课件107张PPT。1．owe vt.
1)欠(债)；欠(账)
owe sb. sth.＝owe sth. to sb.欠某人某物
①I still owe you some money.
我还欠你钱。
②We owe our parents a lot.
我们欠父母的甚多。
③She still owes ￥3 000 to her father.
她还欠她父亲3 000元。 2)归因于；归功于
owe sth. to sb.＝owe sb. sth.将某事归功于/归因于某人
①We owe a lot to our parents.
我们感激父母。
②She owes her success to good luck.
她认为自己的成功全凭运气好。
知识拓展
1)owe一般不用于进行时态，也不用于被动语态。
2)owing adj. 拖欠的；未付的；未偿还的
own vt. 拥有；adj. 自己的
owing to prep. 因为；由于词语辨析
owing to, because of, due to
owing to作状语，偶作表语。
because of作状语。
due to作状语、表语和后置定语，一般不用于句首。
①Owing to the rain the match was cancelled.
由于下雨，比赛取消了。
②Because of the storm he didn't go there.
因为暴风雨他没有去那儿。
③Her absence was due to the storm.
由于暴风雨她没来。即学即用
He really succeeded and he ________ his success to his hard work.
A．owned B．owed
C．contributed D．devoted
答案：B owe sth. to sth.“把某事归因于某事”。2．cookery n．[U]烹饪法，烹饪(术)
Hunger finds no fault with the cookery.
(谚)饥不择食。
知识拓展
cook v．烹调 n．[C]厨师 cooker n．[C]炊具词语辨析
cooker, cook①He is cooking.他在炒菜。
②He is good at cookery.他擅长烹调。3．complement vt. 补充；与……相配
n．①补充；互为补充的东西②编制名额；装备定额③补(足)语
Love is the complement of the law.
爱的精神是法律的补充物。
知识拓展
complement和compliment发音相同，意义完全不一样，后者意为“赞美；赞扬”。即学即用
Movie directors use music to ________ the action on the screen.
A．contaminate B．compliment
C．contemplate D．complement
答案：D 电影导演使用音乐使银幕上的表演更趋完美。4．remark vt. 说；评论说
vi.(on)谈论；评论
n．话语；谈论；评论
知识拓展
1)remark on/upon sth. 就某事发表意见
remark that... 说……；评论说……
2)make a/no remark on/about...
对……(不)发表评论；感言
exchange a few remarks 交换意见3)remarkable adj. 值得注意的；显著的
①He remarked ironically, “Money is the most important thing.”
他用嘲讽的口气说：“钱是最重要的东西。”
②The guests remarked on her new dress.
来宾对她那件新衣服品头论足。
③Don't make rude remarks about their appearance.
不要口没遮拦，批评他们的外表。
④He has made remarkable progress in English.
他的英语已有明显的进步。即学即用
It would be very rude to ________ on her appearance.
A．remark B．criticize
C．speak D．observe
答案：A 句意为：对她的长相评头论足是很粗鲁的行为。remark on sth.“对某事作出评论”。speak“说”，criticize “批评”和observe“观察”，其后都不接on，不合句意。5．entertain vt.①招待；款待②给……娱乐；使快乐
vi.招待；请客
We hired a magician to entertain the children at the party.
我们雇了一个魔术师在派对上逗孩子们开心。知识拓展
entertainment n. ①娱乐；文娱节目；表演会②招待；款待；请客
Some people say that Steven Chow's movies cannot be regarded as mere entertainment but in fact they tell the audience much more.
有人说周星驰的电影不能被简单地看成是供娱乐消遣的，实际上它给观众展示了更深刻的内容。
词语辨析
entertain, amuse, delight, cheer
entertain以事先准备或设计的方式来娱乐他人以打发时间。
amuse以有趣或好玩的事物娱乐他人以打发时间。
delight使人感到愉快或满意。
cheer使原本悲伤的人变得快乐。即学即用
My wife ________ them as honored guests.
A．entertained B．interested
C．encouraged D．amused
答案：A 考查词义辨析。句意为：我夫人把他们当上宾款待。entertain “招待，款待”；interest “使感兴趣”；encourage “鼓舞”；amuse“使娱乐”。6．banquet n．[C]宴会 v．宴请，饮宴
①A state banquet was given in honor of the visiting President.
为来访的总统举行了国宴。
②They banqueted him like a king.
他们犹如对待国王般设盛宴款待他。
知识拓展
give a banquet to sb.为某人举行宴会
banqueting hall宴会厅词语辨析
dinner, feast, party
dinner n．[C]正式的晚宴
feast n．[C]正式的盛会、宴会
party n．[C]社交或娱乐性的聚会、宴会7．fabulous adj.惊人的；难以置信的；(口)极好的
①The museum has a fabulous collection of jewels.
该博物馆有着惊人的珠宝收藏。
②They spent a fabulous amount of money.
他们花掉了一大笔钱。
③I feel absolutely fabulous.
我感觉好极了。
知识拓展
“-ulous”构成形容词，表示“有……特征的”，又如：credulous轻信的，scrupulous小心谨慎的。
8．dish n．[C]一道菜；餐具；碟，盘
①Fried eggs are my favorite dish.
煎蛋是我最喜爱的菜。
②I'll do the dishes tonight.
今晚我洗餐具。
③Mary put the peaches in a white dish.
玛丽将桃子装在一个白盘子里。
知识拓展
dish v．盛……于盘中词语辨析
dish, platedish是盛西餐的“大盘子”，用餐者从那里拨一些菜，放在自己的碟子(plate)上；平常盛菜的盘子常用plate。9．dessert n．[C，U](餐后的)甜食
In Britain you often have three courses: a starter(e.g. soup), a main course(e.g. steak or chicken), and a dessert (e.g. strawberries or ice cream)．
在英国，(宴会)通常有三道菜：开胃菜(如汤)、主菜(如牛排或鸡肉)和甜点(如草莓或冰激凌)。注意：The men who are deserted in the desert are eager to get some dessert to eat.
被抛弃在沙漠中的人急切地想得到一些甜点吃。10．guest n．[C](被邀请的)客人
I have to give up my bedroom when we have guests.
我家有客人时，我就得让出我的卧室。
词语辨析
guest, visitor, customer
guest指受人款待或受请吃饭的“客人”。
visitor指交际、商务、观光或探望友人的“访客”。
customer指生意上的“客人”，去商店购物的“顾客”等。①We're expecting guests to dinner.
我们正等候客人进餐。
②There are many visitors to the White House every year.
每年参观白宫的游客很多。
③The store has a lot of regular customers.
这家商店有许多老主顾。
11．tongue n．[C]舌头；语言
①The doctor told the boy to put out his tongue.
医生告诉男孩把舌头伸出来。
②I tried speaking to her in her native tongue.
我试着用她的本族语跟她说话。
③The speaker's tongue is very tired now because he has made a speech with his mother tongue for two hours.
演讲者用母语做了两个小时的演讲之后舌头很累。词语辨析
tongue, language
tongue多指“国语；母语”或“方言”；language指各种“语言”。
12．hoof n．[C](猪、牛等的)蹄
①We cooked the hoof in the microwave oven.
我们在微波炉中煮蹄子。
②That horse cannot take part in the race—it has an injured hoof.
那匹马无法参加比赛，它有只蹄受伤了。
hoof的复数形式为hoofs或hooves。词语辨析
“蹄”之种种13．infamous adj.臭名昭著的，声名狼藉的
That infamous criminal was finally sentenced to death.
那个臭名昭著的罪犯最终被判处死刑。
知识拓展
表示否定意义的前缀可用于形容词和名词之前，分别意为not(不)和lack of(无)。in-受词干首字母的同化有il-，im-，ir-三种异体。il-出现在l之前，ir-出现在r之前，im-出现在b，p，m之前。如：
il＋legal→illegal不合法的
im＋possible→impossible不可能的
in＋dependence→imdependence独立即学即用
在A栏里找出与B栏意思相同或相近的选项。
A B
1．indirect a．不活跃的
2．indifferent b．没有文化的
3．invaluable c．间接的
4．invisible d．不正确的
5．inactive e．无价的，非常珍贵的
6．inadequate f．冷漠的
7．incorrect g．不负责任的8．injustice h．无礼的
9．impolite i．不规则的；不整齐的
10．imbalance j．看不见的
11．irregular k．不适当的
12．irrelevant l．不公正
13．irresponsible m．不相关的，离题的
14．illiterate n．不平衡
15．inevitable o．不可避免的
答案：1.c 2.f 3.e 4.j 5.a 6.k 7.d 8.l 9.h 10.n 11.i 12.m 13.g 14.b 15.o14．manner n．方法，方式；举止；(pl.)礼貌
①You should not talk in such a strange manner.
你不应该用如此奇怪的方式谈话。
②Her manner was polite but cool.
她举止彬彬有礼而又冷漠。
③No one likes a person with bad manners.
谁也不喜欢没有礼貌的人。知识拓展
good manners有礼貌
bad manners没有礼貌
all manner of各种各样的
in a manner of speaking可以说
in manner of以……方式词语辨析
means, way, method, manner
这些词都有“方法，方式”的意思，但用法有区别。
(1)means指为达到某种目的而采取的“手段，方法”，常与介词by搭配。
Thoughts can also be expressed by means of music.
思想也可以借音乐来表达。
(2)way为普通用语，可以代替method, means或manner，但way更富有表达力，常与介语in搭配。如：
Animals communicate in various ways.
动物用各种各样的方法进行交流。(3)method指合理的或系统的“方法”，包括抽象的概念或具体的步骤，如为完成教学、调查、医疗等各项工作而采取的一系列步骤或方法，常和介词with搭配。
I think we should try again using a different method.
我认为我们应该用不同的方法再试一次。
(4)manner指个人的、独特的“方式”，manner常与介词in连用。
She answered in a businesslike manner.
她回答时显出一副公事公办的样子。15．chew v．咀嚼
①My broken chin made it impossible for me to chew.
我受伤的下巴使我无法咀嚼。
②You should chew your food slowly.
你应该细嚼慢咽。知识拓展
chew over仔细思考
Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.
(书籍好比食品)有些书浅尝辄止，有些书可以囫囵吞枣，少数则须咀嚼消化。(培根)词语辨析
chew, swallow, digest16．delicacy n．[C]佳肴，珍馐
①He provided local delicacies for his guests' meal.
他用当地的美味佳肴来招待客人。
②The local people regard these crabs as a great delicacy.
当地人认为这些螃蟹是珍馐美味。知识拓展
delicious adj.美味可口的
delicacy n．[U]柔和，优雅；精细17．appetising adj.开胃的，增进食欲的
①The smell of the overcooked food was not very appetising.
煮糊的菜味道并不怎么诱人。
②The apple pie and custard are appetising.
苹果派和软冻的味道能增进食欲。
知识拓展
appetite n．[C，U]食欲；欲望；爱好1．be obsessed with/by痴迷；迷住；牵挂；困扰
①My father is obsessed with lottery and talks about nothing else.
我爸爸迷上彩票了，别的什么也不谈。
②She was obsessed with the fear of death throughout her old age.
她晚年一直受到死亡恐惧的困扰。即学即用
Many teenagers are ________ with computer games and leave their homework undone.
A．annyoed B．addicted
C．obsessed D．fond
答案：C be annoyed with sb.“对某人厌烦”；be addicted to“对……上瘾”；be fond of“对……喜欢”；be obsessed with“对……痴迷”。2．end up竖着；直立着；结束；告终；死
①The dog can end up.
这条狗能够直立起来。
②The meeting ended up with the singing of the Internationale.
会议最后以唱《国际歌》而结束。
③If you continue to do such kind of things, you will end up in prison.
如果你继续做这种事情，你最终会坐牢的。④The fellow started with the aim of doing harm to others only to end up by ruining himself.
那个家伙以损人开始，以害己结束。
知识拓展
end in 以……结尾；以……告终
end off 结束；完结；终止
end on 正对着；一端与……相接地；正面地；以……方式结尾
end or mend (＝mend or end)要么改进，要么结束；要么治好，要么叫他死掉
end to end 首尾相接地
tail end 屁股；末端/尾；结尾部；结束时期
That's the end. (我)再也不能忍受了；(我是)忍无可忍了；(发言，播音等)完了/到此结束了。即学即用
(1)He ended up ________ the head of the company.
A．in B．with
C．as D．on
答案：C end up as＋n.“最后成为……”；“终归……”。(2)(2010·天津)Joining the firm as a clerk, he got rapid promotion，and________as a manager.
A．ended up B．dropped out
C．came back D．started off
答案：A 句意：他进公司时是职员，很快得到提升，并最终当上经理。B项表示“退出(比赛)；辍学”；C项“恢复(知觉、记忆等)；回想起；重新流行”。D项“出发；开始活动”，均不合题意。3．go against反对；违反；不利于
①She didn't dare to go against her husband's wishes.
她不敢违背丈夫的意思。
②He went against the advice of his colleagues and resigned.
他不顾同事的劝告辞了职。
③His thought goes against all logic.
他的思维完全不合逻辑。即学即用
根据汉语完成句子
(1)他违背了父母的意愿，在一个偏远的村子里做了老师。
He ________ his parents' wishes and has become a teacher in a remote village.
答案：went against(2)(2010·四川)Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back ________ a big tree.
A．in B．below
C．beside D．against
答案：D 句意：疲倦了，吉姆背靠着一棵大树很快就睡着了，against意为“靠，倚”。
4．have...in common与……有共同点
John and I have nothing in common.
约翰与我没有共同之处。
知识拓展
in common共同，共有，共用
in common with与……有共同点
out of the common非同寻常，不平凡即学即用
It is strange that they should be such good friends, especially as they have________.
A．something in common
B．many in common
C．a lot in common
D．nothing in common
答案：D 句意：真令人奇怪，他们竟成为那么好的朋友，特别是他们之间毫无共同之处。根据句意可知答案为D。1．the taste of the food食物的味道
taste
1)vi.& vt.
(1)尝；品尝
①Now people have enough money to taste a rich variety of foods.
现在人们有足够的钱品尝各种丰富的食品。
②Can I taste your drink?
我可以尝一尝你的饮料吗？(2)尝出(味道)；辨出……的味道
This tea tastes sweet.
这茶的味道很香。
(3)吃；喝
He hadn't tasted food for three days.
他已三天不曾吃东西了。
(4)(常与of连用)有……的味道
This soup tastes of chicken.
这汤有鸡的味道。
(5)体验；领略；经历
to taste the joys of freedom
领略自由的欢乐知识拓展
taste可作系动词，意为“尝起来”；无被动语态，也不用进行式。如：The apple tastes good.这苹果味道不错。此句中的good不可改为well。
2)n.
(1)味道；味觉
①My sense of taste isn't very good; I have a cold.
我的味觉不是很好，我感冒了。
②Chocolate has a sweet taste.
巧克力有甜味。(2)欣赏力；鉴赏力；体验；经历
I liked to watch her and admired her taste.
我喜欢看她的一举一动并称赞她的审美观。
a taste of success 体验到成功的喜悦
知识拓展
a taste for sth. 喜好/爱好……
to one's taste 合某人口味
be in bad/poor taste (言谈举止)失当；粗俗即学即用
From the way her sitting-room is decorated, you can tell she has a wonderful ________ in arts.
A．sense B．flavor
C．taste D．style
答案：C taste“品味；鉴赏力”；have a sense of “有……之感”；flavor “(食品的) 味道”；style “香味”。句意为通过她房间的布置，可知她有相当的艺术品味。2．No wonder my fellow guests had only a few bites of each dish; they knew what was still to come.
怪不得跟我一起的客人每道菜也就浅尝几口，他们知道还有什么菜要上。
no wonder
1)作“难怪；不足为奇；十分自然”解，为正式用法，实际上它是it is no wonder的省略形式。其后接that从句，that可省略。另外，no wonder与small wonder, little wonder同义，不过，后二者没有no wonder常用。
①The handbook is practical. No wonder (that) they like it very much.
这本手册很实用，难怪他们很喜欢。②No wonder (that) you can't sleep when you eat so much.
你吃得这么多，难怪睡不着。
2)no wonder有时与and连用，放在句尾，作“不足为奇”解。
He resigned, and no wonder.
他辞职了，此事不足为奇。
3)作“非杰出人才”解，作表语，其主语不为it。
The lecturer is no wonder.
讲演者并不出色。知识拓展
do/work wonders创造奇迹
wonder at/about(doing)sth.对……感到惊讶
It's a wonder that说来也怪
in wonder惊讶地即学即用
The machine has been used many years. ________ it doesn't work well occasionally.
A．That's because
B．It's no wonder that
C．There's no doubt if
D．It's unlikely that
答案：B 句意：“这台机器已使用多年了，难怪它偶尔运转不好呢。”3．It was quite hard to make out what they contained.
很难弄清楚它们究竟是什么做的。
make out勉强辨认出；勉强认出
I could barely make out the traffic signs through the rain.
在雨中我几乎看不清楚交通标志。知识拓展
make out的其他主要意思有：
1)理解；明白(某道理)；了解(某人的性格或行为)
①I couldn't make out why he was so angry.
我不能理解他为什么这么生气。
②What a strange man! I really can't make him out!
这人真怪！我真的不了解他！
2)声称；把……说成
He made out that he had always been unfairly treated.
他声称他一直受到不公平的对待。3)取得进展；发展(的情况)
How did you make out at the interview?
你的面试进展怎么样？
4)开(账单，收据等)
He made out a cheque for $100.
他开了一张100美元的支票。
与make有关的其他常用短语有：
1)make up组成；捏造；虚构；补足，凑足；化妆
Two scientists and three experts made up the group.(组成)
The actor was making up when we arrived.(化妆)2)make for朝某人、某物的方向移动
It's getting dark. We'd better make for home now.
天快黑了，我们现在最好回家。
3)make up for弥补或抵消某事物
Her beautiful face made up for her foolishness.
她的漂亮脸蛋弥补了她的愚蠢。即学即用
I couldn't ________ what they were saying, for they spoke to me at once.
A．listen to B．make out
C．hear D．make up
答案：B 根据语境“因为他们同时跟我说，所以我听不清他们说些什么”。
定语
一、概念
修饰名词或者代词(不定代词和疑问代词)等的词、短语或者从句称为定语。如：
①His rapid progress in English made us surprised.
他在英语方面的快速进步使我们很吃惊。(代词、形容词作定语)
②He walks with the help of a walking stick.
他在手杖的帮助下行走。(动名词作定语)二、分类
定语分为前置定语和后置定语，作前置定语的多为单个的词或复合词；作后置定语的多为词组或从句。如：
①China is a developing country; America is a developed country.
中国是发展中国家，美国是发达国家。
②Who is the man shaking hands with our teacher?
和我们老师握手的那个人是谁？三、多个形容词作定语时的顺序
多个形容词作定语时，形容词的一般排序规则：限定词＋性质(描绘/观点)＋大小、长短、高低(矮)＋形状＋年龄、新旧＋颜色＋国籍、地区、出处＋物质、材料＋用途、类别＋名词。如：
a small brown Chinese wooden writing table一张棕色的中式木质小书桌特别提示
巧记形容词作定语的顺序
美小圆旧黄，法国木书房。
“美”(beautiful)指性质，如好、坏等；“小”(small)指大小；“圆”(round)指形状；“旧”(old)指新旧；“黄”(yellow)指颜色；“法国”(French)指国籍或产地；“木”(wooden)指材料或质地；“书”(即读书的，reading)主要指用途。“房”(room)是名词，前面的形容词都是修饰成分。又如，a nice little old black Japanese leather bag一个小的漂亮的黑色的日本皮革旧包四、可用来作定语的词有形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式(短语)、动名词、现在分词、过去分词、介词短语以及从句等。
1．形容词作定语
He is an honest hardworking boy.
他是一个诚实、勤勉的男孩。注意：
1)以-able结尾的形容词作定语时后置。
He is a person dependable.
他是一个可以依靠的人 。
2)形容词修饰不定代词时后置。
Let's go somewhere quiet.
咱们去找个安静一点的地方吧。
3)当被修饰的词为以-thing, -one, -body等结尾的复合代词时，形容词后置。
Anyone intelligent can do it.
任何有才智的人都能做这件事。2．名词作定语
They are women pilots.
他们是女飞行员。
注意：
1)woman, man作定语时，当所修饰词为单数时，它们用单数；当所修饰词为复数时，它们用复数，但boy，girl一律用单数。
2)名词作定语时，一般用单数，但某些常用复数的词，当它们用做定语时，也须用复数。如：arms production武器生产；clothes shop服装商店；sales department营销部。3．代词作定语
His proposal is worth considering.
他的建议值得考虑。
4．数词作定语
The sun is 93,000,000 miles away.
太阳离我们93,000,000公里。
注意：基数词作定语可以后置。如：the year 2008/2008年， Room 315/315房间。5．副词作定语
She met me on her way home.
她在回家路上碰到我。
注意：副词作定语通常后置。6．(介词)短语作定语
①We'll have a report on current affairs on Sunday morning.
我们周日上午要听形势报告。
②It was a conferene fruitful of results.
那是一个硕果累累的会议。
③He gave me a basket full of eggs.
他给我一个装满鸡蛋的篮子。
注意：短语作定语一般后置。在“a/an＋单位＋of＋名词”的结构中，定语往往不是“of＋名词”，而是“a/an＋单位＋of”。如：a bunch of flowers一束花；two head of cattle两头牛。7．不定式(短语)作定语
That's the teaching plan for you to discuss.
这就是那份供你们讨论的教学计划。
注意：不定式(短语)作定语表示将来动作或状态，且不定式(短语)要后置。8．分词作定语
①The girl playing the piano is a fresher.
弹钢琴的那个女孩是一年级新生。
②The meeting held yesterday was important.
昨天开的那个会很重要。
注意：单个分词作定语时，放在所修饰词的前面；分词短语作定语时，放在所修饰词的后面。现在分词表示主动或正在进行的动作；过去分词表示被动或已经完成的动作。9．动名词作定语
①There is a swimming pool in their college.
他们学校有个游泳池。
②He walks with the help of a walking stick.
他在手杖的帮助下行走。
注意：动名词作定语，一般表示被修饰词之用途，常可变成后置定语for(the use of) doing(sth.)如：a pool for(the use of) swimming, a stick for(the use of)walking。即学即用
(1)(2010·湖南)So far nobody has claimed the money ________ in the library.
A．discovered B．to be discovered
C．discovering D．having discovered
答案：A 句意：到目前为止，还没有人来认领在图书馆发现的钱。句中money与discover间存在动宾关系，故用过去分词形式作后置定语，修饰money。(2)(2010·湖北)In this lecture, I can only give you a purely________view of how we can live life to the full and make some suggestions about the future.
A．private B．personal
C．unique D．different
答案：B 根据句意可知，说话人想表达的是“个人”观点，而不是“私人的”，“独特的”或“不同的”。(3)(2010·湖北)If I find someone who looks like the suspect, my________reaction will be to tell the police.
A．physical B．immediate
C．sensitive D．sudden
答案：B 句意：如果我发现某人看上去像嫌疑犯，我的即时反应就是报警。A项意为“体力的，物理的”；C项“敏感的”；D项“突然的”均不合题意。只有B项“立即的，直接的”合适。(4)(2010·山东)Mothers holding jobs outside the home should have________schedules to make it easier to care for their children.
A．heavy B．smooth
C．flexible D．complex
答案：C 句意：在外面有工作的妈妈应有灵活的工作安排，以确保他们能更容易照顾自己的孩子。A项意为“重的”，B项“顺利的”，C项“灵活的”，D项“复杂的”。(5)(2010·福建)Drunk driving, which was once a __________occurrence, is now under control.
A．general B．frequent
C．normal D．particular
答案：B 句意：醉酒驾车曾经是经常发生的事，现在得到了控制。A项意为“一般的；全面的”；B项“频繁的；经常的”；C项“正常的”；D项“特别的”，显然，B项合乎题意。(6)This________boy is Lily's cousin.
A．handsome little French
B．French little handsome
C．French handsome little
D．little handsome French
答案：A 句意：这个潇洒的法国小男孩是莉莉的堂弟。此题考查形容词作定语时的位置：总括性＋限制性＋感官性＋大小＋形状＋年龄＋新旧＋颜色＋材料＋目的＋用途＋类别＋中心词。(7)Attention, please! I have got ________to tell you all.
A．something important B．important something
C．anything important D．important anything
答案：A 句意：请注意！我有重要的事情要告诉你们。此句为肯定句，要用something；又因为形容词修饰不定代词，要放在不定代词的后面。(8)The chairman asked________to write their questions on a piece of paper and send them to the front.
A．the present members B．the members presently
C．the members present D．the presently members
答案：C 句意：主席要求在座人员把问题写在一张纸上，然后把它们传到前面。present既可作前置定语又可作后置定语，但位置不同其含义也不同，the members present“在座的成员”；the present members“现在的成员”。(9)He is not________as any of us, but he is brave enough.
A．so a good player B．so good a player
C．a player so good D．a so good player
答案：B 句意：他不像我们任何一个优秀的运动员，但他足够勇敢。as/so...as结构，其中间可以是形容词、副词原级或形容词＋名词的单数形式。(10)If I had________， I'd visit Paris shopping at all the interesting places.
A．a long enough holiday B．an enough long holiday
C．a holiday enough long D．a long holiday enough
答案：A 句意：如果我有足够长的假期，我就会去巴黎，在所有的名胜古迹处购物。enough修饰形容词或副词时放在被修饰的形容词或副词后，修饰名词时可前可后。(11)—The last one________pays the meal.
—Agreed!
A．arrived B．arrives
C．to arrive D．arriving
答案：C 题意：“最晚到的买单。”“同意！”当the first/last(one)等后需要用非谓语动词作定语且其间存在逻辑上的主谓关系时，往往用动词不定式而不用现在分词形式。(12)It is one of the funniest things________on the Internet so far this year.
A．finding B．being found
C．to find D．found
答案：D 题意：这是今年迄今为止在网上发现的最有趣的事情之一。 things 与find之间是被动关系，故用过去分词结构作后置定语修饰前面的名词。A项是现在分词结构，表示主动，与题意不符；B项是现在分词的被动式，不能做定语；C项是不定式，表示未曾发生。(13)There are plenty of jobs________in the western part of the country.
A．present B．available
C．precious D．convenient
答案：B 题意：在这个国家的西部地区有许多可得到的工作岗位。available“可获得的，可用的”，在句中作 jobs的后置定语。present“在场的，出席的”；precious“珍贵的”；convenient“方便的”。(14)The trees________in the storm have been moved off the road.
A．being blown down B．blown down
C．blowing down D．to blow down
答案：B 题意：在暴风雨中被吹倒的树已经从公路上移走了。blow down与the trees之间存在动宾关系，此时需用过去分词短语作定语，表示被动的动作。(15)We had an anxious couple of weeks________for the results of the experiment.
A．wait B．to be waiting
C．waited D．waiting
答案：D 题意：我们焦急地等待实验结果，一直等了两周。we与wait是主动关系，应用现在分词短语表示主动的动作。课件59张PPT。1．embarrassing adj.使人尴尬的，令人为难的
It is embarrassing that our streets are so dirty.
我们的街道这么脏，真叫人难堪。
知识拓展
embarrass v．使窘迫，使尴尬
embarrassment n．[U]窘迫；难堪；[C]使人为难的人(或事物)2．menu n．[C]菜单
Let us see what is on the menu today.
让我们看看今天菜单上有些什么菜。
词语辨析
menu，list，program
menu专指餐馆里的“菜单”，在计算机用语中被引申为“菜单”。
list可泛指任何“单子”。
program指“节目单，戏单”，在计算机用语中指“程序”。3．tender adj.嫩的
My steak was juicy and beautifully tender.
我的牛排多汁且柔嫩得恰到好处。
知识拓展
tender adj.亲切的，温和的1．in short总之，简言之
①In short, he is one of the most promising students I've ever seen.
总之。他是我所见过的最有前途的学生之一。
②In short, I am interested in all of the sports.
简言之，我对一切运动都感兴趣。知识拓展
常见的有关in的短语：
in addition另外 in advance预告
in case万一 in brief简单地说
in detail详细地 in effect实际上
in place在适当的位置 in private私下
in person亲自 in vain徒劳
in time及时 in public当众
in sight看得见 in reality事实上
in turn轮流，依次词语辨析
in short, in brief
in short多用来在较长叙述之后长话短说，带有“综上所述”的意思。
in brief着重于重点突出，不拖泥带水。
①In short, I am going to live there myself.
总之，我要一个人住在那里。
②There is not much time left, so I'll tell you about it in brief.
时间不多，所以我会简明扼要地告诉你。即学即用
________， the report says that more money should be spent on education.
A．In short B．In case
C．In doubt D．In turn
答案：A 句意：简言之，报告说应该在教育上多投入点儿资金。in short“简言之，总之”，符合句意。in case“假使”；in doubt“不确定”；in turn“依次，轮流”。2．by nature生来，天生，天性
①He is an adventurer by nature.
他生来就是一位冒险家。
②My father was, I am sure, intended by nature to be a cheerful, kindly man.
我确信，我父亲天生就是一个快乐善良的人。知识拓展
in nature 事实上；性质上
against nature违背自然的，有违天性的词语辨析
by nature, in nature
by nature指“天生地”，强调人出于本性的、天然的个性、性格等。
in nature指“本质上的，实际的”，强调事情的实际存在情况。
①I am an optimist by nature.
我天生是个乐天派。
②One can not do everything by oneself; it isn't in nature.
一个人不能什么都自己做；这是不切实际的。3．before long不久
在句中作时间状语。该词组可与将来时和过去时连用。
①Before long our family moved and had to give the pet away.
不久我们搬家了，并且不得不把宠物送人。
②My book will be published before long.
我的书不久就会出版。知识拓展
1)long before可单独作状语，意为“很久以前”，常与过去式连用。
We heard of it long before.
我们很久之前就听说过这件事。
2)long before还可以用于“It will be/was(not)long before...”结构中。
①It will be long before she returns to China.
要过很久她才会返回中国。
②It was not long before they realized the importance of learning English.
没过多久他们就意识到学英语的重要性了。即学即用
His plan proved to be practicable________.
A．long after B．long before
C．before long D．after long
答案：C 句意：他的计划很实用，这一点不久后得到了证实。before long不久(以后)，符合句意，before long在此作状语。定语从句
定语从句是指在句子中起定语作用、修饰句中的名词或代词的从句，其中被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。当关系代词作定语从句的主语时，其后的谓语动词的人称和数取决于先行词的人称和数。
定语从句一般位于先行词的后面，定语从句由关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that, as和关系副词when, where, why等引导。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成分。
准确地判断关系词在定语从句中所作的成分是确定关系词的关键所在，再结合先行词自身的属性便可做到万无一失。1)由who, whom, whose引导的定语从句
在这类定语从句中who用作主语，whom用作宾语，whose用作定语。
①This is the stranger who_saved_the_boy's_life.
这就是挽救了这个男孩生命的陌生人。
②An old friend of mine who_works_for_the_government came to see me yesterday.
在政府部门工作的老朋友昨天来看我了。③The lady whom_they_wanted_to_visit_ is a scientist.
他们想要访问的那个女士是位科学家。
④Who is the student whom professor Wang praised at the meeting?
王教授在会上表扬的那个学生是谁？
⑤I know a girl whose mother is a doctor.
我认识一个女孩，她的妈妈是个医生。2)由which引导的定语从句
指事物，在从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，常可省略。
①Beijing is a city which_has_a_history_of_2000_years.
北京是座具有2000年历史的城市。
②The young man was very happy to get back the laptop (which)_he_had_lost_on_the_train.
那个年轻人领回了他在火车上丢失的笔记本电脑，非常高兴。3)由that引导的定语从句
在这种定语从句中that可以指人或物，代替who, whom, which，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语(不能放在介词后面作介词宾语)。
①The comrade that_(who)_is_speaking_at_the_meeting is a friend of mine.
在会上讲话的同志是我的一个朋友。
②The letter that_(which)_I_received_yesterday was from my brother.
昨天收到的信是我哥哥寄来的。4)由when, where, why引导的定语从句
①October 1st, 1949 was the day when the People's Republic of China was founded.
一九四九年十月一日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。
(when在定语从句中作时间状语。)
②I will never forget the day when_I_met_Mr._Lu_Xun.
我永远忘不了见到鲁迅先生的那一天。
(when在定语从句中作时间状语)。③Everyone wants to visit the place where_Premier_Zhou_once_worked.
大家都想参观周总理曾工作过的地方。
(where在定语从句中作地点状语)。
④We don't know the reason why_they_didn't_keep_their_promise.
我们不知道他们为什么没有遵守诺言。
(why在定语从句中作原因状语)。5)as引导的定语从句
as也可以用作关系代词，既可以单独引出定语从句，又可与主句中的the same或such相呼应，在从句中作宾语时常省略。
I hope to get such a car _he_is_driving.
我希望得到一辆像他正在驾驶的那样的车。6)关系代词that与which的用法区别
(1)只用关系代词that不用which的情况：
①当先行词是不定代词或被不定代词所修饰时
All that he wants to do is to lie down and rest.
他现在想做的事情就是躺下休息。
②当先行词有the only, the very, just the修饰时
This is the very person that I'm waiting for.
这正是我要等的人。③当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时或本身是序数词或最高级时
This is the most interesting film that I've ever seen.
这是我看过的最有趣的电影。
④先行词既有人又有物时
Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?
你知道他们正谈的那些人和事吗？
⑤在who和which引导的特殊疑问句中
Which is the pen that you lost?
哪支铅笔是你丢的呢？⑥当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词又在从句中作表语时
My hometown is no longer the city that it used to be.
我的家乡不再是过去的样子了。
(2)只用which不用 that的情况：
①在非限制性定语从句中只用which。
②当动词短语中的介词提前时，只用which，但在固定搭配中，不能把介词提前。
This is the factory in which he once worked.
这是他曾经工作过的工厂。7)限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
根据定语从句与先行词之间的关系，定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切，起限制作用，不可去掉，中间无逗号隔开。非限制制性定语从句只对主句起补充说明的作用，如去掉从句，主句也能独立存在，意思仍然完整，从句与主句间往往有逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的引导词有which, who, whom whose, as, there, when (that, why不可引导非限制性定语从句)。即：①The book(which/that)I need is not in the library.
我所需要的那本书不在图书馆里。
②This is the room whose window was broken.
这就是窗户被打烂的房间。
③Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested stopping at the next town.
彼得开了一整天的车，提议在下一个镇子停下来。8)定语从句需注意的几个问题：
(1)如果关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语，关系代词可以省略。但是如果关系代词是放在介词后面作宾语，则不能省略。
Is there anything(that)I can do for you？(可省略)
This is the girl with_whom I work.(不可省略)
This is the girl (whom/who/that)I work with.(可省略)
(2)先行词为way时，其后的定语从句可以用that或in which引导，也可以省略引导词。
I don't like the way (in which/that)he talks to me.
我不喜欢他对我说话的方式。(3)as和which指整个主句的内容，引导非限制性定语从句的区别。
as引导的定语从句可以位于句首、句中或句末，which引导的定语从句一般只位于句末；as引导的定语从句常与know, see, report, say, expect, announce等动词连用；which引导这类定语从句时常作实义动词的主语。当引导的从句与主句之间含有并列关系或因果关系时，一般用which。①As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
我们都知道，吸烟对身体有害。
②Tom did not pass the exam, which made his mother very angry.
汤姆没通过考试，这使他母亲很生气。
③Don't read such books as have nothing to do with your studies.
不要读那些与学习无关的书。(4)“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定方法。
①根据从句中的谓语动词或主要形容词确定介词。
The witness to whom the policemen referred has been killed last night.
警察所提到的那个目击证人昨晚被杀了。(refer to提到)②根据先行词的习惯搭配确定介词。
I can't remember the age at which he won the prize.
我记不起他是在几岁时获得那个奖了。(at the age of为固定搭配)
③根据句子所要表达的意思确定介词。
He was very disappointed at his failure, because of which he was criticized.
他失败了，他因此受到了批评，也因此非常沮丧。
直击高考
(1)(2009·山东)Whenever I met her，________was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.
A．who B．which
C．when D．that
解析：本题考查非限制性定语从句中关系代词的用法，，指代前面一个句子，故用which。
答案：B(2)(2009·北京)—What do you think of teaching, Bob?
—I find it fun and challenging. It is a job________you are doing something serious but interesting.
A．where B．which
C．when D．that解析：本题题意：“鲍勃，你认为教学好吗？”“我觉得教学既有乐趣又有挑战性。你可以做一些虽然很严肃但很有趣的事情”。本题考查where引导定语从句的用法。关系副词where引导定语从句，除用在表示具体地点的名词之后外，还可用在case, conditions, situation, business, point, job等词之后，此时的where 相当于under which, from which等。例如：You could get into a situation where you have to decide immediately. 你可能遇上一种情况，使你不得不立刻做出决定。
答案：A(3)(2009·北京)At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see________it got any better.
A．when B．how C．why D．if
解析：本题题意：起初他憎恶这份新工作，但是决定给自己几个月的时间来看一看它是否会变得好一些。本题考查宾语从句的用法。宾语从句主要成分完整，含义和“是否”有关，选择if或whether引导。
答案：D(4)(2009·天津)A person________e-mail account is full won't be able to send or receive any e-mails.
A．who B．whom
C．whose D．whoever
解析：考查定语从句，________e-mail account is full是从句部分，所以选代词whose。句意：“电子邮箱账户满了的话，人们就不能发送或者接收邮件了”。
答案：C(5)(2009·天津)It is obvious to the students________they should get well prepared for their future.
A．as B．which
C．whether D．that
解析：考查句式。It is obvious that-clause“……是显而易见的；一目了然的”。句意：“学生们很明白他们应该为未来做好充分的准备”。
答案：D(6)(2009·江苏)Many young people in the West are expected to leave ________ could be life' s most important decision—marriage—almost entirely up to luck.
A．as B．that
C．which D．what
解析：考查宾语从句。句中有leave sth. to……结构。其中leave的宾语为一句子，因此应用what引导此宾语从句并在从句中做主语。
答案：D(7)(2009·全国卷Ⅰ)Could I speak to________is in charge of International Sales please?
A．who B．what
C．whoever D．whatever
解析：whoever既作to的宾语，又作is in charge of International Sales 的主语。引导宾语从句。
答案：C(8)(2009·全国卷Ⅰ)She brought with her three friends, none of________I had ever met before.
A．them B．who
C．whom D．these
解析：考查非限制性定语从句。句意为“她带着她的三个朋友，他们三个中没有一个人我曾见过。” “表示部分的词语＋of＋关系代词” 在非限制性定语从句指人只能用whom。
答案：C(9)(2009·全国卷Ⅱ)My friend showed me round the town，________was very kind of him.
A．which B．that
C．where D．it
解析：本题题意：我的朋友带我到这个镇子里到处看了看，他真好。which引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中担任主语。注意：关系代词that不能用于非限制性定语从句。
答案：A(10)(2009·浙江)—Is there any possibility ________ you could pick me up at the airport?
—No problem.
A．when B．that
C．whether D．what
解析：考查从句。本句为同位语从句，从句不缺成分，故用that引导。
答案：B(11)(2009·浙江)I have reached a point in my life ______ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.
A．which B．where
C．how D．why
解析：考查从句。本题考查定语从句引导词的选择。先行词为point，在从句中充当地点状语，故用where引导。
答案：B(12)(2009·辽宁)They've won their last three matches，________I find a bit surprising.
A．that B．when
C．what D．which
解析：考查非限制性定语从句。 which 代替前面整个句子的内容，并在从句中作宾语。句意为：他们赢了最后三场比赛，这让我感到有点惊讶。
答案：D(13)(2009·安徽)Many children，________parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village.
A．their B．whose
C．of them D．with whom
解析：考查了定语从句的用法。由于连接词需要在从句中作定语可以看出需要用whose。
答案：B(14)(2009·上海)Mozart's birthplace and the house ________ he composed ‘The Magic Flute’ are both museums now.
A．where B．when
C．there D．which
答案：A(15)(2009·上海)It is immediately clear ________ the financial crisis will soon be over.
A．since B．what
C．when D．whether
答案：D(16)(2009·上海)As a new diplomat, he often thinks of ________ he can react more appropriately on such occasions.
A．what B．which
C．that D．how
答案：D(17)(2009·湖南)I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city________ name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.
A．which B．of which
C．that D．whose
解析：本题考查定语从句。句中name是city一个特征或构成部分，是从属关系，因此用whose引导定语从句修饰先行词New Orleans。
答案：D(18)(2009·重庆)We should consider the students' request________the school library provide more books on popular science.
A．that B．when
C．which D．where
解析：考查同位语从句。that引导同位语从句，说明request的内容。句意为：我们应考虑学生的要求，__________学校图书馆应更多地给学生提供关于大众科学方面的书。
答案：A(19)(2009·四川)News came from the school office______Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.
A．which B．what
C．that D．where
解析：考查同位语从句。同位语从句多用that引导。News came that...“……的消息传来了。”，这也可记住，当作一个句型。该句意为“从学校办公室传来了王林被北大录取的消息”。
答案：C(20)(2009·重庆)Life is like a long race________we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.
A．why B．what
C．that D．where
解析：考查定语从句。where引导定语从句并在从句中做状语，相当于in which。句意：生活就像是长跑，我们在这场比赛中通过与别人竞争而超越自我。
答案：D课件76张PPT。1．outnumber v．在数量上超过……，比……多。
①Men outnumber women here in the ratio of three to one.
此地男女比例是3∶1。
②Coffee shops even outnumber teahouses in some neighborhoods.
在某些地区，咖啡屋甚至比茶馆还多。知识拓展
out-是构成派生词的前缀，表示“超过，超越；在外面，向外”，可与动词结合，也可与名词或形容词结合。
outlast比……持/耐久 outlive比……活得长
outcome n．结果，成果 outdoor adj.户外的，室外的
outmost adj.最外面的 outgoing adj.外向的
outspoken adj.坦率的 outpace vt.在速度上超过
outshine...比……出色，胜过
outward(s)adv.朝外，在外；adj.表面的；外流的
outside n．外部，外面；prep.在外面；adv.向外面；adj.外部的即学即用
Every year, tourists to the state________its permanent residents.
A．outcome B．outpace
C．outnumber D．outmost
答案：C 句意：每年来此地的游客人数比当地居民的人数还要多。outnumber“在数量上超过”，符合句意。outcome“结果”；outpace“在速度上超过”；outmost“最外面的”。2．consequence n．后果；重要性。
①Such a mistake would perhaps lead to disastrous consequences.
这样一种错误可能导致灾难性的后果。
②It's of no consequence to me.
对我而言，这无关紧要。知识拓展
consequent adj.随之而来的
as a consequence of由于，作为……的结果
in consequence of由于，作为……的结果
take the consequences(of)承担(……的)后果即学即用
The factory near the seaside was closed down as a(n)________of the terribly bad management and fund shortage.
A．summary B．consequence
C．conclusion D．effect
答案：B 句意：海边的那家工厂因管理不善和资金短缺关闭了。as a consequence of“作为……的结果，由于”符合句意。3．abundant adj.丰富的，充裕的
①The agricultural commodities are abundant this year.
今年的农产品很丰富。
②We have abundant evidence to prove his guilt.
我们有充足的证据证明他有罪。
知识拓展
abundance n．丰富，充裕
be abundant in在……方面很丰富
in abundance大量地即学即用
In the Persian Gulf area, oil is found in ________and its production has been able to keep up with world demand.
A．abundant B．abundance
C．elegance D．efficiency
答案：B 句意：波斯湾地区石油储量丰富，石油产量能满足世界的需求。in abundance意为“大量地，丰富”，符合句意。abundant是形容词，一般不作介词的宾语；elegance意为“优雅”； efficiency意为“效率”。4．altogether
1)adv. 总的说来，总而言之
It rained a lot, but altogether it was a good trip.
天老是下雨，但总的说来，这次旅行十分愉快。
2)adv.完全，全部。用于从程度上进行强调。
It was an altogether different situation.
这完全是另外一种情况。
3)adv.总共，一共
We have invited fifty people altogether.
我们一共邀请了50个人。知识拓展
all together一起，同时，同地。强调时间或地点的一致性。如：
①We have been all together for fifteen years.
我们相处了15年了。
②Can you put your books all together in this box?
你能把你的书都放进这个箱子里吗？即学即用
(2008·全国卷Ⅱ)The house still needed a lot of work, but________the kitchen was finished.
A．instead B．altogether
C．at once D．at least
答案：D 句意：房子还有许多工作要做，但至少厨房已经完成了。at least“至少”，符合句意。instead“相反”；altogether“总共”；at once“立即”。5．lamb n．[C]羔羊；[U]羔羊肉
①Lambs were sporting in the field.
羔羊在田野里嬉戏。
②We had roast lamb for dinner.
我们晚餐吃烤羔羊肉。
注意：该词中的字母b不发音。再如：tomb[tu?m]坟墓；bomb[b?m]n.炸弹；climb[klaim]v.爬(行)6．consume v．(正式)吃；喝；消耗；花费
①She consumed the big cake.
她把那块大蛋糕吃光了。
②The scholar consumed all his income on books.
这学者将他所有的收入全花在买书上面。
③We have no more right to consume happiness without producing it than to consume wealth without producing it.
如果我们不能创造幸福的生活，我们就没有任何权利享受幸福； 这正如没有创造财富就无权享受财富一样。(萧伯纳)知识拓展
consumption n．消费/耗
consumer n．顾客；消费者7．roast adj.烤好的；烤制的 v．烤，炙，烘
①He is fond of roast duck.
他喜欢烤鸭。
②The meat is roasting in the oven.
肉在炉子里烤着。词语辨析
roast，boil, fry, grill
食物的多种制作方法：roast(烤)：in the oven using oil(meat)
boil(煮)：in water(carrots)
fry(炸)：in oil or butter above the heat(sausages)
grill(烧)：under the heat (toast or meat)8．cattle n．[pl.]牛(指菜牛或奶牛)
①The cattle are in the shed.
牛在牛棚里。
②He raiseds two heads of cattle.
他养了两头牛。
注意：cattle是集合名词，作主语时谓语动词要用复数形式；head表“(牛)头数”时，单复数同形。词语辨析
bull, cow, calf, beef, veal
The male is called a bull and a young cow is called a calf. Meat from a cow is called beef and meat from a calf is called veal.
公牛叫做bull，小牛叫做 calf。牛肉是beef，小牛的肉是veal。9．justifiably adv.有正当理由地
We take pride in our motherland justifiably.
我们无可非议地为祖国感到自豪。
知识拓展
justified adj.有正当理由的
justify v．提供充分理由
justification n．[U]认为有理，认为正当
10．mutton n．[U]羊肉
People like to have mutton in winter.
冬天人们喜欢吃羊肉。词语辨析
猪、牛、羊、鸡(肉)11．gradual adj.逐渐的；逐步的①Computerization has resulted in the gradual disappearance of many manual jobs.
计算机化导致了许多手工工作的逐渐消失。
②There is a gradual increase in food prices.
食品的价格逐渐上涨。知识拓展
gradually adv.逐渐地
12．trend n．[C]趋势，趋向
①The trend in education is towards more helpful teaching methods.
教育的趋势是走向更为有益的教学方法。
②You should pay attention to the trend of public opinions.
你应该注意舆论导向。
③The current trend is towards more parttime employment.
现在的趋势是更多的人在兼职。知识拓展
set the /a trend领导时尚13．raw adj.生的；未加工过的；生疏无知的，未经训练的
①We imported raw rubber from Malaysia.
我们从马来西亚进口生胶。
②Most fruits are eaten raw.
大部分的水果是生吃的。
③All the raw materials are imported.
所有原材料都是进口的。
④I am raw to my work.
我对这工作没有经验。知识拓展
in the raw顺其自然的(地)；未开化状态的(地)
ripe adj.(水果或庄稼)成熟的14．artificial adj.人造的；人工的
①The room was decorated with artificial flowers.
房间用人造花装饰。
②This orange drink contains no artificial flavourings.
这种橙汁饮品不含人工调料。
知识拓展
art n．人工?nature n．自然
artificial adj.人工的?natural adj.自然的词语辨析
artificial, unnatural, false, unreal
artificial强调不是天然生长的，而是“人造的；人工的”。
unnatural强调某物是“不自然的”。
false强调某物带有欺骗性的假象，但是“假牙”是false tooth，则不表示带有欺骗性。
unreal是real的反义词，强调某物“不是真实的”，而是“虚假的”。15．breast n．[C]胸脯肉；胸，胸部
①They had chicken breasts for supper.
他们晚饭吃鸡胸肉。
②He had a troubled breast.
他心烦意乱。
知识拓展
make a clean breast of彻底坦白，把……和盘托出词语辨析
breast，chest
breast是指人的上半身的前面，从肩到腹的部分，即“胸”及“女人的乳房”。
chest指胸腔，即由肋骨(ribs)和胸骨围着的胸的内部，用X光透胸等的“胸”就是这一部分。
①He beat his breast in agony.
他痛苦地捶胸。
②I have a severe pain in my chest.
我胸部一阵剧痛。16．accompany v．陪伴；陪同
He was accompanied by his secretary to the hospital.
他由秘书陪着去医院了。
accompany的准确含义为“陪同……去”(＝go with...)，本身已包含了go的含义，故不能再加多余的go。
[译]他陪我们去了公园。
[误]He accompanied us to go to the park.
[正]He accompanied us to the park.
知识拓展
company n．[U]陪伴；公司17．ample adj.充足的；充裕的
①There's ample storage space in new house.
新房子有充足的贮存空间。
②This leaves her ample time to prepare three meals a day.
这样她就有充裕的时间准备一日三餐了。
注意：“足够”的程度：
ampleabundant〉充足有余enoughsufficient足够〉adequate刚够词语辨析
abundant, plentiful, ample
abundant“(数量)充足的”，常用于人、物产、资源、雨量等，含有“过多”之义。
plentiful“丰富的，充足的”，常用于食物、收获、财产等，不能用于时间、空间、思想等方面。
ample作“足够的”讲时，含有“充足有余”之义，只能修饰表示无形东西的名词，如：time, opportunity，而不能修饰表示有形东西的名词，如：tea, orange。18．pattern n．[C]图案 v．模仿；以图案装饰
①The cloth has a pattern of red and white squares.
这种布有红白方格的图案。
②Her coat is patterned on the newest fashion.
她的外套是模仿最新流行的款式制作的。
知识拓展
patterned adj.被组成图案的
The patterned cheongsam was patterned on a Qing Dynasty pattern.
那件有图案装饰的旗袍是依照清代样式裁制的。词语辨析
pattern, design
pattern指陶器、织物等的图案、花样。
design指经过设计的图样。
①Please cut out my overcoat according to this pattern.
请你照这个式样裁剪我这件大衣。
②She drew a beautiful design.
她画了一个美丽的图案。19．fence n．[C]栅栏，围栏；篱笆 v．把……用栅栏(或篱笆)围起来
①The garden was surrounded by a wooden fence.
花园被木栅栏圈了起来。
②We can't get in because there's a fence all round.
我们进不去，因为四周围了一道篱笆。
③His property is fenced with barbed wire.
他的房产四周有带刺的铁丝网。知识拓展
fence in用围墙围，封锁
fence off用栅栏隔开
sit/be on the fence观看形势
词语辨析
fence, hedge, wall, railings20．foreground n．[C](图片或照片的)前景
①Try to draw the figures in the foreground in proportion.
要把前景中的人物画得合比例。
②This is a photograph of our house, with a big tree in the foreground.
这是我家住宅的照片，宅前是一棵大树。知识拓展
background n．[C]背景
21．overhead adv.在头顶上；在空中
①The plane flew overhead.
飞机在头顶上飞。
②A flock of birds passed overhead.
一群鸟飞过上方。
③Overhead the moon was shining.
一轮明月当空照耀着。
知识拓展
overhead adj.(在)头顶上，上面的1．refer to...as把……称为
California is referred to as the “Golden State”．
加利福尼亚被称作“黄金之州”。
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It's a programme designed to ________ mainly to 10-to-16-year-old children.
A．refer B．attach
C．contribute D．appeal答案：D 考查动词。appeal to “有感染力；引起兴趣”符合句意。refer to “指的是；谈及”；attach to “ 与……有联系”；contribute to “奉献”均与句意不相符。句意为：这是一个主要适合10～16岁儿童看的节目。2．on the dot准时；按时
The three o'clock train arrived on the dot.
三点钟那班火车准时到达。
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The train started at six o'clock ________.
A．on the time B．on the dot
C．in time D．with the dot
答案：B 句意为：火车六点整准时发车。3．as a rule “通常；一般说来”；也可以为as a general rule。
He works hard as a rule.
他通常努力工作。
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He does everything ________， and never changes.
A．as a rule B．in rules
C．by rule D．as rule
答案：C 此句应取“墨守成规”之意。4．make a beeline for...直奔；径往；走近路前往
The children made a beeline for the swings.
孩子们朝着秋千直奔了过去。
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翻译句子
孩子们一放学就直奔家跑。
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答案：The children made a beeline for home after school.5．on good/close terms with...与……关系好/亲密
①We're on good terms with each other.
我们彼此交情很好。
②I haven't been on speaking terms with her after that quarrel.
那次口角之后我就一直没跟她讲话。知识拓展
1)come to terms with 接受(令人不快的)事
I think I've come to terms with losing my job now.
现在我觉得自己已经接受了失业这一现实。
2)think/talk in terms of...考虑做(某事)
We're thinking in terms of investing the money in property.
我们正在考虑投资地产业。
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They are _________________________(平等的关系)．
答案：on equal terms6．the done thing符合传统的或可以容许的行为
For most people it is still the done thing to get married.
对于大多数的人来说，结婚仍然是天经地义的事。
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Spitting on the street is just ________ (不得体的行为) in polite society.
答案：not the done thing1．The perfect host is the one who saves his guest from embarrassment whatever the cost.
极棒的主人无论花什么代价也要从窘迫中把客人解脱出来的。
save sb. from...把某人从……救出
①He saved his friend from falling.
他救了他的朋友，使他没掉下去。
②I managed to save some of the furniture from the fire.
我设法从火里救出了几件家具。知识拓展
1)to save your life 无论多么努力
I couldn't pass an exam now to save my life!
我现在无论多么努力都无法通过考试！
2)save face 保全面子
She was late because she overslept, but she invented a car accident to save face.
她因睡过头而迟到，但为保全面子，她谎称遇上了交通意外。3)save your breath不必白费口舌
I've already made a decision，so you can save your breath.
我已经作出决定，所以你不用白费口舌了。
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He saved his child ________(使之免于溺死)．
答案：from drowning2．In many homes, the willow patten plates (named after the willow tree in the centre of the design) are kept for special occasions, when important guests come to dinner.
在很多家庭中，柳树图案的盘子(因图案中心是柳树而得名)只用于一些特殊的场合，像在重要客人来赴晚宴的时候。
name after... 以……而命名
They named him after his grandfather.
他们以他祖父的名字给他取名。知识拓展
1)name作及物动词，意思是“给(某人)取名”
They named their baby son Philip.
他们给他们的男婴取名为菲利普。
2)vt. 说出(某人或某物的)名字(名称)
Can you name this plant?
你能说出这种植物的名称吗？即学即用
(1)(2010·湖南)This coastal area________a national wildlike reserve last year.
A．was named B．named
C．is named D．names
答案：A 句意：这个海滨地区去年被命名为国家野生动物保护区。句中area与name间为动宾关系，加之时间状语last year，此处应用一般过去式被动语态。翻译句子
(2)她给她的孩子起了很多总统的名字。
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答案：She named her children after many presidents.3．The first plates were made in about 1780, and were based on Chinese designs.
第一批盘子大约制造于1780年，它们以中国图案为基础。
base...on...表示“把……建立在……的基础上；以……为基础”知识拓展
base on/upon为动介短语，base是及物动词，后面可接物质名词或抽象名词作宾语，如policy, strategy, argument等；on/upon后面也可接抽象名词或物质名词，如fear, reason, evidence等。其被动形式为be based on/upon。
①These charges are based on facts.
这些起诉是以事实为依据的。
②Her good business was based on good service.
她兴隆的生意依托于良好的服务。即学即用
Your opinions ________ facts were accepted by the majority.
A．basing on B．based on
C．based at D．basing at
答案：B 句意：你的以事实为根据的建议被大多数人接受了。4．But one evening, when the Mandarin was entertaining guests at a banquet, Chang arrived dressed up as a servant.
但一天晚上，当那位官员举行宴会款待客人的时候，阿常扮作一位随从混了进来。
dress up装扮；穿上盛装
该短语为动副短语1)可单独使用，也可和介词搭配使用。
①The little girl likes dressing up (in her mother's clothes)．
那个小女孩喜欢(穿上妈妈的衣服)打扮。
②Don't bother to dress up for the party.
不必为这次聚会穿礼服。
③The boy dressed up as an astronaut.
那男孩装扮成宇航员。2)dress up中间可接表示人或物的词，表示“对某人(物)加以润色；伪装”。
He dressed the facts up to make them more interesting.
他把那些事实润饰一番，使它们听起来更有趣味。即学即用
The report was rather short so he ________ with some additional details.
A．dressed it up B．did it up
C．made it up D．took it up
答案:A 句意：报告很短，所以他添枝加叶地增加了一些细节。dress sth. up“掩饰；修饰”。5．He and some servants followed Kun Xi and Chang to the island and set fire to the hut where they were sleeping.
他和几个随从尾随坤喜和阿常来到小岛后，在他们睡觉的时候，放火焚烧了他们的茅舍。
set fire to放火烧；点燃；生火
该短语为动名介短语，后接名词或代词作宾语，也可以说set sth. on fire。
①They set fire to the fallen leaves.
＝They set the fallen leaves on fire.
他们点火烧掉了落叶。②The waste paper should be set fire to.
这些废纸应该烧掉。
注意：fire前没有冠词。即学即用
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The person who ________ (给学校纵火) was sentenced to life imprisonment.
答案：set fire to the school6．The two of them were killed in the fire, but their souls were transformed into songbirds，...
两个人都被烧死在火里，但是他们的魂魄变成了鸣禽，……
transform v. 转化；转变；常和into搭配。
①A fresh coat of paint can transform a room.
房间重新粉刷一遍可大为改观。
②She used to be terribly shy, but a year abroad has completely transformed her.
她过去十分腼腆，但在国外待了一年以后完全变了。③Transform the area from a desert into a swamp.
把该地区由沙漠变为沼泽。
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翻译句子
那片荒地被改造成了一个公园。
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答案：The area of wasteland was transformed into a park.
