2022届高考英语语法专练（五）：非谓语动词（含答案）

022年高考英语语法针对型训练（五）：高频语法+非谓语动词
1. One of the ways that early Chinese immigrant laborers who were held on the Angel Island in the US protested their ill treatment ①_____(be) to write and carve poetry on their camp walls. The poems were almost lost to history until a former California state park ranger discovered them in 1970 when the park service was planning ②_____ (tear) down the building and reconstruct the site. With the news of the discovery ③_____ (spread) rapidly, their descendants, volunteer professionals and students launched a nationwide campaign to preserve the camps and the poems ④_____ (carve) within them.
Since the 1970s, various efforts ⑤_____ (make) to preserve the poems. Today, more than 200 have been discovered and documented. ⑥_____ majority of the poets were male villagers, often with little formal education, from China's ⑦_____ (south) rural regions. Most of their poems follow the Chinese classic poetic forms with even numbers of lines: four, five, or seven characters per line; and every other two lines in rhyme.
I had read the poems and about their history, but it was not until I visited the site of the camps in 2016 and saw those carvings on the walls ⑧_____ I could deeply appreciate the laborers' anger, frustration, and desperation. I can only imagine the ⑨_____ (hard) they suffered on the isolated island upon arriving at the so-called promising land ⑩_____ which they had long dreamed.
2. Located next to the Chishui River, Bing’an, an ancient town in Guizhou Province, used to be an important gateway between Sichuan and Guizhou during the Ming and Qing dynasties. In addition to the ①_______(new)constructed suspension bridge, only boats could make the town ②_______ (access). This heritage(遗产)of inconvenient transportation has preserved the town’s traditional culture and structures so far.
③_______ was difficult to find an area of flat land to build residents’ houses because the town ④_______ (found)in a mountainous region many years ago. However, locals quickly adopted existing technologies, such as stilted(吊脚)houses with wooden frames, to satisfy basic military ⑤_______ economic needs. If viewed from across the river on the highway, a large number of three-to-five storey houses ⑥_______ (support) by hundreds of logs(原木)can be seen. There ⑦_______ (be)four stone gates on each side of the town, making Bing’an more a solid castle ⑧_______ a town.
The new suspension bridge spans the Chishui River. Standing in the middle part of the bridge, ⑨_______ (visit)may get an overall view of Bing’an town and the high mountains around. It is the best location to take photos.
Along the bluestone pieces covered with moss, the old buildings shaded by woods take people back in time to ancient China. ⑩_______ (record)the history of the town, the old houses and walls look like faded pictures.
3.The Miracle of Love
A college professor had his sociology class go into slums（贫民窟）to get case histories (个案史) of 200 young boys. They were asked to write an ①_____ (evaluate) of each boy's future.
In every case the students wrote, “He hasn't got ②_____ chance.” Twenty-five years later another sociology professor came across the ③_____ (early) study. He had his students follow up on the project to see ④_____ had happen to these boys. With the exception of 20 boys who ⑤_____ (move) away or died, the students learned that 176 of the ⑥_____ (remain) 180 had achieved more than ordinary success as lawyers, doctors and businessmen. The professor was ⑦_____ (shock) and decided to pursue the matter further.
⑧_____ (fortunate), all the men were in the area and he was able to ask each one, “How do you account ⑨_____ your success？”In each case the reply came with feeling, “There was a teacher.” The teacher was still alive, so he sought her out and asked the old but still alert (思维敏捷的) lady what magic formula（方法）she had used ⑩_____ (pull) these boys out of the slums into successful achievement. The teacher's eyes sparkled and her lips broke into a gentle smile.
“It's really very simple,” she said. “I loved those boys.”
4. Each time I take the underground I find myself ①________(surround) by dozens of passengers playing smartphones. They almost won't even give a glance at the outside world. You may think it is normal to play smartphones ②________ (kill) time. What's worse, when I talk with some of my friends, they talk as playing, ③________ is really an annoyance.
I really miss the old days when I ④________ (chat) with some passengers on the train. Now things are different. Everyone just concentrates ⑤________ their smartphones. When talking with them, ⑥________ seems that you are disturbing their playing smartphones. I could not just blame them for I am moving to be one like them. Sometimes I just feel we ⑦________ (large) ignore our neighbors and want to keep in touch with ⑧________ (distance) strangers through the Internet. We care about the things far away but pay no attention to the needs nearby. ⑨________ ridiculous the situation is! In a way we ⑩________ (control) by smartphones . Are you experiencing the same situation like me Do you have any ways to avoid that
5. The National Center for Health Statistics of the United States found a significant rise ①_________ the number of severe obesity (肥胖)cases in very young children aged 2 to 5.
In an effort to end unhealthy food habits and raise an awareness of proper nutrition, Roberta Falah, an Ohio entrepreneur (企业家),launched her snack bar company ②_________ (call) Cure in June 2016.
③_________ idea came to her when she was teaching at school. “I would watch my students come into the classroom ④_________ (eat) chips. Anytime I asked them why they ate so poorly, a very common ⑤_________ (respond) was “Healthy food just doesn't taste good”, Falah recalls.
With some creative ideas in her mind, Falah started experimenting on a unique recipe ⑥_________ ingredients include nuts, seeds and honey. Finally, she created some organic healthy bars, making ⑦_________ possible to put her ideas into practice. Her business took off soon and now she meets four to six thousand orders a month.
In fact, Falah doesn’t just want to change people’s health but also to relief hunger. “We have a mission behind the company: With every bar ⑧_________ (sell), we will donate a bar to the homeless. We are ⑨_________ (actual) donating a percentage of our profits to reducing world hunger. We ⑩_________ (give) help to over 200,000 people in the US and abroad in the past four years,” Falah said in a TV interview.
6. A 13-year study of early childhood development ①_________(make) by Harvard University has shown that, by the age of three, most children have the big potential ②_________ (understand) about 1,000 words-most of the language they will use in ordinary conversation for the rest of their lives.
Furthermore, research has shown that while every child is born with a natural curiosity, it can decline ③_________ (great) during the second and third years of life. Researchers say that the human personality ④_________ (form) during the first two years of life, and during the first three years children learn the basic skills they will use in all their later learning both at home ⑤_________ school.
⑥_________ is generally acknowledged that young people from poorer socio-economic backgrounds tend to do less well in our education system. As a result of the research evidence of the ⑦_________ (important) of the first three years of a child's life, a pilot programme ⑧_________ focused on parents as the child's first teachers started in the US. As the programme shows, working with the family, rather than bypassing the parents, ⑨_________ (be) the most effective way of ⑩_________ (help) children get off to the best possible start in life.
7. Since Chinese archaeologists ①_________(make)public some of the newly unearthed artifacts(史前古物器)on Saturday, they have found six new sacrificial pits(祭祀坑) and unearthed more than 500 items ②_________ (date) back about 3,000 years at the Sanxingdui Ruins.
The pits are rectangular(矩形的), ③_________ areas ranging between 3.5 square meters and 19 square meters. So far, archaeologists have unearthed ④_________ (vary) cultural relics from four of the pits, including pieces of gold masks, gold foil, bronze masks, bronze trees, ivory and jade. ⑤_________ rest of the newly discovered pits are still under excavation(挖掘).
⑥_________ (recognize)as one of the most important ancient ⑦_________ (remain) found in the 20th century, the 3000-year-old Sanxingdui in southwest China’s Sichuan Province is a treasure house buried with a ⑧_________ (collect) of pottery, jade, bronze and gold wares. ⑨_________ astonished the archaeologists most about this gold mask is its large size: 23 centimeters wide and 28 centimeters high. It’s ⑩_________ (basic)the same size as the head sculptures from the same pit.
The discoveries have shown the distinctiveness of the Shu civilization and the diversity of the Chinese civilization.
8. People have lived in cities for thousands of years. Yet even just 100 years ago, more People ①________(live) in the country than in cities. Today, with the population in the world ②________ (increase) sharply, more people move to cities for various ③________ (reason). For many it is for work or education. Some are ④________ (simple) attracted to city life. By the year 2030, it is though, ⑤________ more than sixty percent of the world's population will be living in cities. More and more cities will become megacities(特大城市), and they will ⑥________ (find) in different parts of the world.
Maybe one megacity is not the same as another ⑦________ they do have common problems, such as air ⑧________ (pollute), housing problems, traffic jams and so on. Making these cities work well for every person living in them will be ⑨________ great challenge in the future. However, we do believe when people work together, they can find solutions which will help make these megacities happy, healthy and ⑩________ (excite) places to live in.
答案以及解析
1.答案： was; to tear; spreading; carved; have been made; The; southern; that; hardships; of
解析：①考查时态与主谓一致。句意:被关押在美国天使岛的早期中国移民劳工抗议他们受到虐待的方式之一是在营地墙壁上写诗和刻诗。本句的主语是one是单数,再根据句中“early Chinese immigrant labors'”可知,抗议发生的时间是过去,阐述的是过去的事实,be动词用一般过去时单数形式was。故填was。
②考查非谓语动词。句意:这些诗几乎已成为历史,直到1970年,一名前加利福尼亚州公园管理员发现了它们,当时公园管理局正计划拆毁这座建筑并重建遗址。固定短语plan to do sth.意为“计划做某事”,动词不定式to tear作plan的宾语。故填to tear。
③考查非谓语动词。句意:随着发现的消息迅速传播,他们的后代、志愿者专业人士和学生发起了一场全国性的运动,以保护营地和营地内雕刻的诗歌。根据“with+宾语+补语”的复合结构,spread与逻辑主语news之间是主动关系,故要用现在分词形式spreading作宾语补足语。故填spreading。
④考查非谓语动词。句意:随着发现的消息迅速传播,他们的后代、志愿者专业人士和学生发起了一场全国性的运动,以保护营地和营地内雕刻的诗歌。分析句子结构可知,carve与逻辑主语poems之间是被动关系,故要用过去分词形式carved作定语,修饰poems。故填carved。
⑤考查时态、被动语态和主谓一致。句意:自20世纪70年代以来,人们做出了各种努力来保护这些诗歌。根据“Since the 1970s”,说明make的时间是从二十世纪七十年代至今,使用现在完成时,主语efforts是复数形式,且和谓语动词make之间是被动关系,谓语动词应用被动语态形式;综上分析,此处用现在完成时的被动语态的复数形式have been made。故填have been made。
⑥考查冠词。句意:大多数诗人都是来自中国南部农村地区的男性村民,通常没有受过什么正规教育。短语the majority of意为“……的大多数”;分析句意,此处特指“诗人中的大多数(是来自中国南部农村地区的男性村民)”,majority前应该用定冠词the,位于句首,首字母大写。故填The。
⑦考查形容词。句意:大多数诗人都是来自中国南部农村地区的男性村民,通常没有受过什么正规教育。名词south的形容词形式southern意为“南部的”,修饰名词rural regions作定语。故填southern。
⑧考查强调句。句意:我读过这些诗,也读过它们的历史,但直到2016年我参观了营地的遗址,看到墙上的雕刻,我才深深体会到工人们的愤怒、沮丧和绝望。分析句子结构可知,这是一个强调句。根据句意及强调句结构可知,本句使用强调句来突出not until I visited the site of the camps in 2016 and saw those carvings on the walls, 应该用that引导强调句型。填that。
⑨考查名词的数。句意:我只能想象,当他们到达他们梦寐以求的所谓的光明之地时,他们在孤岛上所遭受的苦难。此处名词hardships意为“困苦,苦难”,是可数名词,此处用复数形式hardships,泛指在孤岛上所遭受的苦难。故填hardships。
⑩考查介词。句意:我只能想象,当他们到达他们梦寐以求的所谓的光明之地时,他们在孤岛上所遭受的艰辛。这是一个介词+关系代词引导的定语从句,短语dream of意为“梦见,梦想”,因此,关系代词which前应该加介词of。故填of。
2.答案：1. newly2. accessible3. It4. was founded5. and 6. supported7. are8. than9. visitors10. Recording
解析：
1.newy【解析】考查副词。本句中修饰过去分词constructed,newly constructed意为“新建的”。
2.accessible【解析】考查形容词。形容词作宾补。本句句意:除了新建的吊桥外,这个城镇只有靠乘船才能到达。
3.It【解析】考查代词。此处It在固定句型It is adj. to do sth中作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的动词不定式短语。
4.was founded【解析】考查时态语态。谓语动词与主语之间为被动关系,且根据时态一致原则可知,此处动词应该使用一般过去时的被动形式。
5.and【解析】考查连词。分析句子结构可知,此空连接两个并列的成分,military和economic。本句句意:然而,当地人很快采用了现有的技术,如搭建木结构吊脚楼,以满足基本的军事和经济需求。
6.supported【解析】考查非谓语动词。本句为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰houses且与之构成逻辑上的动宾关系,故使用其过去分词形式。
7.are【解析】考查谓语动词。there be句型中应该使用就近一致原则,其主语为four stone gates,且叙述客观事实,故使用are。
8.than【解析】考查介词。more...than...为固定搭配,意为“不是…,而是…;与其说…,倒不如说…”。本句句意:小镇两侧各有四扇石门,与其说是一座城镇,不如说是一座坚固的城堡。
9.visitors【解析】考查名词。站在桥的中间,游客可以看到Bing'an镇和周围山脉的全景。
10.Recording【解析】考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词作状语,且与逻辑主语the old houses and walls为主谓关系,故使用其现在分词形式。
3.答案：①evaluation ②a ③earlier ④what ⑤had moved ⑥remaining ⑦shocked ⑧Fortunately⑨for⑩to pull
解析：①考查名词。由句意可知，他们被要求对每个男孩的未来写一份评价，故此处应该使用其名词形，式evaluation。
②考查不定冠词。根据语境可知，此处应用不定冠词，意思是“他没有机会”。
③考查形容词的比较级，这里应该用形容词的比较级形式，表示“更早的那个研究”。
④考查名词性从句。根据语境可知，他让他的学生继续研究这个项目，看看这些男孩到底出了什么事。故what引导宾语。
⑤考查动词时态。根据语境可知“move”所表示的动作发生在过去的过去，因此这里应使用过去，完成时。
⑥考查现在分词作定语。由语境可知，这里用现在分词形式作定语，修饰后边的180。
⑦考查非谓语动词的过去分词形式作表语。设空处与空前的was构成系表结构，且主语是The professor，因此此处应填shocked。
⑧考查副词。根据语境可知，此处表示“幸运的是”，故应使用副词形式Fortunately。
⑨考查介词。account for为固定搭配，意思是“解释”，本句意思：你如何解释你的成功？
⑩考查非谓语动词不定式作目的状语。句意：她用了什么神奇的方法把这些男孩从贫民窟拉出来，取得了成功。故填to pull。
4.答案：1.surrounded 2. to kill 3.which 4.chatted 5.on^ 6.it 7 largely 8.distant 9. How 1 0.are controlled
解析： ①考查非谓语动词。句意：每次我乘坐地铁，我发现自己被几十名玩智能手机的乘客包围。固定结构：find+宾语+宾语补足语此处myself和surround之间是被动关系，是过去分词作宾语补足语，故答案为surrounded。
②考查非谓语动词。句意：你可能认为玩智能手机来消磨时间很正常。此处t是形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。故答案为to kill。
③考查定语从句。句意：更糟糕是，当我和我的一些朋友聊天时，他们边聊天边玩，这真的很烦人。本句为非限定性定语从句，指代前面一句话，所以用关系代词which引导。故答案为which。
④考查时态。句意：我很怀念以前在火车上和一些乘客聊天的日子。结合句意可知此处指过去的事情，所以句子用一般过去时态，故答案为chatted。
⑤考查固定词组，句意：每个人都只专注于他们的智能手机。固定词组：concentrate on“集中精力于”，故答案为on。
⑥考查固定句式。句意：与他们交谈时，你似乎打扰了他们玩智能手机。固定句式：it seems that…“似乎，好像”，故答案为it。
⑦考查副词。句意：有时我只是觉得我们很大程度上忽视了邻居，想通过互联网与远方的陌生人保持联系此处ignore"忽视"是动词，由副词来修饰，故答案为largely。
⑧考查形容词。句意：有时我只是觉得我们很大程度上忽视了邻居，想通过互联网与远方的陌生人保持联系。此处strangers是名词，由形容词来修饰，故答案为distant。
⑨考查感叹句。句意：这种情况多么可笑啊！这是一个感叹句，此处ridiculous是形容词，用how来修饰，故案为How。
⑩考查语态。句意：在某种程度上，我们现在被智能手机控制着。此处指目前的一种事实，且谓语动词和句子主语we之间是一种被动关系，所以用一般现在时态的被动语态，故答案为are controlled。
5.答案：1. in 2.called 3. The 4. eating 5.response 6. whose 7. it 8. sold 9. actually 10. have given
解析： ①考查介词。句意：美国国家健康统计中心发现，在2到5岁的幼儿中，严重肥胖病例的数量显著增加。a rise in，在某方面的增长，所以填in。
②考查非谓语动词。句意：为了戒掉不健康的饮食习惯，提高人们对合理营养的认识，俄亥俄州企业家Roberta Falah于2016年6月创办了自己的小吃店Cure。分析句子结构，②______（call）Cure用作后置定语，修饰名词短语snack bar company, call和snack bar company）之间是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语，所以填called。
③考查冠词。句意：她在学校教书时想到了这个主意。特指"创办小吃店Cure"这个主意，用定冠词，句子第一个单词首字母大写，所以填The。
④考查非谓语动词。句意：我看着我的学生吃着薯条，走进教室。分析句子结构，④_____（eat）chips.在句中用作伴随状语，eat与其逻辑主语students，之间是主动关系，用现在分词，所以填eating。
⑤考查名词。句意：Falah回忆说，每当我问他们为什么吃这么不好的垃圾食品时，一个非常普遍的回答是“健康食品就是不好吃”。分析句子结构，该空作句子主语，用名词，前面有不定冠词修饰，用名词单数，所以填response。
⑥考查定语从句。句意：有了一些创意，Falah开始试验一种独特的食谱，其原料包括坚果、种子和蜂蜜。分析句子结构，⑥_____ Lingredients include nuts, seeds and honey.是一个定语从句，修饰先行词recipe，关系词在从句中作定语，用关系代词whose引导该从句，所以填whose。
⑦考查形式宾语。句意：最后，她制作了一些有机健康棒，使她的想法得以付诸实践。分析句子结构，不定式to put her ideas into practice，是making真正的宾语，放在句未，前面需要使用形式宾语，所以填it。
⑧考查非谓语动词。句意：每卖出一根，我们就会捐赠一根给无家可归的人。这里是"with+宾语+宾补"的复合结构，"every bar"和"sell"之间是被动关系，用过去分词作宾补，所以填sold。
⑨考查副词。句意：我们实际上是把一部分利润捐献来减少世界饥饿。该空修饰动词donating，用副词，所以填actually。
⑩考查时态。句意：过去四年，我们向国内外20多万人提供了帮助。根据时间状语in the past four years，可知用现在完成时，主语We是复数，谓语动词用复数，所以填have given。
6.答案：1. made 2.to understand 3.greatly 4. is formed 5. and 6. It 7. importance 8.that/which 9.is 10. helping
解析： ①考查非谓语动词。句意：哈佛大学进行的一项为期13年的儿童早期发展研究表明，到3岁时，大多数儿童具有理解大约1000个单词的巨大潜力—这是他们在以后的生活中会在日常对话中使用的大部分语言。分析句子结构，已有谓语动词has shown，空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词study，二者为逻辑上的动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填made。
②考查非谓语动词。句意同上。修饰名词potential，用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to understand。
③考查副词。句意：此外，研究表明，虽然每个孩子天生就有好奇心，但在二、三岁的时候，好奇心会大大减弱。修饰动词decline，需填副词greatly作状语。故填greatly。
④考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：研究人员说，人的个性是在两岁前形成的，在三岁前，孩子们学会了他们以后在家里和学校里所学到的基本技能。根据say可知，此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语the human personality和form为被动关系，且谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填is formed。
⑤考查连词。句意同上。both...and...为固定短语，意为“两者都”。故填and。
⑥考查代词。句意：人们普遍认为，社会经济背景较差的年轻人在我们的教育体系中往往表现不佳。It为形式主语，that引导主语从句，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填It。
⑦考查名词。句意：由于研究证明了孩子生命前三年的重要性，美国开始了一项以家长为中心的试点项目，这是孩子的第一任老师。the importance of为固定用法，意为“……的重要性”。importance意为“重要性”，表抽象概念，不可数。故填importance。
⑧考查定语从句。句意同上。空处引导定语从句，先行词a pilot programme，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。
⑨考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：正如节目所显示的那样，与家庭合作而不是绕过父母，是帮助孩子在人生的最好开端最有效的方法。此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，rather than连接两个主语时，遵循就远原则，主语是动名词短语“working with the family”，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填is。
⑩考查非谓语动词。句意同上。of为介词，空处需填动名词作宾语。故填helping。
7.答案：1. made 2. dating 3. with 4. various 5. The 6. Recognized 7. remains 8. collection 9. What 10. basically
解析： ①考查谓语动词。分析句子结构知，空处在句中作谓语，考古学家公布消息发生在过去，故填made. make public公开。句意：自从中国考古学家于周六公布了一些新出土的文物后，他们又发现了6个新的祭祀坑，并在三星堆遗址出土了500多件可追溯到3000年前的物品。
②考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构知，空处在句中是非谓语作定语修饰items，二者之间是主动关系，故填dating。句意见上题解析。
③考查with的用法。分析句子结构知，逗号前已经是一个完整的句子了，空处引导的部分在句中是描述主语pits具有的特征，故用with引导。句意：坑是长方形的，面积在3.5平方米到19平方米之间。
④考查形容词的用法。空处修饰名词relics，应该填形容词，故填various。句意：到目前为止，考古学家已经从其中的四个坑中出土了各种各样的文物，包括黄金面具、金箔、青铜面具、青铜树、象牙和玉器。
⑤考查定冠词的用法。前文已经提到pits，这里的rest指的是还剩下的，用定冠词修饰表特指。句意：其他新发现的坑洞仍在挖掘中。
⑥考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构知，空处在句中是非谓语作状语。recognize和主语之间是动宾关系，故填Recognized.句意：被认为是20世纪发现的最重要的古代遗迹之一，它收藏了陶器、玉器、青铜器和金器。
⑦考查名词的数。one of the adj. 最高级+名词复数，……中最……的之一。故填remains。句意见上题解析。
⑧考查名词。空处被不定冠词修饰，应该填可数名词单数，故填collection。句意见⑥题解析。
⑨考查固定句型。what astonished sb. most is最让某人吃惊的是，句意：最让考古学家吃惊的是它的大尺寸：23厘米宽，28厘米高。
⑩考查副词的用法。空处在句中修饰谓语动词，故填basically。句意：基本上和同一个坑里的头雕一样大。
8.答案：1. lived2. increasing3. reasons4. simply5. that6. be found7. but8. pollution9. a10. exciting
解析： ①考查动词时态。句意：然而，就在100年前，居住在乡村的人比居住在城市的人还多。分析句子可知，live是句中谓语动词，与主语more people之间是主动关系，句中有时间状语100 years ago，应使用一般过去时态，所以谓语应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填lived。
②考查非谓语动词。句意：今天，随着世界人口的急剧增长，越来越多的人由于各种原因搬到城市。分析句子可知，increase作with复合结构中宾语he population in the world的补足语，应使用非谓语动词形试，与其逻辑主语the population in the world之间为主动关系，应用现在分词，表示主动。故填increasing。
③考查名词。句意：今天，随着世界人口的急剧增长，越来越多的人由于各种原因搬到城市。reason意为“原因”，可数名词，因其前有形容词various（各种各样的）修饰，可知应用其复数形式。故填reasons。
④考查副词。句意：有些人只是被城市生活所吸引。根据句意可知，simple修饰谓语动词are attracted，应使用副词形式simply（只是，仅仅）。故填simply。
⑤考查连词和固定句型。句意：据认为，到2030年，超过60%的世界人口将居住在城市。It is thought that.为固定句型，意为“人们认为……"，其中It是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语，是主语从句。故填hat。
⑥考查动词语态。句意：越来越多的城市将成为巨型城市，它们将出现在世界各地。分析句子可知，find（发现）是句中谓语动词，与主语they之间是被动关系，根据空格前情态动词will可知，句中使用一般将来时被动语态，被动语态中be动词应使用原形。故填be found。
⑦考查连词。句意：也许一个大城市和另一个大城市不一样，但是他们有共同的问题，比如空气污染，住房问题，交通堵塞等等。根据"not the same"和"have common problems"可知，前后分句有转折关系。故填but。
⑧考查名词。句意：也许一个大城市和另一个大城市不一样，但是他们有共同的问题，比如空气污染，住房问题，交通堵塞等等。结合句意，分析句子可知，air与pollute的名词形试pollution组成名词词组air pollution（空气污染），与housing problems. traffic jams构成并列关系，作宾语，应用名词形式，且pollution，意为“污染”，是不可数名词。故填pollution。
⑨考查冠词。句意：让这些城市为每个居住在其中的人提供良好的服务，将是未来的一个巨大挑战。challenge（挑战）是可数名词，在句中表示“未来的一个巨大挑战”，是泛指，前面应使用不定冠词，又因空格后great音标中的第一个单节是辅音音素/g/，所以应使用不定冠词a。故填a。
⑩考查形容词。句意：然而，我们相信，当人们一起工作时，他们可以找到解决方案，使这些大城市成为快乐、健康和令人激动的居住地。分析句子可知，excite与happy、healthy是并列关系，修饰名词places，应使用形容词形式，又因-ing形容词常修饰限定事或物，表示“令人……的”，-ed形容词常修饰限定人，表示“感到……的”，句中指“令人激动的居住地”，所以应使用-ing形容词exciting。故填exciting。