【2022高分攻略】高考英语二轮复习学案（通用版) 16 阅读理解之主旨大意题 （原卷版+答案+解析卷）

【2022高分攻略】高考英语二轮复习学案(通用版)
专题十六 阅读理解之主旨大意题 （原卷版）
黑龙江 哈尔滨 邱尚瑛
【考纲解读】
阅读理解题是历年各地高考中的必考项目，阅读理解题能考查出学生对英语语言的综合运用能力。阅读理解题中常见的有：细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题与主旨大意题。前三项已经在前面复习讨论过了。而主旨大意题也是阅读理解试题中的常见形式之一。
主旨大意题考查考生对文章内容的深层次理解，需要考生在充分理解全文的前提下读懂整篇文章的主旨大意。如果考生对全文的理解出现偏差，就容易丢分。因此，主旨大意题对考生提出了比较高的要求：考生需要有略读文章、领会大意的能力。考生要从文章中提炼、抽取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括，归纳出文章的主旨。考生要做好主旨大意题，必须了解其正确选项和干扰选项的特点。
【考点剖析】
【相关知识点连接】
一、主旨大意题的分类与特征
1. 文章大意题 注意文章标题，略读首尾段落。一般情况下：新闻报道与说明文的主题句在首段；记叙文与议论文的主题句在结尾段。
2. 段落大意题 段落大意是指段落的中心思想，通常情况下，多注意段落的首尾句，一般段落大意都在段落首句或者尾句。文章常由多个段落组成，共同支撑全文主题，但每段又分述不同的意思。段落大意可以通过归纳、演绎等方法概括得出。
3. 文章标题题 在阅读理解题中，通过文章的标题基本可以推断出文章的的主题思想与作者想要表达的主题。但是，文章中心主旨不完全等同于文章标题。文章的中心主旨较为详细地陈述文章的内容，而文章的标题则通常情况下较为简明。文章的标题是文章中心思想的最精炼的表达形式。
4. 主旨大意题解题需要注意点
1）确定标题 标题是文章的题目，它不是主题，但限定主题的范围，可表达主题，是对主题的提炼和浓缩，表现形式多为短语，尤其是名词短语。
2）概括全文主题 主题是文章的中心思想，是作者所要表达的中心意思，有的直接出现在文中，有的需通过综合全文的内容概括归纳得出。
二、对段落及文章整体的主题大意的理解
1. 寻找主题句，确定文章主题 主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾（含在开头结尾同时出现、首尾呼应的主题句）。
2. 抓住文章段落大意，概括中心思想 寻找整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在寻找具体段落中心的基础上的。各段落中心句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。
3. 抓住文章主线和关键词语，归纳文章中心 根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。
三、主旨大意及段落大意的解题技巧
1. 位于段首 一般情况，以演绎法撰写的文章，主题句常在文章的开头，即：先点出主题，然后围绕这一主题做具体的陈述。
2. 位于段尾 有些文章会在开头列举事实，然后通过论证阐述作者的核心论点。
3. 位于段中 有时段落是先介绍背景和细节，然后，会用一句综合或概括性的语句概括前面所说的内容，再围绕主题展开对相关问题的深入讨论。
4. 首尾呼应 主题句在段落的开头和结尾两个位置上先后出现，形成前呼后应的格局。
5. 归纳段落大意 要准确概括某段的大意，务必要知道该段的逻辑结构。
1）如果该段是按总分顺序组织，首句做总的说明，其他句子对其进行具体论述，这种结构的主题句就在段首；
2）如果按分总顺序组织，主题句就在段尾；
3）如果按分总分的顺序组织，则主题句就在这段话的中间；
4）如果按总分总的顺序，段落结构相对难度较低，我们可以很明显的看到一段的首句和末句的内容几乎完全一致，正确答案就呼之欲出了；
5）如果按并列式行文，这种结构的段落一般会在一段中讨论两个平行的内容，整个段落可以从中间处分开，前后是平行关系，这样的段落结构对应的答案通常也会是很明显的并列关系；
6）如果对比各事物，那么它们的共同点或不同点就是该段大意。
7）通过作者在文中的暗示，充分发挥想象力与判断力揣摩段落大意。
6. 寻找主题句 要准确找出段落的主题句，既：段落的中心思想。找出每小段的主题句是正确解答此类题的关键。
1）段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however, but, in fact, actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。
2）首段出现疑问句时，对该问句的回答很可能就是文章主旨。
3）作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。
4）表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等词，通常是主旨。
7. 主旨大意题干的提问方式 一般情况下，主旨大意题的提问是对全文（the passage，the text）进行提问。常见的方式有：
·The best title of the passage is ________.
·Which of the following is the best title of the passage
·What would be the best title for the passage
·The most appropriate title of the passage is ______.
·What can be a suitable title for the text
·What can be a suitable title for the passage
·What's the main idea/point of the passage
·The passage is mainly about ________.
·The passage is mainly concerned about ________.
·Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage
·In this passage the author discusses primarily ________.
·The subject discussed in this text is ________.
·The general/main idea of the passage is about ________.
·What does the author tell us in Paragraph ...
·The main idea of the second paragraph probably is ________.
·The first paragraph is mainly about ________.
·Which of the following can best summarize Para.1
·What is the first paragraph mainly about
·Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea/theme of the passage
【强化训练】
1.（2021年高考 浙江卷 阅读理解 B篇）
We live in a town with three beaches. There are two parks less than 10 minutes' walk from home where neighborhood children gather to play. However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen—any screen—and stare at it for hours. They are not alone. Today's children spend an average of four and a half hours a day looking at screens, split between watching television and using the Internet.
In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to counter this trend. A couple of years ago, film-maker David Bond realized that his children, then aged five and three, were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say "chocolate" into his three-year-old son's ear without getting a response. He realized that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed himself "marketing director for Nature". He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the Wild Network, a group of organizations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.
"Just five more minutes outdoors can make a difference, " David Bond says. "There is a lot of really interesting evidence which seems to be suggesting that if children are inspired up to the age of seven, then being outdoors will be a habit for life." His own children have got into the habit of playing outside now: "We just send them out into the garden and tell them not to come back in for a while."
Summer is upon us. There is an amazing world out there, and it needs our children as much as they need it. Let us get them out and let them play.
24) What is the problem with the author's children
A. They often annoy the neighbors.
B. They are tired of doing their homework.
C. They have no friends to play with.
D. They stay in front of sereens for too long.
25) How did David Bond advocate his idea
A. By making a documentary film.
B. By organizing outdoor activities.
C. By advertising in London media.
D. By creating a network of friends.
26) Which of the following can replace the underlined word “charts” in paragraph 2
A. records B. predicts C. delays D. confirms
27) What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Let Children Have Fun
B. Young Children Need More Free Time
C. Market Nature to Children
D. David Bond: A Role Model for Children
2.（2019年高考 江苏卷 阅读理解D篇）
The 65-year-old Steve Goodwin was found suffering from early Alzheimer’s（阿尔楚海默症）. He was losing his memory.
A software engineer by profession, Steve was a keen lover of the piano, and the only musician in his family. Music was his true passion, though he had never performed outside the family.
Melissa, his daughter, felt it more than worthwhile to save his music, to which she fell asleep catch night when she was young. She thought about hiring a professional pianist to work with her father.
Naomi, Melissa’s best friend and a talented pianist, got to know about this and showed willingness to help.
“Why do this ” Steve wondered.
“Because she cares.” Melissa said.
Steve nodded, tears in eye.
Naomi drove to the Goodwin home. She told Steve she’d love to hear him play. Steve moved to the piano and sat at the bench, hands trembling as he gently placed his fingers on the keys.
Naomi put a small recorder near the piano, Starts and stops and mistakes. Long pauses, heart sinking. But Steve pressed on, playing for the first time in his life for a stranger.
“It was beautiful." Naomi said after listening to the recording. “The music was worth saving.”
Her responsibility, her privilege, would be to rescue it. The music was sill in Steve Goodwin. It was bidden in rooms with doors about to be locked.
Naomi and Steve met every other week and spent hours together. He’d move his fingers clumsily on the piano, and then she’d take his place. He struggled to explain what he heard in his head. He stood by the piano, eyes closed, listening for the first time to his own work being played by someone else.
Steve and Naomi spoke in musical code lines, beats, intervals, moving from the root to end a song in a new key. Steve heard it. All of it. He just couldn’t play it.
Working with Naomi did wonders for Steve. It had excited within him the belief he could write one last song. One day, Naomi received an email. Attached was a recording, a recording of loss and love, of the fight. Steve called it “Melancholy Flower”.
Naomi heard multiple stops and starts, Steve struggling, searching while his wife Joni called him “honey” and encouraged him. The task was so hard, and Steve, angry and upset, said he was quitting. Joni praised him, telling her husband this could be his signature piece.
Naomi managed to figure out 16 of Steve’s favorite, and most personal songs. With Naomi’s help, the Goodwin family found a sound engineer to record Naomi playing Steve’s songs. Joni thought that would be the end. But it wasn’t.
In the months leading up to the 2016 Oregon Repertory Singers Christmas concert, Naomi told the director she had a special one in mind: “Melancholy Flower”
She told the director about her project with Steve. The director agreed to add it to the playing list. But Naomi would have to ask Steve’s permission. He considered it an honor.
After the concert, Naomi told the family that Steve’s music was beautiful and professional. It needed to be shared in public.
The family rented a former church in downtown Portland and scheduled a concert. By the day of the show, more than 300 people had said they would attend.
By then, Steve was having a hard time remembering the names of some of his friends. He knew the path his life was now taking. He told his family he was at peace.
Steve arrived and sat in the front row, surrounded by his family. The house lights faded. Naomi took the stage. Her fingers. His heart.
65）Why did Melissa want to save her father’s music
　A. His music could stop his disease from worsening.
　B. She wanted to please her dying old father.
　C. His music deserved to be preserved in the family.
　D. She wanted to make her father a professional.
66）After hearing Steve’s playing, Naomi ________.
　A. refused to make a comment on it　　　B. was deeply impressed by his music
　C. decided to free Steve from suffering　D. regretted offering help to her friend
67）How can the process of Steve’s recording be described
　A. It was slow but productive.　　B. It was beneficial to his health.
　C. It was tiresome for Naomi. 　　D. It was vital for Naomi’s career.
68）Before Steve finished “Melancholy Flower," his wife Joni _______.
　A. thought the music talent of Steve was exhausted
　B. didn’t expect the damage the disease brought about
　C. didn’t fully realize the value of her husband’s music
　D. brought her husband’s music career to perfection　
69）How did Steve feel at the concert held in downtown Portlan
　A. He felt concerned about his illness.　B. He sensed a responsibility for music.
　C. He regained his faith in music.　　　D. He got into a state of quiet.
70）What can be a suitable title for the passage
　A. The Kindness of Friends 　B. The Power of Music
　C. The Making of a Musician 　D. The Value of Determination
3.（2018年高考 全国卷I卷 阅读理解 B篇）
Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role — showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.
In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s leant into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam,14, Finn,13, and Jack, 11.
"We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant," she explains. "I pay 5 for a portion (一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. "
The eight-part series(系列节自), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.
With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.
24）What do we know about Susanna Reid
A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests.
B. She has started a new programme.
C. She dislikes working early in the morning.
D. She has had a light budget for her family.
25）How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna
A. He buys cooking materials for her.
B. He prepares food for her kids.
C. He assists her in cooking matters.
D. He invites guest families for her.
26.）What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4
A. Summarize the previous paragraphs.
B. Provide some advice for the readers.
C. Add some background information.
D. Introduce a new topic for discussion.
27.）What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart B. Balancing Our Daily Diet
C. Making yourself a Perfect Chef D. Cooking Well for Less
4.（2020年高考 全国I卷 阅读理解B篇）
Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There’s a welcome familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.
The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It’s true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all about the present. It’s about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight.
There are three books I reread annually The first, which I take to reading every spring is Emest Hemningway’s A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的)，an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillard’s Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazar’s Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar.
While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifs, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, it’s you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.
24）Why does the author like rereading
A. It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.
B. It’s a window to a whole new world.
C. It’s a substitute for drinking with a friend.
D. It extends the understanding of oneself.
25）What do we know about the book A Moveable Feast
A. It’s a brief account of a trip.
B. It’s about Hemingway’s life as a young man.
C. It’s a record of a historic event.
D. It’s about Hemingway’s friends in Paris.
26）What does the underlined word “currency” in paragraph 4 refer to
A. Debt B. Reward. C Allowance. D. Face value.
27）What can we infer about the author from the text
A. He loves poetry. B. He’s an editor.
C. He’s very ambitious. D. He teaches reading.
5.（2020年高考 全国I卷 阅读理解 D篇 节选）
The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source (电源)-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission (传输).
32）What is the first paragraph mainly about
A. A new study of different plants
B. A big fall in crime rates.
C. Employees from various workplaces
D. Benefits from green plants.
35）Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Can we grow more glowing plants
B. How do we live with glowing plants
C. Could glowing plants replace lamps
D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free
6.（2020年高考 新高考I卷 阅读理解D篇 节选）
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
12）What is the recent study mainly about
A. Food safety. C. Consumer demand.
B. Movie viewership. D. Eating behavior.
7.（2020年高考 哈工大附中 阅读理解专项测试）
Why do some people flush when they drink alcohol This effect is a common reaction to alcohol among East Asians. It affects about 36 percent of Japanese，Chinese and Koreans.
For many，even a small amount of alcohol can cause unpleasant effects. Most commonly，their face，neck and sometimes their whole body turn red. People might also feel uncomfortable and sick to their stomach. They might experience a burning sensation(感觉)，increased heart rate，shortness of breath and headaches.
The cause is a genetic difference that they are born with called an ALDH2 deficiency(缺乏)．It prevents their bodies from treating alcohol the way other people do. But the effects might be more serious than just a red face. Researchers warn of a link between this condition and an increased risk of cancer of the esophagus(食道)from drinking alcohol.
The more alcohol people with this deficiency drink，the greater their risk is. In Japan and South Korea，for example，many people have the deficiency but still drink heavily. Researchers have found that these drinkers develop a form of esophageal cancer six to ten times more often than those without the deficiency.
Esophageal cancer is one of the deadliest cancers. It can be treated when found early，but once it grows the chances of survival drop sharply. The researchers estimate that at least five hundred forty million people have the deficiency，about eight percent of the world's population.
Philip Brooks is a researcher at the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism in the United States. He says it is important to educate people about the link between the alcohol flushing effect and esophageal cancer. He says doctors should ask East Asian patients about their experiences with facial flushing after drinking alcohol. Those with a history of it should be advised to limit their alcohol use. They should also be warned that cigarette smoking works with the alcohol in a way that further increases the risk of esophageal cancer.
1）The underlined word “flush” in Paragraph 1 probably means “________”．
A. walk unsteadily B. turn red in the face
C. appear unpleasant D. talk more than usual
2）The second paragraph is mainly about________．
A. the cause of the effects of alcohol
B. Asians and alcohol
C. he advantages of drinking alcohol
D. unpleasant effects caused by alcohol
3）Esophageal cancer is considered one of the deadliest cancers in that________．
A. it can't be treated at all
B. it is not easy to be discovered early
C. it is hard to cure once it has developed
D. people are addicted to alcohol
4）We can infer from the passage that ________．
A. only some East Asians have the ALDH2 deficiency
B. about 36 percent of Japanese，Chinese and Koreans are heavy drinkers
C. unpleasant effects occur only when people with this deficiency drink a lot
D. the ALDH2 deficiency may be passed on from generation to generation
8.（2020年高考 哈工大附中 阅读理解专项测试）
For 150 million years during the age of the dinosaurs, a group of dolphin like reptiles called ichthyosaurs ruled the ocean—until everything started to go wrong.
After multiplying into about 100 known species，ichthyosaurs began to disappear from the oceans around the middle of the Cretaceous period, a time of turbulent (混乱的) changes in the environment. The aquatic (水产的) reptiles went extinct 28 million years before the rest of their dinosaur cohort.
Scientists have been unable to find a singular cataclysmic event, such as a volcanic eruption or meteorite strike, that could explain ichthyosaurs' abrupt disappearance from the fossil record.
Now researchers have new explanation for the lizard fish's demise: They had lost their ability to adapt to a swiftly changing climate.
The aquatic lizards thrived throughout the early years of the dinosaurs in the Permian, Triassic and Jurassic periods. Then came the Cretaceous.
That was a turbulent time to live on Earth. The poles were nearly ice free，causing sea levels to reach great heights. Temperatures were among the hottest the planet has seen in the last 250 million years.
Scientists have blamed the demise of the ichthyosaurs on their inability to keep up with other predators or the loss of key prey species. But a new study by Valentin Fischer, a paleontologist who studies ichthyosaurs at the University of Liege in Belgium, and his colleagues says neither of these explanations could account for the scale and speed of the die off.
Writing in the journal Nature Communications, Fischer and his colleagues argue that the unstable climate contributed to the disappearance of ichthyosaurs during a 5-million to 6-million-year window in the Cretaceous known as the Cenomanian stage.
While the rising temperatures and higher seas wouldn't have had a direct effect on the ichthyosaurs, they could have played an indirect role in their decline, Fischer said. The changing climate could have made their food more scarce, or disrupted migratory routes and birthing places, among other consequences.
Despite their variety of body shapes and survival strategies, ichthyosaurs were unable to keep up with all of these changes, the study authors wrote.
They reached this conclusion by comparing the geological record of the Cretaceous to a newly reconstructed history of ichthyosaur evolution based on museum specimens (样品) and a review of information in previously published studies.
What became clear was the ichthyosaurs' extinction coincided with global climate shifts and the animals' slower rate of evolution, which left them unable to adapt as their environment changed，the study found.
“They were probably very well adapted to their niches，and their environments were probably pretty stable,” Fischer said, “That could have lowered the pressure of natural selection and thus lowered their rates of evolution.”
Think of the Cenomanian stage as a transition period.
1）The underlined word “That” in Paragraph 6 refers to the period of ________．
A. Permian　　 B. Triassic C. Jurassic D. Cretaceous
2）Fischer and his colleagues came to their conclusion by ________．
A. making comparisons B. conducting experiments
C. analyzing samples D. observing weather changes
3）Which of the following sentences can be used to conclude the last but one paragraph
A. No pains, no gains.
B. No man is wise at all times.
C. A bad beginning makes a bad ending.
D. Born in misery and die of happiness.
4）What might be the best title for the passage
A. A new research focused on the history of ichthyosaur evolution
B. A swift climate change followed the disappearance of ichthyosaurs
C. Climate change taught ancient ichthyosaurs a lesson: Adapt or die
D. Ichthyosaurs ruled the ocean for 150 million years before disappearing
19【2022高分攻略】高考英语二轮复习学案(通用版)
专题十六 阅读理解之主旨大意题 （解析卷）
黑龙江 哈尔滨 邱尚瑛
【考纲解读】
阅读理解题是历年各地高考中的必考项目，阅读理解题能考查出学生对英语语言的综合运用能力。阅读理解题中常见的有：细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题与主旨大意题。前三项已经在前面复习讨论过了。而主旨大意题也是阅读理解试题中的常见形式之一。
主旨大意题考查考生对文章内容的深层次理解，需要考生在充分理解全文的前提下读懂整篇文章的主旨大意。如果考生对全文的理解出现偏差，就容易丢分。因此，主旨大意题对考生提出了比较高的要求：考生需要有略读文章、领会大意的能力。考生要从文章中提炼、抽取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括，归纳出文章的主旨。考生要做好主旨大意题，必须了解其正确选项和干扰选项的特点。
【考点剖析】
【相关知识点连接】
一、主旨大意题的分类与特征
1. 文章大意题 注意文章标题，略读首尾段落。一般情况下：新闻报道与说明文的主题句在首段；记叙文与议论文的主题句在结尾段。
2. 段落大意题 段落大意是指段落的中心思想，通常情况下，多注意段落的首尾句，一般段落大意都在段落首句或者尾句。文章常由多个段落组成，共同支撑全文主题，但每段又分述不同的意思。段落大意可以通过归纳、演绎等方法概括得出。
3. 文章标题题 在阅读理解题中，通过文章的标题基本可以推断出文章的的主题思想与作者想要表达的主题。但是，文章中心主旨不完全等同于文章标题。文章的中心主旨较为详细地陈述文章的内容，而文章的标题则通常情况下较为简明。文章的标题是文章中心思想的最精炼的表达形式。
4. 主旨大意题解题需要注意点
1）确定标题 标题是文章的题目，它不是主题，但限定主题的范围，可表达主题，是对主题的提炼和浓缩，表现形式多为短语，尤其是名词短语。
2）概括全文主题 主题是文章的中心思想，是作者所要表达的中心意思，有的直接出现在文中，有的需通过综合全文的内容概括归纳得出。
二、对段落及文章整体的主题大意的理解
1. 寻找主题句，确定文章主题 主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾（含在开头结尾同时出现、首尾呼应的主题句）。
2. 抓住文章段落大意，概括中心思想 寻找整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在寻找具体段落中心的基础上的。各段落中心句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。
3. 抓住文章主线和关键词语，归纳文章中心 根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。
三、主旨大意及段落大意的解题技巧
1. 位于段首 一般情况，以演绎法撰写的文章，主题句常在文章的开头，即：先点出主题，然后围绕这一主题做具体的陈述。
2. 位于段尾 有些文章会在开头列举事实，然后通过论证阐述作者的核心论点。
3. 位于段中 有时段落是先介绍背景和细节，然后，会用一句综合或概括性的语句概括前面所说的内容，再围绕主题展开对相关问题的深入讨论。
4. 首尾呼应 主题句在段落的开头和结尾两个位置上先后出现，形成前呼后应的格局。
5. 归纳段落大意 要准确概括某段的大意，务必要知道该段的逻辑结构。
1）如果该段是按总分顺序组织，首句做总的说明，其他句子对其进行具体论述，这种结构的主题句就在段首；
2）如果按分总顺序组织，主题句就在段尾；
3）如果按分总分的顺序组织，则主题句就在这段话的中间；
4）如果按总分总的顺序，段落结构相对难度较低，我们可以很明显的看到一段的首句和末句的内容几乎完全一致，正确答案就呼之欲出了；
5）如果按并列式行文，这种结构的段落一般会在一段中讨论两个平行的内容，整个段落可以从中间处分开，前后是平行关系，这样的段落结构对应的答案通常也会是很明显的并列关系；
6）如果对比各事物，那么它们的共同点或不同点就是该段大意。
7）通过作者在文中的暗示，充分发挥想象力与判断力揣摩段落大意。
6. 寻找主题句 要准确找出段落的主题句，既：段落的中心思想。找出每小段的主题句是正确解答此类题的关键。
1）段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however, but, in fact, actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。
2）首段出现疑问句时，对该问句的回答很可能就是文章主旨。
3）作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。
4）表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等词，通常是主旨。
7. 主旨大意题干的提问方式 一般情况下，主旨大意题的提问是对全文（the passage，the text）进行提问。常见的方式有：
·The best title of the passage is ________.
·Which of the following is the best title of the passage
·What would be the best title for the passage
·The most appropriate title of the passage is ______.
·What can be a suitable title for the text
·What can be a suitable title for the passage
·What's the main idea/point of the passage
·The passage is mainly about ________.
·The passage is mainly concerned about ________.
·Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage
·In this passage the author discusses primarily ________.
·The subject discussed in this text is ________.
·The general/main idea of the passage is about ________.
·What does the author tell us in Paragraph ...
·The main idea of the second paragraph probably is ________.
·The first paragraph is mainly about ________.
·Which of the following can best summarize Para.1
·What is the first paragraph mainly about
·Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea/theme of the passage
【强化训练】
1.（2021年高考 浙江卷 阅读理解 B篇）
We live in a town with three beaches. There are two parks less than 10 minutes' walk from home where neighborhood children gather to play. However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen—any screen—and stare at it for hours. They are not alone. Today's children spend an average of four and a half hours a day looking at screens, split between watching television and using the Internet.
In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organizations have begun coming up with plans to counter this trend. A couple of years ago, film-maker David Bond realized that his children, then aged five and three, were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say "chocolate" into his three-year-old son's ear without getting a response. He realized that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed himself "marketing director for Nature". He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the Wild Network, a group of organizations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.
"Just five more minutes outdoors can make a difference, " David Bond says. "There is a lot of really interesting evidence which seems to be suggesting that if children are inspired up to the age of seven, then being outdoors will be a habit for life." His own children have got into the habit of playing outside now: "We just send them out into the garden and tell them not to come back in for a while."
Summer is upon us. There is an amazing world out there, and it needs our children as much as they need it. Let us get them out and let them play.
24) What is the problem with the author's children
A. They often annoy the neighbors.
B. They are tired of doing their homework.
C. They have no friends to play with.
D. They stay in front of sereens for too long.
25) How did David Bond advocate his idea
A. By making a documentary film.
B. By organizing outdoor activities.
C. By advertising in London media.
D. By creating a network of friends.
26) Which of the following can replace the underlined word “charts” in paragraph 2
A. records B. predicts C. delays D. confirms
27) What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Let Children Have Fun
B. Young Children Need More Free Time
C. Market Nature to Children
D. David Bond: A Role Model for Children
【答案与解析】
24) D 细节理解题 根据第一段第三句 "However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen-any screen-and stare at it for hours.（(然而，我的孩子们放学后想做的是拿起一个屏幕----任何屏幕----盯着它看几个小时）" 可知，作者的孩子们放学之后只想看电子屏幕，并盯着看好几个小时，孩子在屏幕前呆的时间太长了。所以，选D。
25) A 细节理解题 根据第二段最后两句“He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the Wild Network, a group of organizations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.（他记录了他的旅程，他开始把大自然当作一个品牌，让年轻人看到）”可知，作者记录了自己的旅程，并制作成电影。所以，选A。
26) A 词句猜测题 根据划线词上文“a film”可知，本句主语是一部电影，下文“the birth of the World Network (世界网络的诞生)”解释了这部电影的主旨。由此推知，划线词charts意为“记录、描绘”，与“records”意思一致。所以，选A项。
27) C 主旨大意题 根据第二段中的“He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the World Network, a group of organizations with the common goal of getting children out into nature. (他把自己的旅行记录下来，开始把自然当作一个品牌，推销给年轻人。其结果是Project Wild Thing，一部记录了World Network (世界网络)诞生的电影，World Network (世界网络)是以让孩子们接触大自然为共同目标的团体)”可知，本文主要讲述了电影制作人David Bond为了让孩子们远离屏幕，拍摄自己的旅行，并将自然当作一个品牌，推销给年轻人。由此可知，C项Market Nature to Children(把自然推销给年轻人)适合作本文标题。所以，选C项。
【文章大意】
我们住在一个有三个海滩的镇上。在离家不到10分钟路程的两个地方，邻居家的孩子们聚在一起玩耍。然而，我的孩子们放学后想做的是拿起一个屏幕——任何屏幕——盯着它几个小时。他们并不孤单。现在的孩子平均每天花四个半小时看屏幕，一半看电视，一半上网。
在过去的几年里，越来越多的人和组织开始制定计划来对抗这种趋势。几年前，电影制作人大卫·邦德意识到他的两个孩子(当时分别是5岁和3岁)都离不开屏幕，以至于他对着3岁的儿子的耳朵说“巧克力”都没有回应。他意识到有些事情需要改变，作为一名伦敦媒体人，他任命自己为“《自然》杂志的营销总监”。他记录了自己的旅程，开始将自然作为一个品牌向年轻人推销。结果就是《狂野计划》，这部电影记录了世界网络的诞生，这是一群组织，他们的共同目标是让孩子们走进大自然。
大卫·邦德说:“在户外多待五分钟就会有所不同。”“有很多有趣的证据表明，如果孩子在7岁之前受到启发，那么户外活动将成为终生的习惯。”
他自己的孩子现在已经养成了在外面玩的习惯:“我们只要把他们送到花园里去，告诉他们一会儿别再回来。”
夏天来了。外面有一个神奇的世界，它需要我们的孩子，就像他们需要它一样。让我们把他们弄出来，让他们玩。
2.（2019年高考 江苏卷 阅读理解D篇）
The 65-year-old Steve Goodwin was found suffering from early Alzheimer’s（阿尔楚海默症）. He was losing his memory.
A software engineer by profession, Steve was a keen lover of the piano, and the only musician in his family. Music was his true passion, though he had never performed outside the family.
Melissa, his daughter, felt it more than worthwhile to save his music, to which she fell asleep catch night when she was young. She thought about hiring a professional pianist to work with her father.
Naomi, Melissa’s best friend and a talented pianist, got to know about this and showed willingness to help.
“Why do this ” Steve wondered.
“Because she cares.” Melissa said.
Steve nodded, tears in eye.
Naomi drove to the Goodwin home. She told Steve she’d love to hear him play. Steve moved to the piano and sat at the bench, hands trembling as he gently placed his fingers on the keys.
Naomi put a small recorder near the piano, Starts and stops and mistakes. Long pauses, heart sinking. But Steve pressed on, playing for the first time in his life for a stranger.
“It was beautiful." Naomi said after listening to the recording. “The music was worth saving.”
Her responsibility, her privilege, would be to rescue it. The music was sill in Steve Goodwin. It was bidden in rooms with doors about to be locked.
Naomi and Steve met every other week and spent hours together. He’d move his fingers clumsily on the piano, and then she’d take his place. He struggled to explain what he heard in his head. He stood by the piano, eyes closed, listening for the first time to his own work being played by someone else.
Steve and Naomi spoke in musical code lines, beats, intervals, moving from the root to end a song in a new key. Steve heard it. All of it. He just couldn’t play it.
Working with Naomi did wonders for Steve. It had excited within him the belief he could write one last song. One day, Naomi received an email. Attached was a recording, a recording of loss and love, of the fight. Steve called it “Melancholy Flower”.
Naomi heard multiple stops and starts, Steve struggling, searching while his wife Joni called him “honey” and encouraged him. The task was so hard, and Steve, angry and upset, said he was quitting. Joni praised him, telling her husband this could be his signature piece.
Naomi managed to figure out 16 of Steve’s favorite, and most personal songs. With Naomi’s help, the Goodwin family found a sound engineer to record Naomi playing Steve’s songs. Joni thought that would be the end. But it wasn’t.
In the months leading up to the 2016 Oregon Repertory Singers Christmas concert, Naomi told the director she had a special one in mind: “Melancholy Flower”
She told the director about her project with Steve. The director agreed to add it to the playing list. But Naomi would have to ask Steve’s permission. He considered it an honor.
After the concert, Naomi told the family that Steve’s music was beautiful and professional. It needed to be shared in public.
The family rented a former church in downtown Portland and scheduled a concert. By the day of the show, more than 300 people had said they would attend.
By then, Steve was having a hard time remembering the names of some of his friends. He knew the path his life was now taking. He told his family he was at peace.
Steve arrived and sat in the front row, surrounded by his family. The house lights faded. Naomi took the stage. Her fingers. His heart.
65）Why did Melissa want to save her father’s music
　A. His music could stop his disease from worsening.
　B. She wanted to please her dying old father.
　C. His music deserved to be preserved in the family.
　D. She wanted to make her father a professional.
66）After hearing Steve’s playing, Naomi ________.
　A. refused to make a comment on it　　　B. was deeply impressed by his music
　C. decided to free Steve from suffering　D. regretted offering help to her friend
67）How can the process of Steve’s recording be described
　A. It was slow but productive.　　B. It was beneficial to his health.
　C. It was tiresome for Naomi. 　　D. It was vital for Naomi’s career.
68）Before Steve finished “Melancholy Flower," his wife Joni _______.
　A. thought the music talent of Steve was exhausted
　B. didn’t expect the damage the disease brought about
　C. didn’t fully realize the value of her husband’s music
　D. brought her husband’s music career to perfection　
69）How did Steve feel at the concert held in downtown Portlan
　A. He felt concerned about his illness.　B. He sensed a responsibility for music.
　C. He regained his faith in music.　　　D. He got into a state of quiet.
70）What can be a suitable title for the passage
　A. The Kindness of Friends 　B. The Power of Music
　C. The Making of a Musician 　D. The Value of Determination
【答案与解析】　
该篇文章为记叙文，全文共22个自然段。文章讲述了一个患有阿尔兹海默症的老人在女儿的帮助下努力重新学习音乐并自己创作乐曲的故事。这位患有阿尔兹海默症的老人Steve在女儿Melissa和钢琴家Naomi的帮助下学习音乐，保持音乐方面的才华，重新拾起了自己的音乐梦，最终在音乐会上给300多名观众演奏乐曲。
65）C　细节理解　　根据文章第二段可知，父亲Steve是一位钢琴爱好者，是家里唯一的一位音乐家，再根据第三段“felt it more than worthwhile to save his music, to which she fell asleep catch night when she was young”可知，父亲Steve的音乐陪伴了Melissa的成长。因此，Melissa觉得他对于这个家庭有着特别的意义，值得被保存。所以，选C。
66）B　细节理解　　根据第十段“It was beautiful."　Naomi said after listening to the recording.　“The music was worth saving.”可知，听完他的演奏之后，, Naomi对于他的音乐很是赞赏。所以，选B。
67）A　细节理解　　根据第十二段，Naomi and Steve met every other week and spent hours together.　He’d move his fingers clumsily on the piano, and then she’d take his place.　及第十四段中的Working with Naomi did wonders for Steve.　It had excited within him the belief he could write one last song.　可知，音乐的录制过程缓慢，但是有成效。所以，选A。
68）C　推理判断　　根据第十五段中的Naomi heard multiple stops and starts, Steve struggling, searching while his wife Joni called him “honey” and encouraged him. The task was so hard, and Steve, angry and upset, said he was quitting. Joni praised him, telling her husband this could be his signature piece.可知，在Steve进行音乐创作时，他泄气过，甚至说过要放弃，而他的妻子Joni仍然鼓励他和表扬他，并称这是他的签名之作，有signature一般表示文件结尾的签名，可推知，Joni认为这是她丈夫最后的创作，他之前并没有想到丈夫的音乐会有被公开演奏的一天。再结合下文中的Steve的音乐在音乐会上被演奏并得到认可及其对Steve的影响的内容可知，Joni之前并没有完全认识到Steve的音乐价值或其积极作用。所以，选C。此题需要通过逻辑思维得出的正确答案。因原文中没有直接出现相应的答案，所以需要通过推理判断得出。
69）D　细节理解　　根据文章最后两段的内容，特别是倒数第二段中的He told his family he was at peace.可知，在音乐会上，他心情很平静，故选择D。
70）B　主旨大意、标题判断题　 音乐让Steve在家人、朋友的帮助下展开了一场与病魔赛跑的接力赛，因此，“The Power of Music”适合做该篇文章的题目，因为“The Power of Music”概括了全文的中心思想和作者想要传达的精神。所以，选B。
【文章大意】
65岁的史蒂夫·古德温被发现患有早期老年痴呆症(阿尔楚海默症)。他正在失忆。
史蒂夫的职业是软件工程师，他酷爱钢琴，是家里唯一的音乐家。音乐是他真正的爱好，尽管他从未在家庭之外表演过。
他的女儿梅丽莎(Melissa)觉得保存他的音乐是非常值得的，在她年轻的时候，她每晚都会听着他的音乐入睡。她考虑雇用一位专业钢琴家和她父亲一起工作。
娜奥米是梅丽莎最好的朋友，也是一位有才华的钢琴家，她知道了这一点，并表示愿意帮助梅丽莎。
“为什么这么做 ”史蒂夫很好奇。
“因为她在乎。”梅丽莎说。
史蒂夫眼里含着泪水点了点头。
娜奥米开车去古德温家。她告诉史蒂夫她想听他演奏。史蒂夫走到钢琴旁边，坐在长凳上，双手颤抖着，轻轻地把手指放在琴键上。
娜欧米把一个小录音机放在钢琴旁边，开始，停止和错误。长时间的停顿，感到沮丧。但史蒂夫继续努力，有生以来第一次为一个陌生人演奏。
“这是美丽。”娜奥米听了录音后说。“这音乐值得保存。”
她的责任，她的特权就是拯救它。史蒂夫·古德温(Steve Goodwin)还在演奏音乐。它被关在那些门快要上锁的房间里。
娜奥米和史蒂夫每隔一周见一次面，在一起待上几个小时。他会笨拙地在钢琴上移动手指，然后她会代替他的位置。他努力解释他在脑海中听到的东西。他闭着眼睛站在钢琴旁边，第一次听别人演奏他自己的作品。
史蒂夫和娜奥米用音乐代码、节拍、音程说话，从词根开始，以新的调子结束一首歌。史蒂夫听见了，听到了这一切。他就是不会弹。
和娜奥米的合作对史蒂夫来说发生了奇迹。这激发了他的信心，他相信自己能写出最后一首歌。有一天，娜欧米收到了一封电子邮件。附带的是一段录音，关于失去和爱，关于战斗的录音。史蒂夫称之为“忧郁之花”。
内奥米听到了几次停停，史蒂夫挣扎着寻找，他的妻子乔妮叫他“亲爱的”并鼓励他。任务如此艰巨，史蒂夫又生气又沮丧，说他要放弃了。乔妮称赞了他，告诉丈夫这可能是他的签名之作。
娜奥米设法找出了史蒂夫最喜欢的，也是最私人的16首歌曲。在娜奥米的帮助下，古德温一家找到了一名音响工程师，为娜奥米录制了史蒂夫的歌曲。乔妮认为这将是结束。但它不是。
在2016年俄勒冈州的圣诞音乐会之前的几个月里，娜奥米告诉导演她有一个特别的想法:“忧郁之花”
她告诉了导演她和史蒂夫的项目。导演同意把它加到播放列表中。但娜奥米得征得史蒂夫的同意。他认为这是一种荣誉。
音乐会结束后，娜奥米告诉家人，史蒂夫的音乐很美，很专业。它需要公开分享。
这家人在波特兰市中心租了一间从前的教堂，并安排了一场音乐会。截至演出当天，已有300多人表示将出席。
那时，史蒂夫很难记住一些朋友的名字。他知道他的人生道路正在走向何方。他告诉家人他很平静。
史蒂夫来了，坐在前排，家人围着他。屋里的灯光暗了下来。娜奥米上台了。她的手指。他的心。
3.（2018年高考 全国卷I卷 阅读理解 B篇）
Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role — showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.
In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s leant into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam,14, Finn,13, and Jack, 11.
"We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant," she explains. "I pay 5 for a portion (一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. "
The eight-part series(系列节自), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.
With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.
24）What do we know about Susanna Reid
A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests.
B. She has started a new programme.
C. She dislikes working early in the morning.
D. She has had a light budget for her family.
25）How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna
A. He buys cooking materials for her.
B. He prepares food for her kids.
C. He assists her in cooking matters.
D. He invites guest families for her.
26.）What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4
A. Summarize the previous paragraphs.
B. Provide some advice for the readers.
C. Add some background information.
D. Introduce a new topic for discussion.
27.）What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart B. Balancing Our Daily Diet
C. Making yourself a Perfect Chef D. Cooking Well for Less
【答案与解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一档英国电视节目，给观众介绍如何减少食物浪费以及如何以较少的预算做出美味佳肴
24）B 细节理解题 根据文章第一段Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role可初步判断主人公的个人身份是电视台host，她开辟了一个新的节目。所以，选B。
25）C 细节理解题 根据文章第二段中的In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day.可知，Susanna在厨师Matt Tebbutt的帮助下，提供如何减少食物浪费同时花费低于 5的一个家庭一整天的食谱。故选C。解题关键词：同义词表达with the help of和help。
26）C 写作意图题 根据文章第四段中的which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.可知，Save Money: Good Food节目是Save Money: Good Health节目之后，给观众一些建议：如何从市场上众多的健康产品中获取价值。也就是给这个节目补充背景信息，故选C。
27）D 主旨大意、标题归纳题 根据文章的整体内容可知，文章作者一直在讲如何用较少的钱做出好的食物。根据文章中的prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.（在资金紧张的情况下，准备可口、而且有营养的饭菜）；how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day. 如何减少食物浪费同时花费低于 5的一个家庭一整天的食谱；how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. 我们自己做这种食物有多便宜；less expensive but still tasty recipes.不贵但仍然可口的食谱。故D项Cooking Well for Less是最佳标题。
【温馨提示】
本篇文章学生感到比较难的是写作意图题，多数考生由于对文章的理解不到位而不知道作者在说什么，不明白作者的意图，感到很茫然。根据文章中的Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV's Save Money: Good Health,…可知作者是为读者介绍了Save Money这个节目是怎么来的，即是背景信息。
【文章大意】
每天早上。《早安英国》的Susanna Reid都会坐在沙发上向观众们问候。但是，在她的最新节目里，她开始教烹饪----教大家如何在家中准备既美味、营养有省钱的美食。
在Save Money: Good Food《教你如何既美味、又省钱》的节目中，Susanna Reid每周都会到不同的一个家庭，并且由大厨Matt Tebbutt向受访家庭传授减少食物浪费的小妙招。因此，可以在花费不到5英镑的情况下就能准备好一个家庭一整天的餐品。《早安英国》的主持人表示，她已经将很多的省钱小妙招用在了自己的家里，为她14岁的儿子Sam、13岁的Finn和11岁的Jack准备了餐品。
Susanna说：“我们一家人都很喜欢墨西哥小油条，所以我就通过电话在我家当地的墨西哥外卖餐厅买了一些，我自己买的话是5英镑一份，而Matt的妙招却让费用降低到了26便士，这是因为小油条的制作只需要面粉、水、糖和油。每个人都可以买外卖，但有时候我们并不知道如果自己做的话，价格就会便宜很多。”
除了共有八部分的系列节目Save Money: Good Food《教你如何既美味、又省钱》外，还有Save Money: Good Health《教你如何既保健、又省钱》的系列节目。该节目的主要内容是教观众们如何从市场中各种样式的保健品中省钱。
食物可谓是我们每周的最大家庭消费，Susanna和Matt每周都会到不同的一个家庭中，帮助这家人在既定预算下完成了一顿美味佳肴。在他们二人的帮助下，受访家庭做好了一顿既省钱又美味的节日长假晚餐。
4.（2020年高考 全国I卷 阅读理解B篇）
Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There’s a welcome familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.
The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It’s true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all about the present. It’s about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight.
There are three books I reread annually The first, which I take to reading every spring is Emest Hemningway’s A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的)，an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillard’s Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazar’s Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar.
While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifs, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, it’s you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.
24）Why does the author like rereading
A. It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.
B. It’s a window to a whole new world.
C. It’s a substitute for drinking with a friend.
D. It extends the understanding of oneself.
25）What do we know about the book A Moveable Feast
A. It’s a brief account of a trip.
B. It’s about Hemingway’s life as a young man.
C. It’s a record of a historic event.
D. It’s about Hemingway’s friends in Paris.
26）What does the underlined word “currency” in paragraph 4 refer to
A. Debt B. Reward. C Allowance. D. Face value.
27）What can we infer about the author from the text
A. He loves poetry. B. He’s an editor.
C. He’s very ambitious. D. He teaches reading.
【答案与解析】
24）D 推理判断题 根据文章第一段最后一句“But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.”和第二段中间部分“It’s true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all about the present. It’s about the now and what one contributes to the now, …… ”可知，年龄越大，越感觉时光飞逝，重读却可以让我们留在当下，并且理解自己对现在所起的作用。所以说，重读拓展了我们对自己的理解，所以，选D。
25）B 细节理解题与推理判断 根据题干的关键词A Movable Feast定位到第三段，并由该词往下看，是这本书的介绍。从“Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的)，an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time.”得知，这是他关于20世纪20年代在巴黎的经典回忆录，是他老年时对那些野心勃勃却更简单的日子的回顾。由此细节可推断出这本书是：这是一本描述海明威年轻时候在巴黎生活的回忆录。所以，选B。
26）B 词义猜测题 根据划线单词所在的语境，“…while money is indeed wonderful and necessary（虽然金钱确实是个必不可少的好东西）”，让步状语从句，引入后文主要意思，“rereading an author’s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them.”（但是重新阅读作品是读者能够给与作者的最高的报酬。将重读作品和金钱做类比，对作者的价值比金钱更重要。所以，选B。
27）A 推理判断题 根据第三段“The third book is Julio Cortázar’s Save Twilight: selected poems, because poetry.（《拯救暮光之城：诗歌精选》，因为诗歌）”可知，作者是由于喜欢诗歌而喜欢这本书。所以，选A。
注意：考生容易将此题干混为主旨大意题。题干：What can we infer about the author from the text（我们能从课文中推断出有关作者的什么情况） 考生需注意：虽然主旨大意题的题干中常会出现the passage，the text这类的词，但是，主旨大意题是针对全文的中心思想进行的题问，而此题干结合选项（A. He loves poetry. B. He’s an editor. C. He’s very ambitious. D. He teaches reading.）可知：题干是对作者的情况进行得提问（他喜欢诗歌；他是一名编辑；他很有野心；他教阅读）。所以，解答此题只需要通过第三段最后两句（The third book is Julio Cortazar’s Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar.）即可得到正确答案。
【原文大意】
重读一本你读过多次的书，感觉就像和老朋友一起喝酒一样。这是一种令人愉快的熟悉感，但有时也会有点轻微的怀疑，时间已经改变了人与书，也改变了彼此的关系。但是书不会变，会变的是人。这就是重读的过程如此丰富并具有变革性的原因。
重读作品的美妙之处在于某种观念，我们与作品的联系是建立在我们当前的心理状态上的。的的确确，随着我年龄的增长，我越觉得时间就像长了翅膀一样飞逝。但对于阅读来说，一切都在当下。它是关于现在和一个人对现在的贡献，因为阅读是作者和读者之间的交换。每一方都要尽力而为。
有三本书我每年都会重读的。第一本是我每年春天都会读的书是埃姆斯特·海明威（Emest Hemningway）的《流动的盛宴》。这本书出版于1964年，是他关于20世纪20年代巴黎的经典回忆录。书中的语言让人陶醉，一位上了年纪的作家回顾了那个雄心勃勃而又简单的时代。另一本是安妮·迪拉德（Annie Dillard)）1975年出版的《神圣的事务所》(Holy the Firm)，这本书充满诗意地漫谈着一切与虚无。第三本书是胡里奥·科塔萨尔（Julio Cortazar）的《拯救 黄昏》，因为是诗选，因为是科塔萨尔。
虽然我倾向于买很多书，但这三本书是作为礼物送给我的，这可能会增加我赋予它们的意义。但我想，虽然金钱确实是美好和必要的，重读作者的作品是读者能支付给他们的最高货币。最好的书是那些随着时间的推移翻开得更远的书。但是请记住，是你自己在成长，阅读，重读，以便更好地理解你的朋友。
5.（2020年高考 全国I卷 阅读理解 D篇 节选）
The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source (电源)-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission (传输).
32）What is the first paragraph mainly about
A. A new study of different plants
B. A big fall in crime rates.
C. Employees from various workplaces
D. Benefits from green plants.
35）Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Can we grow more glowing plants
B. How do we live with glowing plants
C. Could glowing plants replace lamps
D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free
【答案与解析】
32）D 主旨大意题 根据Recent studies have found positive effects ... experienced less crime,...15% more productive可判断出：本段主要通过列举两项科学研究来说明绿色植物对人的益处。
35）C 主旨大意题 通读全文可知，文章重点介绍了麻省理工学院对植物照明的研发,用设问的方式给出标题“发光植物能替代灯吗 ”
6.（2020年高考 新高考I卷 阅读理解D篇 节选）
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
12）What is the recent study mainly about
A. Food safety. C. Consumer demand.
B. Movie viewership. D. Eating behavior.
【答案与解析】
12） D 主旨大意题 文章第一段第一句提到：根据《消费者研究杂志》最近的一项研究，我们就餐时，同伴的体型和饮食习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。再结合下文内容可知，这项研究是有关饮食行为的。所以，选D。
7.（2020年高考 哈工大附中 阅读理解专项测试）
Why do some people flush when they drink alcohol This effect is a common reaction to alcohol among East Asians. It affects about 36 percent of Japanese，Chinese and Koreans.
For many，even a small amount of alcohol can cause unpleasant effects. Most commonly，their face，neck and sometimes their whole body turn red. People might also feel uncomfortable and sick to their stomach. They might experience a burning sensation(感觉)，increased heart rate，shortness of breath and headaches.
The cause is a genetic difference that they are born with called an ALDH2 deficiency(缺乏)．It prevents their bodies from treating alcohol the way other people do. But the effects might be more serious than just a red face. Researchers warn of a link between this condition and an increased risk of cancer of the esophagus(食道)from drinking alcohol.
The more alcohol people with this deficiency drink，the greater their risk is. In Japan and South Korea，for example，many people have the deficiency but still drink heavily. Researchers have found that these drinkers develop a form of esophageal cancer six to ten times more often than those without the deficiency.
Esophageal cancer is one of the deadliest cancers. It can be treated when found early，but once it grows the chances of survival drop sharply. The researchers estimate that at least five hundred forty million people have the deficiency，about eight percent of the world's population.
Philip Brooks is a researcher at the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism in the United States. He says it is important to educate people about the link between the alcohol flushing effect and esophageal cancer. He says doctors should ask East Asian patients about their experiences with facial flushing after drinking alcohol. Those with a history of it should be advised to limit their alcohol use. They should also be warned that cigarette smoking works with the alcohol in a way that further increases the risk of esophageal cancer.
1）The underlined word “flush” in Paragraph 1 probably means “________”．
A. walk unsteadily B. turn red in the face
C. appear unpleasant D. talk more than usual
2）The second paragraph is mainly about________．
A. the cause of the effects of alcohol
B. Asians and alcohol
C. he advantages of drinking alcohol
D. unpleasant effects caused by alcohol
3）Esophageal cancer is considered one of the deadliest cancers in that________．
A. it can't be treated at all
B. it is not easy to be discovered early
C. it is hard to cure once it has developed
D. people are addicted to alcohol
4）We can infer from the passage that ________．
A. only some East Asians have the ALDH2 deficiency
B. about 36 percent of Japanese，Chinese and Koreans are heavy drinkers
C. unpleasant effects occur only when people with this deficiency drink a lot
D. the ALDH2 deficiency may be passed on from generation to generation
【答案与解析】
文章大意：这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了喝酒会引起脸红的原因及这种酒精引起的脸红效应与食道癌之间的关系等内容。
1）B 词义猜测题 根据第二段中的“Most commonly，their face，neck and sometimes their whole body turn red.”可知，他们的脸、脖子，有时候整个身体都会变红。由此可知flush的意思应是“脸红，发红”。所以，选B。
2）D 主旨大意题 根据第二段“For many，even a small amount of alcohol can cause unpleasant effects ...shortness of breath and headaches.”可知，本段主要讲的是酒的不良效应。所以，选D。
3）C 细节理解题 根据第五段中的“It can be treated when found early，but once it grows the chances of survival drop sharply.”可知，如果在早期被发现的话，食道癌是可以被治愈的，但是，一旦癌细胞扩散了，幸存的可能性就会大幅度降低，即食道癌就很难被治愈了。所以，选C。
4）D 推理判断题 根据第三段中的“The cause is a genetic difference that they are born with called an ALDH2 deficiency(缺乏)”可知，ALDH2缺乏是与生俱来的，是一种基因上的差异，因此它有可能是会遗传的。所以，选D。
8.（2020年高考 哈工大附中 阅读理解专项测试）
For 150 million years during the age of the dinosaurs, a group of dolphin like reptiles called ichthyosaurs ruled the ocean—until everything started to go wrong.
After multiplying into about 100 known species，ichthyosaurs began to disappear from the oceans around the middle of the Cretaceous period, a time of turbulent (混乱的) changes in the environment. The aquatic (水产的) reptiles went extinct 28 million years before the rest of their dinosaur cohort.
Scientists have been unable to find a singular cataclysmic event, such as a volcanic eruption or meteorite strike, that could explain ichthyosaurs' abrupt disappearance from the fossil record.
Now researchers have new explanation for the lizard fish's demise: They had lost their ability to adapt to a swiftly changing climate.
The aquatic lizards thrived throughout the early years of the dinosaurs in the Permian, Triassic and Jurassic periods. Then came the Cretaceous.
That was a turbulent time to live on Earth. The poles were nearly ice free，causing sea levels to reach great heights. Temperatures were among the hottest the planet has seen in the last 250 million years.
Scientists have blamed the demise of the ichthyosaurs on their inability to keep up with other predators or the loss of key prey species. But a new study by Valentin Fischer, a paleontologist who studies ichthyosaurs at the University of Liege in Belgium, and his colleagues says neither of these explanations could account for the scale and speed of the die off.
Writing in the journal Nature Communications, Fischer and his colleagues argue that the unstable climate contributed to the disappearance of ichthyosaurs during a 5-million to 6-million-year window in the Cretaceous known as the Cenomanian stage.
While the rising temperatures and higher seas wouldn't have had a direct effect on the ichthyosaurs, they could have played an indirect role in their decline, Fischer said. The changing climate could have made their food more scarce, or disrupted migratory routes and birthing places, among other consequences.
Despite their variety of body shapes and survival strategies, ichthyosaurs were unable to keep up with all of these changes, the study authors wrote.
They reached this conclusion by comparing the geological record of the Cretaceous to a newly reconstructed history of ichthyosaur evolution based on museum specimens (样品) and a review of information in previously published studies.
What became clear was the ichthyosaurs' extinction coincided with global climate shifts and the animals' slower rate of evolution, which left them unable to adapt as their environment changed，the study found.
“They were probably very well adapted to their niches，and their environments were probably pretty stable,” Fischer said, “That could have lowered the pressure of natural selection and thus lowered their rates of evolution.”
Think of the Cenomanian stage as a transition period.
1）The underlined word “That” in Paragraph 6 refers to the period of ________．
A. Permian　　 B. Triassic C. Jurassic D. Cretaceous
2）Fischer and his colleagues came to their conclusion by ________．
A. making comparisons B. conducting experiments
C. analyzing samples D. observing weather changes
3）Which of the following sentences can be used to conclude the last but one paragraph
A. No pains, no gains.
B. No man is wise at all times.
C. A bad beginning makes a bad ending.
D. Born in misery and die of happiness.
4）What might be the best title for the passage
A. A new research focused on the history of ichthyosaur evolution
B. A swift climate change followed the disappearance of ichthyosaurs
C. Climate change taught ancient ichthyosaurs a lesson: Adapt or die
D. Ichthyosaurs ruled the ocean for 150 million years before disappearing
【答案与解析】
文章大意：鱼龙是与恐龙同时代的物种。在进化成大约100种已知物种后，鱼龙大约在白垩纪时从海洋中消失了。最新的研究表明，鱼龙的灭绝是因为它们无法适应迅速变化的气候。
1）D 推理判断题 根据第二段的the middle of the Cretaceous period，a time of turbulent(混乱的) changes in the environment和第五段可知，白垩纪是生活在地球上的动荡时期。项D符合题意。所以，选D。
2）A 细节理解题 根据倒数第四段可知，费希尔和他的同事是通过比较的方式得出结论的，选项A符合题意。 所以，选A。
3）D 推理判断题 根据倒数第二段可知，虽然鱼龙因为充分适应了自己的小生态环境而减少了自然选择的压力，但是这却降低了它们进化的速度，最终导致它们因为无法适应整个地球的大环境而在自己安逸的小环境中灭绝。故选项D符合题意。born in misery and die of happiness意为“生于忧患，死于安乐”；no pains，no gains意为“一分耕耘，一分收获”；no man is wise at all times意为“聪明一世，糊涂一时；智者千虑，必有一失”；a bad beginning makes a bad ending意为“不善始者不善终，恶其始者必恶其终”。所以，选D。
4）C 主旨大意题 综合全文可知，全文主要讲述了最新的研究表明，鱼龙的灭绝是因为它们无法适应迅速变化的气候。所以，选项C符合题意。
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