2022届高考英语语法专练（四）：主谓一致（含答案）

2022年高考英语语法针对型训练（四）：高频语法+主谓一致
1. The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics will take place from Feb.4 to 20. ①_____ the countdown to the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics entering the ultimate 50 days，COVID-19 safety measures have been confirmed ②_____ the final work is being made to the Games villages.
Designed and constructed to the ③_____（high）ever standards for green and sustainable housing，the three villages will be able to accommodate 5,500 athletes and team officials. A highlight of the villages are the dining halls，which will offer 678 dishes to athletes from diverse cultural ④_____（background）.The menu was designed to meet different dietary needs while ⑤_____（take）different religions into consideration.
In a two-day trial earlier this month，the villages in Beijing passed full operating tests，check-in and check-out procedures ⑥_____（include）.According to the Beijing 2022 organizing committee，COVID-19 testing，health monitoring，medical services and commercial functions were also evaluated and adjusted. The mountain village in Zhangjiakou's Chongli district，⑦_____ the majority of the Olympic snow sports events will be held，⑧_____（expect）to finish testing all facilities soon.
"The tests received a lot of positive feedback，⑨_____（especial）for the impressive residential services，the food quality in the dining hall and accessibility for wheelchair users，"said ⑩_____ official at a news briefing on Thursday.
2. The home crowd erupted when China’s Eileen Gu won the women’s big air freestyle skiing in Beijing.
Gu jumped into the top position with her third run, ①_______(score) 94.50. Her total score was 188.25 in the event’s debut at the Winter Olympics.
The 18-year-old girl, who also ②_______ (go) by her Chinese name, Gu Ailing , is a freestyle skier, model and grade-A student with ③_______ American father and a Chinese mother. She grew up in the United States. It was there ④_______ she grew to love skiing. By 2018, she was representing the US in the world cup for the sport. Then, she decided to switch from representing the US ⑤_______ representing China. It was a decision met with shock and confusion from ⑥_______ (she) growing fan base but Gu was ⑦_______ (determine), sharing her reasoning on Instagram at the time “This was an ⑧_______ (incredible) tough decision for me to make ... Through skiing, I hope to unite people, promote common understanding , create communication , and forge friendship between ⑨_______ (nation). If I can help to inspire one young girl ⑩_______ (break) a boundary, my wishes will have come true.”
3. Bees are disappearing. But does it ①______(real) matter if bees disappear Are they so important to our environment The short answer is, yes, it does matter and yes, they are important. Bees fly around fix)m flower to flower, ②________(look) for pollen(花粉). They use these to produce honey ③_______ is food for their colonies. But at the same time, the bees help to move pollen from one flower to another. This process ④_______(call) pollination(授粉). Pollination means that the flowers can create seeds and new flowers. ⑤________ bees, many flowers can't make seeds or fruit. In fact, bees are responsible for the pollination of one ⑥__________(three) of all the plants which we eat. A single hive(蜂箱)with 50, 000 honeybees can pollinate 500, 000 plants in one day! Imagine ⑦_________ world with no apples, carrots, onions, strawberries or, of course, honey. That’s a world with no bees.
So, ⑧_______ are the bees disappearing Scientists think that there are several possible reasons, including climate change, disease and pesticides.
But it’s not all bad news. Primary schools, businesses, universities and community centres are now setting up their own hives. They enjoy the delicious honey and at the same time they know that they ⑨________(help) to look after some of the most important ⑩________(insect) on the planet.
4.Students in Southeast Asian countries like Laos and Cambodia, especially those ①_____ have ancestral（祖先的）roots in China, are being offered the opportunity ②_____（learn） Chinese culture, thanks to online classes provided by scholars in Shanxi Province.
The class is part of Chinese Culture Land, ③_____event which was started by the China Overseas Friendship Association. It ④_____（design） to deepen the overseas Chinese teenagers' understanding of Chinese culture, which has been welcomed by ⑤_____（ participant）.
A Cambodian student, who ⑥_____（fall）in love with calligraphy（书法）when she was a little girl, has been influenced by her parents. She said, "This is the first time that I have listened to a Chinese master calligrapher in a class." Geng Yue, an influential calligrapher in Shanxi, said he is ⑦_____（ delight） to teach a class for overseas students.
Since 2020，the Chinese Culture Land event has been held online due to the pandemic, which now reaches a ⑧_____（large）audience and interests more people in ⑨_____（study） Chinese culture. This year's Chinese Culture Land-Laos and Cambodia will last for 12 days, ending ⑩_____ Saturday.
5. High school years are a large part in ①_________(shape) the person you are going to become. A school often ②_________ (provide) education for you, and it can also be a place ③_________ you can develop relationships with many different people, join clubs, and participate in a variety of different sports. These years can make you become a high school student ④_________ (fill) with many different emotions, including happiness, anger, sadness, envy, loneliness, stress, and a numerous amount more. This is also a time when peer (同龄人) pressure is most commonly put upon a vast majority of teens.
Peer pressure is the influence from members of one's peer group. This can include influencing another to drink, smoke, cheat on a test, lie, skip class, and etc. The list is ⑤_________ (end). Peer pressure at high school is both harmful ⑥_________ effective because it can lead to teen depression, high stress levels, negative behavior ⑦_________ (issue), and poor decision making and outcomes.
Despite the fact that peer pressure is most commonly seen as a very negative issue, it can ⑧_________ (see) positively in some situations. This can involve pressuring your peers to avoid drugs, be honest, avoid alcohol, respect others, work hard, exercise, be kind, be responsible, and more. Friends and peer ⑨_________ (actual) affect the choices you make. Choosing to have good friends can have a very strong effect ⑩_________ you.
6. In the past 40 years, the power of China ①_____(see) by the world. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, our country has become one of the strongest countries of the world from an ②_____(extreme) poor one, including economy, military and science and technology. With a rapid development of our country, some western countries especially the USA are not ③_____(will) to see a powerful China, so they make troubles for China in all aspects in the international society. But our country is not what she used to be now, we will never give in ④_____ any stress.
Our country showed its advantage of socialism system again in 2020, ⑤_____ the COVID-19 broke out quickly in the world. Unfortunately, many western countries were wondering ⑥_____ to do at that time while people from all ⑦_____(walk) of life in China worked together to take action. So we could get the epidemic ⑧_____(control) quickly and began to recover our economy. During this period, many heroes like Zhong Nanshan and Li Lanjuan, ⑨_____ didn't think about their personal safety, became "the most beautiful reverse-walkers". We are proud of them, ⑩_____ we also take pride in our country.
7. One question type that appears on SAT and ACT involves vocabulary. One of the ①_______(easy) and most natural ways to broaden your vocabulary is by ②_______ (simple) reading more. If the test you are going to take ③_______ (use) texts from literary works, the best way to prepare is to increase your familiarity with these kinds of works. ④_______ (choose) a book from earlier times, such as The Great Gatsby and mark seemingly important words ⑤_______ are unfamiliar to you. Also, mark any words that look familiar but do not quite fit ⑥_______ context. Look ⑦_______ these words in a dictionary and write down the sentence in which you encountered the word. You can then use that sentence when ⑧_______ (study).
If you are not a greedy reader, there are still ⑨_______ (technique) you can use to improve your vocabulary. Keep your ears open for new words you hear on the news, radio or in everyday conversation. Try to infer their meaning from context but always check with a dictionary. Then, try to use those words ⑩_______ (you).
8. Are we alone in the universe Scientists have spent years ①_____(search) deep into space for signs of life beyond our planet. Now they've discovered what might be life on Venus.
Venus is the second planet from the sun in our solar system. It's one of the brightest ②_____(object) in the night sky. Several billion years ago, the surfaces of Venus and Earth may have been more similar ③_____ now. But today, the surface of Venus is too hot for life. And until recently, Venus's thick clouds were thought to be too poisonous for a living thing ④_____(survive) there.
⑤_____ September 14, in the journal Nature Astronomy, scientists reported the discovery of a chemical ⑥_____(call) phosphine(磷化氢) in the clouds of Venus. On Earth, phosphine gas ⑦_____(give) off by living things. Scientists aren't yet able to prove that life on Venus is ⑧_____ is producing the phosphine. But they can't explain the source of the gas in any other way.
The discovery of life beyond Earth would teach us more about the universe ⑨_____ our place in it. To Sousa-Silva, Harvard University astrochemist, it would say something about our ⑩_____(important). "I like finding out that we as humans aren't that special," she says.
答案以及解析
1.答案：①With ②and③highest④backgrounds⑤taking⑥included⑦where⑧is expected⑨especially⑩an
解析：①考查介词。句意：随着北京2022年冬奥会倒计时进入最后50天，新冠肺炎安全措施得到确认，奥运村正在进行最后的工作。本题考查with复合结构，"with+名词/代词+介词短语/形容词/副词/名词/现在分词/过去分词/不定式"构成复合结构，常在句中做伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语：句中"with the countdown to the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics entering the ultimate 50 days"是"with+名词+现在分词"结构作时间状语。故填With。
②考查连词。句意：随着北京2022年冬奥会倒计时进入最后50天，新冠肺炎安全措施得到确认，奥运村正在进行最后的工作。分析句子可知，"COVID-19 safety measures have been confirmed "s" the final work is being made to the Games villages"是并列分句，用并列连词and连接。故填and。
③考查形容词。句意：这三个村按照绿色和可持续发展的最高标准设计和建造，将能够容纳5500名运动员和代表团官员。根据句意和定冠词the可知，应使用形容词最高级highest形式，意为“最高标准”。故填highest。
④考查名词。句意：村里的一大亮点是餐厅，将为来自不同文化背景的运动员提供678道菜。根据形容词diverse（不同的，各式各样的）可知，可数名词background应用复数形式，表示“不同的背景”。故填backgrounds。
⑤考查状语从句的省略。句意：菜单设计的目的是满足不同的饮食需求，同时考虑到不同的宗教信仰。在when，while，if，as if，though（或although），as，until，once，whether，unless，where等连词连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。结合句意，分析子可知，"while ____（take）different religions into consideration."是时间状语，原为"while the menu was taking different religions into consideration."，符合状语从句省略条件，省略the menu was后，保留现在分词taking，故填taking。
⑥考查非谓语动词。句意：本月早些时候，在为期两天的试点中，北京奥运村通过了全面的运营测试，包括入住和退房程序。分析句子可知，include（包括）作后置定语修饰名词check-in and check-out procedures，意为“入住和退房程序被包括在其中"，是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，所以应用过去分词，表示被动。故填included。
⑦考查定语从句。句意：这座位于张家口崇礼区的村庄预计将很快完成所有设施的测试。北京奥运会的大部分雪上项目都将在这里举行。分析句子可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The mountain village，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，表示"在这个山村”，应使用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。
⑧考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：这座位于张家口崇礼区的山村预计将很快完成所有设施的测试。北京奥运会的大部分雪上项目都将在这里举行。分析句子可知，expect是句中谓语动词，与主语The mountain village之间是被动关系，描述现在的情况，应使用一般现在时态，又因主语是单数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用一般现在时的被动语态，单数形式。故填is expected。
⑨考查副词。句意：一名官员在周四的新闻发布会上说：“测试收到了很多积极的反馈，尤其是令人印象深刻的住宿服务、餐厅的食物质量以及轮椅使用者的无障碍环境”。根据句意，应用副词especially作状语，表示"尤其"。故填especially。
⑩考查冠词。句意：一名官员在周四的新闻发布会上说：“测试收到了很多积极的反馈，尤其是令人印象深刻的住宿服务、餐厅的食物质量以及轮椅使用者的无障碍环境”。可数名词official在句中表示“一名官员”，泛指，前面应使用不定冠词修饰，又因official音标中的第一个单节是元音音素/a/，所以应使用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。
2.答案：1. scoring2. goes3. an4. that5. to6. her7. determined8. incredibly9. nations10. to break
解析：
本文是一篇新闻报道,文章讲述了中国选手谷爱凌在北京赢得女子空中自由滑金牌,并详细介绍了她的个人信息。
【小题1】考查非谓语动词。句意:在第三轮比赛中,谷以94.50分的成绩跃居榜首。分析句子结构可知score在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语谷构成柱动关系,故用现在分词作状语。故填scoring。
【小题2】考查时态及主谓一致。句意:这位18岁的中国女孩名叫谷爱凌,是一名自由式滑雪运动员、模特和优等生,她的父亲是美国人,母亲是中国人。结合句意及句中的is可知,句子是描述事实,应用一般现在时,who引导非限制性定语从句,代替先行词The 18-year-old在定语从句中作主语,表示单数意义,谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式。故填goes。
【小题3】考查不定冠词。句意:这位18岁的中国女孩名叫谷爱凌,是一名自由式滑雪运动员、模特和优等生,她的父亲是美国人,母亲是中国人。father为可数名词,此处表示泛指,且American发音以元音音素开头,需用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。
【小题4】考查强调句。句意:就是在那里,她爱上了滑雪。分析句子结构可知,此处为强调句,基本句型是:It is/was+被强调部分+that+句子其他成分,此处对地点状语there进行强调。故填that。
【小题5】考查介词。句意:然后,她决定从代表美国转到代表中国。switch from...to...为固定短语,意为“从......转变为......”,故填to。
【小题6】考查代词。句意:这一决定让她不断壮大的粉丝们感到震惊和困感,但她很坚定,当时她在Instagram上分享了自己的理由:“这对我来说是一个非常艰难的决定。"修饰后文名词fan base应用形容词性物主代词her。故填her。
【小题7】考查形容词。句意:这一决定让她不断壮大的粉丝们感到震惊和困感,但她很坚定,当时她在Instagram.上分享了自己的理由:“这对我来说是一个非常艰难的决定。"作表语,表示坚定,应用形容词determined。故填determined。
【小题8】考查副词。句意:这一决定让她不断壮大的粉丝们感到震惊和困感,但她很坚定,当时她在Instagram上分享了自己的理由:“这对我来说是一个非常艰难的决定。"修饰后文形容词tough应用副词incredibly,作状语。故填incredibly。
【小题9】考查名词的数。句意:我希望通过滑雪来团结人民,促进共识,创造交流,建立国家之间的友谊。nation为可数名词,此处表示泛指,且没有冠词限定,需填名词复数形式。故填nations。
【小题10】考查非谓语动词。句意:如果我能帮助激励一个年轻女孩打破界限,我的愿望就实现了。inspire sb. to do sth..为固定短语,意为“激励某人做某事”,空处需填动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to break。
3.答案：1. really2. looking3. which4. is called5. Without6. third7. a8. why9. are helping10. insects
解析：
(1)really.考查副词。句意:但是蜜蜂消失真的重要吗 空处修饰动词matter需用副词作状语。故填really。
(2)looking.考查现在分词。句意:蜜蜂在花丛中飞来飞去,寻找花粉。分析句子结构可知,已有谓语动词fly,空处需填非谓语动词作状语,Bees和look for为逻辑主谓关系,需用现在分词形式。故填looking。
(3)which.考查非限制性定语从句。句意:它们用这些来生产蜂蜜,这是它们蜂群的食物。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词honey,指物,在定语从句中作主语,需用关系代词which引导。故填which。
(4)is called.考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意:这个过程叫做授粉。此处陈述客观事实,使用一般现在时,主语This process和call为被动关系,需用被动语态,主语为单数名词,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填is called。
(5)Without.考查介词。句意:没有蜜蜂,许多花就不能结出种子或果实。结合句意和句子结构,表示"没有"应用介词without,位于句首,首字母需大写。故填Without。
(6)third.考查序数词。句意:事实上,我们吃的三分之一的植物都是由蜜蜂授粉的。表示"三分之一"应用one third。故填third。
(7)a.考查冠词。句意:想象一个没有苹果、胡萝卜、洋葱、草莓,当然也没有蜂蜜的世界。world为可数名词,此处表示泛指,且world发音以辅音音素开头,需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
(8)why.考查疑问副词。句意:那么,为什么蜜蜂正在消失呢 此处为特殊疑问句,表示"为什么"需用疑问副词why,位于句首,首字母需大写。故填Why。
(9)are helping.考查动词时态。句意:他们享受美味的蜂蜜,同时他们知道自己是在帮助照顾一些地球上最重要的昆虫。that引导的宾语从句,缺少谓语动词,此处使用现在进行时,表示现阶段一直在发生的动作,主语为they, be动词用are。故填are helping。
(10)insects.考查名词。句意同上。insect"昆虫"是可数名词,some of后面需加可数名词复数形式。故填insects。
4.答案：①who/that②to learn③an④is designed⑤participants⑥fell⑦delighted⑧larger⑨studying⑩on
解析： ①考查连词。句意：由于山西省学者提供的网络课程，老挝、柬埔寨等东南亚国家的学生，特别是那些祖籍在中国的学生，有机会学习中国文化。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词those指人，因此空格处用关系代词who/that,故填who/that。
②考查不定式。句意：由于山西省学者提供的网络课程，老挝、柬埔寨等东南亚国家的学生，特别是那些祖籍在中国的学生，有机会学习中国文化。opportunity意为"机会"，后跟不定式作后置定语，故填to learn。
③考查冠词。句意：该课程是由中国海外友好协会发起的"中国文化之乡"活动的一部分。event是可数名词单数形式，表泛指，前面需加不定冠词，event是元音音素开头，不定冠词用an,故填an。
④考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：该活动旨在加深海外华人青少年对中国文化的理解，受到了参与者的欢迎。活动是被设计，通篇是一般现在时，因此空格处是一般现在时的被动语态，即is/are done,主语It是单数，因此空格处是is designed。故填is designed。
⑤考查可数名词的复数。句意：该活动旨在加深海外华人青少年对中国文化的理解，受到了参与者的欢迎。participant意为"参与者"，是可数名词，前面无冠词，应用复数，故填participants。
⑥考查时态。句意：一名柬埔寨学生，在她还是个小女孩的时候就爱上了书法，她受到了父母的影响。根据语境可知，句子时态是一般过去时，空格处用过去式fell,故填fell。
⑦考查形容词。句意：山西颇有影响力的书法家耿跃表示，他很高兴能给海外学生上一堂课。空格处用形容词作表语，修饰主语he应用ed结尾的形容词，即delighted,意为"高兴的"，故填delighted。
⑧考查形容词比较级。句意：2020年以来，由于新冠肺炎疫情，"中国文化之乡"活动在网络上举办，吸引了越来越多的观众，也吸引了越来越多的人学习中国文化。由后面的more people可知，空格处用形容词比较级，即larger,故填larger。
⑨考查动名词。句意：2020年以来，由于新冠肺炎疫情，"中国文化之乡"活动在网络上举办，吸引了越来越多的观众，也吸引了越来越多的人学习中国文化。介词in后用动名词作宾语，因此空格处是动名词studying,故填studying。
⑩考查介词。句意：今年的中国文化之乡在老挝和柬埔寨将持续12天，于周六结束。Saturday是具体的某一天，前面需加介词on,故填on。
5.答案：shaping; provides; where; filled; endless; and; issues; be seen; actually; on/upon
解析：本文是一篇说明文,主要讲述了高中生的生活及学习。高中学习中既有好的一面也有其不好的一面,作者也由此提出了一些建议。
①考查非谓语动词。根据句子中的介词in可知,介词后跟动词的现在分词形式做其宾语,故填shaping。
②考查主谓一致。主语为A school,为单数,所以谓语动词用第三人称单数,故填provides。
③考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,先行词为a place,在定语从句中充当的是地点状语,所以选用关系副词引导,故填where。
④考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知,谓语动词为can make,空处做非谓语,它的逻辑主语是student, fill和主语之间为动宾关系,故填filled。be filled with表示“充满”。
⑤考查形容词。句意:这个列表是永无止境的。根据句意可知,此处应填形容词做表语,故填endless。
⑥考查固定搭配。both...and...为固定搭配,意为“……和……都”。本句中连接两个形容词harmful和effective,应填and。
⑦考查名词单复数。"and poor decision making and outcomes"中 outcomes为复数形式,and连接并列名词,issue为可数名词,所以用复数形式issues。
⑧考查被动语态。it指代的是"peer pressure", see与it 之间为动宾关系,且see在情态动词can后面,用动词原形,故填be seen。
⑨考查副词。空处修饰动词affect,用副词形式,故填actually。
⑩考查固定搭配。have an effect on/upon固定搭配,意为“对……有影响”。故填on/upon。
6.答案：①has been seen ②extremely ③willing ④to ⑤when ⑥what ⑦walks ⑧controlled/controlled ⑨who ⑩and
解析：①考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意:在过去的40年里,中国的力量被世界所看到。根据时间状语"In the past 40 years"可知,使用现在完成时,主语the power of China和see为被动关系,使用被动语态,主语为不可数名词,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式,故填has been seen。
②考查副词。句意:在中国共产党的领导下,我国从一个极其贫穷的国家,包括经济、军事和科学技术,发展成为世界上最强大的国家之一。修饰形容词poor,需用副词作状语,故填extremely。
③考查形容词。句意:随着我国的快速发展,一些西方国家特别是美国不愿意看到一个强大的中国,所以他们在国际社会上给中国制造了方方面面的麻烦。be willing to do sth.为固定短语,意为:愿意做某事,故填willing。
④考查介词。句意:但我们的国家已经不是过去的样子了,我们决不会屈服于任何压力。give in to为固定短语,意为:屈服于,向......让步,故填to。
⑤考查定语从句。句意:2020年,新冠肺炎疫情在全球迅速爆发,我国社会主义制度优势再次显现。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词in 2020在定语从句中作时间状语,需用关系副词when引导,故填when。
⑥考查疑问词加不定式的结构。句意:不幸的是,当时许多西方国家都在想该怎么办,而中国各行各业的人却在齐心协力采取行动。"疑问词+动词不定式"结构作动词宾语,do后面缺少宾语,需用what,故填what。
⑦考查名词。句意:不幸的是,当时许多西方国家都在想该怎么办,而中国各行各业的人却在齐心协力采取行动。walks of life为固定用法,意为:各行各业,故填walks。
⑧考查过去分词。句意:这样我们就能迅速控制疫情,开始恢复经济。get sth. done为固定用法,空格处需填非谓语动词作宾语补足语,the epidemic和control为逻辑上的动宾关系,需用过去分词形式,故填controlled/controled。
⑨考查定语从句。句意:在这一时期,许多像钟南山、李兰娟这样不顾个人安危的英雄,成为了"最美逆行者"。空格处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词heroes指人,在定语从句中作主语,需用关系代词who引导,故填who。
⑩考查并列连词。句意:我们为他们感到骄傲,我们也为我们的国家感到骄傲。上下文之间是顺承关系,需用连词and连接两个句子,故填and。
7.答案：1. easiest2. simply3. uses4. Choose5. that/which6. the7. up8. studying9. techniques10. yourself
解析： ①考查形容词最高级。句意：扩大词汇量最简单、最自然的方法之一就是多读书。前面有one of the，所以用形容词最高级作定语，故填easiest.
②考查副词。句意：扩大词汇量最简单、最自然的方法之一就是多读书。修饰动词，所以用副词，故填simply.
③考查时态和主谓一致。句意：如果你要参加的考试使用的是文学作品中的文本，那么最好的准备方法就是增加你对这类作品的熟悉度。描述现状，所以用一般现在时态，主语为the test，故填uses.
④考查祈使句。句意：选择一本早期的书，比如《了不起的盖茨比》，并标出你不熟悉的看似重要的单词。本句为祈使句，和后面的mark并列，所以用动词原形开头，故填Choose.
⑤考查定语从句。句意：选择一本早期的书，比如《了不起的盖茨比》，并标出你不熟悉的看似重要的单词。先行词为物，在定语从句中作主语，故填that/which.
⑥考查冠词。句意：另外，标记任何看起来熟悉但不太符合上下文的单词。特指上下文的语境，所以用定冠词，故填the.
⑦考查固定搭配。句意：在字典里查这些词，并写下你遇到这个词的句子。look up查字典，为固定搭配，故填up.
⑧考查现在分词。句意：你可以在学习的时候用这个句子。study和句子主语之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语，故填studying.
⑨考查名词的数。句意：如果你不是一个贪婪的读者，还有一些技巧可以用来提高你的词汇量。本句为there be句型，谓语为are，所以主语为复数名词，故填techniques.
⑩考查反身代词。句意：然后，试着自己用这些词。本句为祈使句，主语为y0u，所以用反身代词，故填yourself.
8.答案：①searching ②objects ③to ④to survive ⑤On ⑥called ⑦is given ⑧what ⑨and ⑩importance
解析：①考查动名词。句意:多年来,科学家们一直在太空深处寻找地球以外的生命迹象。spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事。故填searching。
②考查复数名词。句意:它是夜空中最明亮的物体之一。"one of+the+形容词最高级+复数名词"表示"最......的......之一"。故填objects。
③考查介词。句意:几十亿年前,金星和地球的表面可能比现在更相似。be similar to与......相似,为固定搭配,故填to。
④考查不定式。句意:直到最近,人们还认为金星厚厚的云层有剧毒,生物无法在那里生存。too...to...太......而不能......。故填to survive。
⑤考查介词。句意:9月14日,在《自然天文学》杂志上,科学家们报告说,在金星的云层中发现了一种名为磷化氢的化学物质。指在具体的某一天,用介词on。设空处位于句首,故填On。
⑥考查过去分词。句意:9月14日,在《自然天文学》杂志上,科学家们报告说,在金星的云层中发现了一种名为磷化氢的化学物质。名词chemical 与call之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作定语。故填called。
⑦考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:在地球上,生物释放出磷化氢气体。这里陈述的是客观规律,用一般现在时。主语the phosphine gas与give off之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态,且主语为the phosphine gas,故填is given。
⑧考查表语从句。句意:科学家们还不能证明金星上的生命是产生磷化氢的东西。设空处引导表语从句,从句中缺少主语,指"产生磷化氢的东西",所以用连接词what。故填what。
⑨考查连词。句意:地球之外生命的发现会使我们了解更多关于宇宙和我们在宇宙中的位置的信息。the universe与our place in it之间为并列关系,所以用连词and。故填and。
⑩考查名词。句意:对哈佛大学天体化学家Sousa-Silva来说,它说明了我们的重要性。形容词性物主代词our后接名词形式。故填importance。