课件112张PPT。1．leap n．[C]/v.飞跃，跳跃
①He got over the stream with a single leap.
他一跃就跳过了小溪。
②The production is increasing by leaps and bounds.
生产正在极其迅速地增长。知识拓展
by/in leaps and bounds极其迅速地
make leaps跳几下
leap to one's feet突然站起
Look before you leap.(谚)三思而行。词语辨析
leap/jump, bounce, hop2．joint adj.共同的；联合的 n．[C]关节；接头
①By their joint effort they managed to complete the project on time.
他们通过共同努力按时完成了计划。
②He worked in a joint venture.
他在一家合资企业工作。
③My knee joints have been aching for a week.
我的膝关节疼了一个星期了。知识拓展
out of joint脱臼；出了问题，处于混乱状态
join v．连接，结合，联合图解
3．launch v．发射
①They have launched a man-made satellite successfully.
他们成功地发射了一颗人造卫星。
②We launched a rocket into space.
我们发射了一枚火箭到太空。
特别提示
发射的东西比较大时用launch，如misile(导弹)；“投篮”和“射箭”用shoot，不用throw, cast。4．permanent adj.永恒的；固定的
①Nature is permanent.
自然是永恒的。
②This is my permanent address.
这是我的固定地址。知识拓展
temporary adj.暂时的，临时的；短期的，短暂的
I refer specifically to permanent residents, in contradiction to temporary visitors.
我是专指永久居民而言，以区别临时访客。5．establish v．建立，设立，创办；确立，确定
①The college was established in 1940.
该学院设立于1940年。
②He has established the theory.
他已确立了那项学说。知识拓展
establishment n．[U]建立，确定，确立
6．decade n．[C]十年
Prices have risen steadily during the past decade.
在过去十年里，物价一直在上涨。7．historic adj.历史性的，有重大历史意义的
①The historic battle changed the fate of two nations.
这一历史性的战役改变了两个民族的命运。
②This is a historic occasion.
这是具有历史意义的时刻。词语辨析
historic, historical
historic有历史意义的，历史性的(famous or important in history)
historical历史的，历史上的(concerning or existing in history)
a historic event有历史意义的事件，历史性事件
a historical event 历史上的事件8．tune v．收看(电视)；收听(广播) n．[C]曲调，曲子
①Stay tuned to this station for the latest news.
请继续收听本台的最新消息。
②He played a tune on the violin.
他用小提琴演奏了一曲。知识拓展
in tune(with)(与……)协调，(与……)一致
?out of tune(with)(与……)不协调，(与……)不一致
tune in (to)收看，收听9．human being人
①The AIDS virus is spreading quickly among human beings.
艾滋病病毒正迅速在人类之间传播。
②Human beings can talk, while animals can't.
人能讲话，而动物不能。
词语辨析
human being, man, mankind
human being为可数名词，指人时较具体，以区别于动物、鬼神之类。
man“人类”，前不加限定词，单数形式为泛指。其指示代词是he, his, him。
mankind“人类”，无冠词，为不可数名词，含义广泛。以代词it代替。10．accustomed adj. 经常的；惯常的
She spoke with her accustomed modesty.
她以她惯有的谦虚态度讲了话。知识拓展
常用词组：
1)be(get, become, grow)accustomed to...“习惯于……”，其后接名词、代词、动名词时表示“习惯于某事物”；当其后接不定式时表示“经常，惯常做某事”。
①I'm not accustomed to getting up so early to do morning exercise.
我不习惯于这么早起床进行晨练。
②She belongs to that class of people who are accustomed to having their own way.
她属于经常为所欲为的那一类人。2)accustom oneself to 使自己习惯于……；养成……的习惯
You must accustom yourself to getting up early.
你必须使自己习惯于早起。即学即用
(1)She was a person________eight hours' sleep a night.
A．used to have
B．be used to having
C．accustomed to have
D．accustomed to having
答案：D accustomed to having为形容词短语作定语修饰person。(2)Not ________ to the cold weather there, he had to come back home earlier.
A．accustoming B．accustomed
C．being accustoming D．to accustom
答案：B 考查非谓语动词。句意为：由于不适应那里寒冷的天气，他不得不早早回家。根据题干结构，此处需用短语作状语，因accustom为及物动词，所以A项后应带宾语，否则需用被动结构。C项明显不对，D项表目的，与题意不符。题中Not accustomed to the cold weather there相当于原因状语从句Because he was not accustomed to the cold weather there。11．witness v. 当场看到，目击
Police have appealed for anyone who witnessed the incident to contact them.
警察恳求目击证人与他们联系。
知识拓展
1)witness v. 还有“是发生……的地点(时间、组织等)；见证”的意思。
Recent years have witnessed the great changes of our society.
近几年见证了我们社会的巨大变化。2)witness n. 目击者；证人
常用短语：
be witness to sb. 目击，看见了(某事发生)
bear/give witness to sth. 为某事作证
①He has been witness to a terrible murder.
他目击了一场可怕的杀人案。
②She will bear witness to his honesty.
她将为他的诚实作证。即学即用
完成句子
Many people________(目击，看到)the accident.
答案：witnessed12．worth adj. 值得……的；有……的价值
The computer is worth the price.
这台计算机值那些钱。知识拓展
be worth doing“值得做”，动名词主动形式表示被动含义。
The novel is well worth reading.
这本小说很值得一读。词语辨析
worth与worthy
1)worthy adj. “有价值的；值得的”，能作定语，但worth不能。
2)worthy作表语时与of搭配，后接名词或动名词，也可接动词不定式。但动词不定式与动名词一般用其被动形式；worth后可以接名词或动名词，动名词用主动形式。①All these matters are worthy of attention.
所有这些事情都值得注意。
②The plan is worthy to be discussed.
这个计划值得进一步讨论。
③The play is worthy of being watched.
这个戏剧值得一看。即学即用
It's an idea that is________.
A．worth considering
B．worth being considered
C．worth of considering
D．worth to consider
答案：A worth considering“值得被考虑”；be worth doing是主动形式表被动的含义。1．heart in one's mouth 胆战心惊；提心吊胆
their hearts in their mouths 在这儿是独立主格结构作伴随状语，也可用with their hearts in their mouths或one's heart in one's mouth来代替。
My heart in my mouth, I went into the dark house.
我提心吊胆地走进了那所漆黑的房子。2．be aware of “意识到；觉察到”；常作表语或状语。
She ran away as soon as she was aware of the danger.
她一觉察到有危险就跑掉了。即学即用
Last night I was busy doing my homework and not______of the time.
A．aware B．careful
C．afraid D．known
答案：A be aware of“意识到……”3．take risks(a risk)冒危险＝run risks(a risk)
She doesn't like to take risks.
她不喜欢冒风险。
知识拓展
1)run/take the risk of doing 冒……的危险
I don't want to run/take the risk of losing my friend.
我不想冒失去朋友的危险。
2)risk vt. risk＋名词/doing冒着……的危险
I will risk the punishment/being punished.
我明知会受处罚也要做。即学即用
It would be ________ a risk to let the child go to school by himself, which no one shows any doubt about.
A．following B．passing
C．running D．carrying
答案：C 考查固定词组的用法。run/take a risk“冒风险”。4．take off 起飞；脱掉；成名
The plane took off very smoothly.
飞机很平稳地起飞了。
知识拓展
take构成的常用词组：
1)take away 拿走
2)take down 拿下；记下
3)take food/medicine 吃食物/药4)take up 从事(职业)；开始学习；占去(时间/空间)
After he retired from work, my father took up gardening.
我父亲退休后开始从事园艺。
5)take on呈现；雇佣；承担(工作、责任等)
6)take place 发生
7)take one's place＝take the place of 代替
8)take care of 照顾；照管
9)take a train/bus乘火车/公共汽车10)take for认为；误以为
He took John for Jack.
他把约翰误认为杰克。
11)take out拿出；取出
12)take sth. for granted 认为某事理所当然即学即用
Generally speaking，________according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.
A．when taking B．when taken
C．when to take D．when to be taken
答案：B1．By the time the Challenger took off in 1986, the world seemed to have lost its fear and wonder at the amazing achievement of people going up into space.
到1986年“挑战者”号起飞之前，人们似乎已经沉醉于人类走进太空这一巨大成就而忘记了恐惧，也失去了好奇。
seem to have done 似乎已做
seem to be doing 似乎正在做
seem to do 似乎要做①She seems to have won the first place.
她好像得了第一名。
②They seem to be talking about something.
他们好像在谈论什么。
③I seem to know him.
我好像认识他。即学即用
完成句子
She seems to________(已看过那本书了)．
答案：have read the book2．The world was in shock—maybe they assumed this space flight would be no more dangerous than getting on an aeroplane.
全世界都震惊了——也许他们原本都认为这次太空飞行跟乘坐飞机一样没什么危险。
1)assume v. 假设；假定；认为
He is assuming that the misunderstanding will be cleared up.
他以为误会将会消除。知识拓展1)
(1)assume v. 承担；担任
This time I made the mistake and will assume responsibility for it.
这次我犯了错误，我将为此承担责任。
(2)assumption n. 假定；假设；承担
My assumption that he had passed the examination was wrong.
我本来以为他已通过了考试，结果我错了。(3)on the assumption that...在……的假定之下
We are working on_the_assumption_that(＝assuming/suppose/supposing/provided that...) we can carry out the plan in a week.
我们在一星期内可以完成计划的假定之下工作着。
2)no more...than...＝not...any more than...……与……一样不……
①He is no more a good player than I am.
他和我一样都不是好球员。
②I am no more satisfied than she is.
我和她一样不满意。知识拓展2)
no more than 仅仅……(表数量程度之少)；只不过……
①She ate no more than a slice of toast for breakfast.
她早餐仅吃了一片吐司。
②The theatre was no more than a painted barn.
那戏院只不过是个漆了油漆的库房而已。即学即用
What a pity! This film is________the one we saw last weekend.
A．as good as B．no good as
C．no better than D．no worse than
答案：C3．We didn't have much patience waiting for the launch.
我们没有很大的耐心来观看这次发射。
have patience(in)doing sth. 有耐心地做某事
I have much patience looking after the children.
我在照看孩子方面很有耐心。知识拓展
out of/with patience(不)耐心/烦地
have difficulty(in)doing sth. 做某事有困难
have trouble(in)doing sth. 做某事有麻烦
have fun(in)doing sth. 做某事很高兴
He had no difficulty in finding her house.
他没费劲就找到了她的家。即学即用
I'll look into the matter as soon as possible, just have a little________.
A．wait B．time
C．patience D．rest
答案：C4．In spite of all our advanced technology, the world is still only at the very beginning of its voyage into space.
即使我们掌握了现在的全部先进技术，我们这个世界仍然只是处于太空旅行的起步阶段。
in spite of“尽管”；与despite同义，常可互换，后面都可接名词短语或由what引出的名词性从句，区别在于despite不与of连用。
Despite/In spite of what his parents said to him, he made the same mistake.
尽管他的父母告诉过他，他还是犯了同样的错误。知识拓展
in spite of oneself 不由自主地
He fell asleep, in spite of himself.
他不由自主地睡着了。即学即用
________great efforts we failed to carry our plans through.
A．In spite of B．Though
C．Although D．Considering
答案：A5．It is the biggest space disaster so far, and slows down the American space programme.
这是迄今为止最大的一次太空灾难，且减缓了美国的太空进程。
1)so far“迄今为止；到这个地步(这种程度)”；一般用作时间状语或程度状语。
①He has written three books so far.
到目前为止，他已写了3本书。②I can only help him so far.
我能帮他的仅止于此。
2)slow down 慢下来；减速
Slow down before you reach the crossroads.
车开到十字路口时，要减速。知识拓展
slow adj. 慢的；adv. 慢地
①My watch is five minutes slow.
我的表慢了5分钟。
②How slow the time passes!
时间过得多么慢啊！即学即用
完成句子
When you drive to a crossing you'd better____(减速)．
答案：slow down名词性从句(1)
名词性从句就是相当于名词的句子在句子中作从句，充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语，因而可把名词性从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一、主语从句
1．引导主语从句的关联词有三类
(1)从属连词that(不充当句子成分，仅起引导作用，通常用it作形式主语)
That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.很明显，她们的确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。(2)从属连词whether
Whether he'll come here isn't clear.
他是否会来这里还不清楚。
(3)连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever；连接副词where，when，how，why
①What she did is not yet known.
她做了什么尚不清楚。
②How this happened is not clear to anyone.
这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。2．主语从句能用it作形式主语。
常以it作形式主语的句型有：
(1)It＋be＋形容词(obvious，true，natural，surprising，good，wonderful，funny，possible，likely，certain，probable, etc.)＋that从句。
①It is certain that she will do well in her exam.
毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。
②It is probable that he told her everything.
很可能他把一切都告诉了她。(2)It＋be＋名词词组(no wonder，an honour，a good thing，a pity，no surprise，etc.)＋that从句。
①It's a pity that we can't go.
很遗憾我们不能去。
②It's no surprise that our team should have won the game.
我们赢这场比赛并不意外。(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said，reported，thought，expected，decided，announced，arranged，etc.)＋that从句。
①It is said that Mr Green has arrived in Beijing.
据说格林先生已经到北京了。
②It is reported that China has sent Shenzhou Ⅵ spaceship into space.
据报道中国成功地发射了神舟6号太空飞船。(4)It＋seems/happens等不及物动词及短语＋that从句。
①It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.
艾丽斯似乎不来参加晚会。
②It happened that I was out that day.
碰巧我那天外出了。(5)It doesn't matter(makes no difference，etc.)＋连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。
①It doesn't matter whether she will come or not.
她是否来无关紧要。
②It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.
我们在哪里开会毫无区别。(6)当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。
①Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week?
下周那位科学家将给我们作报告是真的吗？
②Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow?
他们明天不来要紧吗？(7)当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，要以it作形式主语而把主语从句后置。
How strange it is that the children are so quiet!
孩子们这么安静真奇怪！3．注意连接代词whoever，whatever，whichever等引导主语从句的含义。
①Whoever(＝the person who)comes will be welcome.
来的任何人都将受到欢迎。
②Whatever(＝the thing that)he did was right.
他所做的事情是正确的。
③Whichever of you(＝Anyone of you who)comes in will receive a prize.
你们当中不论哪个进来都将会得到奖励。4．由what，whatever，whoever等引导的主语从句，必须置于谓语动词之前，不能用it作形式主语。
①Whatever was said here must be kept secret.
在这儿所说的话必须保密。
②Whoever breaks the law should be punished.
任何违反法律的人都应该受到惩罚。二、宾语从句
1．引导宾语从句的关联词有三类：
(1)从属连词that(在宾语从句中常可以省略)
He told us that he felt ill.
他对我们说他感到不舒服。
但在以下情况下that不能省略：
①Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.
大家都会看出所发生的事并知道汤姆非常害怕。
(and连接两个宾语从句，that宾语从句放在and的后面时，that不能省略。)②I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.
对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。
(that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。)
③That he ever said such a thing I simply don't believe.
我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。
(that从句位于句首时，that不可省略。)④We decided，in view of his special circumstances，that we would admit him for a probationary period.
鉴于他的特殊情况，我们决定应允他一段试用期。
(主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。)
(2)从属连词if/whether
①I doubt whether he will succeed.
我怀疑他是否会成功。
②I don’t know if you can help me.
我不知道你能否帮助我。(3)连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever；连接副词where，when，how，why
①Who or what he was，Martin never learned.
他是什么人？他是干什么的？马丁根本不知道。
②I wonder what he's writing to me about.
我不知道他要给我写信说什么。
③I'll tell you why I asked you to come.
我会告诉你我为什么要你来。2．介词宾语从句
宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语
①He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day.
他对那天发生的事感到很不快。
②Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.
你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做。
有时介词可以省略
I don't care(for)who marries him.
我不介意谁跟他结婚。3．作介词的宾语：连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except，but，in后，其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导则需用it先行一步作形式宾语。
①He is a good student except that he is careless.
他是一个好学生，只是有点粗心。
②You may rely on it that I shall help you.
你可以指望我会帮助你的。4．如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。
①We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.
我们认为小王昨天没来很奇怪。
②He has made it clear that he will not give in.
他已表明他不会屈服。5．某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，这类形容诃或过去分词有sure，glad，certain，pleased，happy，afraid，surprised，satisfied等，连词that可省略。
①I am not sure what I ought to do.
我不能确定我该做什么。
②Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.
妈妈为她的女儿通过了考试而感到高兴。6．连词whether(...or not)或if引导的宾语从句
if和whether引导的宾语从句可以互换使用，但whether常和or not连用，if不与or not连用。
I wonder whether it is true or not.
我不知道它是真是假。7．宾语从句的否定转移
在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词形成的否定句中，否定词前移。
①I don't think you are right.
我认为你错了。
②I don't believe they have finished their work yet.
我相信他们还未完成他们的工作。
③I don't suppose he cares，does he?
我想他不在意，是吗？8．在think，believe，imagine，suppose，guess，hope等动词以及I'm afraid等后，可用so代替一个肯定的宾语从句，还可以用not代替一个否定的宾语从句。
—Do you believe it will clear up?
你认为天气将会晴朗吗？
—I believe so./I don't believe so.(I believe not.)
我认为是。/我认为不会。9．宾语从句的时态变化规律
(1)当主句是一般现在时态时，从句可根据需要用任何时态。
(2)当主句是一般过去时态时，从句只能使用过去范围内的任何时态，但客观真理除外。
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
老师说地球围绕着太阳转。三、表语从句
1．引导表语从句的关联词的种类。
(1)从属连词that
The trouble is that I have lost his address.
麻烦的是我把他的地址丢了。
(2)从属连词whether，as，as if
①He looked just as he had looked ten years before.
他看起来还与10年前一样。
②The question is whether they will be able to help us.
问题是他们是否能帮我们。注意：从属连词if不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句。
All this was over twenty years ago，but it's as if it were only yesterday.
这都是20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一样。(3)连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever, whatever，whichever；连接副词where，when，how，why
①The problem is who we can get to replace her.
问题是我们能找到谁去替换她。
②The question is how he did it.
问题是他是如何做此事的。
③That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.
那就是她今天早晨上了阁楼做的。(4)where，why，because，how等引导的从句作This is或That is的表语时，表示具体的地点、原因、方式等。
This is why we put off the sports meet.
这就是我们推迟运动会的原因。
连词because可引导表语从句
I think it is because you are doing too much.
我想这是因为你做得太多。2．主语是reason时，表语从句常用that，不用because。
①The reason for his absence was that he was ill.
他缺席的原因是他病了。
②The reason why he didn’t come was that he was ill.
他没来的原因是他病了。3．在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气“should＋动词原形”表示，should可省略。
My suggestion is that we(should)start early tomorrow.
我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。四、同位语从句
1．同位语从句的先行词多为fact，news，idea，thought，question，reply，promise，truth，report，remark等，关联词多用从属连词that(不用which)。
①They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.
对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。
②Where did you get the idea that I could not come?
你在哪里听说我不能来？
③Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.
德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。2．同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导。
I have no idea whether he'll come or not.
我不知道他是否来。3．连接代词who，which，what和连接副词where，when，why，how亦可引导同位语从句。
①The question who should do the work requires consideration.
谁该做这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。
②We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.
到哪儿去度假，这个问题我们还没有解决。
③It is a question how he did it.
那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。
4．that 引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别
that引导同位语从句时只起连接从句的作用，无意义，不充当句子成分，不可省略。that在定语从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当一个句子成分，如果在定语从句中作宾语时可省略。
①The news that Mr Li will be our new English teacher is true.
李先生将成为我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。(同位语从句，that不可省)②The news(that)he told me yesterday is true.
他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。(定语从句，that在从句中作told的宾语，可省)5．一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气，即用“should＋动词原形”表示，should可省。
This is our only request that this(should)be settled as soon as possible.
这就是我们惟一的请求：尽快解决这个问题。
即学即用
(1)(2009·江西)The fact has worried many scientists ________ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.
A. what B. which
C. that D. though
答案：C 考查同位语从句的用法。从句中不缺任何成分，故用that来引导。句意为“这些年来，地球变得越来越暖和，这个事实已让许多科学家担心。”(2)(2009·陕西)The new book can be of help to______wants to do the job.
A. who B. whomever
C. no matter who D. whoever
答案：D 考查名词性从句。此处从句做介词to的宾语，是名词性从句，引导词做从句的主语，指人，意为“无论是谁”，故选D。(3)(2009·福建)It's helpful to put children in a situation________they can see themselves differently.
A．that B．when
C．which D．where
答案：D 考查定语从句。先行词是situation，指物，亦可指地点，关系词在从句中做地点状语，用关系副词where，选D。(4)(2008·全国Ⅰ)The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit________the season.
A．whatever B．wherever
C．whenever D．however
答案：A 本题题意：无论什么季节，律师都穿同一套制服。whatever表示“(无论做什么或发生什么都没关系，因为结果都一样)无论什么，不管什么”，相当于no matter what，引导让步状语从句。注意：状语从句省略了谓语动词is.(5)(2008·安徽)Students are always interested in finding out________they can go with a new teacher.
A．how far B．how soon
C．how often D．how long
答案：A 句意为“学生总是对发现他们能与新老师相处到什么程度充满兴趣。”how far基本含义为“多远的距离”，去掉how则为they can go far with a new teacher。(6)(2008·福建)________is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.
A．It B．What
C．As D．Which
答案：B 本题考查了主语从句的用法。what引导整个句子作第二个is的主语，同时又在从句中作主语。(7)(2008·湖南)When asked________they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved.
A．what B．why
C．whom D．which
答案：A 考查宾语从句引导词。本句需填一个引导词，引导一个宾语从句，且宾语从句又缺宾语，故只能选what。(8)(2008·山东)________was most important to her, she told me, was her family.
A．It B．This
C．What D．As
答案：C 本题主要考查主语从句的用法。句意为：“她告诉我，对她来说最重要的是家庭。”she told me为插入语，what was most important to her为主语从句，其中what又是主语从句的主语。其他选项无此双重语法功能。(9)(2008·江西)Animals suffered at the hands of Man________they were destroyed by people to make way for agricultural land to provide food for more people.
A．in which B．for which
C．so that D．in that
答案：D 考查连词。A、B属于定语从句结构；so that“以便”；in that“既然；因为”，相当于because。句意为：“动物吃尽了人类的苦头因为人们为了扩大农业用地为更多的人提供食物而使动物受到了损坏。”(10)(2008·浙江)Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from________their parents speak at home.
A．what B．that
C．which D．one
答案：A 考查宾语从句的连接词。从句中speak缺宾语，故选what。what引导宾语从句，同时在从句中作speak的宾语。that只起连接作用，不作从句的成分。which引导宾语从句意为“哪一个”，含有选择的意味。one无连接作用。课件53张PPT。1．advanced adj.高级的，先进的
①My younger sister studied advanced math.
我妹妹学过高等数学。
②Ancient Greece was an advanced civilization.
古希腊是个先进的文明国家。
词语辨析
elementary, intermediate, advanced
elementary初级的；intermediate中级的；advanced高级的2．burst v．爆炸，破裂
①If you blow that balloon up any more it will burst.
那气球再吹就要破了。
②Water-pipes often burst in cold weather.
水管在寒冷的天气里经常冻裂。
知识拓展
注意burst与into和out的搭配：词语辨析
burst, explode, erupt3．depend
1)vi.依赖，依靠
常与on/upon连用，depend on/upon相当于rely on/upon。
The country depends/relies heavily on its tourist trade.
这个国家主要依靠它的旅游贸易。
2)v.随……而定，取决于
It (all)depends(on)whether she will come or not.
这取决于她来还是不来。知识拓展
dependence n．依靠，依赖
dependable adj.可靠的
independence n．独立，自立
independent adj.独立的
dependent adj.依靠的，依赖的
It(all)depends./That(all)depends.视情况而定4．view
1)vt.看；观察
①The best way to select a project is to view its details.
选择一个工程最好的方法就是看它的细节。
②To view it as a whole, the situation is fairly good.
从总体上看，形势相当好。
2)n.视野，风景；见解
①The valley was hidden from view in the mist.
山谷隐没在雾霭之中，看不见了。
②His view of life is different from yours.
他的人生观与你的不同。知识拓展
at first view/sight乍一看，一见(就)
come into view/sight出现在眼前
in view呈现在眼前；在考虑中
in view of鉴于，由于
in one's view依某人的看法
on view在展示中，陈列着词语辨析
view, scene, scenery, sight
view指在远处或高处从人的角度看到的scenery的一部分。
scene指“一眼可以浏览的风景”，但多半包括其中的人物及其活动。
scenery指该地区的“整个风景”，由多个scene构成的景色。
sight“风景，名胜”，常用复数形式，指人文景观。3)vt. 认为；看待；看……
view...as...把……视为……
view...with...(以某种方式)看待……
①When the car was first built, the design was viewed as highly original.
这辆车刚造好时，其设计被认为是独具匠心的。
②She has always viewed him with suspicion.
她总是以怀疑的目光看待他。即学即用
________from the outside, the company seemed genuine(真的)．
A．Viewing B．View
C．Viewed D．Having viewed
答案：C 本句意思为：从外表上看，这家公司倒像是真的。1．The different colours show exactly what the rings are made of: the red means the ring contains tiny pieces of rock and the blue and green is likely to be a mixture of water and frozen gases.
不同的颜色恰好表明了这些光环由什么组成：红色意味着光环中含有微小的岩石颗料，而蓝色和绿色晕圈则很可能是水和结冰气体的混合物。
be made of...由……制成
Many beautiful things are made of glass.
许多漂亮的东西都是由玻璃制成的。知识拓展
make 构成的常用词组：
1)be made in＋产地，意为“在……制造”。
The colour TV sets are made in China.
这些彩电是中国制造的。
2)be made into＋产品，意为“制成……”。
Bamboo can be made into chairs.
竹子可用来做椅子。
3)be made(out)of＋原料/材料(能看出原材料)，意为“用……制成”。
These chairs were made of wood.
这些椅子是木制的。4)be made from＋原料/材料(看不出原材料)，意为“用……制成”。
Bread is made from wheat.
面包是用小麦加工而成的。
5)be made up of＋组成部分，意为“由……组成”。
The football team is made up entirely of new players.
这个足球队全部由新队员组成。即学即用
At the end of 2008, there were around 3 000 foreign printing companies in China，________up around 2 percent of national total.
A．made B．to make
C．making D．having made
答案：C2．It was launched in 1997 and its mission was to explore the“gas giant”planet which is the furthest planet to be seen from the Earth without a telescope.
它于1997年被发射，其使命是探索“巨型气体团”土星，这是不用望远镜从地球上可以看到的最远行星。
the furthest planet to be seen from the Earth 从地球上看到的最远行星，to be seen是动词不定式作定语修饰planet。
There are lots of problems to be settled.
有许多要解决的问题。知识拓展
动词不定式作定语的情况：
1)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。
①The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.
布朗一家有一座舒适的房子住。
②There is nothing to worry about.
没有什么可担心的。
但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place或way时，不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。①He had no money and no place to live(in)．
他没有钱，也没有住的地方。
②We found a way to solve this problem(in)．
我们找到了一种解决这个问题的方法。
2)当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时；不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较：
①Have you anything to send?
你有什么东西要寄吗？
(不定式to send的动作执行者是“你”)
②Have you anything to be sent?
你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗？
(不定式to be sent的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”)3)用不定式作定语的几种情况：
(1)不定式表将来
I borrowed some books to read during my holiday.
我借了一些书在假期中读。
(2)不定式用来修饰序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词。
①He was the best man to do the job.
他是做这项工作的最佳人选。
②She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
她是在奥运会中赢得金牌的第一位妇女。③Women and children were the first to get into the lifeboats.
妇女和儿童先进入了救生艇。
(3)用来修饰的词是抽象名词时，常见的有：ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time等。
①Do you have the ability to read and write English?
你有读和写英语的能力吗？
②I have no chance to go sight-seeing.
我没有去观光的机会。即学即用
I need some paper________.
A．to write with B．to write about
C．to write on D．to write
答案：C3．...Titan, which is believed to be the only body in the solar system other than the Earth with liquid on the surface.
……，人们都认为那是太阳系中除了地球以外惟一表面有液体的星体。
other than 除了；除……之外
I can't do other than obey.
我除了服从别无他法。知识拓展
other than作“除……外”解时，常可与no, not, never, nothing, hardly等连用；other than后面可接代词、名词、副词或不定式(other than前面的谓语动词为do时，不定式不带to，否则要带to)。
①There was nothing they could do other than spend the night in the woods.
他们只得在树林里过夜。
②She bought some books other than novels.
她买了几本书，而不是小说。
③What really happened is quite other than what you think.
真正发生的事情与你想象的大不相同。即学即用
You should help me because I have nobody to turn to________you.
A．rather than B．other than
C．more than D．less than
答案：B other than “除……以外”；rather than“而不是”；more than “多于”；less than“不到；少于”。4．The images of Titan and Phoebe look strangely like photos of the Earth and our own Moon, taken decades ago by the earliest space missions.
土卫六和土卫九的图片看起来特别像几十年前由最早的太空工作站所拍摄的关于地球和我们的月球的照片。
strangely adv. 异常地；奇怪地；不可思议地
①She has been acting very strangely.
近来她举止十分反常。
②The house was strangely quiet.
房子静得出奇。
③Strangely enough, I don't feel nervous at all.
真奇怪，我一点也不紧张。即学即用
________，some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless.
A．Strangely enough
B．Enough strangely
C．Strange enough
D．Enough strange
答案：A enough放在形容词或副词后作状语，因为是修饰整个句子，所以要用副词strangely。5．They are so clear that it is easy to forget they are coming from a distance of one-a-half-billion kilometres.
它们是如此清晰，以至于很容易使人忘记它们来自距离我们15亿千米的地方。
so...that...“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。
The stone is so heavy that I can't lift it.
石头如此重，以至于我搬不动它。知识拓展
结果状语从句
1)引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so that, so...that..., such...that...
在非正式语体中，由so...that...，such...that...引导的句子中that可以省略，注意其结构形式：①Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.＝Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him.
迈克是一个很诚实的人，我们都信任他。
②It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.
今天天气很好，我们都想去公园。
③He earned so little money that he couldn't support his family.
他挣的钱很少，以至于不能养家糊口。
试比较：①It is not surprising that such little worms eat so little grain.
这么小的虫子吃这么少的谷物并不令人感到惊讶。
②Tom studied very hard so that he passed the exams.
汤姆学习很用功，结果考试及格了。
当so或such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。
So clever was he a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.
他是一个非常聪明的学生，因此他能解决所有的难题。2)除结果状语从句外，too...to...“太……而不能……”， enough to...“达到某种程度可以……”， so...as to...“那么……以至于……”等不定式结构同样可以表示结果。如：
He didn't get up early enough to catch the bus.
＝He got up too late to catch the bus.
＝He got up so late as to miss the bus.
他起得很晚，以至于没有赶上公共汽车。直击高考
(2008·海南)The weather was________cold that I didn't like to leave my room.
A．really B．such
C．too D．So
解析：本题题意：天气太冷了，我不想离开房间。本题考查so/such…that…句型，中心词为形容词cold，所以采用so.
答案：D名词性从句(2)
1．what/who, whatever/whoever等的用法区别：
一般说来，what/who等含特指意义，而whatever/whoever等含泛指意义，意为“无论什么/无论谁”。
①Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
无论谁最后离开房间都应该关灯。
(这里whoever表泛指意义，不能改用no matter who，因为后者只能引导状语从句)②I can't remember at the moment who has said the words.
我不记得当时是谁说的那些话。(这里的who指特定的某人)2．where, when, why等连接副词引导的名词性从句：where, when, why等连接副词也可引导名词性从句，使用的关键是：这个词必须符合句子的逻辑要求。
①I have no idea when he will be back.
我不知道他什么时候回来。
②Is that why you had a few days off?
这就是你有几天离开的原因吗？3．whether与if的区别：二者均为“是否”的意思。但在下列情况下，whether不能被if取代：
(1)whether引导主语从句并在句首
Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved.
这一计划是否可行还有待证实。
(2)引导表语从句
The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.
问题是敌人是否正在向我们逼近。
(3)whether从句作介词宾语
I am interested in whether he'll go abroad.
我对他是否将要出国很感兴趣。(4)从句后有“or not”
Whether he will come or not is not clear.
他是否将要过来还不确定。
4．that和what的区别：二者都可以引导名词性从句。但that是连接词，本身无词义，仅起连接作用，不在从句中担任任何成分；what是连接代词，不仅引导名词性从句，而且在从句中充当一定的成分，如主语、宾语或表语。
①That he stole a bike was true.
他偷了一辆自行车是事实。
②The important thing is what you do, but not what you say.
重要的是你做什么，而不是说什么。5．引导词that的省略：引导宾语从句时，在口语或非正式场合，且不会造成歧义时，第一个that通常可以省略，但引导主语、表语和同位语从句时，that不能省略。
①He told us(that)they would help us through the whole work.
他告诉我们他们会帮助我们完成整项工作的。
②The trouble is that he has lost his wallet.
麻烦在于他丢了钱包。即学即用
(1)(2010·全国Ⅰ)We haven't discussed yet ________ we are going to place our new furniture.
A．what B．which
C．what D．where
答案：D 题干中空白处至句末为宾语从句，而从句中又缺少地点状语。(2)(2010·全国Ⅱ)—Have you finished the book?
—No, I've read up to ________the children discover the secret cave.
A．which B．what
C．that D．where
答案：D 题干中空白处至句末为宾语从句，而从句中又缺少地点状语。(3)(2010·湖南)Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew ____ she was so angry.
A．where B．whether
C．that D．why
答案：D 句意：Cindy重重地关上了门，突然哭了起来，办公室里的人都不知道她为什么如此生气。根据句意，空白处应填why，引导宾语从句，且why在从句中作原因状语。(4)(2010·天津)As a new graduate，he doesn't know________it takes to start a new business here.
A．how B．what
C．when D．which
答案：B 宾语从句中暗含it takes...to do sth.句型，因此应用what作其宾语。(5)(2010·北京)I want to be liked and loved for________I am inside.
A．who B．where
C．what D．how
答案：C what引导介词for的宾语从句，且在从句中作表语。(6)(2010·北京)Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was________it was rather closely modeled on his own life.
A．what B．that
C．why D．whether
答案：B that引导表语从句，解释说明主语reason的内容，且在从句中不作任何成分。(7)(2010·山东)Before the sales start, I make a list of________my kids will need for the coming season.
A．why B．what
C．how D．which
答案：B 句意：在特价促销开始之前，我把下个季节里孩子的所需要的东西都列了个清单。能引导宾语从句，且在从句中作need的宾语的连接词，只有what。(8)(2010·福建)Teachers recommend parents ________their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.
A．not allow B．do not allow
C．mustn't allow D．couldn't allow
答案：A 句意：老师建议家长为安全起见，不要让12岁以下的儿童骑自行车上学。recommend后宾语从句谓语应为(should)do...(9)(2010·福建)We should respect food and think about the people who don't have __________we have here and treat food nicely.
A．that B．which
C．what D．whether
答案：C 句意：我们应重视食品，想想那些得不到我们所拥有的这些食品的人们，并要善待食品。此处what引导宾语从句，并在其中作宾语。(10)(2010·江苏)—I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.
—That's ________I don't agree.You should have a more active life.
A．where B．how
C．when D．what
答案：A 说话人在星期天喜欢整天把自己关在家中听音乐，答话人对这一点不赞同。答语中where I don't agree是表语从句，表示抽象概念。假如选D项，agree后需加介词。课件56张PPT。1．may 表示祝愿；常说成：May sb. do sth.
May you have a good time!
祝你过得愉快！
即学即用
翻译句子
祝你成功！
________________________________________________________________________
答案：May you succeed!2．acknowledge vt. 承认；公认为；认为
其后可接名词、代词或动名词，也可接从句或复合结构。
①I acknowledge the truth of his statement.
我承认他说的是事实。
②He was acknowledged to be the best player.
他被公认为是最佳选手。
③It is universally acknowledged that dogs have an acute sense of smell.
大家都认为狗的嗅觉敏锐。
④He acknowledged having been defeated.
他承认已被打败。知识拓展
1)It is universally acknowledged that... ……是大家公认的
acknowledge one's letter 告知已收到某人的来信
acknowledge one's help 对某人的帮助表示感谢
2)acknowledgement n．承认；感谢
in acknowledgement of
承认……；为……表示感谢词语辨析
acknowledge, recognize, admit
acknowledge指“公开承认(隐瞒或否认过的事)”。
recognize指“正式承认(主权、权利等)”。
admit指“在外界或自己良心的压力下承认”。即学即用
完成句子
(1)Deng Yaping is________(承认；公认为)to be the best table tennis player.
答案：acknowledged单项填空
(2)His long service with the company was ________ with a present.
A．admitted B．acknowledged
C．attributed D．accepted
答案：B 句意为：赠送一个礼物对他为公司的长久服务表示感谢。admit“容许；承认”；attribute “把……归因于；认为……是某人所为”；accept “接受；认可；承认”。3．backward(s)adv./adj.向后地/的；倒退地/的
①It is dangerous to walk backward.
倒着走是危险的
②He made a backward step.
他向后退了一步。知识拓展
know...backward(s)对……极其熟悉
backward(s)and forward(s)来回地，忽前忽后，翻来覆去地
词语辨析
walk backwards, walk back4．deed n．[C]行为，所做的事
①His deeds do not agree with his words.
他言行不一。
②It is not difficult to do a good deed but it's hard to do good deeds all your life.
做一件好事并不难，难的是一辈子做好事。知识拓展
indeed实际上
indeed adv.确实，实在
in name but not in deed有名无实5．avenge v．替……报仇，报复
①He avenged his father's murder.
他报了杀父之仇。
②She avenged herself on the murderers for her daughter's death.
她对杀害她女儿的人进行报复。知识拓展
avenge the murder of sb.为某人被杀报仇
词语辨析
avenge, revenge
avenge通常指为伸张正义而采取正当手段进行报仇。
revenge通常指为私怨而报复，常带有强烈的恶意。6．sorrow n．[U]悲伤；悲痛
①The boy felt deep sorrow when he lost his dog.
那男孩在失去他的狗时感到非常悲伤。
②Sorrow treads on the heels of joy.
悲哀跟着喜悦而来。
知识拓展
to one's sorrow令人伤心/遗憾的是
cause much sorry to...使……非常伤心
sorrowful adj.悲伤的；伤心的
sorry adj.难过的；遗憾的词语辨析
sorrow, sadness, grief
sorrow意思较强，往往时间较长。
sadness“悲哀”的一般用语。
grief(＝great sorrow)比sorrow语气强，尤指因所爱的人死去而引起的悲哀。
①He was full of sorrow.他非常伤心。
②Wife went mad with grief after his husband died.
丈夫死后，妻子因悲痛而发疯了。7．latter n．[the～](刚提及的两个人或物之中的)后一个，第二个
①Ken and Mary came, the latter wearing a red dress.
凯恩和玛丽来了，后者(玛丽)穿着红色的衣服。
②They keep horses and cattle, the former for riding, the latter for food.
他们养马和牛，前者供乘骑，后者供食用。
知识拓展
the former..., the latter...前者……，后者……
latter adj.(两者之中)后者的词语辨析8．grasp n．[常sing.]/v.控制；抓住，抓牢；理解，领会
①She is in the grasp of a wicked man.
她受到一个恶人的控制。
②The small boy grasped his mother's hand firmly.
小男孩紧紧抓住了母亲的手。
③I think I have grasped the main points of the speech.
我想我已经领会了演说的要点。特别提示
catch同grasp一样，由“抓住”(动作之结果)也可引申为“理解，明白”。
He did not catch on to the joke.
他不懂那笑话的含义。9．relief n．[U, sing.]安慰；宽慰
①I felt a huge surge of relief and happiness.
我如释重负，感到一阵欣慰。
②To my great relief, the difficulties were all overcome.
使我感到欣慰的是，困难全都克服了。知识拓展
to one's relief令人感到欣慰的是
[动词]relieve减轻 believe相信
[名词]relief痛苦减轻 belief相信10．division n．[C，U]部分； 部门；分配
①There are twelve divisions of the textbook.
这本书教科书有12个部分。
②The thieves quarrelled about the division of their stolen goods.
这些贼为分偷来的物品而争吵。
知识拓展
divide v．划分，分开
11．abstract adj.抽象的
Some people say beauty itself is abstract. Do you agree?
有些人认为美本身是抽象的。你同意吗？知识拓展
abstract v．抽取，提取 n．[C]摘要
(词性不同，发音各异)
12．faith n．[U，C]宗教信仰；信任，信念
①People of every faith attended the mayor's funeral.
信仰不同宗教的人士出席了市长的葬礼。
②He always puts his faith in the future.
他对未来总是抱有信心。
知识拓展
have faith in相信，信任
lose faith in对……失去信心
faithful adj.忠诚的
faithfully adv.忠诚/心地13．dignity n．[U]尊贵；尊严
A man's dignity depends not upon his wealth but upon his character.
人的尊严不在于他的财富而在于他的人格。
知识拓展
stand on one's dignity维持尊严
be beneath one's dignity有失体面14．devotion n．[U，C]忠诚
At the meeting we showed our devotion to our leader.
在会上我们表示了对领袖的忠诚。
知识拓展
devote v．献身于
devoted adj.忠诚的；专心的15．supreme adj.最高超的；最优的；最重要的；最大的
①She was awarded a medal for showing supreme courage.
她因表现出卓绝的勇气而获得奖章。
②The Pope is the supreme leader of the Roman Catholic Church.
教皇是罗马天主教的最高领袖。16．scholar n．[C](文或英)学生；学者
①As a scholar you will not have to pay college fees.
作为接受奖学金的学生，你不必付大学的费用。
②He is a famous Confucian scholar.
他是一位有名望的研究孔子的学者。
知识拓展
scholarship n．[U]学问；[C]奖学金(制度)17．consult v．咨询；请教；查阅，查看；商议
①He consulted his lawyer about it.
他向他的律师请教那件事。
②We lost our way and consulted the map.
我们迷了路，就查看地图。
③I consulted with a friend of mine about it.
我和我的一位朋友商量那件事。特别提示
consult指查阅(词典等)；look up指(在词典等中)查阅(单词等)。
He consulted his dictionary to look up the meaning of the word“apotheosis”．
他在字典中查看“apotheosis”这个单词的词义。词语辨析
consult, consult with18．invasion n．[U，C]入侵
①The army successfully fought off the foreign invasion.
该军成功地击退外国的入侵。
②France itself was threatened with invasion.
法国自身也受到入侵的威胁。
知识拓展
invade v．侵略
invader n．[C]侵略者；侵入者19．alien n．[C]外星/国人 adj.外国/星(人)的；相异的
①This film is about aliens from Mars.
这部电影是关于来自火星的外星人的。
②After being away for so long, he feels like an alien in his own country now.
背井离乡这么久，现在在自己的国家里，他也觉得像个外人。
特别提示
相对foreign而言，alien专指法律上的“外国的，外国国籍的”。1．put...aside 把……放在一边；撇开；储存；备用
①She put her needlework aside and we had a talk.
她放下针线活和我交谈起来。
②You should put aside some money in case of emergency.
你该存点钱以防急用。即学即用
翻译句子
他总是舍小家顾大家。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案：He is always thinking of the country while putting aside his own family.2．pray for 期盼；祈求
We are praying for good weather on Saturday.
我们期盼着在星期六会有一个好天气。知识拓展
pray还可构成以下短语：
1)pray to sb. for sth. 向某人祈求某事
I will pray to God for your safety.
我将祈求上帝保佑你的安全。
2)pray sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事
I pray you to think again, because it is very important.
我请你再三考虑，因为它很重要。
3)在pray tell me the time中pray是please的意思，句意为“请问现在几点了”。
即学即用
翻译句子
我们祈求上帝结束伊拉克人民的苦难。
________________________________________________________________________
答案：We prayed to God for an end to sufferings of Iraqis.3．as opposed to (介)相对之下；与……对照下
His daughter is very athletic as opposed to his son, who is very clever.
他女儿擅长运动，儿子却擅用头脑，两人恰成对比。即学即用
完成句子
They have doubled the output this year________(与……相比)the year before last.
答案：as opposed to1．He accuses Darth Vader of killing his father, so he trains to become a Jedi knight and swears to avenge his loss.
他指责达斯·维德杀死了自己的父亲，因此他把自己训练成一名杰迪武士发誓要为自己的损失报仇。
1)accuse vt. (accused; accusing)控告；指控；常用于句型
accuse sb. of sth./doing sth.。
①The police accused him of murder.
警方指控他谋杀。
②Mary was accused as an accomplice.
玛丽被指控为同谋犯。注意：其分词可作为定语；the accused指“被告”。
①The judge asked the accused man to stand up, and he stood up.
法官要求被告站立，被告便站了起来。
②The accused asked the judge for mercy.
被告要求法官从轻发落。
③Several of the accused were found guilty.
被告中有些人被发现是有罪的。2)train可作不及物动词，表示“练习；锻炼；接受训练”。
①Our football team is training for the next game.
我们的足球队正在备战下一次比赛。
②I trained to be a doctor.
我学的医。即学即用
完成句子
I don't think anyone can______(指责我不诚实)．
答案：accuse me of not being honest单项填空
It was said that the president of the university had to resign as he was ________ of bribery (行贿)．
A．related B．blamed
C．punished D．accused
答案：D 本题考查动词词义辨析。relate “相关；涉及到”，通常与to搭配；blame“责备”，通常与for连用；punish意为“惩罚”，通常与for连用；accuse“指控”，通常与of连用。句意为：据说这所大学的校长因被指控有行贿行为不得不辞职。2．Luke escapes the latter's grasp, as well as the Emperor's attempt to turn him to the Dark Side.
卢克摆脱了达斯·维德的控制以及皇帝想使他转向黑暗面的企图。
escape vi. 逃跑；逃脱
①His name escaped me.
我记不起他的名字了。
②The bird escaped being shot.
那小鸟未被击中。
③You can't escape the fact that you have broken the law.
你无法逃避你犯法的现实。知识拓展
1)escape n. 逃跑；逃脱
a fire escape 火灾避难设备通道
an escape of gas 煤气泄漏
2)常用词组
have a narrow escape 九死一生；幸免于难
escape punishment/being punished 逃避惩罚即学即用
He lied to his parents in order to escape________for what he had done.
A．punishing B．having punished
C．punished D．being punished
答案：D3．For example, Anakin Skywalker causes the death of his wife while coming to her aid.
例如，当安纳金·斯凯沃克救他的妻子时，却造成了她的死亡。
aid n. 援助；救护；辅助器具；有帮助的事物
①She came to my aid.
她来帮助我。
②Dictionaries are a great aid in learning language.
字典对于学习语言有很大的帮助。知识拓展
1)aid v. 帮助；援助
I aided him in his enterprise.
我帮助他做这一事业。
2)常用词组：
①aid sb. in sth./doing sth. 帮助某人做某事
②in aid of 支持；为……筹措
③first aid 急救即学即用
He was so kind a boy that he often ________ his mother clean the table, even the furniture.
A．helped B．assisted
C．aided D．offered
答案：A aid/help sb. with sb.“帮助某人做某事”；assist sb. in doing sth.或assist sb. to do sth. “协助某人做某事”； offer sb. sth. “提供某人某物”或offer to do sth.“主动做某事”。只有help后的复合不定式能省去to。
