人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册单元测试：Unit 3 Sea Exploration A卷（含答案）
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Unit 3 Sea Exploration A卷 基础夯实——2021-2022学年高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册单元测试AB卷
本试卷满分120分，考试时间100分钟。
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
Early in the 16th century men were trying to reach Asia by travelling west from Europe. In order to find Asia they had to find a way past South America. The man who eventually found the way from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific was Ferdinand Magellan.
Magellan sailed from Seville in September, 1519 with five ships and about 265 men. Thirteen months later, after spending a severe winter on the coast of Patagonia, he discovered the channel which is now called Magellan's Strait. In November 1520, after many months of dangers from rocks and storms, during which two ships were lost, the three remaining ships entered the ocean on the other side of South America.
They then continued, hoping to reach Asia. But they did not see any land until they reached the islands off the coast of Asia. Before they arrived at these islands, later known as the Philippines, his men were dying of starvation. While they were staying in the Philippines, Magellan was killed in battle. The remaining officers then had to get back to Spain. They decided to sail round Africa. After many difficulties, one ship with eighteen men sailed into Seville three years after leaving. They were all that remained of Magellan's expedition. However, their achievement was great. They were the first men to sail round the world.
1. The purpose of Magellan's expedition was _____.
A. to sail round the world B. to find a sea route to India
C. to make a voyage to Asia D. to carry men to the Philippines
2. The time Magellan's Strait was discovered was _____.
A. in September, 1519 B. in October, 1520
C. in November, 1520 D. not mentioned
3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage concerning the expedition
A. Lack of navigation equipment. B. Severe winter in Patagonia.
C. The death of Magellan. D. Dangers from rocks and storms.
B
For years, the giant squid(大王乌贼) had remained a modern mystery. Living in the dark depths of the ocean, the creature is difficult for scientists to observe directly. It had also managed to avoid all attempts to film it. That changed last July: For the first time ever, scientists were able to catch the giant squid on video in its natural habitat. They were amazed by what they saw. The scientists filmed the squid in the North Pacific Ocean, south of Tokyo, Japan. They followed it down to a depth of 2,952 feet. They shot more than 23 minutes of video before the squid swam off into even darker depths. The video footage will be released to the public later this month on the Discovery Channel.
Tsunemi Kubodera, a zoologist at Japan's National Museum of Nature and Science, led the team that filmed the squid. The team went into the ocean in a small submarine with lights invisible to both humans and squid. Since giant squid eat smaller squid, the scientists released a small squid as bait(诱饵). Then the scientists waited in the pitch-black for the giant squid to approach.
The colour video shows the creature floating vertically, eating the bait squid. The giant squid is 9 to 10 feet long and is missing its two longest tentacles(触须). With those tentacles, it could have measured up to 26 feet long. It has huge black eyes, the size of dinner plates, "It was shining and so beautiful," Kubodera said.
Because the deep ocean is so unfriendly to humans, little is known about the giant squid. Scientists say catching the mysterious creature on video is an important step toward understanding it. For centuries, sailors had reported seeing a huge, ocean-dwelling beast, thought to be the giant squid. The creature is also believed to be the subject of the Nordic myth of the kraken, a sea creature that supposedly attacked ships in Scandinavian waters over the past thousands of years.
1. Why is it difficult to film the giant squid
A. Because it is illegal to film the giant squid.
B. Because it is too expensive to make such a film.
C. Because the giant squid lives in the dark deep ocean.
D. Because the giant squid is dangerous to humans.
2. We can learn from the first paragraph that scientists _____.
A. first saw the giant squid in the ocean
B. discovered a new sea creature in the ocean
C. have the ocean bottom secretly recorded on video
D. have first caught the legendary giant squid on video
3. According to the passage, the giant squid's longest tentacles can be _____.
A. 16 to 17 feet long B. 9 to 10 feet long
C. more than 26 feet long D. about 36 feet long
4. The scientists released a small squid in the ocean to _____.
A. increase the number of the giant squid
B. trick the giant squid into coming out
C. make an educational film about it
D. show concern for the giant squid
C
Scientists in England are using two self-directed water vehicles to explore the animal and plant life of the Celtic Sea.
The Celtic Sea is a body of water off the southern coast of Ireland. The area is known for its unusual sea life. Scientists want to know why sea creatures are so attracted to this part of the Atlantic Ocean.
One of the research vehicles is powered by batteries(电池). It collects information for the National Oceanography Centre in Southampton, England, and the World Wildlife Fund. The vehicle's low energy requirements permit it to stay floating on water for up to 30 days. Reports of what it finds in the Celtic Sea are sent by satellite.
Stephen Woodward is an engineer who helped design the vehicle. He says the vehicle has equipment that can discover small organisms called zooplankton(浮游动物) and fish. He adds that other sensing devices measure water currents and other features of sea life. The vehicle also creates a map of the sea.
Another vehicle is powered by the sun and the wind. It can stay floating on water for months. The robotic vehicle sends information about the so-called biodiversity hotspots. A biodiversity hotspot is an area of an ocean that has a lot of plant and animal life activity.
Lavinia Suberg is one of the scientists studying the Celtic Sea. She says productive ocean areas, like the Celtic Sea, attract zooplankton. The zooplankton then attracts fish. She adds that areas with a large increase of fish often attract sea mammals and birds.
Using these robotic ocean vehicles greatly reduces the cost of exploring the seas with manned laboratories. Scientists can spend more time analysing the collected information. They say the research will give them a better understanding of the needs of the Celtic Sea for future management and protection.
1. Why do the British scientists explore the Celtic Sea
A. To study the geography of the sea.
B. To learn why the sea is rich in sea life.
C. To test their self-directed water vehicles.
D. To learn about the sea creatures in the sea.
2. According to the text, the water vehicles _____.
A. are controlled directly by humans
B. work depending on the map of the sea
C. can send the information back directly
D. can keep floating on water for a long time
3. According to Lavinia Suberg, the sea mammals and birds _____.
A. are afraid of living alone
B. mainly feed on zooplankton
C. like to live in warm ocean areas
D. are especially interested in fish
4. What is the last paragraph mainly about
A. The aim of sea exploration.
B. The cost of exploring the sea.
C. The importance of the water vehicles.
D. Ways to deal with the collected information.
D
Zheng He had over 200 ships, some of which were over 150 metres long and could carry up to 1, 000 people. In addition to the supplies for the long journeys, the ships carried gold, silver, silk, china and other treasures to give as gifts to the rulers of the neighbouring countries. Some of the ships even had earth on board so that the sailors could grow their own crops for food.
On Zheng He's first voyage, he set sail across the Indian Ocean. His fleet travelled for many days far away from land. One day, they were hit by a storm. All the sailors thought the fleet was going to sink. Then a strange light appeared at the top of the ships, masts, and after that, the storm passed. The strange light that appeared on the masts was probably electricity from the thunderstorm.
Many sailors today see such lightning on the masts of their ships during a storm. But the sailors in Zheng He's fleet believed it was a sign of protection from the ancestors. From then on, they were happy to follow Zheng He wherever he led them.
Zheng He completed seven famous voyages between 1405 and 1433. He visited many countries in Asia and Africa. Zheng He also brought back many gifts from the countries he visited, such as medicines, pearls and strange animals. The most famous of these gifts were a giraffe and a zebra.
When Zheng He came back from his seventh voyage in 1433, he was sixty-two years old. In 28 years travelling, he had managed to share the glory of China with many different countries. When he died in 1433, the stories of his travels made him one of China's most famous sailors.
1. Zheng He was famous for _____.
A. his seven voyages B. his 200 ships
C. his crops grown on the ships D. the large amounts of treasures
2. What might not be found on Zheng He's ships
A. Food. B. Metal. C. Flowers. D. Earth.
3. Why were the sailors happy to follow Zheng He wherever he led them
A. Because Zheng He was a rich officer.
B. Because they thought they could be free from danger with Zheng He.
C. Because they thought they could travel around the world.
D. Because Zheng He's fleet never sank.
4. What's the most important achievement of Zheng He's voyages
A. He was very old when he finished his last voyage.
B. He set sail across the Indian Ocean.
C. He brought back many gifts from the countries he visited.
D. He promoted the communication between China and other countries.
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Keeping Safe in Your House During a Fire
Though you may not think you'll ever fall victim to a house fire, it's better to be prepared to avoid panicking. To increase your chances of survival, just follow these steps.
React as soon as you hear your smoke alarm go off. On hearing your smoke detector or alarm going off and seeing a fire, exit your home as safely as possible. ①________
Safely exit through doors. If you don't see smoke at the door, open it slowly and pass through it after making sure the door feels cool. If there is a fire preventing you from exiting the room, close the door.
Protect yourself from smoke inhalation (吸入). Get low to the floor and crouch or crawl on your hands and knees to avoid the smoke. ②________ So be sure to cover your nose and mouth if you have to walk by or through a heavily smoke-filled room.
③________ That is, immediately stop what you're doing, drop flat to the ground, and roll around until you put the fire out.
Prevent the smoke if you can't get out. ④________ Close your door and cover all vents(通风孔) and cracks around it with cloth or tape to keep the smoke out.
Call for help from a second-story window. ⑤________ You can take a sheet or something else — white preferably — and hang it out the window to signify that you need help until the first responder gets there.
A. If you can't escape your home, don't panic.
B. Stop, drop, and roll if your clothes catch fire.
C. You are probably a lot safer by closing doors.
D. Escape from a second-story window if you can.
E. Smoke inhalation causes people to become unconscious.
F. Do not try to get your phone, valuables, or your other important possessions.
G. If you are trapped in your second-story room, get to an area where people can find you.
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。The True Story of Treasure Island
It was always thought that Treasure Island was the product of Robert Louis Stevenson's imagination. 1 , recent research has found the true story of this exciting work.
Stevenson had lived 2 for many years. In 1881 he returned to Scotland for a holiday. With him were his American wife Fanny and his son.
Each morning Stevenson would take them out for a long 3 over the hills. They had been enjoying this for several days before the weather changed for the worse. Kept indoors by the heavy rain, his son felt the days 4 . To keep the boy happy, Robert asked the boy to do some 5 .
One morning, the boy came to Robert with a beautiful map of an island. Robert 6 that the boy had drawn a large cross in the middle of the island. "What's that " he asked. "That's the 7 treasure," said the boy. Robert suddenly 8 something of an adventure story in the boy's picture. With the rain pouring, Robert sat down by the fire to write a story. He would make the 9 a twelve-year-old boy, just like his son Lloyd. But who would be the pirate
Robert had a good friend named Henley, who walked around with the 10 of a wooden leg. Robert had always wanted to 11 such a man in a story. 12 Long John Silver, the pirate with a wooden leg, was 13 .
So, thanks to a 14 September in Scotland, a friend with a wooden leg, and the imagination of a twelve-year-old boy, we have one of the greatest 15 stories in the English language.
1. A. However B. Therefore C. Besides D. Finally
2. A. alone B. next door C. at home D. abroad
3. A. talk B. rest C. walk D. game
4. A. quiet B. dull C. busy D. cold
5. A. cleaning B. writing C. drawing D. exercising
6. A. doubted B. noticed C. decided D. recognised
7. A. forgotten B. buried C. discovered D. unexpected
8. A. saw B. drew C. made D. learned
9. A. star B. hero C. writer D. child
10. A. help B. problem C. use D. bottom
11. A. praise B. produce C. include D. accept
12. A. Yet B. Also C. But D. Thus
13. A. read B. born C. hired D. written
14. A. rainy B. sunny C. cool D. windy
15. A. news B. love C. real-life D. adventure
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Whales are beautiful and clever animals. Most people are aware ①_____ the fact that commercial whaling endangers whales and agree that whales should not be killed to make money. If you witness whales ②_____ (drag) out of the sea and cut up, you might be shocked. And it might make you reflect on ③_____ whaling should be continued. But there are still a few countries like Iceland ④_____ continue commercial whaling.
In 1883 the first whaling station was established in Iceland. ⑤_____ (see) the success of the whaling station, people established another five on the island between 1896 and 1903. Whale catching reached its limit in 1902, when 1, 305 whales were caught ⑥_____ (produce) oil.
A ban ⑦_____ whaling was passed in Iceland in 1915. Conservation played an effective role in preventing whales from being killed and it was not until 1935 ⑧_____ an Icelandic company established another whaling station. Between 1948 and 1975, an average of 250 fin whales, 65 sei whales, and 78 sperm whales were taken annually. ⑨_____ (like) the majority of commercial whaling at the time, this operation was based on the sale of frozen meat ⑩_____ than on oil.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
假如你是李华,你们班昨天就“是否应该进行海洋勘探”进行了讨论。请你根据讨论的结果写一篇英语短文,给校英文报投稿。内容要点如下:
大多数人支持 1.了解海洋环境； 2.开发海洋资源。
少数人反对 1.污染海洋； 2.破坏生态多样性。
你的观点 ……
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Yesterday, our class had a discussion about ①________________________ (ocean exploration ).
The majority of students are in favor of ocean exploration. In their opinion, through ocean exploration, we can ②________________________ (know, environment ) to better understand environmental changes. What's more, ③________________________ (resource), which help deal with energy shortages. However, a small number of students ④________________________ (different). They think human activities may not only cause severe ocean pollution, but also destroy biodiversity.
In my opinion, ⑤________________________ (worthwhile, invest) moderate ocean exploration and we'd better not explore it ⑥________________________ (cost, destroy, balance).
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。
I was 28 years old, the age when most young people have their eyes firmly fixed on the promise of success—but I was a failure.
Six years earlier, fresh from college, I had joined a theatrical producing company, and had been going to small towns and rural communities producing country-style musical comedies. But the country was in a depression then. So, jobless and with nothing else in sight, I went back home. To bring some money into the house, I finally got a job as a recreation room director.
I desired to be a drama star. Restless and dissatisfied though I was, it was nice, in a way, to be back home. I tried to relieve the dullness of my job by teaching some of the town's youngsters music and drama. And when I got a chance, I'd try my luck as a performer myself. I'd dress up as a country girl and tell little stories and jokes. I gave this country girl a name — Minnie Pearl.
One October afternoon I was in the recreation room, waiting for the children at three o'clock when a banker friend, Jim Walker, came in. "Ophelia," he said, "we're going to have a bankers' meeting here. I understand that in the evenings you've been teaching some children drama and dancing and singing. Would you let the children perform for the bankers "
I said, yes, of course. He started to walk away, but then he stopped and turned. "Oh, by the way," he added, "the speaker Harry Stone, the manager of the great country music station from Chicago is flying here. If he's late, would you mind acting Minnie Pearl "
I told Jim I'd do it. That night we performed for the bankers. The children sang and danced to old-time and popular songs. We finished the program, and Jim came to me. "The speaker's not here yet. Ophelia, you'll have to help us.''
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1:
I went out in front of the hundred or so men in the audience and said, "I'd like to give you my performance of the country girl," ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Unexpectedly one of the bankers in the audience, Bob Turner, who knew Harry Stone, recommended me to Harry. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
答案：1-3 CBA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段的内容，我们可以知道，欧洲人试图向西航行，经大西洋到太平洋,然后到达亚洲，从而找到一条从海上去亚洲的路线。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段前两句内容可知，麦哲伦是在1520年10月发现Magellan's Strait的。
3.细节理解题。通读全文我们可以发现，全文没有提及navigation equipment方面的问题。故选A项。
B
答案：1-4 CDAB
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Living in the dark depths of the ocean, the creature is difficult for scientists to observe directly.”可知，因为大王乌贼生活在大洋深处，所以人们很难拍摄到它。
2.细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，科学家在北太平洋下到深度为2952英尺的地方第一次拍摄了一段23分钟长的有关大王乌贼的视频。因此D项正确。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，大王乌贼有9到10英尺长,算上它的触须可达到26英尺长，由此可得出大王乌贼最长的触须有16到17英尺长。
4.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Since giant squid eat smaller squid, the scientists released a small squid as bait(诱饵).”可知，科学家在大洋里放一条小乌贼的目的是将大王乌贼引诱出来。
C
答案：1-4 BDDC
解析：1.推理判断题。由第二段中的“Scientists want to know why sea creatures are so attracted to this part of the Atlantic Ocean.”可知,研究旨在弄清楚为什么凯尔特海富含海洋生物。
2.细节理解题。由第三段中的“The vehicle's low energy requirements permit it to stay floating on water for up to 30 days.”和第五段中的“It can stay floating on water for months.”可知，它们都能在海中漂浮很久。
3.细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“She adds that areas with a large increase of fish often attract sea mammals and birds.”可知，它们对鱼很感兴趣。
4.段落大意题。由最后一段中的“greatly reduces”， “spend more time…”和“a better understanding”可知，本段旨在介绍这两个水中机器人在海底探索中的重要性。
D
答案：1-4 ACBD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据短文最后两段的信息可知，郑和出名是因为他七下西洋，故选A项。
2.细节理解题。根据短文第一段提供的信息可知，郑和的船上可能没有花朵，故C项正确。
3.细节理解题。根据短文第三段的信息“the sailors in Zheng He's fleet believed it was a sign of protection from the ancestors. From then on, they were happy to follow Zheng He wherever he led them”可知，本题应选B项。
4.推理判断题。理解文章可知，郑和七下西洋对于促进中国和其他国家的交流起到了极大的作用，故本题D项合理。
第二节
答案：FEBAG
解析：本文是一篇说明文,作者主要向我们介绍了在火灾期间安全地待在屋子里的一些方法。
①根据前文内容可知,如果听到烟雾报警器响了并且看到火了,要尽可能快地安全离开,故F项"不要试图去拿你的手机、贵重物品或其他重要财物"与上文联系紧密,符合逻辑。
②根据前文内容可知要避免吸入烟雾,E项中的Smoke inhalation与该段主旨句中的smoke inhalation(吸入)相呼应。故选E"吸入烟雾会使人失去知觉"。
③根据后文中的"immediately stop what you're doing, drop flat to the ground, and roll around until you put the fire out"可知,如果你的衣服着火了要停下来,趴在地上并打滚,故选B。
④根据前文中的"Prevent the smoke if you can't get out"可知,本段讲述着火时在室内的安全措施,故A项"如果你不能逃离你的家,不要惊慌"符合语境。
⑤根据后文内容可知,你可以把一个床单或别的东西,最好是白色的东西挂在窗外,表示你需要帮助,直到第一个响应者到达那里。故G项"如果你被困在二楼的房间里,要去一个人们能发现你的地方"符合语境。因本段讲述被困在二楼房间时的自救措施,因此G项紧密联系上下文,符合逻辑。
第二部分 语言知识运用
第一节
答案：1-5 ADCBC 6-10 BBABA 11-15 CDBAD
解析：1.考查上下文逻辑关系。从本段前后两句的意思可知,这里表示转折关系。
2.根据下文的信息“returned to Scotland”可知，史蒂文森是在国外居住，故选D项。
3.本句告诉读者，每天早晨史蒂文森一家都要到山上散步。故答案为C项。
4.根据上下文可知，他们很喜欢散步,然而有一天天气不好，他们被迫待在室内，劳埃德感觉很无聊。所以选B项。
5.由下文提到有一天上午罗伯特发现儿子画了一幅画可知，为了让儿子心情好，罗伯特让儿子去画画。所以答案应为C项。
6.有一天上午，儿子带着一幅画着岛的图来见父亲。父亲发现儿子在该画中的岛中央画了一个大十字形记号。选项A意为“怀疑”；选项B意为“发现，注意到”;选项C意为“决定”;选项D意为“认出”。根据语境可知答案为B项。
7.既然是“珍宝”(treasure),那肯定是“深埋地下的”，所以答案应为B项。
8.考查动词词义辨析。根据语境可知，父亲在儿子的画中，看见了有点儿像冒险故事的东西。所以答案应为A项。
9.罗伯特打算写一本小说，并想让这个小说的男主人公由一个12岁的男孩充当。四个选项中只有B项符合语境。
10.由下文可知，罗伯特的朋友亨利是一个装有假腿的人。既然亨利是个残疾人,那他走路一定需要依靠假腿的“帮助”(help)了。
11.本句告诉读者,罗伯特也一直想在他的小说中“包含”(include)像亨利这样装有假腿的人。
12.“这样”（Thus)装有假腿的海盗——Long John Saver在小说中诞生了。
13.根据第12题的解析可知，本题应该选B项。
14.由第三段可知，作者写这本冒险小说最早是由那天早上的天气引起的，而那天早上的天气是下着雨的。所以本题应选rainy。
15.通读全文可知，罗伯特的这部小说以冒险经历为题材。所以答案应为D项。
第二节
答案： of; being dragged; whether; that/ which; Seeing; to produce; on; that; Unlike; rather
解析：①形容词的固定用法be aware of“意识到”。
②谓语动词后的whales是宾语，后面跟现在分词的被动式作宾语补足语，表明drag动作正在进行。
③动词短语reflect on意为“思考”，是对下文“捕鲸应该继续”表示疑问，而且介词on后面不跟if引导的宾语从句，只能用whether,表示“这也许让你反思捕鲸是否应该继续”。
④先行词为countries，而且后面的定语从句缺主语，故用指物的关系代词that或which。
⑤现在分词短语作状语，表示原因。
⑥不定式作目的状语。
⑦名词和介词的固定搭配，表示“对……的禁令”用a ban on…。
⑧这是强调句型，强调时间状语until 1935,故用that。
⑨理解句意可知，不像大部分的商业捕鲸，这种业务基于冰冻肉的销售，故用介词unlike。
⑩理解句意可知，该业务基于冰冻肉而不是鲸鱼的油。故用短语rather than“而不是”。
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：1. whether we should do ocean exploration
2. know more about the environment of the ocean
3. there are rich resources in the ocean
4. hold a different opinion
5. it is worthwhile to invest money in
6. at the cost of destroying the balance of nature
解析：
第二节
答案：
Paragraph 1:
I went out in front of the hundred or so men in the audience and said, "I'd like to give you my performance of the country girl." I started telling them about some little stories and jokes. And the bankers were laughing and applauding. When I ran out of stories, I looked at Jim Walker, and he shook his head. So I went over to the piano and started playing and singing a lot of other old country songs. The men loved it. After I'd sung for a while, and still no speaker, I said to the audience, "Well, let's sing together." The men joined me. Then finally Jim came up to me and said, "He's here. You can stop now." I left and turned the program back over to Jim.
Paragraph 2:
Unexpectedly one of the bankers in the audience, Bob Turner, who knew Harry Stone, recommended me to Harry. He asked Harry Stone if he could give me a chance. He had me come up for an interview. And that changed my whole life. It was the beginning of Minnie Pearl, and, to me, the beginning of a new way to share fun with others and look at things.
本试卷满分120分，考试时间100分钟。
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
Early in the 16th century men were trying to reach Asia by travelling west from Europe. In order to find Asia they had to find a way past South America. The man who eventually found the way from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific was Ferdinand Magellan.
Magellan sailed from Seville in September, 1519 with five ships and about 265 men. Thirteen months later, after spending a severe winter on the coast of Patagonia, he discovered the channel which is now called Magellan's Strait. In November 1520, after many months of dangers from rocks and storms, during which two ships were lost, the three remaining ships entered the ocean on the other side of South America.
They then continued, hoping to reach Asia. But they did not see any land until they reached the islands off the coast of Asia. Before they arrived at these islands, later known as the Philippines, his men were dying of starvation. While they were staying in the Philippines, Magellan was killed in battle. The remaining officers then had to get back to Spain. They decided to sail round Africa. After many difficulties, one ship with eighteen men sailed into Seville three years after leaving. They were all that remained of Magellan's expedition. However, their achievement was great. They were the first men to sail round the world.
1. The purpose of Magellan's expedition was _____.
A. to sail round the world B. to find a sea route to India
C. to make a voyage to Asia D. to carry men to the Philippines
2. The time Magellan's Strait was discovered was _____.
A. in September, 1519 B. in October, 1520
C. in November, 1520 D. not mentioned
3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage concerning the expedition
A. Lack of navigation equipment. B. Severe winter in Patagonia.
C. The death of Magellan. D. Dangers from rocks and storms.
B
For years, the giant squid(大王乌贼) had remained a modern mystery. Living in the dark depths of the ocean, the creature is difficult for scientists to observe directly. It had also managed to avoid all attempts to film it. That changed last July: For the first time ever, scientists were able to catch the giant squid on video in its natural habitat. They were amazed by what they saw. The scientists filmed the squid in the North Pacific Ocean, south of Tokyo, Japan. They followed it down to a depth of 2,952 feet. They shot more than 23 minutes of video before the squid swam off into even darker depths. The video footage will be released to the public later this month on the Discovery Channel.
Tsunemi Kubodera, a zoologist at Japan's National Museum of Nature and Science, led the team that filmed the squid. The team went into the ocean in a small submarine with lights invisible to both humans and squid. Since giant squid eat smaller squid, the scientists released a small squid as bait(诱饵). Then the scientists waited in the pitch-black for the giant squid to approach.
The colour video shows the creature floating vertically, eating the bait squid. The giant squid is 9 to 10 feet long and is missing its two longest tentacles(触须). With those tentacles, it could have measured up to 26 feet long. It has huge black eyes, the size of dinner plates, "It was shining and so beautiful," Kubodera said.
Because the deep ocean is so unfriendly to humans, little is known about the giant squid. Scientists say catching the mysterious creature on video is an important step toward understanding it. For centuries, sailors had reported seeing a huge, ocean-dwelling beast, thought to be the giant squid. The creature is also believed to be the subject of the Nordic myth of the kraken, a sea creature that supposedly attacked ships in Scandinavian waters over the past thousands of years.
1. Why is it difficult to film the giant squid
A. Because it is illegal to film the giant squid.
B. Because it is too expensive to make such a film.
C. Because the giant squid lives in the dark deep ocean.
D. Because the giant squid is dangerous to humans.
2. We can learn from the first paragraph that scientists _____.
A. first saw the giant squid in the ocean
B. discovered a new sea creature in the ocean
C. have the ocean bottom secretly recorded on video
D. have first caught the legendary giant squid on video
3. According to the passage, the giant squid's longest tentacles can be _____.
A. 16 to 17 feet long B. 9 to 10 feet long
C. more than 26 feet long D. about 36 feet long
4. The scientists released a small squid in the ocean to _____.
A. increase the number of the giant squid
B. trick the giant squid into coming out
C. make an educational film about it
D. show concern for the giant squid
C
Scientists in England are using two self-directed water vehicles to explore the animal and plant life of the Celtic Sea.
The Celtic Sea is a body of water off the southern coast of Ireland. The area is known for its unusual sea life. Scientists want to know why sea creatures are so attracted to this part of the Atlantic Ocean.
One of the research vehicles is powered by batteries(电池). It collects information for the National Oceanography Centre in Southampton, England, and the World Wildlife Fund. The vehicle's low energy requirements permit it to stay floating on water for up to 30 days. Reports of what it finds in the Celtic Sea are sent by satellite.
Stephen Woodward is an engineer who helped design the vehicle. He says the vehicle has equipment that can discover small organisms called zooplankton(浮游动物) and fish. He adds that other sensing devices measure water currents and other features of sea life. The vehicle also creates a map of the sea.
Another vehicle is powered by the sun and the wind. It can stay floating on water for months. The robotic vehicle sends information about the so-called biodiversity hotspots. A biodiversity hotspot is an area of an ocean that has a lot of plant and animal life activity.
Lavinia Suberg is one of the scientists studying the Celtic Sea. She says productive ocean areas, like the Celtic Sea, attract zooplankton. The zooplankton then attracts fish. She adds that areas with a large increase of fish often attract sea mammals and birds.
Using these robotic ocean vehicles greatly reduces the cost of exploring the seas with manned laboratories. Scientists can spend more time analysing the collected information. They say the research will give them a better understanding of the needs of the Celtic Sea for future management and protection.
1. Why do the British scientists explore the Celtic Sea
A. To study the geography of the sea.
B. To learn why the sea is rich in sea life.
C. To test their self-directed water vehicles.
D. To learn about the sea creatures in the sea.
2. According to the text, the water vehicles _____.
A. are controlled directly by humans
B. work depending on the map of the sea
C. can send the information back directly
D. can keep floating on water for a long time
3. According to Lavinia Suberg, the sea mammals and birds _____.
A. are afraid of living alone
B. mainly feed on zooplankton
C. like to live in warm ocean areas
D. are especially interested in fish
4. What is the last paragraph mainly about
A. The aim of sea exploration.
B. The cost of exploring the sea.
C. The importance of the water vehicles.
D. Ways to deal with the collected information.
D
Zheng He had over 200 ships, some of which were over 150 metres long and could carry up to 1, 000 people. In addition to the supplies for the long journeys, the ships carried gold, silver, silk, china and other treasures to give as gifts to the rulers of the neighbouring countries. Some of the ships even had earth on board so that the sailors could grow their own crops for food.
On Zheng He's first voyage, he set sail across the Indian Ocean. His fleet travelled for many days far away from land. One day, they were hit by a storm. All the sailors thought the fleet was going to sink. Then a strange light appeared at the top of the ships, masts, and after that, the storm passed. The strange light that appeared on the masts was probably electricity from the thunderstorm.
Many sailors today see such lightning on the masts of their ships during a storm. But the sailors in Zheng He's fleet believed it was a sign of protection from the ancestors. From then on, they were happy to follow Zheng He wherever he led them.
Zheng He completed seven famous voyages between 1405 and 1433. He visited many countries in Asia and Africa. Zheng He also brought back many gifts from the countries he visited, such as medicines, pearls and strange animals. The most famous of these gifts were a giraffe and a zebra.
When Zheng He came back from his seventh voyage in 1433, he was sixty-two years old. In 28 years travelling, he had managed to share the glory of China with many different countries. When he died in 1433, the stories of his travels made him one of China's most famous sailors.
1. Zheng He was famous for _____.
A. his seven voyages B. his 200 ships
C. his crops grown on the ships D. the large amounts of treasures
2. What might not be found on Zheng He's ships
A. Food. B. Metal. C. Flowers. D. Earth.
3. Why were the sailors happy to follow Zheng He wherever he led them
A. Because Zheng He was a rich officer.
B. Because they thought they could be free from danger with Zheng He.
C. Because they thought they could travel around the world.
D. Because Zheng He's fleet never sank.
4. What's the most important achievement of Zheng He's voyages
A. He was very old when he finished his last voyage.
B. He set sail across the Indian Ocean.
C. He brought back many gifts from the countries he visited.
D. He promoted the communication between China and other countries.
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Keeping Safe in Your House During a Fire
Though you may not think you'll ever fall victim to a house fire, it's better to be prepared to avoid panicking. To increase your chances of survival, just follow these steps.
React as soon as you hear your smoke alarm go off. On hearing your smoke detector or alarm going off and seeing a fire, exit your home as safely as possible. ①________
Safely exit through doors. If you don't see smoke at the door, open it slowly and pass through it after making sure the door feels cool. If there is a fire preventing you from exiting the room, close the door.
Protect yourself from smoke inhalation (吸入). Get low to the floor and crouch or crawl on your hands and knees to avoid the smoke. ②________ So be sure to cover your nose and mouth if you have to walk by or through a heavily smoke-filled room.
③________ That is, immediately stop what you're doing, drop flat to the ground, and roll around until you put the fire out.
Prevent the smoke if you can't get out. ④________ Close your door and cover all vents(通风孔) and cracks around it with cloth or tape to keep the smoke out.
Call for help from a second-story window. ⑤________ You can take a sheet or something else — white preferably — and hang it out the window to signify that you need help until the first responder gets there.
A. If you can't escape your home, don't panic.
B. Stop, drop, and roll if your clothes catch fire.
C. You are probably a lot safer by closing doors.
D. Escape from a second-story window if you can.
E. Smoke inhalation causes people to become unconscious.
F. Do not try to get your phone, valuables, or your other important possessions.
G. If you are trapped in your second-story room, get to an area where people can find you.
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。The True Story of Treasure Island
It was always thought that Treasure Island was the product of Robert Louis Stevenson's imagination. 1 , recent research has found the true story of this exciting work.
Stevenson had lived 2 for many years. In 1881 he returned to Scotland for a holiday. With him were his American wife Fanny and his son.
Each morning Stevenson would take them out for a long 3 over the hills. They had been enjoying this for several days before the weather changed for the worse. Kept indoors by the heavy rain, his son felt the days 4 . To keep the boy happy, Robert asked the boy to do some 5 .
One morning, the boy came to Robert with a beautiful map of an island. Robert 6 that the boy had drawn a large cross in the middle of the island. "What's that " he asked. "That's the 7 treasure," said the boy. Robert suddenly 8 something of an adventure story in the boy's picture. With the rain pouring, Robert sat down by the fire to write a story. He would make the 9 a twelve-year-old boy, just like his son Lloyd. But who would be the pirate
Robert had a good friend named Henley, who walked around with the 10 of a wooden leg. Robert had always wanted to 11 such a man in a story. 12 Long John Silver, the pirate with a wooden leg, was 13 .
So, thanks to a 14 September in Scotland, a friend with a wooden leg, and the imagination of a twelve-year-old boy, we have one of the greatest 15 stories in the English language.
1. A. However B. Therefore C. Besides D. Finally
2. A. alone B. next door C. at home D. abroad
3. A. talk B. rest C. walk D. game
4. A. quiet B. dull C. busy D. cold
5. A. cleaning B. writing C. drawing D. exercising
6. A. doubted B. noticed C. decided D. recognised
7. A. forgotten B. buried C. discovered D. unexpected
8. A. saw B. drew C. made D. learned
9. A. star B. hero C. writer D. child
10. A. help B. problem C. use D. bottom
11. A. praise B. produce C. include D. accept
12. A. Yet B. Also C. But D. Thus
13. A. read B. born C. hired D. written
14. A. rainy B. sunny C. cool D. windy
15. A. news B. love C. real-life D. adventure
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Whales are beautiful and clever animals. Most people are aware ①_____ the fact that commercial whaling endangers whales and agree that whales should not be killed to make money. If you witness whales ②_____ (drag) out of the sea and cut up, you might be shocked. And it might make you reflect on ③_____ whaling should be continued. But there are still a few countries like Iceland ④_____ continue commercial whaling.
In 1883 the first whaling station was established in Iceland. ⑤_____ (see) the success of the whaling station, people established another five on the island between 1896 and 1903. Whale catching reached its limit in 1902, when 1, 305 whales were caught ⑥_____ (produce) oil.
A ban ⑦_____ whaling was passed in Iceland in 1915. Conservation played an effective role in preventing whales from being killed and it was not until 1935 ⑧_____ an Icelandic company established another whaling station. Between 1948 and 1975, an average of 250 fin whales, 65 sei whales, and 78 sperm whales were taken annually. ⑨_____ (like) the majority of commercial whaling at the time, this operation was based on the sale of frozen meat ⑩_____ than on oil.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
假如你是李华,你们班昨天就“是否应该进行海洋勘探”进行了讨论。请你根据讨论的结果写一篇英语短文,给校英文报投稿。内容要点如下:
大多数人支持 1.了解海洋环境； 2.开发海洋资源。
少数人反对 1.污染海洋； 2.破坏生态多样性。
你的观点 ……
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Yesterday, our class had a discussion about ①________________________ (ocean exploration ).
The majority of students are in favor of ocean exploration. In their opinion, through ocean exploration, we can ②________________________ (know, environment ) to better understand environmental changes. What's more, ③________________________ (resource), which help deal with energy shortages. However, a small number of students ④________________________ (different). They think human activities may not only cause severe ocean pollution, but also destroy biodiversity.
In my opinion, ⑤________________________ (worthwhile, invest) moderate ocean exploration and we'd better not explore it ⑥________________________ (cost, destroy, balance).
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。
I was 28 years old, the age when most young people have their eyes firmly fixed on the promise of success—but I was a failure.
Six years earlier, fresh from college, I had joined a theatrical producing company, and had been going to small towns and rural communities producing country-style musical comedies. But the country was in a depression then. So, jobless and with nothing else in sight, I went back home. To bring some money into the house, I finally got a job as a recreation room director.
I desired to be a drama star. Restless and dissatisfied though I was, it was nice, in a way, to be back home. I tried to relieve the dullness of my job by teaching some of the town's youngsters music and drama. And when I got a chance, I'd try my luck as a performer myself. I'd dress up as a country girl and tell little stories and jokes. I gave this country girl a name — Minnie Pearl.
One October afternoon I was in the recreation room, waiting for the children at three o'clock when a banker friend, Jim Walker, came in. "Ophelia," he said, "we're going to have a bankers' meeting here. I understand that in the evenings you've been teaching some children drama and dancing and singing. Would you let the children perform for the bankers "
I said, yes, of course. He started to walk away, but then he stopped and turned. "Oh, by the way," he added, "the speaker Harry Stone, the manager of the great country music station from Chicago is flying here. If he's late, would you mind acting Minnie Pearl "
I told Jim I'd do it. That night we performed for the bankers. The children sang and danced to old-time and popular songs. We finished the program, and Jim came to me. "The speaker's not here yet. Ophelia, you'll have to help us.''
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1:
I went out in front of the hundred or so men in the audience and said, "I'd like to give you my performance of the country girl," ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Unexpectedly one of the bankers in the audience, Bob Turner, who knew Harry Stone, recommended me to Harry. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
答案：1-3 CBA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段的内容，我们可以知道，欧洲人试图向西航行，经大西洋到太平洋,然后到达亚洲，从而找到一条从海上去亚洲的路线。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段前两句内容可知，麦哲伦是在1520年10月发现Magellan's Strait的。
3.细节理解题。通读全文我们可以发现，全文没有提及navigation equipment方面的问题。故选A项。
B
答案：1-4 CDAB
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Living in the dark depths of the ocean, the creature is difficult for scientists to observe directly.”可知，因为大王乌贼生活在大洋深处，所以人们很难拍摄到它。
2.细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，科学家在北太平洋下到深度为2952英尺的地方第一次拍摄了一段23分钟长的有关大王乌贼的视频。因此D项正确。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，大王乌贼有9到10英尺长,算上它的触须可达到26英尺长，由此可得出大王乌贼最长的触须有16到17英尺长。
4.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Since giant squid eat smaller squid, the scientists released a small squid as bait(诱饵).”可知，科学家在大洋里放一条小乌贼的目的是将大王乌贼引诱出来。
C
答案：1-4 BDDC
解析：1.推理判断题。由第二段中的“Scientists want to know why sea creatures are so attracted to this part of the Atlantic Ocean.”可知,研究旨在弄清楚为什么凯尔特海富含海洋生物。
2.细节理解题。由第三段中的“The vehicle's low energy requirements permit it to stay floating on water for up to 30 days.”和第五段中的“It can stay floating on water for months.”可知，它们都能在海中漂浮很久。
3.细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“She adds that areas with a large increase of fish often attract sea mammals and birds.”可知，它们对鱼很感兴趣。
4.段落大意题。由最后一段中的“greatly reduces”， “spend more time…”和“a better understanding”可知，本段旨在介绍这两个水中机器人在海底探索中的重要性。
D
答案：1-4 ACBD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据短文最后两段的信息可知，郑和出名是因为他七下西洋，故选A项。
2.细节理解题。根据短文第一段提供的信息可知，郑和的船上可能没有花朵，故C项正确。
3.细节理解题。根据短文第三段的信息“the sailors in Zheng He's fleet believed it was a sign of protection from the ancestors. From then on, they were happy to follow Zheng He wherever he led them”可知，本题应选B项。
4.推理判断题。理解文章可知，郑和七下西洋对于促进中国和其他国家的交流起到了极大的作用，故本题D项合理。
第二节
答案：FEBAG
解析：本文是一篇说明文,作者主要向我们介绍了在火灾期间安全地待在屋子里的一些方法。
①根据前文内容可知,如果听到烟雾报警器响了并且看到火了,要尽可能快地安全离开,故F项"不要试图去拿你的手机、贵重物品或其他重要财物"与上文联系紧密,符合逻辑。
②根据前文内容可知要避免吸入烟雾,E项中的Smoke inhalation与该段主旨句中的smoke inhalation(吸入)相呼应。故选E"吸入烟雾会使人失去知觉"。
③根据后文中的"immediately stop what you're doing, drop flat to the ground, and roll around until you put the fire out"可知,如果你的衣服着火了要停下来,趴在地上并打滚,故选B。
④根据前文中的"Prevent the smoke if you can't get out"可知,本段讲述着火时在室内的安全措施,故A项"如果你不能逃离你的家,不要惊慌"符合语境。
⑤根据后文内容可知,你可以把一个床单或别的东西,最好是白色的东西挂在窗外,表示你需要帮助,直到第一个响应者到达那里。故G项"如果你被困在二楼的房间里,要去一个人们能发现你的地方"符合语境。因本段讲述被困在二楼房间时的自救措施,因此G项紧密联系上下文,符合逻辑。
第二部分 语言知识运用
第一节
答案：1-5 ADCBC 6-10 BBABA 11-15 CDBAD
解析：1.考查上下文逻辑关系。从本段前后两句的意思可知,这里表示转折关系。
2.根据下文的信息“returned to Scotland”可知，史蒂文森是在国外居住，故选D项。
3.本句告诉读者，每天早晨史蒂文森一家都要到山上散步。故答案为C项。
4.根据上下文可知，他们很喜欢散步,然而有一天天气不好，他们被迫待在室内，劳埃德感觉很无聊。所以选B项。
5.由下文提到有一天上午罗伯特发现儿子画了一幅画可知，为了让儿子心情好，罗伯特让儿子去画画。所以答案应为C项。
6.有一天上午，儿子带着一幅画着岛的图来见父亲。父亲发现儿子在该画中的岛中央画了一个大十字形记号。选项A意为“怀疑”；选项B意为“发现，注意到”;选项C意为“决定”;选项D意为“认出”。根据语境可知答案为B项。
7.既然是“珍宝”(treasure),那肯定是“深埋地下的”，所以答案应为B项。
8.考查动词词义辨析。根据语境可知，父亲在儿子的画中，看见了有点儿像冒险故事的东西。所以答案应为A项。
9.罗伯特打算写一本小说，并想让这个小说的男主人公由一个12岁的男孩充当。四个选项中只有B项符合语境。
10.由下文可知，罗伯特的朋友亨利是一个装有假腿的人。既然亨利是个残疾人,那他走路一定需要依靠假腿的“帮助”(help)了。
11.本句告诉读者,罗伯特也一直想在他的小说中“包含”(include)像亨利这样装有假腿的人。
12.“这样”（Thus)装有假腿的海盗——Long John Saver在小说中诞生了。
13.根据第12题的解析可知，本题应该选B项。
14.由第三段可知，作者写这本冒险小说最早是由那天早上的天气引起的，而那天早上的天气是下着雨的。所以本题应选rainy。
15.通读全文可知，罗伯特的这部小说以冒险经历为题材。所以答案应为D项。
第二节
答案： of; being dragged; whether; that/ which; Seeing; to produce; on; that; Unlike; rather
解析：①形容词的固定用法be aware of“意识到”。
②谓语动词后的whales是宾语，后面跟现在分词的被动式作宾语补足语，表明drag动作正在进行。
③动词短语reflect on意为“思考”，是对下文“捕鲸应该继续”表示疑问，而且介词on后面不跟if引导的宾语从句，只能用whether,表示“这也许让你反思捕鲸是否应该继续”。
④先行词为countries，而且后面的定语从句缺主语，故用指物的关系代词that或which。
⑤现在分词短语作状语，表示原因。
⑥不定式作目的状语。
⑦名词和介词的固定搭配，表示“对……的禁令”用a ban on…。
⑧这是强调句型，强调时间状语until 1935,故用that。
⑨理解句意可知，不像大部分的商业捕鲸，这种业务基于冰冻肉的销售，故用介词unlike。
⑩理解句意可知，该业务基于冰冻肉而不是鲸鱼的油。故用短语rather than“而不是”。
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：1. whether we should do ocean exploration
2. know more about the environment of the ocean
3. there are rich resources in the ocean
4. hold a different opinion
5. it is worthwhile to invest money in
6. at the cost of destroying the balance of nature
解析：
第二节
答案：
Paragraph 1:
I went out in front of the hundred or so men in the audience and said, "I'd like to give you my performance of the country girl." I started telling them about some little stories and jokes. And the bankers were laughing and applauding. When I ran out of stories, I looked at Jim Walker, and he shook his head. So I went over to the piano and started playing and singing a lot of other old country songs. The men loved it. After I'd sung for a while, and still no speaker, I said to the audience, "Well, let's sing together." The men joined me. Then finally Jim came up to me and said, "He's here. You can stop now." I left and turned the program back over to Jim.
Paragraph 2:
Unexpectedly one of the bankers in the audience, Bob Turner, who knew Harry Stone, recommended me to Harry. He asked Harry Stone if he could give me a chance. He had me come up for an interview. And that changed my whole life. It was the beginning of Minnie Pearl, and, to me, the beginning of a new way to share fun with others and look at things.