以改变人们的移动方式的城镇和城市。本句为if引导的条件状语从句的省略,还原为it is realized, 因主句主语与从句主语相同,且从句动词为be动词,所以主语和be动词被省略。故答案为realized。
②考查非谓语动词。句意:这一举措是由于当局试图通过唤起人们对骑自行车旅行的兴趣来改善公共健康。分析句子的结构可知:设空处在句中作非谓语,attempt to do sth试图做某事。故答案为to improve。
③考查副词。句意:这项专为英格兰设计的计划将得到20亿英镑的资助。分析句子结构可知:设空处后为动词,设空处应用副词修饰动词。故答案为specially。
④考查名词。句意:他们的范围很广,如果孩子和成年人想要的话,可以提供骑车训练。分析句子的结构可知,设空处在句中作宾语,应用名词形式,名词指的是"such us: providing cycling training to children and adults"以及"developing a network of protected bike routes, and creating "low-traffic neighborhoods."三件事情,名词应用复数形式。故答案为aspects。
⑤考查连词。句意见上题。分析句子的成分可知:设空处应为连词引导从句;结合句意,设空处可表示时间也可表示条件。故答案为if/ when。
⑥考查动词的时态。句意:专注于骑车和步行的慈善机构Sustrans的首席执行官泽维尔 布里斯表示,新计划标志着政府"向前迈出了一大步。分析句子的结构可知:设空处在句中作谓语,根据宾语从句 the new plans marked "a big step forward" by the government.新计划标志着政府"向前迈出了一大步"。可知句子的时态为一般过去时。故答案为said。
⑦考查非谓语动词。句意:"通过帮助更多的人在短途旅行时将汽车留在家里,这一揽子措施将减少污染,提高我们的街道安全,"他补充说。分析句子的结构可知:设空处在句中作非谓语,设空处前为介词,后接动名词作宾语。故答案为helping。
⑧考查介词。句意:冠状病毒大流行已经对人们的出行方式产生了重大影响。固定搭配have an effect on…对……有影响。故答案为on。
⑨考查动词时态。句意:英国的公共交通使用量大幅下降,而该国的一些地区最近改变了道路,使人们步行或骑自行车出行更方便。分析句子结构可知:设空处在句中作谓语,根据lately可以判断时态是现在完成时。故答案为have changed。
⑩考查it作形式宾语。句意见上题。分析句子的结构可知:句子的真正宾语是to get around by walking or by bike.设空处在句中作it作形式宾语。故答案为it。
一、填空
1.Millions of species are being killed in such a short time that even _____ fittest can't survive.
2.It is a pity that not all the collections are open to the public, but the Louvre is well worth paying _____ visit to.
3.Completing such a heavy task in such a short time is actually _____ great challenge to us.
4.During_____1960s, there were terrible fights between blacks and whites in America.
5.It's_____ honor as well as a responsibility to be chosen as the host country.
6.For all your information, you don't have to go to_____ library to find the relevant resource and take notes of it.
7.When we got a call saying she was short-listed, we thought it was_____ joke.
8.Of_____ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
9.Everybody wears _____ same style of clothes.
10.The plum trees are _____ first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化).
11.It was hard for him to learn English in a family, in which __________ of the parents spoke the language.
12.Every country has its unique cultural traditions and popular sports. What we can do is just experience them and show __________(we) respect.
13.Mary is expecting another baby now and hopes __________ will be a boy.
14.Over the past 20 years, the Internet helped change our world in __________ way or another for the better.
15.Miss Bessie noticed things that had __________ to do with schoolwork but were vital to a youngsters development.
16.You should make __________ clear how much the person means to you and how hard he or she has worked for you.
17.Daddy explained that he had tried __________ to get home for Christmas, but without success.
18.________ who is interested in the job please get in touch with us as soon as possible by telephone or e-mail.
19.Could you please say ________ for me when you introduce me to Mr. Johnson
20.I think ________ necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.
二、阅读理解
Self-driving cars are just around the corner. Such vehicles will make getting from one place to another safer and less stressful. They also could cut down on traffic, reduce pollution and limit accidents. But how should driverless cars handle emergencies People disagree on the answer. And that might put the brakes on this technology, a new study concludes.
To understand the challenge, imagine a car that suddenly meets some pedestrians in the road. Even with braking, it's too late to avoid a crash. So the car's artificial intelligence must decide whether to swerve (急转弯). To save the pedestrians, should the car swerve off the road or swerve into oncoming traffic What if such options would likely kill the car's passengers
Researchers used online surveys to study people's attitudes about such situations with driverless cars. Survey participants mostly agreed that driverless cars should be designed to protect the most people. That included swerving into walls (or otherwise sacrificing their passengers) to save a larger number of pedestrians. But there is a dilemma (困境). Those same surveyed people want to ride in cars that protect passengers at all costs—even if the pedestrians would now end up dying. Jean Bonnefon is a psychologist at the Toulouse School of Economics in France. He and his colleagues reported their findings in Science.
"Autonomous cars can completely change transportation", says study coauthor Iyad Rahwan. But, he adds, this new technology creates a moral dilemma that could slow its acceptance.
"Makers of driverless cars are in a tough spot," Bonnefon's group warns. Most buyers would want their car to be programmed to protect them in preference to other people. However, regulations might one day instruct that cars must act for the greater good. That would mean saving the most people. But the scientists think rules like this could drive away buyers. If so, all the potential benefits of driverless cars would be lost.
"Compromises (折中) might be possible," Kurt Gray says. He is a psychologist at the University of North Carolina. He thinks that even if all driverless cars are programmed to protect their passengers in emergencies, traffic accidents will decrease. Those vehicles might be dangerous to pedestrians on rare occasions. But they "won't speed, won't drive drunk and won't text while driving, which would be a win for society."
1.The underlined word "challenge" in paragraph 2 refers to ____________.
A. people's negative attitudes towards self-driving cars.
B. how self-driving cars reduce traffic accidents.
C. the technical problems that self-driving cars have.
D. how self-driving cars handle emergencies.
2.According to the text, online surveys show that ____________.
A. self-driving cars' artificial intelligence needs improvement.
B. the busy traffic may be a problem for self-driving cars.
C. people are in a moral dilemma about driverless cars.
D. self-driving cars should be designed to protect drivers.
3.What can we learn from the fifth paragraph
A. Regulations are in favour of drivers.
B. Most people dislike self-driving cars now.
C. Self-driving car makers are in a difficult situation.
D. The potential benefits of driverless cars are ignored.
4.What is Kurt Gray's attitude toward self-driving cars
A. Favorable. B. Doubtful. C. Critical. D. Disapproving.
三、语法填空
UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson has started plans for a "cycling and walking revolution". It, if fully ①______(realize),could change the way people move around towns and cities.
The move comes as authorities' attempt ②_______(improve)public health by arousing people's interest in traveling by bike and on foot. The plans, which are ③_____(special)designed for England, are to be funded by 2 billion.
Wide-ranging in their scope, they include ④_______(aspect)such us: providing cycling training to children and adults ⑤_______ they want it, developing a network of protected bike routes, and creating "low-traffic neighborhoods."
Xavier Brice, the CEO of Sustrans, a charity which focused on cycling and walking, ⑥_____(say)the new plans marked "a big step forward" by the government. "By ⑦______(help)more people to leave the car at home for shorter journeys, this package of measures will cut pollution and improve the safety of our streets," he added.
The coronavirus pandemic has already had a significant effect ⑧_____ the way people move about. Public transport use in the UK has fallen greatly while some parts of the country ⑨____(change) their roads lately to make ⑩_____easier for people to get around by walking or by bike.
答案以及解析
一、填空
1.答案：the
解析：形容词的最高级前应用定冠词the修饰。
2.答案：a
解析：pay a visit to someplace/ sb.去参观某地或拜访某人,相当于pay someplace/ sb. a visit。
3.答案：a
解析：考查冠词。句意: 在这么短的时间内完成这么重的任务对我们来说是一个巨大的挑战。challenge挑战, 是可数名词的单数形式, 此处意思是一个巨大的挑战, great以辅音音素开头, 所以前面要加不定冠词a, 故填a。
4.答案：the
解析：考查定冠词。句意: 在20世纪60年代, 黑人和白人之间发生了猛烈的斗争。根据后文1960s可知用 the, during/in the 1960s 表示在20世纪60年代, 故填the。
5.答案：an
解析：考查不定冠词。句意: 被选为东道主是一种荣誉, 也是一种责任。固定句型It is an honor to do sth.做某事是一种荣誉, 应用不定冠词, honor中的h不发音, 是以元音音素开头的单词, 应用an, 故填an。
6.答案：
1.客观填空 the
解析：考查固定词组。句意: 得到你所要的信息, 都不需要去图书馆找相关资料和做笔记。Go to the library去图书馆。故填the。
7.答案：a
解析：考查冠词。句意: 当我们接到电话说她入围了, 我们还以为这是一个玩笑。根据句意"我们还以为这是一个玩笑"可知, 此处joke为泛指, 故填a。
8.答案：the
解析：考查定冠词。句意: 在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中, 三种数量在减少, 六种保持稳定, 一种数量在增加, 九种缺乏足够的数据。此处为特指, 意为"已知的19 个北极熊亚种群中", 故填the。
9.答案：the
解析：考查冠词。句意: 每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词, 意思是"相同的", 常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。
10.答案：the
解析：考查冠词。句意: 即使当雪还在融化, 梅树就第一个开花了。根据空白处后面的序数词first, 可知此处应填定冠词the。
11.答案：neither
解析：考查代词。句意为：在一个父母都不会说英语的家庭里，学习英语对他来说很难。neither意为"两者都不"，符合句意。故填neither。
12.答案：our
解析：考查代词的用法。句意为:每个国家都有其独特的文化传统和流行运动。我们能做的只是体验它们,并表达我们的尊重。根据主语"we"可知,此处应用形容词性物主代词our作定语,修饰名词"respect"。故填our。
13.答案：it
解析：考查it的用法。句意为: Mary现在又怀孕了,她希望会是个男孩。it可指代性别不明确的人。故填it。
14.答案：one
解析：考查代词。句意为:在过去的20年里,互联网以各种方式帮助改变我们的世界,使世界变得更好。in one way or another意为"以各种方式"。故填one。
15.答案：nothing
解析：考查代词。句意为:Bessie女士注意到一些与学业无关、但对孩子的成长至关重要的事情。have nothing to do with...是固定短语,意为"与……无关"。故填nothing。
16.答案：it
解析：考查it的用法。句意为:你应该弄清楚这个人对你有多重要,他或她为你付出了多大努力。此处应用it作形式宾语,后面的从句是真正的宾语。故填it。
17.答案：everything
解析：考查代词。句意为:爸爸解释说他已经想尽了一切办法回家过圣诞节,但没有成功。everything意为"一切",符合句意。故填everything。
18.答案：Anyone
解析：考查代词。句意为：任何对这份工作感兴趣的人请尽快通过电话或电子邮件与我们取得联系。anyone意为"任何人"，符合句意。故填Anyone。注意首字母大写。
19.答案：something
解析：考查代词。句意为:当你向Johnson先生介绍我的时候,能为我说一些(好)话吗 something意为"某事",通常用于肯定句;用于疑问句时,表示希望得到对方肯定的回答。故填something。
20.答案：it
解析：考查it的用法。句意为：我认为我们每天喝很多热水是必要的。此处应用it作形式宾语， that引导的从句是真正的宾语。故填it。
二、阅读理解
答案：1.D; 2.C; 3.C; 4.A
解析：1.词义猜测题。根据上下文内容可知To understand the challenge, imagine a car suddenly meets some pedestrians in the road.为了理解这个挑战,想象一辆汽车在路上突然遇到一些行人。challenge指的是自动驾驶汽车如何处理紧急情况。故选D.
2.细节理解题。根据第三段Survey participants mostly agreed automated cars should be designed to protect the most people. That included swerving into walls to save a larger number of pedestrians.调查参与者大多同意自动汽车的设计应该保护大多数人。这包括为了拯救更多的行人而转向墙壁。可知,在线调查表明,人们关心的是谁的安全应该是第一位的。故选C。
3.推理判断题。根据第五段 But the scientists think rules like this could drive away buyers, If so, all the potential benefits of driverless cars would be lost.但科学家们认为,这样的规定可能会赶走买家,如果是这样,无人驾驶汽车的所有潜在好处都将丧失。可以推测出,自动驾驶汽车制造商处境艰难。故选C。
4.观点态度题。根据文章最后一段的句子"But they won't speed, won't drive drunk and won't text while driving, which would be a win for society.但他们不会超速,不会酒后驾车,也不会边开车边发短信,这将是社会的胜利。"可知,Kurt Gray对自驾汽车的态度是支持的。结合选项A. Favorable支持的,赞成的;B. Doubtful怀疑的;C. Critical批评的;D. Disapproving不同意的,故选A。
三、语法填空
答案：1. realized2. to improve3. specially4. aspects5. if/when6. said7. helping8. on9. have changed10. it
解析：①考查状语从句的省略。句意:它如果完全地被意识到,可以改变人们的移动方式的城镇和城市。本句为if引导的条件状语从句的省略,还原为it is realized, 因主句主语与从句主语相同,且从句动词为be动词,所以主语和be动词被省略。故答案为realized。
②考查非谓语动词。句意:这一举措是由于当局试图通过唤起人们对骑自行车旅行的兴趣来改善公共健康。分析句子的结构可知:设空处在句中作非谓语,attempt to do sth试图做某事。故答案为to improve。
③考查副词。句意:这项专为英格兰设计的计划将得到20亿英镑的资助。分析句子结构可知:设空处后为动词,设空处应用副词修饰动词。故答案为specially。
④考查名词。句意:他们的范围很广,如果孩子和成年人想要的话,可以提供骑车训练。分析句子的结构可知,设空处在句中作宾语,应用名词形式,名词指的是"such us: providing cycling training to children and adults"以及"developing a network of protected bike routes, and creating "low-traffic neighborhoods."三件事情,名词应用复数形式。故答案为aspects。
⑤考查连词。句意见上题。分析句子的成分可知:设空处应为连词引导从句;结合句意,设空处可表示时间也可表示条件。故答案为if/ when。
⑥考查动词的时态。句意:专注于骑车和步行的慈善机构Sustrans的首席执行官泽维尔 布里斯表示,新计划标志着政府"向前迈出了一大步。分析句子的结构可知:设空处在句中作谓语,根据宾语从句 the new plans marked "a big step forward" by the government.新计划标志着政府"向前迈出了一大步"。可知句子的时态为一般过去时。故答案为said。
⑦考查非谓语动词。句意:"通过帮助更多的人在短途旅行时将汽车留在家里,这一揽子措施将减少污染,提高我们的街道安全,"他补充说。分析句子的结构可知:设空处在句中作非谓语,设空处前为介词,后接动名词作宾语。故答案为helping。
⑧考查介词。句意:冠状病毒大流行已经对人们的出行方式产生了重大影响。固定搭配have an effect on…对……有影响。故答案为on。
⑨考查动词时态。句意:英国的公共交通使用量大幅下降,而该国的一些地区最近改变了道路,使人们步行或骑自行车出行更方便。分析句子结构可知:设空处在句中作谓语,根据lately可以判断时态是现在完成时。故答案为have changed。
⑩考查it作形式宾语。句意见上题。分析句子的结构可知:句子的真正宾语是to get around by walking or by bike.设空处在句中作it作形式宾语。故答案为it。