中考英语一轮复习第八课时非谓语动词 课件(共70张PPT)

(共70张PPT)
2021中考一轮复习英语课
主讲人：颜老师
第八课时非谓语动词总复习
目 录
CONTENTS
随堂练习
语法专项讲解与练习
中考考点分析
01
02
03
01
上节课内容复习
blow away 吹走
get away 逃离
give away 赠送;捐赠;分发
pass away 去世
put away 储存;放好
sweep away 打扫;清除
take away 带走;拿走
throw away 扔掉
stay away from 离开;不接近
away 短语
in短语
check in 报到，登记
believe in 信任;信赖
hand in 交上;提交;呈送
join in 参加;加入
live in 住在
succeed in 在…成功
take in 吸收;吸纳(成员)
take part in 参加
take pride in 对……感到自豪
on短语
concentrate on 全神贯注于
decide on 决定;选定
depend on/upon 依靠
feed on 以……为食
fix on 集中于
hold on 等一等(别挂电话)
keep on 继续(进行)
live on 靠…为生
pass on 传递
put on 穿上;上演
try on 试穿;试验
work on 从事;忙于
动词时态
将来时的4种结构
现在时代替将来时的情况
现在完成时中be gone to/ be been to / be been in
现在完成时非延续性动词变延续动词
一般过去时和现在完成时的区别
被动语态
1.被动语态的时态
2. 主动表被动的动词
3. 被动表主动的动词
02
中考考点分析与语法专项
非谓语动词
沈阳6年2考
动词不定式
沈阳 2020. 49
动名词
沈阳 2019. 48
可作成分：常作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语。
常接不定式作宾语(v. + to do sth.) 的词: agree, decide等。
常接不定式作宾语(v. + sb.+ to do sth.)的词：advise, allow等。
用法
常见句型
疑问词+不定式：what/ how等+ to do, 构成不定式短语
使用动词不定式的主要句型。
可作成分：常作主语、表语、宾语、定语。
常接动名词的词：avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, imagine, keep, mind, suggest等
既可接动名词也可接不定式的词：stop, forget, mean, need, remember, regret等。
非谓语动词
谓语动词
非谓语动词
非谓语动词的概念
谓语动词就是能在句子中作谓语的动词（独立做谓语，或者构成复合谓语皆可）
谓语动词就是不能在句子中作谓语，充当谓语以外句子成分的动词形式。
非谓语动词
动词不定式 to do
动名词 doing
现在分词doing
分词
过去分词done
非谓语动词的特点：
1. 由动词构成
2. 在句子中不做谓语
废
话
基本形式：to+动词原形 （有时可以不带to ） 。
●动词不定式没有人称和数的变化
●在句子中不能作谓语
●但可以担任除谓语外的任何成分——主语、表语、宾语、状语和宾语补足语。
动词不定式
基本形式：to+动词原形
各种形式: 主动 被动
一般式 ___________ ______________
进行式 ___________ ______________
完成式 ____________ ______________
完成进行式 ___________ ______________
to be done
to be doing
to have done
to have been doing
to do
to have been done
(未发生)
(正进行)
(已发生)
(过去已开始,还在进行)
动词不定式的各种形式
动词不定式的句法功能
一：作主语
To learn English well is not easy.
但是，为了避免头重脚轻，常用“ it ”作形式主语，吧真正的主语（动词不定式短语）放到后面。
It is not easy to learn English well.
It is + adj.+ of sb.+ to do sth.
与 of 连用的形容词常常用来形容“人”：
good, kind , nice , wise ,clever , foolish , right , wrong , careful , careless , polite , possible
It’s very kind of you to help me. 你能帮我，真好。 It’s clever of you to work out the maths problem. 你真聪明，解出了这道数学题。
It is + adj.+ for sb.+ to do sth.
与 for 连用的形容词常常用来形容“物”：difficult，easy，hard，important，dangerous，（im）possible等。
It’s very dangerous for children to cross the busy street.
对孩子们来说，穿过繁忙的街道很危险。
It’s difficult for us to finish the work. 对我们来说，完成这项工作很困难。
常考点注意：
动词不定式的句法功能
二：作表语
动词不定式（短语）常用于系动词be的后面作表语。
His work is to drive a car.
My job is to feed animals.
动词不定式的句法功能
三：作宾语
动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面作宾语。
这些动词很关键！
在一些动词的后面，只允许接不定式作宾语：
【巧学妙记】只能跟不定式作宾语的动词
决心学会有希望 ( decide, determine, learn, wish, hope）,
同意计划莫假装 (agree, plan, pretend),
胆敢拒绝会失败（dare, refuse, fail）,
准备设法来帮忙 (prepare, try, manage, help),
提供请求负担起 (offer, beg, demand, afford),
答应安排理应当（promise, arrange, be supposed）,
以上后跟不定式，劝君牢记永不忘。
后面只能接不定式作宾语的动词有：
四：不定式作宾语补足语
1）不可省略to的：
2）可省略to的：
3）可以省可以不省的：
（1）动词后的宾补，不可以省略不定式符号to的：
tell / ask / want / would like / wish / like / invite / encourage / teach + sb. to do sth.
I want you to go now.
His parents wish her to be a teacher.
（2） 动词后的宾补，需要省略不定式符号to的动词：
一感 feel
二听 hear，listen to
三使 make，let，have
The boy made the baby cry.
四看 notice，observe，see，watch I saw him play football on the playground yesterday.
# 注意：变为被动语态时，不定式短语从宾语补足语变为主语补足语，to还要重现到动词原形前。
例：The boy made the baby cry. (主动语态省略to)
The baby was made to cry by the boy. (被动语态：宾补变主补，to 要加回来)
特殊短语：
would rather + do
had better + do
（ 3 ） .作宾补时，省略不定式符号to或不省略均可的动词：
help sb. to do sth. & help sb. do sth.
例：I often help my mother (to) do housework.
the food to live ______
the pen to write _____
the room to live ____
the knife to cut _____
on
with
in
with
五：不定式作定语
不定式作定语的基本条件
不定式与它所修饰的名词在逻
辑上必须具备以下条件之一：
1. 主谓关系
2. 动（介）宾关系
3. 说明所修饰词的内容
多为抽象名词或序数词
分析下列句子
He has a lot of work to do.
He is the right person to do it.
It’s the best way to learn English.
主谓
动宾
说明内容
表原因（原因状语）：
I’m sorry to trouble you.
2.表目的（目的状语）：
I went to the library to learn English.
五：不定式作状语
动词不定式
表将来
表目的
表某一次具体的动作
表示将来：
I have a lot of work to do.
2.表示某一次具体的动作：
I like dancing, but I don’t like to dance today.
3. 表示目的：
To learn English well, you must practise more.
先看几个例句，判断不定式在句中的成分。
1．To learn a foreign language is difficult .
2． His wish is to be a driver .
3．Tom wanted to have a cup of beer .
4．The teacher told us to do morning exercises .
5．I have nothing to say .
6．They went to see their aunt .
7．It’s easy to see their aunt.
8．I don’t know what to do next .
9．I heard them make a noise .
1． “to” 是不定式符号还是介词，下列短语中的to 都是介词。
agree to，object to，close to , come to , lead to , refer to ,equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , next to , belong to ,
be(get) used to 习惯于,
look forward to 渴望,期盼
pay attention to 注意,
get down to 开始认真(做某事),
devote oneself to 献身于
2． 带to 还是不带to
I have no choice but to give in.
I cannot do anything but give in.
I saw him enter the classroom .
（ 但是： He was seen to enter the classroom .）
不定式的常考点：
but作介词，除了
当主句中存在do动词的任何形式时，介词but后to 省去。
3、不定式的否定形式：not to do sth. 　
例如：Tell him ___ the window.　
A. to shut not　 B. not to shut　 C. to not shut 　 D. not shut　
答案：B. tell sb to do sth 的否定形式为tell sb not to do sth.
4、动词不定式与疑问词连用：疑问代词who, what, which和疑问副词 when, where, how , why等后面可以按动词不定式，构成动词不定式短语，可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。
例如：
(1) He doesn’t know how to use the machine. (不定式作宾语)
(2) How to use the machine is a question. (不定式作主语)
(3) The question is when to go there. (不定式作表语)
不定式的常考点：
5、不定式的特殊句型：
1）too…to…：太…而不能…
He is too excited to speak.
2）enough to do：足以做 …
The child is old enough to go to school.
3） " Why not +动词原形"表达向某人提出建议，翻译为："为什么不…… "
Why not take a holiday
4）so as (not) to do: 表示目的
Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.
不定式的常考点：
动名词
动词的-ing形式用作动名词：
● 由动词原形加-ing构成
● 它在句中起名词的作用
● 可以在句子中用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补语、状语和定语。
动 名 词
动名词的特点：
① 抽象
② 习惯性
His hobby is painting.
I’m proud of being a Chinese.
习惯
抽象
Learning English is very difficult .
学英语非常困难。
His job is driving a bus .
他的工作是开车。
I enjoy dancing .
我喜欢跳舞。
I have got used to living in the country .
我已经习惯了住农村。
Take some sleeping tablets , and you will soon fall asleep .
吃点安眠药，你很快就会入睡。
主 动 被 动
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
语态
时态
动名词的时态和语态
1）动名词作主语
Walking is good exercise. 走路是很好的运动。
2）动名词作表语
My favorite sport is swimming. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。
动名词的句法功能（4点）
3） 动名词作宾语
Jim dislikes eating chocolate.
She can’t help crying at a sad movie.
[说明] 有些动词和动词短语后只能接动名词作宾语。
例如：admit, finish, forgive, give up, mind, practise, be good at, do well in, can't help, keep on, feel like, be used to, look forward to, prefer to,等。
动名词的句法功能
有些动词只能接动名词作宾语,（动宾）
如: appreciate, avoid, consider (考虑), enjoy, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practice, suggest (建议)……
还有些短语动词以一介词结尾,也只能接动名词作宾语(尤其是介词to易出错):（介宾）
如:depend on…, insist on…, feel like…, be used to (习惯于)…, look forward to…, devote to…, pay attention to...
动名词的句法功能
有些动词只能接动名词作宾语 ( 31个)：
放弃享受可原谅 give up，enjoy，excuse/ pardon / forgive
保持练习必完成 keep，practice，finish
鼓励建议要考虑 encourage，advise/ suggest，consider
承认想象的感觉 admit，imagine，feel
错过后悔要介意 miss，regret，mind
不由自主去承受 can’t help，stand
理解冒险可避免 understand，risk，avoid
开始着手要注意 get down to，pay attention to
逃跑还要习惯于 escape，be (get) used to
还有：
be good at 擅长
do well in 在……某方面干得好
keep on 继续做某事
feel like 想做(某事)
look forward to 盼望，期待，预期
4） 动名词作定语
She is in the reading room. (阅览室)
We should improve our teaching methods. (教学方法)
动名词的句法功能
1．It’s no use talking with him ：
It’s no good speaking to them like that .
2．There’s some difficulty ( in ) doing …
在此句型中,difficulty 可以由以下单词替换:
trouble , problem , fun , pleasure , a good time , a hard time
动名词的常用句型
1．下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义相同的，
begin to do begin doing
start to do start doing
continue to do continue doing
动名词的常考点
2．下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别，
forget to do … 忘记要做某事
forget doing… 忘记做了某事
remember to do…记住要做某事
remember doing …记着做了某事
mean to do … 打算/ 想要做某事
mean doing … 意味着做了某事
regret to do … 对要做的事表示后悔
regret doing … 对做过去的事后悔
can’t help to do…不能帮助做某事
can’t help doing … 情不自禁做某事
try to do … 尽力去做某事
try doing 试着做某事
learn to do … 学着去做某事
learn doing … 学会做某事
stop to do … 停下来去做（另一件事）
stop doing … 停止做某事
go on to do … 接着做（另外一件事）
go on doing … 继续做某事
used to do … 过去做某事
be （get）used to doing … 习惯做某事
3． 动名词的逻辑主语：
动名词的逻辑主语为代词或名词的所有格形式。
例如：His coming made us very happy .
4． 动名词主动形式表被动的情况：
need doing , want doing , require doing
例如： This room needs painting . 这个房间需要粉刷。
还记得吗？实义动词 Need：
1. need to do sth. 需要做某事
I need to do my homework. 我需要做我的作业。
2. need doing sth. 需要（被）做某事
The flower needs watering. 花需要（被）浇水。
1 The story is interesting . I’m interested in it .
这个故事有兴趣，我对这个故事感兴趣。
2 . This is a moving film .
这是一部动人的电影。
3. The secretary worked late into the night , preparing a long speech for the president .
秘书工作到深夜，为主席准备一篇长篇演讲稿。
4. Given more time , I’ll do it well .
如果给我多一点时间，我会做的更好。
When he passed the back of the street , he saw the thief stealing some money from the bank .
当他后街时，看到小偷正从银行偷钱。
Participle
分词
● 由动词原形加-ing构成现在分词
● 动词过去分词
● 可以在句子中用作定语、状语、表语、和宾语补足语。
1）分词作定语
The swimming boy is Tom. (主动)
Look at the broken glass. (被动)
2）分词作状语
3）分词作表语
The film is disappointing. (特征，性质)
The boy was too frightened to move. (状态)
分词的句法功能（4点）
4）分词作补语（主补，宾补）
Do not keep us waiting for a
long time. (主动关系)
He’ll have his hair cut after
school. (被动关系)
分词的句法功能（4点）
主 动 被 动
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
语态
时态
现在分词的时态和语态
过去分词的时态和语态
过去分词无人称和数的变化,
也没有时态和语态的变化。
(done)
被动、完成、
感到……的
主动、进行、
令人……的
done
doing
现在分词与过去分词区别
The swimming boy is Tom.
(主动、进行）
the room facing south
（主动）
The film is disappointing.
（令人……的)
I have a radio made in China.
（被动）
Look at the broken glass.
（被动、完成）
The excited people shouted
and cheered.
（感到……的）
1．现在分词与过去分词的区别
Do you know the woman talking to Tom
= Do you know the woman who is talking to Tom
The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.
= The soldier who was wounded in the war has become a doctor.
China is a developing country and America is a developed country.
3．现在分词、动名词 现在进行时的区别
The situation in our country is encouraging . (表语)
The situation in our country is encouraging the people . ( 现在进行时)
My job is looking after the little baby . (动名词)
1.动名词和现在分词都是从动词转化过来的，都拥有动词的含义。
①动名词doing强调名词含义“做什么这件事”，无进行之意，返程已成：做了，经常做，用来做。
②现在分词doing强调动作：
表主动含义，无进行之意
表进行含义，“正在做”
形容词化翻译成“令人…的”
动名词与现在分词的区别主要是：
1. 动名词充当主语，宾语，和同位语。现在分词充当状语和补语。两者都可以做定语，但是意义不同。
作定语时，动名词说明被修饰的名词的用途；现在分词说明名词的动作，即它和名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。
a sleeping car=a car used for sleeping 一节卧车车厢，即一个用于睡觉的车 （sleeping为动名词表用途 ）
a sleeping child=a child who is sleeping 一个睡着的孩子，即一个正在睡觉的孩子 （sleeping为现在分词表正在进行的动作 ）
2.动名词具有名词的性质。现在分词则没有。
①动名词和名词一样有a, the, my, this, Tom’s, the, some, much, a lot of等词语修饰：
I usually do some cleaning on Sunday.
Do you do much fishing
He showed me a picture of his own painting.
A knocking at the door was heard.
现在分词在句子中所为成分

作定语，表示正在进行的或主动的动作。也可以说明被修饰词的性质和特征，此时可换成相应的定语从句，相当于形容词。
There are many people swimming in the pool. 在池子里有很多人在游泳。
He saw a flying bird.他看到一个飞翔着的鸟。

作表语
相当于形容词。这类词常见的有：
interesting 使人感到高兴 — interested感到高兴的
exciting令人激动的— excited感到激动的
delighting令人高兴的— delighted感到高兴的
作补语
两类动词可以加现在分词作宾补：
1）感官动词：see　hear　watch　feel　notice　observe　keep　find　listen to　look at
2）使役动词：have　get　catch　leave　set
I saw him singing now.我看到他现在正在唱歌。
Don't have the students studying all day.
不要让学生们整天学习。

作状语
作时间、条件、原因、让步状语时要位于句首，相当于一个状语从句。
现在分词的时态和语态：
Having been to the Great Wall
many times, he didn’t go
there yesterday.
分词的动作发生在谓语动词
的动作之前
Not having received his
father’s letter, he decided to
make a call to him.
因为没收到他父亲的来信，
他决定给他打个电话。
The building being built is
our new library.
Not having been finished,
the book can’t be returned
at present.
注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性。
①时间性。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般时，如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式having done。
②语态性。与句子的主语之间的关系，是主谓关系或动宾关系。
③人称一致性。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。
非谓语动词中考真题练习
1. (2020年 沈阳) Then he decided 49 （study） hard. Finally, he became one of the greatest poets in China.
2. (2019年 沈阳) You can see that many scientists are good at 48（play）musical instruments: Einstein played the violin，and German physicist Max Planck played the piano wonderfully.
to study
playing
03
随堂练习
CLASS IS OVER
SEE YOU!