2022届高考英语语法专练（八）：定语从句（含答案）

022年高考英语语法针对型训练（八）：高频语法+定语从句
1. The best way to deal with sports injuries is to stop them happening in the first place. Knowing the rules of the game you’re playing and using the right ①_____ (equip) can go a long way towards preventing injuries. If you think you’ve been injured, pull ②_____ (you) out of the game or stop ③_____ (do) your activity or workout. Let a coach or parent know what happened in case you need to see a doctor. Athletes, ④_____ play contact sports like football, often suffer severe injury in head and neck. Keep the injured person still with his or her head ⑤_____ (hold) straight while someone calls for emergency ⑥_____ (medicine) help. If the person ⑦_____ (lie) on the ground, do not try to move him or her.
Your first question after a sports injury will ⑧_____ (probable) be, “When can I play again ” This depends on the injury and what your doctor tells you. Even if you can’t return to your sports right away, a doctor might have suggestions and advice ⑨_____ what you can do to stay fit. Always check with your doctor ⑩_____ trying any activity following an injury.
2. The Tianshan Tuomuer Grand Canyon is about 25 kilometers long from east to west and 20 kilometers wide from north to south. It consists of three main ①_____（valley）in the shape of the Chinese character "川".②_____（locate）in the northwest of Xinjang at the foot of Tuomur Peak, it is also known ③_____ "Kuduluk Grand Canyon", ④_____ means "hilling and mysterious "in Uygur（维吾尔语）. It is the only way to the ancient post road in the northern and southern Tianshan Mountains.
On June 21, 2013, the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang ⑤_____ (list) as a UNESCO World Natural Heritage Site. The area in which the Tuomur Grand Canyon lies is the ⑥_____ (large) among the four places in the Tianshan Mountains, ⑦_____ (account) for 59. 87 percent of the whole site.
With its red canyons set against the snow-capped mountains in the distance, the dreamlike landscape ⑧_____ (complete)makes visitors lost in the beautiful and impressive view of nature. At night, you can see the stars. Remember that the temperature difference there is very large. While wearing short sleeves at noon, evenings may require ⑨_____ down jacket and other warm clothes. There is no tour bus service, but visitors can drive to the canyon by ⑩_____ (they) or hire a bus Apart from it, Xinjiang is in possession of many appealing tourist spots, attracting a good number of visitors at home and abroad.
3. Bamboo is called“poor people's material" and even in China it is not ①_______(wide) accepted as a modern building material. But bamboo makes nearly the lightest houses, ②_______ is a lot better than“modern” materials at surviving earthquakes.
And unlike the “ Tofu”buildings that may ③_______ (destroy) in just several seconds in some earthquakes, bamboo makes a much ④_______ (safe) building. That is why it is suggested as a replacement( 替代品) by International Network for Bamboo and Rattan ( INBAR).
INBAR notes that ⑤_______ number of people who do not have safe and healthy shelter will increase with population growth if no proper action is taken.
Study shows that bamboo is excellent in ⑥_______ (strong) and is as strong as wood. Besides,because of the lightweight and good elasticity (弹性) of bamboo, bamboo buildings are very good at resisting( 抵抗) earthquakes. For example, all of the 30 bamboo houses ⑦_______ (survive) without any damage in the 7.6 magnitude earthquake in Costa Rica in 2012.
Ancient Chinese people preferred living in houses made ⑧_______ bamboo. In Yunnan Province, some locals sill live in bamboo homes which can protect ⑨_______ (they) from rain and wind. And in Zhejiang Province, where bamboo is plentiful, local officials have been encouraging architects ⑩_______ ( design) buildings using bamboo.
4. Like many other students, you may have various people, ①________(include) family members and friends, giving input on your college decision.
While many of your trusted relatives and peers (同龄人) may have very ②________ (value) advice that can help you to make the decision, finally the choice is yours and yours alone. Only you can fully realize which aspects of a college will make you truly happy and ③________ (satisfy), so keep that at the front of your mind.
Moreover, fully consider each option. It can be easy ④________ (let) a particular school become a front-runner early on ⑤________ your decision-making process, and it may even become the winning choice — but be sure to carefully evaluate every school ⑥________ has accepted you, since you had particular reasons for applying to each school.
Do keep ⑦________ open mind. Students can change majors, but remember that there's no reliving a certain semester(学期), and there's no making up for lost time. Don't go to a school ⑧________ (specific) for a high school relationship ⑨________ to make someone else happy. A ⑩________ (student) college experience is his or her own, and the student must put his or her education first.
5. Busy Colombians living in a city can be pressured. But there is a place for people to relieve stress in Bogota. ①_____(sit) at the top of Monserrate Hill, east of the city, the place is a protected park for hummingbirds. The area contains a forest that has turned into a peaceful and ②_____(harmony) world for both people and birds.
With the hummingbirds flying from flower to flower, some people study them through binoculars(双筒镜) and ③_____(other) take pictures with cameras or phones.
"Sometimes it doesn’t seem real because we are close to a city of eight million residents ④_____generate noise every day,” says Camilo Cantor, a caretaker in the park, whose job is to mix water and sugar and put it in bird feeders along a 300-meter path. "The park is ⑤_____(true) a special place, like an oasis(绿洲). It is a place where people can go ⑥_____(ease) stress, forget about troubles and get ⑦_____break from busy city life,” he added.
Ten years ago, the hill ⑧_____(destroy), mercilessly and completely, meaning there were no trees left on it. But workers began to replant local trees and flowers to bring the forest back ⑨_____life. Presently, visitors to the park can see over 100 species of birds there.
Hummingbirds can ⑩ _____(find) only on the American continent and Colombia is home to many different kinds.
6. "Du Fu: China’s Greatest Poet”, a 58-minute film released recently on BBC introduces Du Fu to the Western world for the first time ①_____ the form of documentary. In the film, Michael Wood, one of BBC’s most popular hosts, visited ②_____ number of Chinese cities to retrace Du’s steps. The documentary invited a well-known British actor Ian McKellen, ③_____ played Gandalf in The Lord of the Rings movies, ④_____(read) 15 of Du’s poems that have been translated into English.
Born in 712, Du Fu lived through the violent fall of China’s brilliant Tang Dynasty. He had the desire to serve his country, but his life ⑤_____(destroy) by the An Lushan Rebellion of 755. Of the many ⑥_____(poem) he wrote, 500 have been preserved over the ages. For generations he ⑦_____(be) the guardian of the moral conscience (良知) of the nation.
The documentary compared Du to Shakespeare to help audiences ⑧_____(well) understand the poet’s great achievements in literature. It also highlighted Chinese poetry, noting that its 3000-year-old history makes ⑨_____ the oldest poetry in the world.
Even today, people ⑩ _____(suffer) under COVID-19 are still inspired by Du Fu’s poems.
7. Just only fifteen years ①_____(early), getting from one city to another left travelers with very few choices. And now all of that ②_____(change) a lot.
Take taking a trip from Shanghai to Beijing as an example. For those under the pressures of the clock, ③_____ quickest and most convenient mode of travel would be the plane. New airports have sprung up in every major province, ④_____(open) up ways to go to areas of China, ⑤_____ are left unexplored by previous (先前的) foreign travels.
But if the price of planes is a bit high ⑥_____ if the fear of heights gets you down, taking a bullet train(动车) is a great way. The bullet railway is just ⑦_____(hard) longer than the plane trip and watching city and countryside views from the window is an experience in ⑧_____(it).
And the choices don't stop there. Why not take the wheel yourself Nowadays car rental is easy and inexpensive. The newly paved roads are welcoming and GPS systems are just as advanced(先进) ⑨_____ any international area. Take to the back-roads and explore the different ⑩_____(part) of the countryside, which have taken a great jump in living standards.
8. I love doing random acts of kindness, but lately, I’ve been pretty busy and have gotten out of the habit. ①_____, I got a completely random act of kindness sprung on me and it ②_____(total) surprised me. I’m 18 and I work full time. I was sitting at my desk, really ③_____(bore) and tired because it was about 3:00 in the afternoon when my coworker called me, ④_____ was weird because she was working in the room right next ⑤_____ me. "Come out in the parking lot," she shouted. I thought she ⑥_____(knock) over under a truck or something so I went ⑦_____(run) out and it turned out that one of my friends was standing in the parking lot with two Starbuck ⑧_____(drink) for me and my coworker and a couple of bags of candy including Cadbury Eggs which are ⑨_____(I) favorite!
I was ⑩_____ surprised and happy because I’d had a really bad day that I gave her at least five hugs! Sometimes something as simple as taking time out of your day and about 10 to 15 bucks can really help someone.
答案以及解析
1.答案：①equipment ②yourself③doing④who/that⑤held⑥medieal⑦lies/is lying⑧probably⑨about/on⑩before
解析：①考查名词，空前的right是形容词，因为形容词修饰名词，所以应用equip的名词形式，故填equipment.
②考查反身代词。根据"如果你认为你受伤了"，可知此处意为：让你自己从比赛中抽身出来。你自己的英语是yourself，故填yourself.
③考查非谓语。根据上文如果受伤可知，此处指停止正在做的活动.stop doing something意为"停止正在做的事情".故填doing.
④考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，横线后面是定语从句，修饰athletes，先行词是人，关系代词用who或者that作主语，句意：严重的头部和颈部的伤害经常发生在那些进行足球等接触性体育活动的运动员身上。故填who/that.
⑤考查非谓语.his or her head与动词hold之间是动宾关系，所以应用hold的过去分词形式表示被动关系，故填held.
⑥考查形容词。句子中的help是名词，修饰名词用形容词形式，所以应用medicine的形容词形式，故填medical.
⑦考查时态。如果那个人躺在地上，不要试图移动他。根据句子的意思，应该填一般现在时或者现在进行时，故填lies/is lying.
⑧考查副词。句意：你运动受伤后可能会问的第一个问题是。根据空后的系动词be可知应用probable的副词形式，故填probably.
⑨考查介词。句意：医生可能会给你一些关于如何保持健康的建议。关于的英语是om或者about.故填about/on.
⑩考查介词。根据常识可知，应该在尝试任何活动之前去咨询医生，在。之前的英语是before.故填before.
2.答案：①valleys②Located ③ as ④which ⑤was listed ⑥largest ⑦accounting ⑧completely ⑨a ⑩ themselves
解析： ①考查可数名词的复数。句意：它由"川"字形状的三个主要山谷组成。前面有大于一的数字，所以用复数名词，故填valleys。
②考查过去分词。句意：位于新疆西北部托木尔峰脚下，又称"库都鲁克大峡谷"，维吾尔语中意为"惊险，神秘"，是通往天山南北古驿道的必经之路。locate和句子主语之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语，故填Located.
③考查介词。句意：位于新疆西北部托木尔峰脚下，又称"库都鲁克大峡谷"，维吾尔语中意为"惊险，神秘"，是通往天山南北古驿道的必经之路。be known as被称之为，为固定搭配，故填as。
④考查非限制性定语从句。句意：位于新疆西北部托木尔峰脚下，又称"库都鲁克大峡谷"，维吾尔语中意为"惊险，神秘"，是通往天山南北古驿道的必经之路。先行词为物，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故填which.
⑤考查时态语态。句意：2013年6月21日，新疆天山被联合国教科文组织列为世界自然遗产。根据时间状语On June21,2013，可知描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态，list和主语之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，主语为专有名词the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang，故填was listed。
⑥考查形容词最高级。句意：托木尔大峡谷位于天山四大景区中面积最大，占整个景区的59.87%。前面有定冠词，表示"最大的"，所以用形容词最高级，故填largest。
⑦考查现在分词。句意：托木尔大峡谷位于天山四大景区中面积最大，占整个景区的59.87%。account for和主语之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词补充说明，故填accounting。.
⑧考查副词。句意：红色的峡谷映衬着远处白雪皑皑的山脉，梦幻般的风景完全让游客迷失在美丽而令人印象深刻的自然景色中。修饰动词，所以用副词，故填completely。
⑨考查冠词。句意：中午穿短袖，晚上可能需要一件羽绒服和其他保暖的衣服。泛指一个，所以用不定冠词，故填a。
⑩考查反身代词。句意：没有旅游巴士服务，但游客可以自己开车去大峡谷或租用巴士。指主语visitors，所以用反身代词themselves, by oneself单独，故填themselves。
3.答案：1. widely2. which3. be destroyed4. safer5. the6. strength7. survived8. of9. them10. to design
解析：
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了竹子的强度非常好,和木头一样结实,建议使用竹子设计建筑。
【小题1】考查副词。句意:竹子被称为“穷人的材料”,甚至在中国也没有被广泛接受为一种现代建筑材料。空后accepted"接受"为动词,副词可以修饰动词。故填widely。
【小题2】考查非限制性定语从句。句意:但竹子几乎是最轻的房子,比现代材料在地震中幸存要好得多。先行词是nearly the lightest houses,在非限制性定语从句中缺少主语,需要用which来引导。故填which。
【小题3】考查被动语态。句意:与在某些地震中可能在几秒钟内被摧毁的“豆腐建筑不同,竹子使建筑更加安全。在that引导的定语从句中,that指代先行词the “Tofu" buildings,先行词与谓语destroy是被动关系,又因空前有情态动词may,所以应该用情态动词may的被动结构may be done。故填be destroyed。
【小题4】考查形容词的比较级。句意:与在某些地震中可能在几秒钟内被摧毁的豆腐建筑不同,竹子使建筑更加安全。空前有much修饰,much修饰形容词的比较级。故填safer。
【小题5】考查冠词。句意:INBAR指出,如果不采取适当措施,没有安全健康住所的人数将随着人口增长而增加。固定短语the number of...的数量”。故填the。
【小题6】考查名词。句意:研究表明,竹子的强度非常好,和木头一样结实。固定搭配be excellent in“在……方面优秀”,介词in后应该填形容词strong的名词形式。故填strength。
【小题7】考查动词时态。句意:例如,在这7年中,30栋竹屋全部幸存下来,没有任何损坏。根据时间状语in 2012可知,句子的谓语应该用一般过去时。故填survived。
【小题8】考查介词。句意:古代中国人喜欢住在竹子做的房子里。固定搭配make of用......制造,能看出来用什么材料制造的用介词of。故填of。
【小题9】考查人称代词。句意:在云南省,一些当地人住在竹子房子里,这样可以保护他们免受风雨侵袭。空前是protect“保护"为动词,所以后应跟人称代词的宾格作宾语。故填them。
【小题10】考查非谓语动词。句意:在竹子丰富的浙江省,当地官员一直鼓励建筑师使用竹子设计建筑。固定短语encourage sb to do sth“鼓励某人做某事"。故填to design。
4.答案：including; valuable; satisfied; to let; in/during; that; an; specifically; or; student's
解析： 本文主要介绍了如何选择自己心仪的大学。
①考查介词。由语境可知,空处表示"包括……在内",应填介词including。
②考查形容词。空处修饰advice,应用形容词,由语境可知此处应填valuable,表示"宝贵的"。
③考查形容词。此处考查"make +宾语+宾补"结构,因宾语是you,应用形容词satisfied和happy并列。
④考查动词不定式。分析句子结构可知,此处考查句型"It + be + adj.+to do sth.",其中It是形式主语,不定式作真正的主语,故填to let。
⑤考查介词。根据语境可知,此处表示"在你的决策过程中",因此要用in/during。
⑥考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句,指代先行词school,并在从句中作主语,因先行词被every修饰,所以用关系代词that。
⑦考查冠词。keep an open mind"保持开放的心态",故填an。
⑧考查副词。空处表示"特意,专门地",故填specifically。
⑨考查连词。此处表示选择,意为"或者",故填or。
⑩考查名词所有格。空处修饰college experience,因此要用所有格形式student's,意为"一个学生的大学经历"。
5.答案：①Sitting ②harmonious ③others ④that/who ⑤truly ⑥to ease ⑦a ⑧was destroyed ⑨to ⑩be found
解析： ①考查现在分词。句意：这个地方坐落在城市东部的蒙塞拉特山顶上。St和句子主语之间是主动关系，故填sitting。
②考查形容词。句意：这个地区有一片森林。作定语修饰名词，故填harmonious。.
③考查固定搭配。句意：蜂鸟从一朵花飞到另一朵花，有些人用相机或手机拍照，others...一些……，为固定搭配，故填others。
④考查定语从句。句意：有时这似乎不是真的，先行词为人，故填who/that。
⑤考查副词。句意：这个公园真是个特别的地方。修饰动词，故填truly。
⑥考查不定式。句意：在这里人们可以缓解压力，从繁忙的城市生活中解脱出来，故填to ease。
⑦考查冠词。句意：在这里人们可以缓解压力，从繁忙的城市生活中解脱出来，所以用不定冠词，故填a。
⑧考查时态语态。句意：十年前，表示"被毁掉"，ago常和一般过去时态连用，故填was destroyed。
⑨考查固定搭配。句意：但工人们开始重新种植当地的树木和花卉。bring...back to life使。恢复生机，故填to。
⑩考查语态。句意：蜂鸟只有在美洲州大陆才能找到。表示"被发现"，前面有can，故填be found。
6.答案：①in ②a ③who ④to read ⑤was destroyed ⑥poems ⑦has been/is ⑧better ⑨it ⑩suffering
解析： ①考查介词。句意：第一次以纪录片的形式向西方观众介绍了杜甫。in the form of意为"以……的形式"，故填in.
②考查冠词。句意：拜访了许多中国城市以追溯杜甫的足迹.a number of许多，修饰可数名词的复数形式。故填a.
③考查定语从句。句意：该纪录片邀请到了曾在指环王系列电影中饰演甘道夫一角的英国著名演员伊恩·麦克莱恩来读15首已经译成英文的杜甫的诗。分析句子结构可知，空白处前句成分完整，后句缺少主语，有逗号隔开，应为非限制性定语从句，先行词Tan Mckellen是人名，应用关系代词who.故填who.
④考查不定式。句意：该纪录片邀请到了曾在指环王系列电影中饰演甘道夫一角的英国著名演员伊恩·麦克恩来读15首已经译成英文的杜甫的诗。分析句子可知，此处应为invite sb. to do sh.结构，意思是"邀请某人做某事"，动词不定式作宾语补足语，故填to read.
⑤考查时态和语态。句意：但他的生活被公元755年的安史之乱破坏了。分析句子可知，主语his life和所给谓语动词destroy.之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，且文章讲述发生在过去的事件，应用一般过去时，故填was destroyed.
⑥考查名词的数。句意：在杜甫写下的诸多诗篇中，只有500首流传至今。many后跟复数名词，故填poems.
⑦考查时态。句意：一直以来，杜甫都是中华民族道德良知的捍卫者。根据时间状语for generations可知，此处表示动作发生于过去并持续到现在，要用现在完成时，结合主语he，故填has been.
⑧考查副词比较级。句意：纪录片将杜甫与莎士比亚做比较以帮助观众们更好地理解杜甫在文学上的伟大成就。从句意上来看，纪录片通过比较的手段是为了帮助观众"更好“地理解，要用well的比较级better，故填better.
⑨考查代词。句意：指出中国诗歌以其3000年的历史成为了世界上现存最古老的诗歌。分析句子可知，动词make的含义是"使成为"，后面接复合宾语，the oldest living tradition of poetry in the world是宾语补足语，其宾语指代前面名词Chinese poetry，应用代词it代指，故填it.
⑩考查现在分词。句意：在一场采访中，导演甚至引用了杜甫的一句诗来鼓励正在新冠疫情下煎熬的人们。分析句子可知，这里suffer是非谓语动词，在句中作定语修饰名词people, suffer与people之间是主动关系，要用现在分词形式，故填suffering.
7.答案：①Its ②destinations ③for ④wider ⑤to say ⑥was ⑦which ⑧Unfortunately ⑨a ⑩considering
解析：①考查副词。句意:仅仅15年之前,从一个城市到另一个城市的旅客旅行选择。early"早;提早",earlier"早些时候;比...前",根据句意,表示"15年之前",用earlier符合语境,故填earlier。
②考查动词时态。句意:现在,所有一切都已经完全改变了。分析句子可知,此处表示过去发生的事情对现在造成的结果,用现在完成时,主语all of that表示单数,助动词应用has。故填has changed。
③考查冠词。句意:对于那些承受着时间压力的人来说,最快捷、最方便的旅行方式就是飞机。形容词的最高级前需加定冠词the。故填the。
④考查现在分词。句意:每个主要省份都出现了新的机场,开放了通往中国那些因以往的外国旅行而未被开发的地区的通道。分析可知,句子的谓语动词是have sprung up,故open用非谓语动词形式作状语,open up与逻辑主语airports是主动关系,故用现在分词作状语,故填opening。
⑤考查定语从句。句意:每个主要省份都出现了新的机场,开放了通往中国那些以往未被国外旅行开发地区的通道。分析可知设空处引导定语从句,先行词areas,从句中作主语,指物,引导非限制性定语从句用关系代词which,故填which。
⑥考查连词。句意:但如果飞机的价格有点高,或者恐高症让你情绪低落,乘动车是个不错的选择。根据句意,此处表示选择用连词or,故填or。
⑦考查副词。句意:动车几乎不比飞机旅行时间长,从窗口观看城市和乡村景色本身就是一种体验。结合句意,修饰形容词longer用副词作状语,根据句意,hardly"几乎不"符合语境,故填hardly。
⑧考查代词。句意:动车比飞机旅行时间长,从窗口观看城市和乡村景色本身就是一种体验。根据句意可知,此处为固定短语in itself"本质上,就其本身而言"。故填itself。
⑨考查介词。句意:新铺设的道路很受欢迎,GPS系统和任何国际地区一样先进。根据句意,此处是固定短语as...as...和"......一样"。故填as。
⑩考查名词。句意:走偏僻的路、探索农村的不同地区,这让那里的生活水平有了很大的提高。part"部分"是可数名词,由different修饰用复数,故填parts。
8.答案：①However ②totally ③bored ④which ⑤to ⑥had been knocked ⑦running ⑧drinks ⑨my ⑩so
解析：①考查副词。根据句意可知此处是转折关系,但是不缺少连词,所以要用副词However。故填However。
②考查副词。修饰动词surprised,所以要用副词。故填totally。
③考查形容词。此处修饰主语所以要用形容词,bored感到厌烦的。故填bored。
④考查定语从句。此处是一个非限制性定语从句,先行词是前面的句子,且在从句中做主语,所以要用which。故填which。
⑤考查介词。next to紧邻;在...近旁;故填to。
⑥考查过去完成时的被动。she和knock之间是被动关系,且knock的动作是在thought,之前,所以要用过去完成时,故填had been knocked。
⑦考查动名词。go+doing表示"去做某事",故填running。
⑧考查名词。根据前面的"two Starbucks"可知要用名词复数。故填drinks。
⑨考查代词。根据前面的"for me"可知是我的最爱。故填my。
⑩考查固定搭配。so...that如此...以至于,surprised是形容词,所以要用副词so。故填so。