2022届高考英语二轮复习：名词性从句课件（42张）

(共42张PPT)
知识清单
什么是名词性从句？
名词在句子中做什么成分？
The boy likes that girl
His father is a doctor.
Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.
我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好
名词性从句：
一个从句在句子中充当名词作用，这个从句就是名词性从句。
名词性从句的考点
考点一：连接词的选择 (3类连接词）
I know that he will come this evening.
That she left him cut him to the heart.
That he will come is certain.
①丛属连词：在句子中不做成分，只起连接作用。
that, whether, if
that: ①只起引导作用，本身无实际意义
②在名词性从句中不做任何成分
③在主语从句中不能省略
Whether we will go there or not hasn’t been decided yet.
Whether it will please them is not easy to say
It is not easy to say whether it will please them
I doubt if he can solve such a problem.
①丛属连词:在句子中不做成分，只起连接作用。
whether 和 if都表示“是否”
区别：
whether 可以放在句首，if不行
whether…or not
考点链接
I didn’t know _______ she would take her teacher’s advice or not
whether
if
that
what
考点一：连接词的选择 (3类连接词）
②连接代词（作成分-主、宾、表、定，有意义）：
who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever.
连接代词在名词性从句中不仅起到连接主从句的作用，且做主干成分（做主宾表定），有意义。
What Jessica heard at the meeting frightened her
Whoever wants to see this film can go with us tonight
All the books are here. You may borrow whichever (book) you like.
辨析①what和which
考点一：连接词的选择 (3类连接词）
What seems easy to some people seems difficult to others. （主）
Which side will win is not clear. （定）
Whatever we do / is to serve people. （宾）
翻译上 范围上
which 哪一个 代指的内容有范围，一般其后紧跟表示范围的词
what 什么，…的 代指的内容没有范围的
Why he did it remains a mystery.
How he became a great scientist is known to us all.
考点一：连接词的选择 (3类连接词）
③连接副词（不作主干成分，作状语，有意义）：
when, where, how, why
连接副词不仅起引导作用，也在从句中充当状语成分，不能省略。
名词性从句连接词选择三步走
第一步：判断是否为名词性从句
第二步：看从句中缺不缺成分。
缺主干成分：连接代词
缺状语：连接副词
不缺成分：从属连词
第三步：根据意义进行选择。
注意事项
注意：
1.that , whether, what 考查最多
2.what 和that 的选用（what 和 that 都能够引导名词性从句）
that①只起连接作用②不充当成分③无意义
what①起连接作用②可充当成分（主语，宾语或表语）③有意义（意为“所...的东西/事情）
例：What surprised me most / was /that such a little girl could play the piano so well.
3.whether 和 if 的选用
whether 和 if 都能引导主语从句 ，但 if 引导主语从句时，不能位于句首。
考点二：主语从句
在句子中担当主语的是一个从句,这个从句就叫做主语从句
That the price of beef will go up is certain
Whether the project should be carried out is still a problem
What Jessica heard at the meeting frightened her
When we should go to Lijiang on vacation remains to be discussed
主语从句的位置：
①通常在谓语动词前。
考点链接
________ I have forgotten where they live is very natural.
What
Which
How
That
②形式主语
主语从句可以前置，也可以后置。
用it 做形式主语，而把真正的主语放在句末。
用it作形式主语的从句，常用下面几种句型：
考点二：主语从句
(1)It +be+表语+主语从句 表语：名词(词组)、形容词、过去分词
(2)It +不及物动词+主语从句
(3)It +及物动词（被动语态）+主语从句
(1)It +be+表语+主语从句 表语：名词(词组)、形容词、过去分词
It is still uncertain whether he is coming or not.
真正的主语
It is reported that the temperature will decline sharply in the near future
It is obvious that you are late for the meeting
It is common knowledge that the earth revolves around the sun
考点二：主语从句
②形式主语
(2)It +不及物动词+主语从句
It happens that he can understand a little about the language.
It doesn’t matter whether he will come or not.
(3)It +及物动词（被动语态）+主语从句
It has been decided that the exhibition will not open on Sunday.
考点二：主语从句
②形式主语
考点链接
_________remains to be seen whether the new technique will do us harm or good
What
It
Which
That
考点三：宾语从句
I’ll try to make up for what I have missed
I asked him when he’d be back to pick me up
I wonder where he has got so much money
She explained why she failed in the maths exam
Lucy asked whether/if they had a cotton sweater
考点三：宾语从句
作动词的宾语
Eg:He was telled that whatching TV too much is bad for his eyes.
作介词的宾语
Eg:It all depends on whether it will be fine tomorrow.
作系表结构的宾语
Eg:I am sure that he will come soon.
常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有：sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised等。
1、宾语从句的位置
考点三：宾语从句
形式宾语：
在动词find, feel, think, consider, make, believe, suppose等后接宾语补足语常用it 做形式宾语
We have made it clear that our purpose is to learn knowledge
2、宾语从句的连接词
Eg:I don’t think (that) there will be time to do it.
Eg:Many people believe (that) robots will do most our work.
He said (that) we were too young to understand the matter and that we should urn to our professor
考点三：宾语从句
①从属连词
that引导的宾语从句，that可省略.但一个句子当中有多个并列的宾语从句时，第一个that可省略，其余的不行。
①引导介词后的宾语从句时。
Eg:I’m interested in whether he likes English.
②与or not连用时。
Eg:Let me know whether he has passed the exam or not.
③与不定式连用时。
Eg:I really don’t know whether to accept or refuse.
考点三：宾语从句
只用whether不用if的情况
④有些动词，leave,put,discuss,doubt等后的宾语从句常用whether引导。
Eg:I doubt whether he will keep his promise.
我怀疑他能否信守诺言。
doubt用于肯定句，用whether,用于否定和疑问句，用that
I don’t doubt that the plan will be well-conceived
Do you doubt that she can run the race
考点三：宾语从句
只用whether不用if的情况
考点三：宾语从句
只用whether不用if的情况
⑤宾语从句前置，置于句首时。
Eg:Whether they can come here on time,wo don’t know.
他们能否按时到这里，我们不知道。
Eg:Do you know who will come this afternoon
Eg:I don’t know whom you should depend on.
Eg:I don’t know what it is.
Eg:Could you tell me which gate we have to go to
考点三：宾语从句
连接代词:who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever.
它们在宾语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语等，因此不能省略。
Eg:He didn’t tell me when the traffic accident had taken place.
作时间状语
他没有告诉我那起交通事故发生的时间。
Eg:-Your coat looks very nice.Could you tell me where you bought it
考点三：宾语从句
连接副词when,where,how,why它们在宾语从句中作状语，不可以省略。
3、宾语从句的时态
Eg:The policewoman asked the little boy where he lived.
一般过去时 一般过去时
这个女警询问小男孩住在哪里。（安顺中考）
Eg:He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby.
一般过去时 将来过去时
一般情况下，主从句时态保持一致。
当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用相应的过去时态。
Eg:The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
客观事实，用一般现在时
老师说地球绕着太阳转。
Eg:Everyoneknew that there are sixty minutes in an hour.
客观事实，用一般现在时
考点三：宾语从句
当宾语从句表达客观事实或规律时，其时态应用一般现在时。
Eg:Tom advised me that I should take more water.
主句 连接词 从句主语 从句谓语 从句宾语
汤姆建议我多喝水。
Eg:-I don’t know why he is leaving.
主句 连接词 从句主语 从句谓语
考点三：宾语从句
4、宾语从句的语序:陈述语序
宾语从句的语序为：引导词+主语+谓语+其他
I don’t think this dress fits you well.
I don’t believe you will finish the work today.
She thinks this dress doesn’t fit you well.(主语为第三人称，不符合否定转移条件)
考点三：宾语从句
5、宾语从句中的否定转移
①若主句主语是第一人称。
②谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, except, guess, imagine等
③其后的宾语从句含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。
考点链接
I asked him _________get the tickets for the New Year Evening Party
What could we
What we could
How could we
How we could could
考点四：表语从句
一般结构
主语+系动词+表语从句
可以接表语从句的系动词有be, look, remain, seem等
The trouble is that he lost his money.
Our plan is that we’ll go there once a week
The trouble is whether the new plan can be put into practice
Fame and personal gain is what they’re after at present
The key is who we can get to replace her
六类系动词：
状态系动词：be用来表示主语状态。
持续系动词：用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态。keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand
表像系动词：用来表示"看起来像"这一概念。seem, appear, look
感官系动词：look, smell, taste, feel, sound
变化系动词：这些系动词表示主语变成什么样become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.
终止系动词：表示主语已终止动作，表达"证实"，"变成"之意 prove, turn out
考点四：表语从句
1.The reason(why)… is that…
The reason why he is late is that he missed the early bus.
2.That/it is because… （强调原因）那是因为....
That's because we never thought of it.
3. That’s why… （强调结果） 那是....的原因
That's why he got angry with me.
4. It seems /looks as if …
It seems as if he didn’t know the answer
表语从句常见的结构
考点链接
The reason why Tom looked so angry was ______ with his sister this morning
A. that he quarreled
B. because he quarreled
C. that he quarrels
D. because his quarreling
1.一般跟在某些名词后面，用以解释说明该名词表示的具体内容。
I heard the news that our team had won.
2.常见的可以跟同位语从句的词（抽象名词）：
news, idea, fact, promise, question, doubt, thought, hope, message, suggestion, word(消息)， possibility等
It is a fact that she has done her best
The rumor that he was arrested was unfounded
There is some hope that we’ll find a solution to our problem
He made the suggestion that they go for a drive
考点五：同位语从句
考点1.常见的引导词
连词：that， whether
连接副词：how, when, where
If, which 不能引导同位语从句
He must answer the question whether he agrees it or not.
He must answer the question when he will go.
考点五：同位语从句
注意：有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。
如：Several years later, word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them.
考点五：同位语从句
考点2.同位语从句与定语从句的区别
（1）同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，说明前面名词的内容，属于名词 性从句范畴。
定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系，限定前面名词范围，属于形容词性从句范畴。
The news that I have passed the exam is true.
The news that he told me just now is true.
考点五：同位语从句
（2）引导同位语从句的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分，一般不省略。
引导定语从句的that是关系词，除了起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语、
宾语或表语等。
总结： that引导的同位语从句是完整的，不缺任何成分。
that引导的定语从句成分是残缺的。
The news that I have passed the exam is true. （同位语从句，不缺任何成分）
The news that he told me just now is true. （定语从句，缺宾语）
考点五：同位语从句
定语从句容易和同位语从句混淆
共同结构: n+从句
区分从以下几方面：
①从句与名词之间的关系：
定从：修饰限定（The news that he told me just now is true.）
同从：具体内容的解释说明(The news that i have passed the exam is true)
②that是否充当成分
定从：充当主宾定（最多）、表
同从：不充当任何成分，无任何意思。
③看名词
抽象名词：同从
普通名词: 定从
定从vs同从总结：
考点链接
I’ve come from Mr. Blcak with a message___________ he won’t be able to see you this afternoon
whether
if
which
that