2022届高考英语语法专练（七）：名词性从句（含答案）

2022年高考英语语法针对型训练（七）：高频语法+名词性从句
1. Lyu Yugang, director of the ministry's department of basic education, said 77.14 million parents were surveyed to find out ①_____ their children were getting enough sleep. A total of 76.2 percent of ②_____ (participate) said their children were getting the recommended sleep time of 10 hours a night for primary school students and nine hours for ③_____ in secondary school. Last year's survey found only about 40 percent of students were getting enough sleep, Lyu said.
In April, the ministry advised that a primary school student ④_____ (go) to bed before 9:20 pm, a middle school student before 10 pm and high school student before 11 pm. ⑤_____ (separate), 99.8 percent of primary and secondary schools have issued rules preventing students ⑥_____ (bring) smartphones to class and provided communication channels for students to contact their parents in an emergency, he said.
Luo Lin, a vice-principal of a school in Beijing, said, “Some students go to bed late not because they have heavy academic burdens, ⑦_____ because they are following the examples of their parents. While tough measures ⑧_____ (take) for months to limit the amount of time young students can spend ⑨_____ (play) online games to three hours a week, the students might waste time ⑩_____ short video platforms and parents need to act to prevent this.”
2. A simple badge(徽章) is playing an important role in helping lost seniors return home. By scanning a QR code on a plastic badge, anyone with a smartphone can reach the person’s emergency contact ①_____(immediate). "It’s efficient and ②_____(save) effort," said Li Caoliang, head of the Lei Feng police station in Fushun, Liaoning province.
The idea came to Li and his ③_____(colleague) four years ago when dealing with more than 200 lost seniors in a year. Some of the old people got lost because they had illnesses such as memory ④_____(lose) or Alzheimer’s. They couldn’t tell their identity, address or phone number. Sometimes, the officers had to spend hours ⑤_____(try) to figure out who to call from vague descriptions by the lost seniors. In some cases, the lost seniors had to stay overnight at the station before their families ⑥_____(contact). The number of lost seniors has dropped to around 30 a year since ⑦_____ the police developed came into use.
China has 264 million old people, accounting ⑧_____ 18.7 percent of its population according to its seventh population census ⑨_____(conduct) last year. Wang Jiajuan, ⑩_____ has long focused on improving public services for an aging society, says the innovative QR code ID helps guarantee the travel safety of seniors.
3. Qatar’s Mutaz Barshim and Italy’s Gianmarco Tamberi made the world weep when they shared their win at the Men’s High Jump, which was one of the most defining ①____ (moment) at this year’s Tokyo Olympics.
After ②____ (match) performances that led the pair to a tie, instead ③____ choosing a jump-off (加赛决胜负) as would usually be custom, Barshim asked the judge ④____ it was possible to share the gold medal. The judge agreed.
In ⑤____ (emotion) and joyful scenes that followed, the two embraced in a jump hug ― a scene ⑥____ has been called the “best moment of Tokyo 2020” on social media.
Speaking to the media, Barshim said, “I know for a fact that for the performance I did, I deserve that gold. He ⑦____ (do) the same thing, so I know he deserved that gold.” He added, “This is beyond sport. This is the message we deliver to ⑧____ young generation.” Meanwhile, Tamberi said, “Sharing with a friend was even more beautiful; it was just magical.”
Barshim later took to Twitter, where alongside posting a photo with him and Tamberi, he said, “What is ⑨____ (good) than one gold TWO!!” A win shared is ⑩____ (clear) a win made much sweeter.
4. Freedom above snow With the Tokyo Summer Olympics behind us, people are turning their eyes to the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games, ① will start in one month. Freestyle skier Gu Ailing, 18, looks to be one of the superstars of the event.
Born to an American father and a Chinese mother, Gu ②(decide) to compete for China in the 2022 Winter Olympics in June 2019. Just two months later, she bagged her first gold medal for China at the Australia New Zealand Cup. Her strength continued to grow as she won one bronze and two gold medals at the International Ski Federation(FIS)Snowboard and Freeski World Championships
③ March.
People say she is ④(talent). But Gu says that talent counted for(占据) "only 1 percent" of her wins, adding that her hard work is ⑤ matters. While going to school in San Francisco, Gu could only practice on weekends. She spent eight hours ⑥(go)to the ski hill and back, doing her homework on the way and making full use of her time at the hill ⑦(practice)skiing.
Gu said she wants to encourage more girls in China to try skiing and other extreme sports, many of which have only been known there for 20 years, according to the Olympics website. She said skiing gives her "⑧ (free) and creativity", especially when she perfectly controls her body and does tricks that others cannot do.
Now she ⑨ (prepare) for the Winter Olympics as a full-time athlete. "Of course, I want to win medals and even golds,"Gu said. "But what's ⑩ (important) is to bring out my my own style, enjoy the game and love the sport."
5. More than 200 types of delicacies(美食)from Fujian Province are making mouths water not only in China but across the world. ①_______ consumers like most are noodles boiled in bone soup served with peanut butter and wontons(馄饨) ②_______ (fill) with juicy meat in a sizzling(酷热的)soup.
Twenty years ago, Luo Guangcan, 59, from Xiamao township in the county, worked in a local shoe factory to make ③_______ living. Now, he earns a lot more by operating five restaurants ④_______ (serve) Shaxian delicacies in cities such as Beijing, Tianjing and so on.
He has developed these restaurants since 2007, and four years ago, ⑤_______ (open) his first overseas restaurant in Singapore. In recent years, the yearly profit from his business has reached more than 1 million yuan. He's planning ⑥_______ (expand) his business in Singapore, and he's also considering ⑦_______ (run) one in Malaysia, where there are many overseas Chinese.
Over 60,000 people --- ⑧_______ (most) farmers --- from Shaxian county have run restaurants across China serving Shaxian food since the 1980s, ⑨_______ locals traveled far to set up family-run outlets (店). There are now more than 88,000 such restaurants nationwide. And since mid-2018, Shaxian Snacks restaurants ⑩_______ (establish) in 62 countries and regions, including the United States, Japan, Australia, France and Portugal.
6. Antarctic scientists were left ①_______(astonish) when they discovered a unique creature at the bottom of the ocean, a documentary showed. The icy continent is ②_______ great interest to scientists as it is a totally unspoilt landscape ③_______ they can study the history of the earth and the effects of climate change. Thousands of scientists stay there, and they try to get a better idea of the icy continent’s past by ④_______ (dig) below the ice.
The team of scientists started a journey through the surrounding waters of Antarctica ⑤_______ (discover) some of the most unusual oceanic life known to man. Thankfully, cameras were around to catch one of the strangest moments, when leading scientist Andrew Stewart made an interesting discovery about snailfish (狮子鱼). Snailfish are ⑥_______ (poor) understood and Andrew may have found a new species. The sea ⑦_______ (have) a wide variety of fish to thrill biologists.
“⑧_______ surprises me is that there may be about 115 species of this snailfish there,” Andrew said, “this is why I came to Antarctica, seeing things like this. It’s just beyond words. We now have the whole ⑨_______ (family) of fish that are found nowhere else in the world except in the Southern Ocean. These are ⑩_______ (attract) animals.”
7. There are many factors ①_________(contribute) to a person's success in life. Whether he is at school or at work, a person is more likely to succeed if he is hard-working, honest, intelligent, responsible, and so on. But ②_________ all the possible characteristics that can affect one's success, I believe self-confidence to be the most important for the following reasons.
The first reason is that when a person has self-confidence he believes in ③_________ (he). He believes that he can and will succeed, and this gives him the courage ④_________ (try) new things. In order to be successful we ⑤_________ be willing to take some risks, so having self-confidence is very important. ⑥_________ reason is that a confident person rarely gives up. When he fails he tries again and again ⑦_________ he wins. The final reason is ⑧_________ confident people are not afraid to show off their achievements. This is not to say that they should (吹啸), but that they should ⑨_________ (confidence) accept the compliments (赞扬) of others. When their achievements ⑩_________ (notice) more by others at school or at work, they are more likely to succeed.
8. The best way to deal with sports injuries is to keep them from happening in the first place. Knowing the rules of the game you're playing and using the right ①_____(equip) can go a long way toward preventing injuries. If you think you've got ②_____(injure), pull yourself out of the game or stop doing your activity or workout. Let a coach or parent know what ③_____(happen) in case you need to see a doctor. Serious head and neck injuries occur most often in athletes ④_____ play body-contact sports like football. Keep the injured person still with his or her head ⑤_____(hold) straight while someone calls for emergency ⑥_____(medicine) help. If the person ⑦_____(lie) on the ground, do not try to move him or her.
Your first question after a sport injury will ⑧_____(probable) be, "When can I play again " This depends on the injury and ⑨_____ your doctor tells you. Even if you can't return to your sport right away, a doctor might have suggestions and advice on what you can do to stay fit. Always check with your doctor ⑩_____ trying any activity following an injury.
答案以及解析
1.答案： whether/if; participants; those; (should) go; Separately; bringing; but; have been taken; playing; on
解析：①考查宾语从句。句意:教育部基础教育司司长吕玉刚表示,共有7714万家长参与了调查,以了解孩子的睡眠是否充足。分析句子可知,空格处引导宾语从句,从句句意完整,成分齐全,根据句意,用whether或it弓导宾语从句,表示“是否”,符合语境,故填whether/if。
②考查名词。句意:总计76.2%的参与者说,他们的孩子每晚的睡眠时间达到了小学生的建议时间10小时,中学生的建议时间9小时。分析句子可知,空格处作介词of的宾语,应用名词形式,participate“参加”是动词,名词形式participant“参与者”符合句意,用复数,故填participants。
③考查代词。句意:总计76.2%的参与者表示,他们的孩子每晚的睡眠时间达到了小学生的建议时间10小时,中学生的建议时间9小时。分析句子可知,空格指代上文提到的名词复数students,此处特指“初中的学生”,用指示代词those,相当于the students,故填those。
④考查虚拟语气。句意:在4月教育部建议小学生就寝时间一般不晚于晚上9点20,初中生一般不晚于晚上10点,高中生一般不晚于23:00。advise后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气,从句谓语动词用should+动词原形,should可以省略,故填(should)go。
⑤考查副词。句意:另外,他说,99.8%的中小学发布规定,禁止学生带智能手机来上课,并为学生提供在紧急情况下联系家长的沟通渠道。根据句意,提示词修饰整个句子作状语,用副词形式,另外,句首单词首字母大写,故填Separately。
⑥考查非谓语动词。句意:另外,他说,99.8%的中小学发布规定,禁止学生带智能手机来上课,并为学生提供在紧急情况下联系家长的沟通渠道。prevent sb. from doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”,是固定短语,主动语态中from可以省略,根据句意,故填(from) bringing。
⑦考查连词。句意:北京一所学校的副校长罗林说,一些学生睡觉迟不是因为他们有沉重的学业负担,而是因为他们效仿他们的父母。not.…but.…“不是……而是……”,是固定搭配,故填but。
⑧考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意:尽管人们已经数月采取严厉措施将年轻学生每周玩网络游戏的时间限制在3个小时以内,但学生们可能会把时间浪费在短视频平台上,家长们需要行动起来防止这种情况发生。分析句子可知,take是while引导的状语从句谓语动词,由时间状语for months可知,用现在完成时,其主语measures与谓语动词take是被动关系,主语measures是复⑨考查非谓语动词。句意:尽管人们已经数月采取严厉措施将年轻学生每周玩网络游戏的时间限制在3个小时以内,但学生们可能会把时间浪费在短视频平台上,家长们需要行动起来防止这种情况发生。分析句子可知,“young students can spend ⑨_____(play) online games playing”是定语从句,省略了关系代词that, 修饰先行词the amount of time, spend some time doing sth.“花费时间做某事”是固定短语,play用动名词形式,故填playing。
⑩考查介词。句意:尽管人们已经数月采取严厉措施将年轻学生每周玩网络游戏的时间限制在个小时以内,但学生们可能会把时间浪费在短视频平台上,家长们需要行动起来防止这种情况发生。waste some time on sth.“浪费时间在……上”,是固定用法,故填on。
2.答案：①immediately ②saves ③colleagues ④loss ⑤trying ⑥were contacted ⑦what ⑧for ⑨conducted ⑩Who
解析：①考查副词。句意:通过扫描塑料徽章上的二维码,任何拥有智能手机的人都可以立即联系到此人的紧急联系人。修饰动词reach,应用副词。故填immediately。
②考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:"这样做既高效又省力,"辽宁省抚顺市雷锋派出所负责人李曹良说。根据前文It's可知,此处描述现在状况,用一般现在时,主语为It,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填saves。
③考查可数名词复数。句意:四年前当李和他的同事在一年内处理200多名失踪老人时,他们产生了这个想法。根据句意可知,"他的同事"是复数概念,应用名词复数。故填colleagues。
④考查不可数名词。句意:一些老年人迷路是因为他们患有诸如记忆力丧失或老年痴呆症之类的疾病。根据前文such as可知,此处应用lose的名词loss作介词宾语,memory loss"失忆"是固定短语。故填loss。
⑤考查动名词。句意:有时,警官们不得不花几个小时试着从迷路的老人们模糊的描述中找出该给谁打电话。spend...(in) doing sth"花费...做某事"是固定搭配。故填trying。
⑥考查时态语态。句意:在某些情况下,迷路的老人不得不在他们的家人联系之前在车站过夜。根据前文had可知,此处描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时,动词contact和主语families之间是被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态。主语为复数,主谓一致,故填were contacted。
⑦考查主语从句。句意:自从警方发明的东西投入使用以来,失踪老人的数量已经下降到每年30人左右。分析句子可知,since引导时间状语从句,设空处引导的是主语从句,作时间状语从句的主语,应用连接代词what引导从句,在从句中作宾语,意为"警方发明的东西"。故填what。
⑧考查介词。句意:根据去年进行的第七次人口普查,中国有2.64亿老年人,占人口的18.7%。account for"(数量、比例上)占"是固定搭配。故填for。
⑨考查过去分词。句意:根据去年进行的第七次人口普查,中国有2.64亿老年人,占人口的18.7%。非谓语动词conduct和所修饰的名词population census之间是被动关系,故用其过去分词作后置定语。故填conducted。
⑩考查非限制性定语从句。句意:长期致力于为老龄化社会改善公共服务的Wang Jiajuan表示,创新型二维码有助于保障老年人的出行安全。分析句子可知,此处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Wang Jiajuan,关系代词who引导从句,在从句中作主语,指人,应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
3.答案：①moments②matching③ of④whether/if⑤ emotional ⑥that/which⑦did⑧ the⑨better⑩clearly
解析：①考查可数名词的复数。句意：卡塔尔的穆塔兹：巴尔希姆和意大利的吉安马尔科。塔姆贝里在男子跳高比赛中分享了他们的胜利，这是今年东京奥运会上最典型的时刻之一，让世界为之落泪。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语"one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数"，意为"最……之一"，"moment'"意为"时刻"，为可数名词，复数形式为"moments"。故填moments。
②考查形容词。句意：在比赛中，两人的表现平分秋色，巴尔希姆问裁判是否有可能两人分享金牌而不是像通常习惯的那样选择加塞决胜负。分析句子可知，"performances"为名词，前面应用形容词修饰，"match"意为"相配，相同"，动词词性，"matching"意为"相同的"，形容词词性，在句中作定语。故填matching。
③考查固定短语。句意：在比赛中，两人的表现平分秋色，巴尔希姆问裁判是否有可能两人分享金牌，而不是像通常习惯的那样选择加赛决胜负。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语"instead of"，意为"而不是，代替"，空格处应用"of"。故填of。
④考查宾语从句。句意：在比赛中，两人的表现平分秋色，巴尔希姆问裁判是否有可能两人分享金牌，而不是像通常习惯的那样选择加赛决胜负。分析句子可知，句子为宾语从句，空格处单词引导从句，根据句意可知，应用"whether"或"if引导从句，意为"是否"。故填whether/if。
⑤考查形容词。句意：在接下来的激动和欢乐的场景中，两人拥抱在一起，在社交媒体上被称为"2020年东京最佳时刻"。分析句子可知，"scenes"为名词，前面应用形容词修饰，"emotion"意为"情绪"，名词词性，对应的形容词为"emotional"，意为"激动人心的"，在句中作定语。故填emotional。
⑥考查定语从句。句意：在接下来的激动和欢乐的场景中，两人拥抱在一起，在社交媒体上被称为"2020年东京最佳时核刻"。分析句子可知，句子为限制性定语从句，先行词为"scene"，指物，在从句中作主语应用关系代词"that"或"which"引导从句。故填that或which.
⑦考查时态。句意：他也做了同样的事，所以我知道他应得那块金牌。根据句意和句中"did"可知，句中指过去做了同样的事，应用一般过去时，动词要用过去式，"do"的过去式为"did"。故填did。
⑧考查冠词。句意：这超越了体育。这是我们向年轻一代传递的信息。根据句意可知，句中特指年轻的一代人，空格处应用定冠词"the"，表示特指。故填the。
⑨考查比较级。句意：巴尔希姆后来在推特上发了一张他和塔姆贝里的照片，他说："有什么比一枚金牌更好？两枚！！"分享的胜利显然是更甜蜜的胜利。根据句意和句中"than"可知，句子应用比较级，"good"意为好的"，形容词词性，对应的比较级为"better"。故填better。
⑩考查副词。句意：巴尔希姆后来在推特上发了一张他和塔姆贝里的照片，他说："有什么比一枚金牌更好？两枚！！"分享的胜利显然是更甜蜜的胜利。分析句子可知，空格处应用副词，在句中作状语，"clear"意为"明显的"，形容词词性，对应的副词为"clearly"，意为"明显地"。故填clearly。
4.答案：①which ②decided ③in ④talented ⑤what ⑥going ⑦to practice ⑧freedom ⑨is preparing ⑩more important
解析： ①考查定语从句引导词。句意：随着东京夏季奥运会的结束，人们开始把目光投向2022年北京冬季奥运会，这届奥运会将在五个月后开幕。分析句子可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games，先行词在从句中作主语，因此应使用关系代词which。故填which。
②考查时态。句意：出生在一个美国父亲和一个中国母亲家庭的谷爱凌，决定在2019年6月参加中国2022年冬季奥林匹克运动会。根据时间状语in June 2019可知，该句用一般过去时。故填decided。
③考查介词。句意：她的力量继续增长，在三月份的国际滑雪联合会滑雪锦标赛和Freeski世界锦标赛上，她获得了一枚铜牌和两枚金牌。根据下文March可知在三月用介词in。故填in。
④考查形容词。句意：人们说她很有才华。该空位于be动词后，应使用形容词talented，意为"有天资的"。故填talented。
⑤考查表语从句引导词。句意：但是谷说，天赋只占她胜利的"1%"，并补充说她的努力才是最重要的。分析句子可知，空出应使用what引导表语从句，并在从句中充当主语。故填what。
⑥考查动名词。句意：她花了八个小时往返于滑雪山上，在路上做作业，充分利用在山上的时间练习滑雪。spend time doing sth.为固定搭配，意为"花费时间做某事"。故填going。
⑦考查不定式。句意：她花了八个小时往返于滑雪山上，在路上做作业，充分利用在山上的时间练习滑雪。make full use of one's time to do sth.为固定句型，意为"充分利用某人的时间做某事"。故填to practice.
⑧考查名词。句意：她说，滑雪给了她"自由和创造力"，尤其是当她完美地控制自己的身体，并做出其他人做不到的动作时。根据空后的"and creativity"可知，该空应使用free的名词freedom（自由），freedom和creativity共同作gives 的宾语。故填freedom。
⑨考查时态。句意：现在她作为一名全职运动员正在为冬奥会做准备。根据Now可知，该句用现在进行时be doing，be动词用在she之后，应使用is。故填is preparing。
⑩考查形容词比较级。句意："但更重要的是展现我自己的风格，享受比赛，热爱运动。"根据语境，该空应使用important的比较级形式more important（更重要的）。故填more important。
5.答案：1. What2. filled3. a4. serving5. opened6. to expand7. running8. mostly9. when10. have been established
解析：
这是一篇说明文。讲述罗光灿让沙县小吃走向全国和走向世界。
【小题1】考查主语从句。句意:消费者最喜欢的是骨头汤煮的面条,配花生酱和热气腾腾装着多汁肉的馄饨。分析句子结构可知,空处引导主语从句,从句缺少宾语,需用连接代词what引导。位于句首,首字母需大写。故填What。
【小题2】考查非谓语。句意见上题解析。根据句型分析可知,此空fill应填非谓语结构形式作定语,且fill与前面wontons为被动关系,所以应填过去分词。故填filled。
【小题3】考查冠词。句意:20年前,59岁的Luo Guangcan来自该县夏茅镇,他在当地一家鞋厂工作谋生。根据句型分析可知,make a living表谋生”,为动词固定短语搭配。故填a。
【小题4】考查非谓语。句意:现在,他在北京、天津等城市经营五家提供沙县美食餐的厅,赚了很多钱。根据句型分析可知,此空serve应填非谓语结构形式作定语,且serve.与前面restaurants为主动关系,所以应填现在分词。故填serving。
【小题5】考查时态。句意:他从2007年开始开这些餐厅,四年前,他在新加坡开设了第一家海外餐厅。根据句型和句意可知,此空应填谓语动词主动结构形式,且four years ago可推断应用过去时态。故填opened。
【小题6】考查非谓语。句意:他计划在新加坡拓展业务。根据句意可知,plan to do表"计划做某事”,为固定短语搭配。故填to expland。
【小题7】考查非谓语。句意:他还考虑在马来西亚开办一家餐馆,那里有很多华侨。根据句意可知,condsider doing sth表“考虑做某事",为固定动词短语搭配。故填running。
【小题8】考查副词。句意:自20世纪80年代以来,来自沙县的6万多人(大部分是农民)在中国各地经营着提供沙县食品的餐馆。根据句意可知,此处most应变为mostly,表“大部分地,大多数地”,为副词。故填mostly。
【小题9】考查定语从句。句意:在当时,当地人远道而来建立家庭经营的商店。根据句型结构分析可知,这是非限制性定语从句,从句中缺状语,先行词是1980s。故填when。
【小题10】考查时态语态。句意:自2018年年中以来,沙县小吃店已在美国、日本、澳大利亚、法国和葡萄牙等62个国家和地区成立。根据句型结构和句意分析可知,此空应填谓语动词且与主语Shaxian Snacks restaurants为被动关系,since mid-2018是现在完成时的标志。故填have been established。
6.答案：1. astonished2. of3. where4. digging5. to discover6. poorly7. has8. what9. families10. attractive
解析：
这是一篇说明文。南极是一片完全未被破坏的冰封大陆,这对研究地球的历史和气候变化带来的影响非常重要。科学家在南极海域的冰下发现了一些不为人类所知道的物种,例如狮子鱼,这些物种只存在于南极,这让科学家们感到非常兴奋。
【小题1】考查形容词。句意:一部纪录片显示,当南极科学家在海底发现一种独特的生物时,他们震惊了。分析句子可知,此处应用形容词作宾补,leave sb.+adj意思是让某人处于什么状态',再结合语境可知,此处意为“感到震惊的”,修饰形容人,故应用v-ed形式的形容词astonished。故填astonished。
【小题2】考查介词。句意:科学家们对这片冰封的大陆非常感兴趣,因为它是一片完全未受破坏的土地,他们可以在这里研究地球的历史和气候变化的影响。be of+adj.+n.一该名词的形容词形式,be of great interest-be very interesting,固定搭配,符合题意。故填of。
【小题3】考查定语从句。句意:科学家们对这片冰封的大陆非常感兴趣,因为它是一片完全未被破坏的土地,他们可以在这里研究地球的历史和气候变化带来的影响。分析句子可知,设空处引导定语从句,关系词代替先行词landscape,在从句中充当地点状语应用关系副词where。故填where。
【小题4】考查动名词。句意:成干上万的科学家呆在那里,在冰下挖掘,以了解这片冰封大陆的过去。分析句子可知,此处应用非谓语动词作宾语,前面有介词by,后面接动名词作宾语,构成介宾结构。故填digging。
【小题5】考查动词不定式。句意:科学家小组开始了一次穿越南极洲周围水域的旅行,以发现一些人类已知的最不寻常的海洋生物。根据句意可知,此处表目的用动词不定式to do,作目的状语。故填to discover。
【小题6】考查副词。句意:人们对狮子鱼知之甚少,安德鲁可能已经发现了一个新物种。此处修饰动词understood用副词形式作状语。故填poorly。
【小题7】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:海洋中有各种各样的鱼类,生物学家们为此感到兴奋。主语the sea,泛指海洋,谓语动词用单数形式,结合上下文,时态为一般现在时。故填has。
【小题8】考查主语从句。句意:让我惊讶的是,那里可能有大约l15种这种狮子鱼,“安德鲁说。分析句子结构,surprises me缺少主语,又要引导主语从句,what什么,可以在从句作主语,又可引导主语从句,符合句子结构的需要。故填what。
【小题9】考查名词复数。句意:我们现在有了全世界除了南大洋以外其它地方都找不到的鱼类家族。根据句意可知,此处表达“不止一个鱼类家族',family应该用复数形式。故填families。
【小题10】考查形容词。句意:这些是有吸引力的动物。分析句子结构,此处修饰后面名词animals,应该用形容词形式作前置定语, attractive 有吸引人的,符合题意。故填attractive。
7.答案：contributing; of; himself; to try; must; Another; until/till; that; confidently; are noticed
解析：本文是一篇议论文,论述了促进成功的诸多因素中自信最重要的三大理由。
①考查谓语动词 factors与contribute to之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,所以应用现在分词短语做定语修饰factors。
②考查介词。of all...是固定搭配,表示“在所有……中”。
③考查代词。believe in表示“信任”。结合提示词可知此处应用反身代词表示相信自己。
④考查非谓语动词。此处应用动词不定式短语做定语。the courage to do sth.表示“做某事的勇气”。
⑤考查情态动词。为了成功,我们必须甘愿冒一些风险。
⑥考查限定词。The first reason... Another reason... The final reason...用于列举三大理由。
⑦考查连词。until/till用于肯定句表示“直到……为止”。
⑧考查表语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处应用that 引导表语从句。
⑨考查副词。修饰动词应用副词。
⑩考查时态和语态。结合语境可知,此处应用一般现在时,又因为notice与achievements之间为动宾关系。故用are noticed。
8.答案：①equipment ②injured ③happened ④who/that ⑤held ⑥medical ⑦lies/is lying ⑧probably ⑨what ⑩before
解析：①考查名词。句意:懂得一些你正在参加的运动的规则并且使用合适的装备有助于预防伤害的发生。形容词应修饰名词,意为"设备;装备"。equipment为不可数名词。故填equipment。
②考查过去分词。此处是get done结构,表示被动意义,get injured受伤。句意:如果你认为自己受伤了,就退出比赛或者停止活动或锻炼。故填injured。
③考查动词的时态,句意:让教练或父母知道刚才发生的事情。根据句意是刚才发生的事情,用一般过去时。故填happened。
④考查定语从句。句意:严重的头部和颈部伤害通常发生在做像踢足球这样的接触性运动的运动员身上。设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词athletes,指人,关系代词在从句中作主语,故填who/that。
⑤考查过去分词。句意:在某人打电话寻求紧急医疗救助时,让受伤人员保持不动,头部保持平直。在"with+宾语+宾补"结构中,如果宾语与补语之间为被动关系,则补语用过去分词形式,表示头部被托住。故填held。
⑥考查形容词。句意:见上一题解析。修饰名词应用形容词,意为"医学的;医疗的"。故填medical。
⑦考查动词的时态。句意:如果伤员躺在地上,不要挪动他(她)。根据主句为祈使句可知,从句可用一般现在时,也可用现在进行时表示当时的状态。故填lies/is lying。
⑧考查副词。句意:运动受伤后你的第一个问题可能是:"我什么时候能重新运动 "修饰动词应用副词,故填probably。
⑨考查宾语从句。句意:即使你不能马上回归运动场,医生也会就如何保持健康给你一些建议。分析句子结构可知,此处为宾语从句,又由从句中tell后缺少宾语可知,应用what引导,故填what。
⑩考查连词的用法。句意:受伤后,在尝试任何活动之前,都要和你的医生核实一下。故填before。