2022届高考英语语法专练（一）：名词（含答案）

2022年高考英语语法针对型训练（一）：高频语法+名词
1. Air pollution is no doubt a major concern in many big cities across the world. More than 80% of people living in cities are often exposed (接触) to unsafe air, according to a report ①_____(give) by the World Health Organization.
"Air pollution in cities continues ②_____(rise) at a high speed, and in fact, it ③_____(be) bad for human health," said Dr Maria Neira, director of Public Health and Environmental Policy at the WHO. "At ④_____ same time, more cities are watching over ⑤_____(they) air quality."
In the past few years, the number of cities watching over air pollution ⑥_____(increase), covering about 3,000 cities in 103 countries. The WHO warned that the poor air, ⑦_____ could raise the risk of heart disease, cancer and many other diseases, had a bad effect on the health of city people.
The report also showed that poorer countries ⑧_____(general) have poorer air quality. About 98% of cities with 100,000 or more people in low income ⑨_____ middle-income countries do not meet WHO air quality guidelines, while only 56% in high-income ⑩_____(country) fail to meet the standard. The report also encouraged local government to take stronger and more measures(措施) to fight against air pollution.
2. A Swiss company that developed technology to capture (捕获) carbon dioxide from the air says it has launched the world's largest plant Orca to do so in Iceland. The system is in ①_________(operate) now. Carbon dioxide emissions (排放物) worldwide will rise to ②_________ total of 33 billion metric tons this year. And the plant is designed ③_________ (deal) with up to 3,600 metric tons of carbon dioxide per year.
Direct air capture is one of the few technologies that can remove carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere. The process ④_________ (see) as critical to dealing with harmful pollutant emissions. Such emissions mainly ⑤_________ (result) from human activities can trap heat in the atmosphere and create higher temperatures. Many scientists blame this warming ⑥_________ increased heatwaves, wildfires, floods and rising sea levels across the world.
Orca uses eight large containers with high-tech filters (过滤器) and blowers attached to capture carbon dioxide. The carbon is then mixed with water and left deep under the surface of the ground, ⑦_________ it slowly turns into rock. ⑧_________ of the technologies are powered by renewable energy. Direct air capture is still a ⑨_________ (relative) costly and new technology. But developers hope to bring down the price as more companies and individuals are ⑩_________ (concern) with the technology.
3. Most of you have heard of the term “big data”. If anyone ①_______(confuse) by it, let me explain it. When a company records the information of millions of users, it can analyze this “big data” to discover patterns and trends, allowing them to make better business decisions. It sounds like a science experiment, but every single user who gives up their information ②_______ (become) an unwilling test panies claim that the data is used to provide “better service,” ③_______ is really an excuse for them to make more money.
Take shopping on Taobao ④_______ an example. You will get product recommendations ⑤_______ (base) on your previous purchases, making it much ⑥_______ (easy) to finish a shopping list. However, did you really end up only ⑦_______ (purchase) items you originally had in mind Or did you add a few more to the cart That's where the business wins. And the customer They just become one more point of data in the system.
As technology grows more advanced, there will only be more ⑧_______ (opportunity) for you to be exposed. Every single photo, text or video you post on the Internet is there to help someone paint ⑨_______ better picture of you. Perhaps in the near future, someone will have collected enough data ⑩_______ (predict) the future decisions you will make before you even make them.
4. DaochengYading is a magical and mysterious land located ①____ the southwest of China's Sichuan province. This is a kingdom ②_____ is surrounded by breath-taking views of snow-capped mountains, steep glaciers, crystal clear lakes, vast pastures(牧草), as well as dense woods. It ③_____ (call) the last pure land on this blue planet.
Every September, the scenery here is at ④____(it) most fascinating. It's like placing people into a colorful fairy tale world. The most famous are the three mountain peaks in DaochengYading. The most beautiful is called Yang Maiyong. It is about 6,000 meters in ⑤_____ (high), and has the shape of a perfect pyramid. Back in 1931, the American explorer Joseph Rock first introduced it to the world with photos ⑥______(take) for the National Geographic magazine. He wrote,
“She is the ⑦________ (beautiful) snow peak my eyes have ever seen”. Next to it, stand two other ⑧______ (mountain):Xiannairi and Xianuoduoji. The top of the mountains is covered by snow most of the time. No one has yet ever been able to reach the top. They are called the “Three Holy Mountains”.
It is a ⑨_______ (vast) respected place in the hearts of the local people. The locals say that if one could walk around the holy mountains three times, then your wishes for this life will be fulfilled. It is not only the last pure land ⑩_____ earth that can purify the soul.
5. Dachi was the name of my pet cockatiel. His name comes from the second half of the Japanese word tomodachi, ①_________ means friend.
I taught Dachi to whistle two songs, “For He’s a Jolly Good Fellow” and “Happy Birthday to You”. Though his whole range of skills was small, his ②_________ (confident) never lagged (滞后), and he would frequently wish me a happy birthday when it wasn’t — which could be ③_________ (embarrass).
When Dachi had been with us for three or four years, I think I may have become a bit too confident with him. One day, I walked out of the house and didn’t realize that he was still sitting on my shoulder ④_________ the door behind me shut loudly. He ⑤_________ (fly) away.
After I placed ⑥_________ advertisement in the local paper, I received a phone call from a woman. I was so relieved to hear this news that I ⑦_________ (immediate) drove to her house. When I arrived, she asked me to see whether the bird was ⑧_________ (I).
I had a better idea ⑨_________ (identify) Dachi and began to whistle the “Happy Birthday” song. The lady stopped me, ⑩_________ (say), “He is yours alright — he’s been whistling that all week.”
So Dachi came home in the car sitting on my shoulder, whistling.
6.Archaeologists uncover 3000-year-old gold mask in southwest China
The remains of a gold mask are among a huge storage of 3,000-year-old artifacts(手工艺品) found at an archaeological site in China's Sichuan province.
①_____(weigh) about 280 grams (0.6 pounds) and estimated to be made from 84% gold, the ceremonial mask is one of over 500 items unearthed from six newly discovered "sacrificial pits"(祭祀坑). Some experts say the items may shed ②_____(far) light on the ancient Shu state, a kingdom that ruled in the western Sichuan basin(盆地) ③_____ it was conquered in 316 BC.
More than 50,000 ancient artifacts ④_____(find) at Sanxingdui since the 1920s, when a local farmer ⑤_____(accident) came upon a number of relics at the site. ⑥_____ major breakthrough occurred in 1986, with two ceremonial pits discovered.
Sanxingdui is believed to have sat at the heart of the Shu state, ⑦_____ historians know relatively little about due to insufficient written records. ⑧_____(discover) made at the site date back to the 12th and 11th centuries BC, and many of the items are now ⑨_____ display at an on-site museum.
Though not yet recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Sanxingdui is on the organization’s “tentative list” for possible future ⑩_____(include). Along with other Shu archaeological sites, it is credited by the UN agency as “an outstanding representative of the Bronze Age Civilization of China, East Asia and even the world.”
7. A new national analysis in Japan shows that animal conservation should be combined with entertainment ①_____(increase) public interest in the natural world. Kemono Friends is an animated series, initially broadcast in Japan late at night between Jan. 10 and Mar, 28, 2017. It tells that ②_____ unexplained event has left one girl alone in a world filled with animals, who help her navigate their habitats and discover her true identity as a human. The animals ③_____(describe) as women in animal costumes with personalities and abilities of the species they represent. Due to its ④_____(popular), the series was rebroadcast nationwide and via online streaming services, ⑤_____ drew more audience over the age of 20.
In the 18 months during and after the ⑥_____(origin) Kemono Friends broadcast there was a total increase of 4.66 million Google searches and 1 million Wikipedia page views for the animal species featured as characters in the anime ⑦_____(compare) to the 18 months before the broadcast. “At first, we thought anime is just entertainment, ⑧_____ we could not take the data ⑨_____(serious). But Google Trends clearly shows Kemono Fiends has a positive effect on public interest in wildlife, regardless ⑩_____ the species' conservation status," said Fukano, a field ecologist.
8. A 25-year-old American with a university degree can expect to live a decade longer than a contemporary who dropped out of high school. ①_____ researchers have long known that the rich live longer than the poor, yet this education gap is less well documented. And while the average American’s ②_____(expect) life span(寿命) has been flat in recent years, that of the one-third with a bachelor’s degree ③_____(continue) to lengthen.
What is the link between schooling and longevity Some argue that better-educated people develop ④_____(healthy) lifestyles: each additional year of study reduces the chances of being a smoker and of being overweight. The better educated earn more, which in turn ⑤_____(associate) with greater health. Ms. Case and Mr. Deaton of Princeton University argue that changes in labour markets, including ⑥_____ rise of automation and increased demand for ⑦_____(high) educated workers, coupled with the rising costs of employer-provided health care, have depressed the supply of well paid jobs ⑧_____ those without a degree. This may be contributing to higher rates of alcohol and drug use and other ⑨_____(death) of despair. In order for America’s overall life span ⑩_____(start) climbing again, improvements will be needed across all social groups, not just among the privileged few.
答案以及解析
1.答案：①given ②to rise/rising ③is ④the ⑤their ⑥has increased/has been increasing ⑦which ⑧generally ⑨and ⑩countries
解析：①考查过去分词。句意:根据世界卫生组织的一份报告,80%以上的城市居民经常暴露在不安全的空气中。give和它所修饰的词之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词作后置定语,故填given。
②考查固定搭配。句意:城市空气污染继续高速上升,事实上,这对人类健康有害。continue后跟不定式或动名词作宾语,故填to rise/rising。
③考查时态和主谓一致。句意:城市空气污染继续高速上升,事实上,这对人类健康有害。描述现状,所以用一般现在时态,主语为it,故填is。
④考查固定搭配。句意:与此同时,更多的城市正在关注他们的空气质量。at the same time同时,为固定搭配,故填the。
⑤考查形容词性物主代词。句意:与此同时,更多的城市正在关注他们的空气质量。放在名词前面,所以用形容词性物主代词,故填their。
⑥考查时态和主谓一致。句意:在过去几年中,监视空气污染的城市数量不断增加,覆盖了103个国家的约3000个城市。In the past few years常和现在完成时态连用,也可以表示"一直",所以用现在完成进行时态,the number of后跟复数名词,作主语,谓语用第三人称单数形式,故填has increased/has been increasing。
⑦考查非限制性定语从句。句意:世卫组织警告说,恶劣的空气会增加患心脏病、癌症和其他许多疾病的风险,对城市居民的健康产生了不良影响。指代前面句子,在非限制性定语从句中作主语,故填which。
⑧考查副词。句意:报告还显示,较贫穷国家的空气质量普遍较差。修饰动词,所以用副词,故填generally。
⑨考查连词。句意:在低收入和中等收入国家拥有10万人或以上人口的城市中,约98%的城市不符合世卫组织的空气质量准则,而在高收入国家,只有56%的城市不符合这一标准。前后是并列关系,故填and。
⑩考查名词的数。句意:在低收入和中等收入国家拥有10万人或以上人口的城市中,约98%的城市不符合世卫组织的空气质量准则,而在高收入国家,只有56%的城市不符合这一标准。country为可数名词,前面有分数,所以用复数名词,故填countries。
2.答案：operation ; a; to deal ; is seen; resulting ; for ; where ; Both ; relatively ; concerned
解析：本文是说明文,主题语境是"人与自然"。一家开发从空气中捕获二氧化碳技术的瑞士公司已经在冰岛建立了世界上最大的二氧化碳捕获工厂。
①考查名词。该系统目前正在运行中。空处应用名词作介词宾语,in operation"工作中,使用中,有效"。
②考查冠词。今年全球二氧化碳排放总量将增加到330亿公吨。a total of"总共,总计"。
③考查不定式。该工厂的目的是每年处理多达3600公吨的二氧化碳。be designed to do sth."旨在/目的是做某事",故填to deal。
④考查时态和语态。此处为一般情况介绍,故用一般现在时,又主语The process与see之间是被动关系,故填is seen。
⑤考查现在分词。result from表示"(因……)产生,发生,(由……)造成",与emissions之间是主谓关系,故用现在分词作定语。
⑥考查介词。blame sb./sth. for sth."将某事归咎于某人/某事"。
⑦考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句,先行词表示地点,where在从句中作地点状语。
⑧考查限定词。上文提到了捕捉二氧化碳和处理碳的技术,此处表示这两种技术都是由可再生能源供能的。
⑨考查副词。空处修饰形容词,故应用所给词的副词形式。relatively"相当程度上,相当地,相对地"。
⑩考查形容词。此处表示更多的公司和个人对该技术感兴趣。be concerned with"对……感兴趣"。
3.答案：1. is confused2. becomes3. which4. as5. based6. easier7. purchasing8. opportunities9. a10. to predict
解析：
这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释说明了什么是“大数据”以及大数据对人们生活的影响。
【小题1】考查动词时态语态。句意:如果有人对此感到困惑,让我来解释一下。陈述客观事实应用一般现在时,主语与谓语构成被动关系,故用一般现在时的被动语态,主语为不定代词,谓语用单数。故填is confused。
【小题2】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:这听起来像是一个科学实验,但每一个泄露信息的用户都成为了一个不情愿的测试对象。根据上文It sounds like a science experiment可知应用一般现在时,主语为every single user,谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填becomes。
【小题3】考查定语从句。句意:公司声称这些数据被用来提供“更好的服务”,这实际上是他们赚更多钱的借口。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词data,先行词在从句中作主语,指物,故用关系代词which引导。故填which。
【小题4】考查介词。句意:以淘宝购物为例。结合句意表示“以……为例”短语为take sth. as an example。故填as。
【小题5】考查非谓语动词。句意:你会得到基于你之前购买的产品的推荐,这使得你更容易完成购物清单。短语be based on“以……为基础”,此处省略be动词,用过去分词作定语。故填based。
【小题6】考查比较级。句意:你会得到基于你之前购买的产品的推荐,这使得你更容易完成购物清单。much修饰比较级,表示“更容易”应用easier。故填easier。
【小题7】考查非谓语动词。句意:然而,你真的只买了你最初想买的东西吗 结合语境表示“以……为结束”可知短语为end up doing sth.。故填purchasing。
【小题8】考查名词的数。句意:随着科技的发展,你将会有更多的机会被曝光。opportunity为可数名词,由more修饰应用复数形式。故填opportunities。
【小题9】考查冠词。句意:你上传到网上的每一张照片、每一段文字或每一段视频都是为了帮助别人更好地了解你。picture为可数名词,此处表泛指应用不定冠词,且better是发音以辅音音素开头的单词,应用a。故填a。
【小题10】考查非谓语动词。句意:也许在不久的将来,有人已经收集了足够的数据来预测你未来的决定,甚至在你做出决定之前。分析句子结构可知predict在句中应用非谓语动词形式,此处作目的状语,应用不定式。故填to predict。
4.答案：1.in 2.which 3.is called 4.its 5.height 6. taken 7.most beautiful 8. mountains 9. vastly10. but
解析：①考查介词。句意：稻城亚丁是一片神奇而神秘的土地，位于中国四川省西南部。be located in位于，为固定搭配，故填in.
②考查定语从句。句意：这是一个被雪山、陡峭的冰川、清澈的湖泊、广阔的牧场和茂密的森林所包围的王国。先行词为物，在定语从句中作主语，故填which/that.
③考查时态语态。句意：它被称为这个蓝色星球上最后的净土。call和句子主语之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，描述现状，所以用一般现在时态，主语为it，故填is called.
④考查形容词性物主代词。句意：每年九月，这里的景色都是最迷人的。放在形容词最高级前面，所以用形容词性物主代词，故填its.
⑤考查名词的数。句意：它大约有6000米高，有一个完美的金字塔形状。作介词的宾语，所以用名词，表示抽象概念，为不可数名词，故填height.
⑥考查with复合结构。句意：早在1931年，美国探险家约瑟夫洛克就首次向世界介绍了它，并为《国家地理》杂志拍摄了照片。with的宾语和take之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾补，故填taken.
⑦考查形容词最高级。句意：她是我见过的最美丽的雪峰。前面有the，所以用形容词最高级作定语修饰名词，故填most beautiful.
⑧考查名词的数。句意：紧挨着它，矗立着另外两座山。前面有大于一的数字，所以用复数名词，故填mountains.
⑨考查副词。句意：在当地人民心中，这是一个备受尊敬的地方。修饰动词，所以用副词，故填vastly.
⑩考查连词。句意：净化灵魂的不仅是最后的净士，还有大地。not only...but（also）不但。而且，为固定搭配，故填but.
5.答案：1. which 2. confidence 3. embarrassing 4. until/till5. flew 6. an 7. immediately 8. mine 9. to identify 10. saying
解析： ①考查非限制性定语从句关系词。句意：他的名字来自日语单词tomodachi的后半部分，意思是朋友。从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，故此句为非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句关系词只能用which，不能用that。故填which。
②考查名词。句意：虽然他的各种能力很少，他的信心从来没有落后。所填词作主语，前面又有人称代词his修饰，应用所给单词的名词形式，confident（自信的），是形容词，名词形式是confidence（信心），故填confidence。
③考查形容词。句意：他会经常在不是我生日的时候祝我生日快乐—这可能是令人尴尬的。所填词在句子中作表语，用以说明主语的性质或特征，应用所给词的形容词形式embarrassing（令人尴尬的）。故填embarrassing。
④l考查连词。句意：有一天，我不知道他还坐在我的肩膀上，直到门在我身后大声关上。not…until/till直到……才，为固定搭配，引导时间状语从句，故填until。
⑤考查时态。句意：他飞走了。根据前后句时态信息，本句应用一般过去时，动词fly的过去式是flew。故填flew。
⑥考查冠词。句意：我在当地报纸上登了一则广告后，接到一位女士的电话。advertisement（广告），可数名词，此处表泛指，应用不定冠词修饰：又因其首字母音为元音音素，所以用an。故填an。
⑦考查副词。句意：听到这个消息我如释重负，立刻开车去了她家。此处修饰动词drove，应用所给词的副词形式作状语。immediate立刻的、即刻的，是形容词，其副词形式是immediately。故填immediately。
⑧考查代词。句意：我到的时候，她问我这只鸟是不是我的。此处代指“my bird'”，应用名词性物主代词mine作表语。故填mine。
⑨考查动词不定式。句意：我有一个更好的主意来识别Dachi，并开始吹《生日快乐》的歌。名词idea后面通常用动词不定式作定语，表示来识别Dachi的主意。故填to identify。
⑩考查现在分词。句意：于是开车回家的路上Dachi坐在我肩上，吹着口哨。sit在句子中作伴随状语，主语Dachi与动词sit之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用sit的现在分词形式。故填sitting。
6.答案：①Weighing ②further ③until ④have been found ⑤accidentally ⑥A ⑦which ⑧Discoveries ⑨on ⑩inclusion
解析：①考查现在分词。句意:这个仪式面具重约280克(0.6磅),估计由84%的黄金制成,是从六个新发现的"祭祀坑"出土的500多件物品之一。根据句中is可知,此处与estimated并列作状语,weigh的意思是"有...重;重达",用作不及物动词,主语the ceremonial mask与weigh之间为主动关系,应用现在分词形式,句首单词首字母需大写,故填Weighing。
②考查副词。句意:一些专家说,这些物品可能会使我们进一步了解古蜀国,一个统治四川川盆地西部直到公元前316年被征服的王国。空处修饰动词短语shed light on,表示"进一步;在更大程度上",应用副词further, further用来表示程度和分量,具有抽象含义; farther是far的比较级形式,指在空间上或时间上更远。故填further。
③考查连词。句意:一些专家说,这些物品可能会使我们进一步了解古蜀国,一个统治四川盆地西部直到公元前16年被征服的王国。rule是延续性动词,此处表示该动作一直延续到公元前316年它被征服为止,应用until引导时间状语从句,故填until。
④考查动词时态语态及主谓一致。句意:自20世纪20年代以来,三星堆已经发现了5万多件古代文物,当时当地一位农民意外地在遗址上发现了一些文物。主语More than 50,000 ancient artifacts为复数名词,与动词find之间为被动关系,结合时间状语since the1920s可知,此处应用现在完成时的被动语态,故填have been found。
⑤考查副词。句意:自20世纪20年代以来,三星堆已经发现了5万多件古代文物,当时当地一位农民意外地在遗址上发现了一些文物。空处修饰动词came upon,应用副词accidentally作状语,表示"意外地;偶然地",故填accidentally。
⑥考查冠词。句意:1986年有了重大突破,发现了两个仪式坑。breakthrough"突破;重大进展",可数名词,修饰词major是以辅音音素开头的单词,前面需加不定冠词a表泛指,句首单词首字母需大写,故填A。
⑦考查定语从句。句意:三星堆被认为位于蜀国的中心,历史学家对其了解相对较少,因为没有足够的书面记录。空处需要一个连接词引导非限制性定语从句,连接词指代先行词Sanxingdui在从句中作介词about的宾语,应用关系代词which引导,故填which。
⑧考查名词复数。句意:该遗址的发现可追溯到公元前12世纪和11世纪,其中许多物品现在在一个现场博物馆展出。空处作主语,应用所给词的名词discovery,根据谓语动词date可知,主语为复数名词,且在句首,首字母需大写,故填Discoveries。
⑨考查介词。句意:该遗址的发现可追溯到公元前12世纪和11世纪,其中许多物品现在在一个现场博物馆展出。on display"展出",固定短语,故填on。
⑩考查名词。句意:尽管三星堆尚未被联合国教科文组织确认为世界遗产,但它仍在该组织的"暂定名单"上,以备将来可能被列入。空前有possible future修饰,应用名词inclusion作介词for的宾语,表示"包括;包含",不可数名词,故填inclusion。
7.答案：①to increase ②an ③are described ④popularity ⑤which ⑥original ⑦compared ⑧so ⑨seriously ⑩of
解析：①考查不定式。句意:日本一项新的全国性分析表明,动物保护应与娱乐相结合,以提高公众对自然世界的兴趣。不定式作目的状语,故填to increase。
②考查冠词。句意:故事讲述了一件无法解释的事情让一个女孩独自生活在一个充满动物的世界里,动物们帮助她探索它们的栖息地,并发现了她作为人类的真实身份。泛指一个,所以用不定冠词,unexpected是以元音音素开头的,故填an。
③考查时态语态。句意:这些动物被描述为穿着动物服装的女性,她们具有自己所代表的物种的个性和能力。表示"被描述成",所以用被动语态描述电影的内容,所以用一般现在时态,主语为复数名词,故填are described。
④考查名词的数。句意:由于该剧的大受欢迎,该剧在全国范围内以及通过在线流媒体服务重播,吸引了更多20岁以上的观众。作宾语,所以用名词,表示抽象概念,为不可数名词,故填popularity。
⑤考查非限制性定语从句。句意:由于该剧的大受欢迎,该剧在全国范围内以及通过在线流媒体服务重播,吸引了更多20岁以上的观众。指代前面整个句子,在非限制性定语从句中作主语,故填which。
⑥考查形容词。句意:在《兽娘动物园》播出前后的18个月里,与播出前的18个月相比,动画角色的谷歌搜索量增加了466万次,维基百科页面浏览量增加了100万次。作定语修饰名词,所以用形容词,故填original。
⑦考查固定搭配。句意:在《兽娘动物园》播出前后的18个月里,与播出前的18个月相比,动画角色的谷歌搜索量增加了466万次,维基百科页面浏览量增加了100万次。compared to与...比起来,为固定搭配。故填compared。
⑧考查连词。句意:一开始,我们认为动漫只是娱乐,所以我们没有认真对待这些数据。前后是因果关系,表示"所以",故填so。
⑨考查副词。句意:一开始,我们认为动漫只是娱乐,所以我们没有认真对待这些数据。take sth. seriously认真对待某事,副词修饰动词,故填seriously。
⑩考查介词。句意:但是谷歌趋势清楚地表明,不管野生动物的保护状况如何,《兽娘动物园》对公众对野生动物的兴趣有积极的影响。regardless of不管,为固定搭配,故填of。
8.答案：①Although/Though/While ②expected ③has continued ④healthier ⑤is associated ⑥the ⑦highly ⑧for ⑨deaths ⑩to start
解析：①考查状语从句。句意:尽管研究人员早就知道富人比穷人寿命长,但这种教育差距的文献却很少。引导让步状语从句,表示"尽管"应用although, though或while,句首单词首字母要大写。故填Although/Though/While。
②考查形容词。句意:尽管近年来美国人的平均预期寿命一直没有增长,但三分之一拥有学士学位的人的预期寿命却在继续延长。结合句意表示"预期的"为形容词expected,作定语修饰名词词组life span,故填expected。
③考查时态。句意:尽管近年来美国人的平均预期寿命一直没有增长,但三分之一拥有学士学位的人的预期寿命却在继续延长。根据上文in recent years可知用现在完成时,主语that不可数,助动词用has。故填has continued。
④考查比较级。句意:一些人认为,受过良好教育的人会养成更健康的生活方式:每多学习一年,吸烟和超重的几率就会降低。结合句意表示"更健康的"应用形容词比较级healthier。故填healthier。
⑤考查固定短语和主谓一致。句意:受教育程度越高,收入越高,这反过来又与更健康有关。结合句意表示"与...有关"可知短语为be associated with, which指代上文整个句子,看作单数,故谓语用单数。故填is associated。
⑥考查冠词。句意:普林斯顿大学的凯斯和迪顿认为,劳动力市场的变化,包括自动化的兴起、对高学历工人的需求增加,以及雇主提供的医疗成本上升,抑制了为无学位人士提供的高薪工作的供应。结合句意表示"...的兴起"可知短语为the rise of。故填the。
⑦考查副词。句意:普林斯顿大学的凯斯和迪顿认为,劳动力市场的变化,包括自动化的兴起、对高学历工人的需求增加,以及雇主提供的医疗成本上升,抑制了为无学位人士提供的高薪工作的供应。修饰形容词educated应用副词highly,作状语。故填highly。
⑧考查介词。句意:普林斯顿大学的凯斯和迪顿认为,劳动力市场的变化,包括自动化的兴起、对高学历工人的需求增加,以及雇主提供的医疗成本上升,抑制了为无学位人士提供的高薪工作的供应。后跟代词those作宾语,表示"为了"应用介词for。故填for。
⑨考查名词的数。句意:这可能是酗酒和吸毒以及其他因绝望而死亡的原因。death.此处为可数名词,由other修饰应用复数形式。故填deaths。
⑩考查非谓语动词。句意:为了让美国人的总体寿命再次开始攀升,所有社会群体都需要改善,而不仅仅是少数特权阶层。分析句子结构可知start在句中应用非谓语动词形式,此处作目的状语,应用不定式。故填to start。