2022届高考英语二轮复习：完形填空解题技巧课件（40张）
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| 名称 | 2022届高考英语二轮复习：完形填空解题技巧课件（40张） |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 2.5MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-04-02 23:42:09 | ||
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(共40张PPT)
二轮复习专题
高考英语完形填空的解题技巧
Cloze Test
语法结构
词汇题
篇章结构
高考完形
填空考什么？
1.根据并列关系解答完形填空
2.根据语义复现解答完形填空
3.利用前后搭配解答完形填空
4.利用逻辑推理解答完形填空题
高考英语完形填空解题四种技能
高考英语完形填空解题技能实战演练（1）
根据并列关系解答完形填空题
因果关系、
同类关系
相对关系等
并列，就是指由and 或or连接的并列成分
类属关系
[例1] These tell the story of a mother whose baby grows 23 and pale and has changed so much that it is almost unrecognizable to the parents.
23. A. sick B. slim C. short D. small
因果关系
[解析] 选项中 只有sick才与pale 有相关性(因果关系)，即因为“生病”，所以脸色才会“苍白”，故选A。
[例2]Edgar Allan Poe, whose life was short and seemingly unhappy, wrote stories and poems of mystery and 22 insanity(疯狂) and death.
22. A. happiness B. science
C. society D. terror
同类关系
[解析]因为只有terror(恐怖)才与mystery(神秘)、insanity(疯狂)和death(死亡)是表示同类意义的名词，而不可能是与“happiness(幸福)”“science(科学)”或“society(社会)”并列，故选D。
[例3]Edgar Allan Poe is also remembered as the father of modern detective fiction, stories of an investigator who has to solve murders and other 27
27. A. accidents B. crimes
C. events D. incidents
类属关系
[解析]因为“murder(凶杀)”是各种“crimes(犯罪)”行为中的一种，所以与“murder(凶杀)”并列应是“其他各种犯罪行为”，故选B。
[例4] When Christ was born nearly two thousand years ago, many people, rich and _______, gave him presents.
A. ill B. healthy C. poor D. tall
相对关系
[解析]因为由句意可知，应当是指“耶稣出生时，许多人，无论贫富，都给他礼物”，故选择与rich相对意义的poor，即选C。
Nobel was upset to find out not that he had died, but that, when his time was up, he would be thought of only as one who profited from _____and destruction.
A. death B. disease C. trouble D. attack
1. A。与destruction (毁灭)并列应当是death(死亡)，故选A。
小试牛刀
2. The poverty(贫困) was worse than anything my young companions had ever imagined. Back in the hotel, an air of sadness settled over the group. Many ________and cried.
gave up B. broke down
C. set off D. held on
2. B。与cried(哭)并列应当是break down(情绪失控)，故选B。
3. Music is nice, people seem to say, but not important… This view is shortsighted. In fact, music education is ________ and important for all students.
A. beneficial B. available
C. expensive D. powerful
3. A。与important(重要的)并列，且符合语境的，应当是beneficial(有益的)，句意为：“音乐教育对所有学生来说，是有益的，也是重要的。”
高考英语完形填空解题技能实战演练（2）
根据语义复现解答完形填空题
同词复现
同义复现
结构复现
语义复现
[例1] Tales of the supernatural are common in all parts of Britain. In particular, there was (and perhaps still is) a belief in fairies(仙女). Not all of these 21 are the friendly, people-loving characters that appear in Disney films, and …
A. babies B. believers
C. fairies D. supermen
一、同词复现
[解析]前句说是人们“相信有仙女”，后句“并非所有这些_ 是友好的”，承前逻辑，空格处应填“仙女”了，故选C。
[例2] There were many ways to prevent this from happening: hanging a knife over the baby’s head while he slept or covering him with some of his father’s clothes were just two of the recommended 27 .
A. cases B. tools C. steps D. methods
二、同义复现
[解析]前句说“避免这类的事发生有许多方法(ways)”，冒号后的解释，“在小孩睡觉时在其头上悬挂一把刀，或者用其父亲的裤子盖着他，就是其中值得推荐的两种________”，承前逻辑，自然是其中的两种“方法”，与ways同义的是methods，故选D。
[例3] Alfred Nobel became a millionaire and changed the ways of mining, construction, and warfare as the inventor of dynamite (炸药) . …“Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became 23 by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.” A. famous B. sick C. rich D. popular
三、结构复现
[解析] Alfred Nobel引导定语从句的who指代的就是Alfred Nobel，两句是相似的,且两句的后部分的内容各为“发明了炸药”与“找到了更快的杀人方式”，可以想象，两者的意义何等接近！可见，与“变成百万富翁”对应的应当是“变成富裕”，故选C。
Everyone started to _55__ their hands. Suzy Khan gave them a shy smile and the applause was deafening. I knew then Suzy was going to be all right.
A.clap B.wave C.raise D.shake
小试牛刀
由后面的applause(掌声)可知此处表示“大家开始鼓掌”。clap one's hands鼓掌。故选B。
2. When he arrived at his father’s house, he was told that his father had been in hospital for a week. He was about to leave for (去；前往) the ______when he saw…
A. city B. hospital
C. factory D. university
2. B。前面说“当他回到父亲家时，初告知他父亲已住院一周了”，承前逻辑，他应是“去医院”，故选B。
利用前后搭配解答完形填空题
高考英语完形填空解题技能实战演练（3）
在解答完形填空时，充分考虑这些搭配关系，有助于我们作出正确选择。
动词与介词的搭配
动词与其宾语的搭配
句式结构上的搭配和
习语搭配等
所谓前后搭配
根据动词与其后介词的搭配关系来选择一个恰当的动词。
[例1] On April 12, 1888, Alfred’s brother Ludwig died of heart attack. A major French newspaper ___ his brother for him and…
A. found B. misunderstood
C. mistook D. judged
一、动介搭配
[解析]能与“A for B”搭配的在四个选项中只有选项C, mistake X for Y 意为“误以为X是Y”,故选C。
根据动词与其宾语是否可以搭配、在意义上是否符合逻辑或常识来确定选用哪个动词。
[例2] Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to ___ the Nobel Prizes, which would be awarded to people who…
A. establish B. form C. develop D. promote
[解析]在不定式短语中，宾语是“诺贝尔奖”，动词该用哪一个？设立？形成？发展？促进？根据常识，能与“奖项”搭配的，在这四个选项中只有“设立”，故选A。
二、动宾搭配
根据句式或句型的搭配来确定填哪一个词。
[例3] The book tells us of useful skills such as how to put what you have learned into pictures of your mind to your memory better.
A. make B. turn C. 1et D. change
三、句式搭配
[解析]在四个选项中，能接“宾语+形容词作宾补”的只有选面A，make your memory better意为“使你的记忆力变得更好”，故选A。
根据习惯用语的固定搭配来确定正确选项。
[例4] Intellectual property (IP) (知识产权) is a product of the mind that has commercial value. The concept ___ back to 1623 when the first patent law to protect IP rights was passed.
A. holds B. dates C. sets D. turns
[解析] date back to是惯用短语，意为“追溯到”，故选B。
四、习语搭配
[例5] Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to establish the Nobel Prizes, which would be awarded to people who made great _______ to the causes of peace, literature, and the sciences.
A. additions B. sacrifices
C. changes D. contributions
[解析] 四个选项都可构成习语搭配:
make additions to 给……增加
make sacrifices to 对……做出牺牲
make changes to对……作修改
make contributions to 对……作贡献
但根据句意和常识，奖项应当奖给那些为和平、文学和科学“作出贡献”的人，故选D。
1. Dance can be art, ritual(仪式；礼制), or recreation（娱乐）. It goes beyond the functional purposes of the movement used in work or athletics in order to express emotions, moods, or ideas; tell a story; 22 religious, political, economic, or social needs; …
A. do B. have C. perform D. serve
●小试牛刀●
1. D。与宾语need搭配，表示“满足需要”，选项中只有动词serve，故选D。
5. On April 12, 1888, Alfred's brother Ludwig died of heart attack. A major French newspaper mistook his brother for him and carried an article _______ the death of Alfred Nobel. “The merchant of death is dead.” the article read.
A. introducing B. announcing
C. implying D. advertising
5. B。由常识可知，报社应是“发布”消息；根据动宾关系，能与宾语“阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔死亡的消息”搭配的也应当是“发布”，而不是“介绍”“暗示”“给……做广告”，故选B，announce (give information about)。
高考英语完形填空解题技能实战演练（4）
利用逻辑推理解答完形填空题
根据上文信息推理
根据下文信息推理
运用逻辑推理
根据上文信息推理
[例1]On April 12, 1888, Alfred’s brother Ludwig died of heart attack. A major French newspaper mistook his brother for him and…“Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became rich by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.” Nobel was ___ to find out not that he had died, but that, when his time was up, he would be thought of only as one who profited from death and destruction.
A. upset B. anxious C. excited D. pleased
[解析]前面讲报道中的两件事：一是报社误以为诺贝尔是他的兄弟死了，二是说他是靠发现更快的杀人方式发财。根据生活常识，作为诺贝尔本人，看到这篇报道，不可能感到“渴望(anxious)”“兴奋(excited)”或“高兴(pleased)”，而应当是“不高兴(upset)”，故选A。本句大意：诺贝尔感到不快，不是因为报社误解他死了，而是在他死后被认为是一个靠制造死亡和毁灭而赚钱的人。
[例3] Not all of these fairies are the friendly, people-loving characters that appear in Disney films, and in some folktales they are___ and cause much human suffering.
A. powerful B. cruel
C. frightened D. extraordinary
根据下文信息推理
[解析]根据空格后面的信息 “and cause much human suffering(会造成人类的痛苦)” 可以推断出，“在某些民间故事中，仙女是残酷的”，故选B )。
1.It was then feared that the fairies had come and stolen the baby away and replaced the human baby with a fairy Changeling. There were many ways to prevent this from happening: hanging a knife over the baby’s head while he slept or covering him with some of his father’s clothes were just two of the recommended methods. However, hope was not lost even if the baby had been .
A. missed B. stolen C. found D. lost
[解析]空格前两句说人们害怕仙女来偷小孩(stolen the baby away)及其阻止此事发生的方法，所以空格句应是“即使小孩被偷走了，也还是有希望的”，故选B。
2.To make sure that he was 26 with love and respect, Nobel arranged in his 27 to give the largest part of his money to establish the Nobel Prizes, which would be awarded to people who made great contributions to the causes of peace, literature, and the sciences. So basically, Nobel had to die before he realized what his life was really about.
26. A. repaid B. described
C. supported D. remembered
27. A. book B. article
C. will D. contract
[解析]第26题，由空格后面的信息“诺贝尔在遗嘱中安排捐出他的钱来设立诺贝尔奖……”可以推出，其目的是为了让自己被别人爱戴与尊敬地“纪念，铭记(remembered)”他，而不是“报答(repaid)”“描述(described)”“支持(supported)”他，从而改变当时人们对他的看法，故选D。
第27题，由最后一句中的die这一关键词可以得到启示，设立诺贝尔奖应是在他的“遗嘱(will)”中作的安排，故选C。
Summary
语篇信息
并列关系
因果关系
同类关系
类属关系
相对关系
语义复现
同词复现
同义复现
结构复现
前后搭配
动介搭配
动宾搭配
句式搭配
习语搭配
逻辑推理
复现
同现
1. 题型专练与纠错：题型17 议论文 passage 1
2. 总结本课出现的重点词和词组。
Homework:
Thank you !
2019-10-12
二轮复习专题
高考英语完形填空的解题技巧
Cloze Test
语法结构
词汇题
篇章结构
高考完形
填空考什么？
1.根据并列关系解答完形填空
2.根据语义复现解答完形填空
3.利用前后搭配解答完形填空
4.利用逻辑推理解答完形填空题
高考英语完形填空解题四种技能
高考英语完形填空解题技能实战演练（1）
根据并列关系解答完形填空题
因果关系、
同类关系
相对关系等
并列，就是指由and 或or连接的并列成分
类属关系
[例1] These tell the story of a mother whose baby grows 23 and pale and has changed so much that it is almost unrecognizable to the parents.
23. A. sick B. slim C. short D. small
因果关系
[解析] 选项中 只有sick才与pale 有相关性(因果关系)，即因为“生病”，所以脸色才会“苍白”，故选A。
[例2]Edgar Allan Poe, whose life was short and seemingly unhappy, wrote stories and poems of mystery and 22 insanity(疯狂) and death.
22. A. happiness B. science
C. society D. terror
同类关系
[解析]因为只有terror(恐怖)才与mystery(神秘)、insanity(疯狂)和death(死亡)是表示同类意义的名词，而不可能是与“happiness(幸福)”“science(科学)”或“society(社会)”并列，故选D。
[例3]Edgar Allan Poe is also remembered as the father of modern detective fiction, stories of an investigator who has to solve murders and other 27
27. A. accidents B. crimes
C. events D. incidents
类属关系
[解析]因为“murder(凶杀)”是各种“crimes(犯罪)”行为中的一种，所以与“murder(凶杀)”并列应是“其他各种犯罪行为”，故选B。
[例4] When Christ was born nearly two thousand years ago, many people, rich and _______, gave him presents.
A. ill B. healthy C. poor D. tall
相对关系
[解析]因为由句意可知，应当是指“耶稣出生时，许多人，无论贫富，都给他礼物”，故选择与rich相对意义的poor，即选C。
Nobel was upset to find out not that he had died, but that, when his time was up, he would be thought of only as one who profited from _____and destruction.
A. death B. disease C. trouble D. attack
1. A。与destruction (毁灭)并列应当是death(死亡)，故选A。
小试牛刀
2. The poverty(贫困) was worse than anything my young companions had ever imagined. Back in the hotel, an air of sadness settled over the group. Many ________and cried.
gave up B. broke down
C. set off D. held on
2. B。与cried(哭)并列应当是break down(情绪失控)，故选B。
3. Music is nice, people seem to say, but not important… This view is shortsighted. In fact, music education is ________ and important for all students.
A. beneficial B. available
C. expensive D. powerful
3. A。与important(重要的)并列，且符合语境的，应当是beneficial(有益的)，句意为：“音乐教育对所有学生来说，是有益的，也是重要的。”
高考英语完形填空解题技能实战演练（2）
根据语义复现解答完形填空题
同词复现
同义复现
结构复现
语义复现
[例1] Tales of the supernatural are common in all parts of Britain. In particular, there was (and perhaps still is) a belief in fairies(仙女). Not all of these 21 are the friendly, people-loving characters that appear in Disney films, and …
A. babies B. believers
C. fairies D. supermen
一、同词复现
[解析]前句说是人们“相信有仙女”，后句“并非所有这些_ 是友好的”，承前逻辑，空格处应填“仙女”了，故选C。
[例2] There were many ways to prevent this from happening: hanging a knife over the baby’s head while he slept or covering him with some of his father’s clothes were just two of the recommended 27 .
A. cases B. tools C. steps D. methods
二、同义复现
[解析]前句说“避免这类的事发生有许多方法(ways)”，冒号后的解释，“在小孩睡觉时在其头上悬挂一把刀，或者用其父亲的裤子盖着他，就是其中值得推荐的两种________”，承前逻辑，自然是其中的两种“方法”，与ways同义的是methods，故选D。
[例3] Alfred Nobel became a millionaire and changed the ways of mining, construction, and warfare as the inventor of dynamite (炸药) . …“Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became 23 by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.” A. famous B. sick C. rich D. popular
三、结构复现
[解析] Alfred Nobel引导定语从句的who指代的就是Alfred Nobel，两句是相似的,且两句的后部分的内容各为“发明了炸药”与“找到了更快的杀人方式”，可以想象，两者的意义何等接近！可见，与“变成百万富翁”对应的应当是“变成富裕”，故选C。
Everyone started to _55__ their hands. Suzy Khan gave them a shy smile and the applause was deafening. I knew then Suzy was going to be all right.
A.clap B.wave C.raise D.shake
小试牛刀
由后面的applause(掌声)可知此处表示“大家开始鼓掌”。clap one's hands鼓掌。故选B。
2. When he arrived at his father’s house, he was told that his father had been in hospital for a week. He was about to leave for (去；前往) the ______when he saw…
A. city B. hospital
C. factory D. university
2. B。前面说“当他回到父亲家时，初告知他父亲已住院一周了”，承前逻辑，他应是“去医院”，故选B。
利用前后搭配解答完形填空题
高考英语完形填空解题技能实战演练（3）
在解答完形填空时，充分考虑这些搭配关系，有助于我们作出正确选择。
动词与介词的搭配
动词与其宾语的搭配
句式结构上的搭配和
习语搭配等
所谓前后搭配
根据动词与其后介词的搭配关系来选择一个恰当的动词。
[例1] On April 12, 1888, Alfred’s brother Ludwig died of heart attack. A major French newspaper ___ his brother for him and…
A. found B. misunderstood
C. mistook D. judged
一、动介搭配
[解析]能与“A for B”搭配的在四个选项中只有选项C, mistake X for Y 意为“误以为X是Y”,故选C。
根据动词与其宾语是否可以搭配、在意义上是否符合逻辑或常识来确定选用哪个动词。
[例2] Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to ___ the Nobel Prizes, which would be awarded to people who…
A. establish B. form C. develop D. promote
[解析]在不定式短语中，宾语是“诺贝尔奖”，动词该用哪一个？设立？形成？发展？促进？根据常识，能与“奖项”搭配的，在这四个选项中只有“设立”，故选A。
二、动宾搭配
根据句式或句型的搭配来确定填哪一个词。
[例3] The book tells us of useful skills such as how to put what you have learned into pictures of your mind to your memory better.
A. make B. turn C. 1et D. change
三、句式搭配
[解析]在四个选项中，能接“宾语+形容词作宾补”的只有选面A，make your memory better意为“使你的记忆力变得更好”，故选A。
根据习惯用语的固定搭配来确定正确选项。
[例4] Intellectual property (IP) (知识产权) is a product of the mind that has commercial value. The concept ___ back to 1623 when the first patent law to protect IP rights was passed.
A. holds B. dates C. sets D. turns
[解析] date back to是惯用短语，意为“追溯到”，故选B。
四、习语搭配
[例5] Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to establish the Nobel Prizes, which would be awarded to people who made great _______ to the causes of peace, literature, and the sciences.
A. additions B. sacrifices
C. changes D. contributions
[解析] 四个选项都可构成习语搭配:
make additions to 给……增加
make sacrifices to 对……做出牺牲
make changes to对……作修改
make contributions to 对……作贡献
但根据句意和常识，奖项应当奖给那些为和平、文学和科学“作出贡献”的人，故选D。
1. Dance can be art, ritual(仪式；礼制), or recreation（娱乐）. It goes beyond the functional purposes of the movement used in work or athletics in order to express emotions, moods, or ideas; tell a story; 22 religious, political, economic, or social needs; …
A. do B. have C. perform D. serve
●小试牛刀●
1. D。与宾语need搭配，表示“满足需要”，选项中只有动词serve，故选D。
5. On April 12, 1888, Alfred's brother Ludwig died of heart attack. A major French newspaper mistook his brother for him and carried an article _______ the death of Alfred Nobel. “The merchant of death is dead.” the article read.
A. introducing B. announcing
C. implying D. advertising
5. B。由常识可知，报社应是“发布”消息；根据动宾关系，能与宾语“阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔死亡的消息”搭配的也应当是“发布”，而不是“介绍”“暗示”“给……做广告”，故选B，announce (give information about)。
高考英语完形填空解题技能实战演练（4）
利用逻辑推理解答完形填空题
根据上文信息推理
根据下文信息推理
运用逻辑推理
根据上文信息推理
[例1]On April 12, 1888, Alfred’s brother Ludwig died of heart attack. A major French newspaper mistook his brother for him and…“Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became rich by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.” Nobel was ___ to find out not that he had died, but that, when his time was up, he would be thought of only as one who profited from death and destruction.
A. upset B. anxious C. excited D. pleased
[解析]前面讲报道中的两件事：一是报社误以为诺贝尔是他的兄弟死了，二是说他是靠发现更快的杀人方式发财。根据生活常识，作为诺贝尔本人，看到这篇报道，不可能感到“渴望(anxious)”“兴奋(excited)”或“高兴(pleased)”，而应当是“不高兴(upset)”，故选A。本句大意：诺贝尔感到不快，不是因为报社误解他死了，而是在他死后被认为是一个靠制造死亡和毁灭而赚钱的人。
[例3] Not all of these fairies are the friendly, people-loving characters that appear in Disney films, and in some folktales they are___ and cause much human suffering.
A. powerful B. cruel
C. frightened D. extraordinary
根据下文信息推理
[解析]根据空格后面的信息 “and cause much human suffering(会造成人类的痛苦)” 可以推断出，“在某些民间故事中，仙女是残酷的”，故选B )。
1.It was then feared that the fairies had come and stolen the baby away and replaced the human baby with a fairy Changeling. There were many ways to prevent this from happening: hanging a knife over the baby’s head while he slept or covering him with some of his father’s clothes were just two of the recommended methods. However, hope was not lost even if the baby had been .
A. missed B. stolen C. found D. lost
[解析]空格前两句说人们害怕仙女来偷小孩(stolen the baby away)及其阻止此事发生的方法，所以空格句应是“即使小孩被偷走了，也还是有希望的”，故选B。
2.To make sure that he was 26 with love and respect, Nobel arranged in his 27 to give the largest part of his money to establish the Nobel Prizes, which would be awarded to people who made great contributions to the causes of peace, literature, and the sciences. So basically, Nobel had to die before he realized what his life was really about.
26. A. repaid B. described
C. supported D. remembered
27. A. book B. article
C. will D. contract
[解析]第26题，由空格后面的信息“诺贝尔在遗嘱中安排捐出他的钱来设立诺贝尔奖……”可以推出，其目的是为了让自己被别人爱戴与尊敬地“纪念，铭记(remembered)”他，而不是“报答(repaid)”“描述(described)”“支持(supported)”他，从而改变当时人们对他的看法，故选D。
第27题，由最后一句中的die这一关键词可以得到启示，设立诺贝尔奖应是在他的“遗嘱(will)”中作的安排，故选C。
Summary
语篇信息
并列关系
因果关系
同类关系
类属关系
相对关系
语义复现
同词复现
同义复现
结构复现
前后搭配
动介搭配
动宾搭配
句式搭配
习语搭配
逻辑推理
复现
同现
1. 题型专练与纠错：题型17 议论文 passage 1
2. 总结本课出现的重点词和词组。
Homework:
Thank you !
2019-10-12