中考专区--名词

课件38张PPT。 ????
????? 掌握常用名词的数的变化；????? 掌握名词所有格的构成及其变化； 掌握可数名词与不可数名词的区别及用法。? 中考考查形式：选择题、单词拼写及选词填空题、完成句子? ?复习目标及策略NOUN.名词的数名词的所有格名词的变化可数名词不可数名词NOUN.九年级英语复习根据所给单词的正确形式填空：
1. Different people may have different _____. (idea)
2. I often go to work on . (foot)
3. I know one of the . (boy)
4. Mr. Brown is wearing a pair of . (glass)
5. Please give them their . (photo)
6. Are there any in the box? (watch)
7. There are twelve in a year. (month)
8. Would you like some ? (tomato)
9. Look at those in the boats! (people)
10. Look! The are singing. (woman)
11. Jim has some . (knife)
12. How much are these ? (vegetable)ideasfootboysglassesphotoswatchesmonthstomatoespeoplewomenknivesvegetablesNOUN.要点考点聚焦flowerflowers找规律watchesfactory-factoriesleaf -- leavesboxesNOUN.名词的复数形式
1.复数形式的构成方法
(1) 一般在复数名词后加“s”/s/or/z/
* dog – dogs * book – books
(2) 以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加“es”/iz/
*box – boxes *watch – watches
dish-dishes(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加“es” /iz/
* country – countries * factory – factories
baby-babies , family-families
请区别：如果是元音字母加y 结尾的名词则只须加“s”
* boy – boys holiday-holidays
* monkey – monkeys 要点考点聚焦找规律tomatoespotatoesheroesNOUN.negroes 黑人英雄爱吃西红柿和土豆radiosphotos找规律zoospianosNOUN.(4) 以o结尾的名词加“s” /z/
photo — photos,piano — pianos ,kilo-kilos, radio — radios,zoo — zoos；
只有 四词加“es”构成复数zero---zeros / zeroes
potato – potatoes tomato – tomatoes
Negro-negeoes hero-heroes
(5) 以f、fe 结尾的名词,变f、fe 为v再加“es”/vz/ (wife ,shelf,half,leaf,knife,wolf,thief.)
* half – halves * shelf – shelves
* knife – knives * leaf – leaves
wife---wives, life---lives, thief---thieves;2.特殊变化的单词
(1)单复数同形
Chinese – Chinese fish – fish
Japanese – Japanese sheep–sheep
people-people deer—deer
(2)变元音字母oo为ee
tooth – teeth foot – feet 不规则变化child--childrenwoman--womendeersheepman--menNOUN.3.变man为 men
man – men woman – women
policeman – policemen
Frenchman – Frenchmen
请区别：German(德国人) – Germans
4. 其它形式
child – children mouse – mice 5.一些合成名词的复数构成分两种情况
(1)将中心词变为复数
girlfriend – girlfriends
grandchild – grandchildren
(2) man,woman 构成的合成词，每个名词都要变成复数
a man doctor – men doctors
a woman teacher – women teachers 6.常以复数形式出现的名词
people clothes police clothes，shorts，pants，scissors(剪刀)，goods，glasses(眼镜) trousers
这些名词作主语时，注意它们的谓语用复数
* My clothes are newer than yours.
* The police often come here.与众不同NOUN.a bottle of juicea glass of orangetwo boxes of milk不可数名词NOUN.不可数名词：（前面不能用a,an等来修饰
到目前为止我们所学的不可数名词有：
液体类(water)：juice, tea, soup, milk , cola ,coffee ,
肉类(meat)：beef（牛肉）,pork（猪肉）,mutton（羊肉）
粉末类：bread（面包）
抽象名词类：news, information, money, advice, friendship,work,homework,housework,schoolwork
help ,fun （乐趣）,health,price （价格）
食物类（food)：broccoli（花椰菜） ,? rice（大米，米饭） ,porridge（粥) ,junk food（垃圾食品）,chocolate（巧克力） ,tofu（豆腐）★不可数名词
物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词如: water，rice，fish，meat 等。
特别记住housework
work chalk time space music
money weather cotton homework
wood information news medicine
advice knowledge room population 1.不可数名词无复数，作主语时常看成单数
*Some bread is over there.
*No news is good news.
2.常用how much, much, a little, little, a lot of, some, any等来修饰不可数名词
*They had much money.
*He does little housework at home.3.不可数名词计量的表达:
①个数单位词：piece （张、片、块、条）,②容器单位词：bottle（瓶）,bag（包）,box（盒、箱）,③类别单位词：kind( 种、类)④度量衡单位词：kilo(千克、公斤)
单复数表现在of 前面的名词上，而 of 后始终是单数
*There is a piece of paper in the book.
*Three glasses of orange are on the desk. 4.有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情
况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同
(1) glass(玻璃)– a glass(玻璃杯)
paper(纸) – a paper(报纸)
work(工作) – a work(著作)
room(空间) – a room(房间) (2) fruit(水果) – fruits (各种水果)
fish(鱼) – fishes(各种鱼)
hair(所有头发) – hairs (几根头发)
time(时间) – times(时代)名词所有格1．表示有生命的人或物的名词所有格形式，
在此名词词尾加's，或直接加'。
(1)单数名词加's，如：Mary's book
(2)以s结尾的复数名词只加‘，不以s结尾的复
数名词要加's，如：
the three girls' father 这三个女孩的父亲
the children's presents 孩子们的礼物
(3)表示几个人共有，仅在最后一个人的名字
后加's，表示各自所有时，需在各个名字后加's，如：
Mary and Jane's car(她俩人共有的车)
Mary's and Jane's cars(她俩各自的车)
(4)表示店铺、住宅、公共建筑等地点时，名词所有格后面的名词习惯上省略。如：
the barber's＝the barber's shop理发店
to my aunt's＝to my aunt's house到我姑姑家
(5)有些指时间、距离、重量、价值、国家和城镇等无生命的名词，也可以加's构成所有格。如：
a week's time 一周的时间
China's population中国的人口
two miles‘ distance两英里的距离
2．表示无生命的东西的所有格形式：名词＋of＋所有者，如：
the name of the zoo动物园的名字
the front wall of the classroom教室的前墙
3．双重所有格：即of＋'s或of＋名词性物主代词，如：
a book of my daughter's 我女儿的一本书
The friend of his is very kind.他的朋友非常友好。
名词的句法功能1．名词作主语
名词在句中作的句子成分很多，但作主语尤为重要，应注意以下几种情况：
(1)一些以s结尾的名词。如：maths、physics、news是单数或不可数名词，在句中作主语时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式；但trousers，shoes，glasses等为复数概念，它们在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但a (this)pair of＋名词复数时，其主语是a(this)pair，故谓语动词应用单数形式。如：
Physics is a new subject in Grade Two.
物理在初二是一门新科目。
My glasses are red. 我的眼镜是红色的。
A new pair of pants is on the bed.床上有一条新短裤。(2)表示时间、金钱、距离、价格等名词后加s作主语时，应视为一个整体，故谓语动词用单数形式。如：
Twenty dollars is enough. 20美元足够了。
Three months is a short time. 三个月很短。
(3)family，class，police等作主语时，若表示整体概念，谓语动词用第三人称单数；当表示其中的各个成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
Her family is moving to Liaoning next week.
她家下周要搬到辽宁去。
Her family are having supper now.
她的家人正在吃晚饭。
(4)the＋姓氏名词复数(后加s)表示“……一家”或“……夫妇”，在句中作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式。如：
The Greens are Americans.格林一家是美国人。
(5)neither＋单数名词或neither of＋复数名词，在句中作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，如：
Neither answer is right.两个答案都不对。
Neither of the boys often goes to the zoo on Sundays.
星期天两个男孩都不经常去动物园。(6)主语后跟with，except，together with，as well as等短语时，谓语动词应与
前面的主语保持一致，而不受这些短语的影响。如：
Mr Li with his students is discussing the math problem.
李老师和他的学生在讨论数学题。
All the girls except Mary are drawing in the classroom.
除了玛丽以外所有的女生都在教室里画画。
(7)兼有双重身份的人作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式。
A writer and worker often gives us a talk on Sundays.
一位工人作家经常在星期天给我们做报告。(8)主语和谓语的就近一致。
就近一致即指谓语的人称和数与靠近它的那个主语保持一致。有下面几种情况：
①在there be 句型中或以here开头的句子中，谓语动词be应与后面的名词保持一致，当后面的名词不止一个时，be应和其最靠近的名词的人称和数保持一致。如：
There are twenty-two boys and twenty girls in our class.
我们班有22名男生和20名女生。
There is a car and two jeeps behind the house.
房子后有一辆小汽车和两辆吉普车。
Here are two oranges and some milk.这里有两个橘子和一些牛奶。
②either...or...(或者……或者……)；neither...nor...(既不……也不……)；...or...(……或者……)；not only...but also...(不但……而且……)等平等结构，连接并列主语时谓语动词的人 称和数应和与之靠近的一个主语保持一致。如：
Either you or he has to go shopping this afternoon.
今天下午或者是你或者是他必须去购物。
Neither he nor we are students now.
他和我们现在都不是学生了。
both...and...连接两个主语时，谓语用复数形式。如：
Both he and she do well in English.
他和她都擅长英语。
2．名词作定语
(1)名词作定语，一般用单数形式。如：
girl students(女学生) paper flowers(纸花)
(2)名词作定语时，个别情况用复数形式。如：
sports meeting (运动会). 名词前的修饰词：
①放在可数名词复数前的有：many(许多） , few（很少） , a few（一些）,
②放在不可数名词复数前的有: much(许多） , little （很少）, a little（一些）
③(可数、不可数前）都可放的词有：a lot of ,lots of(许多）, some （一些）
特殊情况
数词＋名词＋形容词构成的复合形容词，中间的名词不能用复数形式而须用单数形式，如：
He is a four-year-old boy.他是个4岁的男孩。
(four-year-old不能说成four-years-old)
a five-foot-deep hole一个五英尺深的洞
根据所给单词的正确形式填空：
1. Different people may have different _____. (idea)
2. I often go to work on . (foot)
3. I know one of the . (boy)
4. Mr. Brown is wearing a pair of . (glass)
5. Please give them their . (photo)
6. Are there any in the box? (watch)
7. There are twelve in a year. (month)
8. Would you like some ? (tomato)
9. Look at those in the boats! (people)
10. Look! The are singing. (woman)
11. September 10th is Day. (teacher)
12. Jim has some . (knife)
13. How much are these ? (vegetable)
14. My school is twenty ________ walk from here. (minute)
15. The girl under the tree is a friend of________. (Lucy)
ideasfootboysglassesphotoswatchesmonthstomatoespeoplewomenTeachers’knivesvegetablesminutes’Lucy’sNOUN.指点迷津Ten years ______(is ,are) short time for me.
A pair of shoes ______(is, are) under the bed.
The number of the students in our school _____(is ,are) 2,000.
The woman with two children ______( is ,are ) coming here.
Neither he nor I ____( is, am ) an American.NOUN.isamisisis指点迷津6. Maths ______(are, is ) hard to learn for the boy.
7. They are all _______________( woman, teachers ; women teachers).
8. The population of China _______(are, is ) over 1,300,000,000.
9. There are many ______(peoples,people )in the street in summer.
10. One of the students ______(have, has) gone to Shanghai.isiswomen teacherspeoplehasNOUN. 1.Several _____ are talking? under the tree．And they are______.
A．woman;children B．woman;child C．women;children
2. There are three in my family. (2004长春）
A.people B. person C. child
3. Most students can go to college for further in our city.
A. education B. information C.science
4.Please give me ______ paper.?A. one B. a pieces C. a piece D. a piece of
5. This table is made of_______.
A. many glass B. some glasses C. glasses D. glass 典型例题解析 C A ANOUN. D D6. Some ______ came to our school for a visit that day. A.Germans B.Germen C.Germany D.Germanies
7. In the picture there are many______ and two_______.?
A. sheeps; foxes B. sheeps; foxes C. sheep; foxes D. sheep;foxs
8.They write most of their_______ in English.
A. business letter B. business letters
C. businesses D. businesses letters
9._____are____for cutting things.
A. Knife, used B. Knives, using C. Knife, using D. Knives, used
10.John bought_____for himself yesterday. A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe? C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoesDBACA1.The rich_________not always happy.?
A.are B.is? C.have D.has?
2.In Britain,_________are all painted red.?
A.letter boxes B.letters boxes?
C.letter box D.letters box?
3.There are four_______and two_______in the group. A.Japanese，Germen B.Japaneses，Germen?
C.Japanese，German D.Japanese，Germans?
4.She was born in Wuhan,but Beijing has become her second_________.?
A.home B.family? C.house D.country 5.Mother brought me_________.?
A.a good news? B.a piece of news?
C.many good news? D.two news? 课时训练AADAB