课件73张PPT。1．acquaintance n．[C]相识的人；泛泛之交；[U]相识，了解
①We talked as if we were old acquaintances.
我们就好像是老相识那样谈话。
②He has some acquaintance with French.
他懂一点法语。
知识拓展
have a passing/nodding acquaintance with...与某人有点头之交；对某事略知一二。
make one's acquaintance结识某人；与某人相见词语辨析
make one's acquaintance, know
make one's acquaintance表示“结识”的短暂动作。
know“认识”，是延续性动词。
[译]我是两年前认识他的。
[误]I knew him two years ago.
[正]I made his acquaintance two years ago.
He is not a friend, only an acquaintance.
他不是朋友，只是一位相识。
acquaintance只是认识，交情不深，谈不上是friend(朋友)，更谈不上是intimate(至交)。2．farewell n．[C]告别 int.再会，别了
①They waved farewell to their friends on board the ship.
他们挥手告别船上的朋友。
②Farewell! I hope we meet again soon.
别了！希望很快我们能再见面。
特别提示
由于farewell由“Fare well！”(祝一路平安！)转化而来，故它又作感叹词，意为“别了”。3．bar (barred—barring) v．摒除；阻挡
The policemen barred the ways to the airport.
警察封锁了通往机场的道路。知识拓展
1)bar sb./sth. from...排斥……；禁止……
Women are barred from the club.
这个俱乐部谢绝女性参加。
2)bar n.
(1)棒；条；棒状物
a bar of gold＝a gold bar 金块(金条)
(2)横木；门闩
There is a bar on the gate.
门上有个门闩。(3)障碍；阻挡物(与to连用)
a bar to mutual understanding 互相了解的障碍
(4)酒吧；柜台
a snack bar 快餐部
a cosmetic bar 化妆品专柜4．part vt. & vi. 分开；分离；n. 部分；零件；角色；本分；职责
They parted at the station.
他们在车站分手。
词语辨析 ←●●→ ●→
双方向的动作 单方向的动作知识拓展
part wtih 跟……分手；放弃；丧失
part from 和……分开；离开
take part in 参加
in part 一部分；有几分
for my part 就我而论；至于我
①I hope we can part as friends.
我希望我们能像朋友那样和和气气地分手。
②Do not part with the shares on any account.
无论如何不要放弃这些股票。③This is a part of the town that I do not know very well.
城里的这个地区我不太熟悉。
④If everyone does his part, the project will surely be a success.
如果大家都各尽其责，这个项目肯定会成功。
⑤He's taking machine parts to the factory.
他正把机器零件带到工厂去。
⑥The research project was only a partial success.
那个研究课题只取得了部分成功。即学即用
(1)He tried to ________the two fighting dogs.
A．part B．part from
C．divide D．fight
答案：A part本身有及物动词的意思，意思是“分开；分离”。这里应取此意。句意为：他设法分开那两只正在打斗的狗。(2)The new appointment of the president of Lu Hui University ________ from the very beginning of next semester.
A．takes effect B．takes part in
C．takes place D．takes turns
答案：A 考查短语的辨析。take effect“见效；生效”；take part in“参加”；take place “发生”；take turns“轮流”。A项符合“校长任命生效”之意。5．expansion n．[U]扩张，扩展
①The expansion of the factory will mean the employment of sixty extra workers.
工厂的扩张意味着还要雇用60名工人。
②His economic policies paved the way for industrial expansion.
他的经济政策为工业的扩展铺平了道路。
知识拓展
expand v．扩张，扩展6．tolerant adj.宽容的；容忍的
①Of all the girls she was the most tolerant.
在所有女孩子中她是最宽容的。
②I'm a tolerant man but your behaviour is more than I can bear.
我是个宽容的人，但你的行为我已忍无可忍。
③She was tolerant of different views.
她容忍不同的意见。知识拓展
be tolerant of/towards容忍……；对……宽容
tolerate v．容忍，忍受
tolerable adj.可容忍的；尚好的7．altitude n．[C]高度；海拔；[常pl.]高地
①The plane flew at an altitude of 6,000 metres.
飞机在6,000米的高空飞行。
②It is difficult to breathe at these altitudes.
在这些高的地方呼吸困难。知识拓展
at an altitude of...在……海拔高度上
at the height of...在……高度上
at the depth of...在……深度上
attitude n．[C]态度；看法
latitude n．纬度；自由
longitude n．经度词语辨析
altitude, height
altitude特指由地平面或海平面开始计算的高度，即为“海拔高度”。
height表示“高度”的普通用语，可指身高、一般东西的高度或海拔。
①The airliner flew at an altitude of 20,000 ft.
客机在20,000英尺的高度飞行。
②His height makes him stand out in the crowd.
他的身高使他在人群中很突出。8．specialist n．[C]专家；专科医生
①He is a specialist in modern history.
他是一位现代史专家。
②His father is a heart specialist.
他父亲是一位心脏科医生。
知识拓展
special adj.特殊的，特别的；专门的
specialize/-ise v．专门研究，专政
specialty (AmE)/ speciality(BrE)n.[C]专业，特产
on special(口)特价的，特卖的
special delivery(AmE)快递特别提示
1)a specialist in history历史专家
2)specialize in history专攻历史9．failure n．[C]失败者；[U]失败
①He is a failure as an English teacher.
他是个不称职的英语教师。
②Failure is the mother of success.
(＝Failure teaches success.)
(谚)失败乃成功之母。知识拓展
fail v．失败；不及格
Failures, repeated failures, are finger posts on the road to achievement. The only time you don't fail is the last time you try something, and it works. One fails forward toward success. (Kettering)
失败，一次次的失败，是通向成功的路标。你唯一不败的那次是你的最后一次尝试，而且是一次有效的尝试。每失败一次就向成功迈进了一步。(凯特林)特别提示
英语中有很多名词与failure一样既可数又不可数，又如：10.merchant n．[C]商人 adj.商业的，商人的
①Did you watch Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice on TV last night?
你昨天晚上在电视上看莎剧《威尼斯商人》了吗？
②We don't like a merchant who does some cheating in the buying and selling of goods.
我们不喜欢在买卖商品中搞欺诈的商人。
③This is a merchant bank in our city.
这是我们市的一所商业银行。词语辨析
merchant, businessman
merchant“商人”，指大宗货物批发商。
businessman“商人”，指实业家，从事工商业的人士(指公司的较高层)。
①He used to be a wine merchant.
他曾是一个酒商。
②A successful businessman must be aggressive.
一个成功的商人必须有进取心。11．realist n．[C]现实主义作家；现实主义者
①They are doing valuable work which idealists as well as realists want to see done.
他们正在做着理想主义者和现实主义者都想看到完成的有价值的工作。
②I'm a realist—I know you can't change people's attitudes overnight.
我是个现实主义者——我知道你不可能在一夜之间改变人们的看法。知识拓展
realistic adj.现实的，实际可行的；现实主义的；逼真的
realistically adv.实际地
12．romantic n．[C]浪漫主义作家；浪漫主义者adj.浪漫的
①Li Qingzhao is a major romantic.
李清照是位重要的浪漫主义作家。
②It is said that Frenchmen are among the most romantic people in the world.
据说法国人是世界是最浪漫的民族之一。13．mental adj.内心的；精神上的；脑力的，智力的
①We should pay more attention to our mental health.
我们应该更注重心理健康。
②His mental health and strengh gradually go better.
他的精神和体力逐渐得到恢复。
③Ageing is accompanied by a slow degeneration of his mental faculties.
他随着年纪增长，智力逐渐衰退。知识拓展
mentality n．[U]智力
mentally adv.精神上，心理上
The basic rule of physical and mental health is to keep smiling.
养身之道，喜笑颜开。14．share v．分享；合用
share可以作及物动词也可以作不及物动词。
1)作及物动词用时，常用句型有：
(1)share sth.
(2)share sth. with sb.
(3)share sth. between/amoung sb.等
①Everyone in the house shares the bathroom.
这房子里的人共用这个浴室。
②May I share the umbrella with you?
我可以同你合用这把伞吗？2)share用作不及物动词，常用短语有：
(1)share out分配；均分
His property was shared out between his children.
他的财产由他的孩子们平分了。
(2)share with 分担
I should share with you in the work.
我应该同你分担这项工作。
(3)share in分担
She always shares (in) her mother's trouble.
她总是为她妈妈分忧。直击高考
(2008·安徽)The two girls are getting on very well and share________with each other.
A．little B．much
C．some D．none
答案：B
解析：句意为“两个女孩相处得很好，她们互相分享很多东西”。由前半句“相处得好”可推知应用much。1．as far as远到；直到(否定句中可用so far as)；就……而论；就……而言(作此意讲时，也可用so far as)
①He walked as far as the river.
他一直走到了河边。
②I didn't go as/so far as the others.
我不像其他人走得那么远。
③As/So far as I know, he has moved to town.
据我所知，他已经迁到镇子上去了。知识拓展
1)so far到目前为止
He has written three books so far.
到目前为止他已写了3本书。
2)by far修饰比较级、最高级，表示数量、程度等；一般放在最高级之前或比较级之后，但当比较级前有the时，放在前边。
①He is by far the tallest in our class.
他是我们班里个子最高的。
②He is cleverer by far than his brother.
他比他哥哥聪明多了。③He is by far the taller of the two brothers.
他是兄弟俩中个子较高的一个。
3)far from远离；远非；远远不
①I live far from the school.
我住得离学校很远。
②It is far from perfect.这极不完美。
③—Are you cold？你冷吗？
—Far from it.一点也不冷。
4)as (so) long as...只要……(引导条件状语从句)
You can borrow the book as (so) long as you can keep it clean.
只要你不把书弄脏，我就可以借给你。即学即用
He is a friend of my brother. He will go with us ______ the Capital Stadium.
A．so far as B．as long as
C．so long as D．as far as
答案：D 他将和我们一起走到远至首都体育馆。“远至……”as far as...；so far as用于否定句中，as long as“只要”。2．hand in hand 关系密切地；手拉着手地
①Power and money go hand in hand.
权力和金钱密不可分。
②Dirt and disease go hand in hand.
肮脏与疾病是密切相关的。知识拓展
结构与之相似的短语有：
face to face面对面地
arm in arm 臂挽着臂地
shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩地；齐心协力地
head to head交头接耳地
side by side并排地；并肩地
step by step 逐步地
①A poem might be a way of telling someone something when you do not feel able to talk about it face to face.
当你感觉不能面对面地向某人谈论某事的时候，诗歌可能是一种很好的表达方式。②The burglar turned the corner and found himself face to face with a policeman.
那窃贼转过墙角，面对面地碰上一个警察。3．take hold of 握住，控制住，吸引
①She obeyed and took hold of his hand.
她听从了他并握住了他的手。
②Take hold of the stick and I'll pull you out.
抓住棍子，我把你拉出来。
③The music took hold of her slowly.
音乐渐渐地吸引了她。
知识拓展
catch/have/get hold of... 抓住；握住
lose hold of...没抓/握住即学即用
英译汉
I need to get hold of some money quickly.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：我需要马上弄到些钱。4．have fun with... 对……发生兴趣；喜欢……
Children have fun with little animals.
孩子们喜欢玩小动物。
知识拓展
have fun doing 喜欢做……
have fun 玩得高兴
We had some good fun when we all worked together.
我们在一起共事的时候过得很愉快。即学即用
________ it is swimming in a river in summer!
A．How funny B．How fun
C．What a fun D．What fun
答案：D fun是不可数名词，而funny是形容词，但意思却是“滑稽可笑的”，意思不对，故选D项。1．Soon Japan and Korea were organised on the Tang model, ...
不久日本和朝鲜也按照唐朝的模式组织起来了，……
on/after the model of.../on/after one's model 以……为模范
Many schools are managed on the model of Yangsi Middle School.
许多学校都学习洋思中学的管理模式。2．Writing poetry can help people deal with changes in their lives, death or feelings of sadness, drug or alcohol problems or serious illness.
写诗有利于人们应对日常生活中的变化、死亡、悲伤、毒品或酒精引起的问题以及严重的疾病。
writing poetry 为动名词作主语。用动名词作主语常表示抽象的、习惯性的动作。
Walking after supper is good for both young and old.
饭后散步对于年轻人和老年人都是有好处的。知识拓展
不定式作主语
To say is easier than to do. 说比做容易。
用不定式作主语时，常表示一次性的、具体的、特指的动作，并且常用it作形式主语而将其后置。如上例可改为：It is easier to say than to do.情态动词
一、表能力的情态动词can(could)与be able to①He is so tall that he can/is able to touch the ceiling.
他那么高，手能碰到天花板。
②He was able to escape from the burning building last night.
昨晚他从着火的大楼里逃了出来。
③If you study English well, you'll be able to travel to many countries.
如果你学好英语，就能够去很多国家旅游。二、情态动词＋动词原形表现在推测(图中×表示此用法不表推测，表其他含义)
①Accidents can happen on such rainy days.
多雨的天气可能会发生事故。
②This may/might be done by him.
这事可能他干的。(might语气更弱)
③It's nearly seven o'clock. He should be here at any moment.
快七点了，他理应随时在这儿的。三、情态动词用来表请求、建议或允诺等
1)当主语是第一或第三人称提出请求、建议时，可用
①Shall/May/Might/Can/Could I/we...?
②Shall he /she /they...?
③Would /Will/Could you...?
提醒：could/might/would的语气很委婉。因此回答它们的问句时，不可以用这些词来回答，要用以下形式：
—Could I use your pen?
—Yes, you can.(No, I'm afraid not.)2)当主语是第二、三人称时表达“命令、警告、允诺或威胁”时，要用shall，此外，宣布法律、法规时，也常用shall。
After class, you shall get this book.(允诺)
课后，你会拿到这本书的。
四、情态动词＋have＋过去分词，表示对过去的推测①The lights were out. They must have been asleep.
灯灭了，他们一定睡了。
②You might have given him more help, though you were busy.
尽管当时你忙，也该多帮助他一些。
③He ought not to have treated his parents like that.
他本不该那样对待他的父母。即学即用
(1)(2010·全国Ⅰ)Just be patient. You ________ expect the world to change so soon.
A．can't B．needn't
C．may not D．will not
答案：A 句意：耐心一点儿。你不能指望世界立刻发生变化。A项表示“不能”，B项“不必”，C项“不可能”，D项“不会”。根据句意A项合适。(2)(2010·全国Ⅱ)I'm afraid Mr. Harding________see you now. He's busy.
A．can't B．mustn't
C．shouldn't D．needn't
答案：A 句意：Mr. Harding恐怕现在不能见你，(因为)他很忙。(3)(2010·重庆)You________park here. It's an emergency exit.
A．wouldn't B．needn't
C．couldn't D．mustn't
答案：D 根据题干中“emergency exit”可知，“此处不允许停车”，故用mustn't表禁止。(4)(2010·江西)I have told you the truth.________I keep repeating it?
A．Must B．Can
C．May D．Will
答案：A 句意：我已告诉你真相。一定要我再重复吗？(5)(2010·辽宁)Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it______be regular exercise.
A．can B．will
C．must D．may
答案：C 句意：医生说，锻炼对于健康非常重要，但必须是经常锻炼。(6)(2010·安徽)Jack described his father, who________a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-willed man.
A．would be B．would have been
C．must be D．must have been
答案：D “杰克把他父亲描述成一个意志坚强的人”，此处表示对过去事实的推测。(7)(2010·湖南)You ________ buy a gift, but you can if you want to.
A．must B．mustn't
C．have to D．don't have to
答案：D 句意：你不必买礼物，但你如果想买也可以。don't have to 意为“不必”＝needn't。(8)(2010·天津)Mark________have hurried.After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.
A．needn't B．wouldn't
C．mustn't D．couldn't
答案：A needn't have done表示“本来不必做但已经做了”；must have done只用肯定句；would not have done表示“要不就不会……了”；couldn't have done表示“本不可能/会做但已经做了”。(9)(2010·陕西)—May I take this book out of the reading room?
—No，you________.You read it here.
A．mightn't B．won't
C．needn't D．mustn't
答案：D May...？的肯定回答，表示给予许可，可用may或can，但否定回答中要用mustn't.(10)(2010·江苏)—I haven't got the reference book yet，but I'll have a test on the subject next month.
—Don't worry.You________have it by Friday.
A．could B．shall
C．must D．may
答案：B 此处shall用于第二人称陈述句中表说话人的许诺。课件39张PPT。1．breeze n．[C，U]微风，和风
①A gentle breeze was blowing.
微风轻吹。
②We are enjoying the cool breeze that comes from the lake.
我们享受着湖面上吹来的凉爽的微风。知识拓展
breeze微风 wind风
storm暴风 gale强风
hurricane飓风 gust阵风
tornado龙卷风 typhoon台风
whirlwind旋风 thunderstorm雷暴2．channel n．[C]途径；渠道
①Your complaint must be made through the proper channels.
你的意见必须通过正当途径投诉。
②You should go through the official channels if you want the government to help.
你应该通过正式渠道来争取政府的帮助。
知识拓展
channel n．[C]频道；海峡3．reveal v．揭示，揭露；显露
①Do you promise not to reveal my secret?
你能答应不把我的秘密泄露出去吗？
②The curtains opened, to reveal a darkened stage.
大幕拉开，露出一个黑暗的舞台。
③If you reveal your secrets to the wind, you should not blame the wind for revealing them to the trees.
如果你将秘密告诉风，就不要怪风将秘密泄露给树。4．reflection n．[C]倒影；[U，C]深思；反映，反射
①He looked into the pool and saw a reflection of himself.
他看见水池里有自己的倒影。
②After reflection, I felt I had made the wrong decision.
经过反省，我觉得我做了个错误的决定。
③The rising rate of crime is a reflection of an unstable society.
犯罪率上升是社会不稳定的反映。
知识拓展
on/upon reflection仔细想起来，反省起来5．seed n．[C，U]种子
These vegetables can be grown from seed.
这些蔬菜可以撒籽栽种。
知识拓展6．shadow n．[C，U]影子，阴影
①The shadows of the trees grew longer as the afternoon went on.
随着下午时光的延续，树影会越来越长。
②The scandal cast a shadow on his career.
这件丑闻给他的事业投上了一层阴影。
知识拓展
catch at shadows捕风捉影
under the shadow of在……的庇护下；受……的影响情态动词
情态动词：must, can't, may/might, should, could, would1.can (could)
1)表示能力，could主要用于过去时。
①Two eyes can see more than one.
两只眼比一只眼看得清。
②Could the girl read before she went to school?
这个女孩上学前识字吗？
2)表示可能(理论上或是逻辑上判断)。
The temperature can fall to －60℃，that is 60℃ below freezing.
气温可降至－60℃，也就是零下60℃。3)表示允许、许可；可用may代替；can't表示“不准”。
①Can I have a look at your new pen?
我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗？
②He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading room.
他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。
③In the buses, you can't smoke.
在公共汽车上，不准吸烟。
4)表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。①Where can (could) they have gone?
他们会去哪儿了呢？
②He can't (couldn't) be over sixty.
他不可能超过了六十岁。
③How can you be so careless?
你怎么这么粗心？
5)比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。
①Can (Could) you lend me a hand?
帮我一把好吗？
②I'm afraid we couldn't give you an answer today.
恐怕我们今天不能给你答复。2．may (might)
1)表允许或请求允许，might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。
①You may take whatever you like.
你喜欢什么就拿什么。
②He told me that I might smoke in the room.
他告诉我可以在房间里抽烟。
③May (Might) I ask for a photo of your baby?
我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？
在回答may引导的问句时，尽量避免用这个词，而用其他方式，如Yes, please./Certainly./Please don't/You'd better not./No, you mustn't.等，以免显得太严肃或不客气。2)表可能(事实上)。可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定。
①She may not know about it.
她可能不知道这件事。
②They might be having a meeting, but I'm not sure.
他们有可能在开会，不过我不肯定。3．must
1)表示义务。意为“必须”(主观意志)。
①We must do everything step by step.
我们做一切事情都必须循序渐进地做。
②You mustn't talk to her like that.
你不能那样对她说话。
③—Must we hand in our exercise-books now?
我们现在就要交练习本吗？
—No, you needn't./No，you don't have to.
不必。(这种情况下，一般不用mustn't)2)表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。
①He must be ill. He looks so pale.
他准是病了。他的脸色苍白。
②She's wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money.
她戴着钻石项链，她一定很有钱。4．should
1)表义务。意为“应该”(某件事宜于做)，用于各种人称。
①You should be polite to your teachers.
你对老师应该有礼貌。
②You/Shouldn't waste any time.
你不应该浪费时间。
2)表推测，意为“想必、一定、照说应该、估计”等。
①The film should be very good as it is starred by first-class actors.
这部电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。②They should be at home by now.
按说他们现在应当已经到家了。
3)表示委婉地陈述自己的意见。
①I should like to have a match with you.
我想跟你比一比。
②I should advise you to pay more attention to state affairs.
我劝你们观注国家大事。5．would
1)表意愿
①They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed.
他们不让他进去是因为他衣着破旧。
②I said I would do anything for you.
我说过我愿意为你做任何事。
2)表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法
①Would you like another glass of beer?
再来杯啤酒好吗？
②Would you mind cleaning the window?
请把窗户擦一下好吗？③They wouldn't have anything against it.
他们不会有什么反对意见。
3)表过去反复发生的动作或习惯性动作或过去的一种倾向
Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help.
她每遇到麻烦都会向他求助。即学即用
(1)(2009·北京)One of the few things you________say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather.
A．need B．must
C．should D．can
答案：D 本题题意：英国人对于天气谈论很多，这是你可以很确定的少数事情之一。can表示“(有能力或能够发生)能，会”。例如：If there's one thing you can say about the French, it's that they know how to put on a good lunch. 如果法国有什么特别值得一提之处的话，那就是法国人最懂得如何安排一顿像样的午餐。(2)(2009·天津)This printer is of good quality. If it________break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.
A．would B．should
C．could D．might
答案：B 考查虚拟语气。句意：“这台打印机质量很好。如果一年内它坏了，我们会免费为你修理。”对将来的虚拟中，从句可用“should＋动词原形”。(3)(2009·江苏)He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he ________ it differently.
A．could express
B．would express
C．could have expressed
D．must have expressed
答案：C 表示过去本可以做到某事，应用could have done结构。(4)(2009·全国卷Ⅰ)What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There________be twelve.
A．should B．would
C．will D．shall
答案：A 句意为“你这是什么意思，只有十张票吗？应该有十二张票。”should表示“应该，应当”。(5)(2009·福建)But for the help of my English teacher, I________the first prize in the English Writing Competition.
A．would not win
B．would not have won
C．would win
D．would have won
答案：B 考查虚拟语气。此处虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反，句子谓语动词用would/should/could/might＋have done结构，故选B。(6)(2009·全国卷Ⅱ)I can't leave. She told me that I________stay here until she comes back.
A．can B．must
C．will D．may
答案：B 本题题意：我不能离开。她告诉我说我必须呆在这里，直到她回来。must表示“(必要或很重要)必须” (7)(2008·福建)It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it________be rather cold sometimes.
A．must B．can
C．should D．would
答案：B 本题考查了情态动词的用法。can用在肯定句中可以指“有时会；可能会”，而must表示“肯定；必需”；should表示“应该”；would表示“意愿；决心”。句意为“三月份在我们家乡通常比较暖和，但有时也会非常冷”。(8)(2008·湖南)You don't have to know the name of the author to find a book. You______find the book by the title.
A．must B．need
C．can D．would
答案：C 考查情态动词。can在此处表能力，可译为“可以，能够”。句意为：要找一本书，你没有必要知道这本书的作者的名字。你可以根据书名找到这本书。(9)(2008·江苏)—I'm sorry. I________at you the other day.
—Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.
A．shouldn't shout
B．shouldn't have shouted
C．mustn't shout
D．mustn't have shouted
答案：B 由第一个人说的话可知说话人为过去(the other day“几天前”)做的事情后悔，即“过去做了不应该做的事情”。因此只有B正确。(10)(2008·山东)Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don't think we________it without you.
A．can manage
B．could have managed
C．could manage
D．can have managed
答案：B 本题主要考查虚拟语气在主句中的用法。句意为“感谢您上周所做的努力工作。如果没有您(上周的工作)，我想我们(上周)是完不成的”。与过去事实相反的主句虚拟式应为could have done。故其他选项形式不对。(11)(2008·江西)What a pity. Considering his ability and experience, he________better.
A．need have done B．must have done
C．can have done D．might have done
答案：D 考查情态动词与虚拟语气。what a pity表明了一种遗憾的语气。句意为“太可惜了！就能力和经验而言，他应该/或许/一定会做得更好些的。”A明显不正确；B项与上文矛盾，C项中表达虚拟语气应把can改为could，表示对过去的事情进行推测；只有D项might表示对过去的事情的肯定的推测，意为“或许”。(12)(2008·辽宁)Peter________be really difficult at times even though he's a nice person in general.
A．shall B．should
C．can D．must
答案：C 考查情态动词。句意：既使彼得总的说来很平易近人，但他有时也很难相处。can在此表示常有的行为或情形，可译为“有时会；有时可能”。(13)(2008·四川)Although this________sound like a simple task, great care is needed.
A．must B．may
C．shall D．should
答案：B 本题题意：虽然听上去这可能是一项简单的任务，但是小心谨慎是必要的。may表示“(有可能但不肯定) 也许；可能”。例如：That may or may not be true. 那可能是实情， 也可能不是。(14)(2008·浙江)You________be hungry already—you had lunch only two hours ago!
A．wouldn't B．can't
C．mustn't D．needn't
答案：B can用于否定句，表示某事肯定不真实。must表推测时，只用在肯定句中。need和would均无表推测的用法。句意：你肯定不饿，两个小时前你刚刚吃完午饭。(15)(2008·北京)John promised his doctor he________not smoke, and he has never smoked ever since.
A．might B．should
C．could D．would
答案：D 本题考查了情态动词的用法。would在此表示“意志；决心”；而might表示“也许；可能”；should表示“应当；应该”；could表示“可以；能够”，均与题意不符。句意为“约翰答应了医生不再吸烟，并且从那以后再也没有吸过”。课件58张PPT。1．glance vi. 扫视；匆匆一看(常与down, up, over, along, through等连用)
①He glanced at his watch and then looked at the sky.
他看了看手表，然后又看了看天空。
②The personnel manager glanced down the list of names of the applicants.
人事部经理浏览了一下申请人名单。
③He glanced through/over the newspaper.
他浏览了一下报纸。知识拓展
glance n. 一瞥；匆匆一看
①I gave her a glance.
我看了她一眼。
②He saw at a glance that she was coming.
他一眼就看到她来了。
at a glance 乍看之下；一看就……；at (the) first glance第一眼就……；take/give a glance at...对……瞥一眼词语辨析
glance, glare与stare
这三个词都表示“看”，均和介词at搭配使用。
1)glance作“看一眼”解，指正在做某事时或匆忙之中迅速看一眼。
On the bus I always manage to glance at the headlines in the newspaper.
在公共汽车上我总是能看一眼报纸的大标题。
2)glare作“怒视”解，指带着愤怒或威胁的神情，使人有一种恐怖感。
①They didn't fight, but they still glared at each other.
他们并未打架，但还是怒目对视。②I advanced a step or two and glared defiance at him.
我向前走了一两步，用轻蔑的目光怒视着他。
3)stare作“瞪着眼看”解，特别指带着惊奇、羡慕、敌视或害怕的神情睁大眼睛看。
①Children should be taught not to stare at the handicapped people.
应该教育孩子们不要盯着残疾人看。
②The children stared at the apples on the table.
孩子们目不转睛地看着桌子上的苹果。即学即用
He sat ________ into sky, thinking deeply.
A．staring B．glancing
C．glaring D．seeing
答案：A 句意为：他坐那里凝望着天空，陷入了沉思。2．cater vi. 满足要求；迎合；投合(与to连用)
cater for 满足……要求
①TV programmes usually cater for all tastes.
电视节目通常满足各种不同趣味的要求。
②Some tabloid newspapers cater to low tastes.
有些小型报纸迎合低级趣味。
③The restaurant made every effort to cater for the need of the customers.
这家餐馆尽最大努力满足顾客的需求。即学即用
We also ________ wedding and parties. You can hold your wedding ceremony here.
A．cater for B．cater to
C．admit D．satisfy
答案：A3．expense n．[C，U]费用，支出；代价
①What are the expenses of moving house?
搬家的费用是多少？
②He finished the job at the expense of his health.
他以牺牲健康为代价完成这项工作。
③He hired a plane, regardless of expense.
他不惜代价，租了一架飞机。知识拓展
at the expense of由……付费，由……负担费用；以……为代价
put sb. to the expense of(doing)sth.使某人花钱(做)某事
spare on expense不惜代价
特别提示
expense(费用), income(收入)，fortune(财产)等谈其多少，不用much或little，而用large或small。
[译]他的花费/收入/财产比他妻子的多。
[误]His expense/income/fortune is more than his wife's.
[正]His expense/income/fortune is larger than his wife's.词语辨析
expense, cost
expense泛指“费用”，作不可数名词使用时，指金额不确定的款项，如果指特定的款项时，可用复数形式。
cost常用于日常生活中的“花费”，或劳力、服务等的“费用”。
①All the expenses are paid by government.
政府支付所有费用。
②The cost of the house was too high for me.
对我来说，这房子的价格太高了。即学即用
(2007·天津)One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living________.
A．bills B．expenses
C．prices D．charges
答案：B 题意：虽然每月一千美元不是一大笔钱，但能保证我的生活费用。expense意为“贯用，支出”，符合题意。bill意为“账单”；price意为“价格”；charge意为“收费”。4．damp adj.潮湿的
①It's damp and cold. I think it's going to rain.
又潮又冷，我想要下雨了。
②These damp matches won't strike.
这些潮湿的火柴划不着。词语辨析
damp通常指令人不愉快的潮湿；wet指因水或其他液体渗透而湿，通常比damp更湿。
①Don't sit on the grass. It's damp.
不要坐在草地上，因为湿气重。
②You are wet through—come in quickly.
湿透了——赶快进来。5．barrier n．[C]关卡；检票口
①They put(up)a barrier across the road.
他们在路上设了一个关卡。
②Mike was stopped at the barrier bacause he forgot to show his ticket.
迈克在检票口被拦住了，因为他忘记出示车票。
特别提示
barrier是一种fence或gate等的障碍物，阻止人们向某一特定方向移动；而fence指篱笆、栅栏，用木头、金属等做成的围绕一块地的设置。6．bench n．[C](尤指户外的)长凳
①They sat on the bench in the park.
他们坐在公园里的长凳上。
②The old woman sitting on the bench is feeding the pigeon.
坐在长凳上的老妇人正在喂鸽子。词语辨析
armchair, stool, rocking chair, bench, chair
7．preview n．[C]/v.预观；预看
①We attended a preview of the winter fashion collection.
我们参观了一次冬季时装预展。
②They previewed the film before it was shown.
他们在电影放映前已经预先观看了。知识拓展
view v．观看，察看
review v．复习，回顾；(再)检查；审查
注意：前缀pre-表示“在……之前”，又如：
premature[pre-(在前)＋mature(成熟的)]adj.不成熟的
preschool[pre-(在前)＋school(学校)]adj.学龄前的
preview[pre-(预)＋view(看)]n./v.预观；预看
prefix[pre-(在前)＋fix(安装，嵌)]n.前缀，词头
8．carriage n．[C]客车车厢；(四轮)马车
①I'll be sitting in the 3rd carriage from the front of the train.
我将坐在第三节车厢。
②Her carriage was the most beautiful one in the yard.
她的马车是院子里最漂亮的。词语辨析
carriage，cart
cart n．[C]大车，手推车；二轮马车
9．merry adj.欢快的，愉快的
①He is in a very merry mood today.
他今天心情极为愉快。
②Merry Christmas (to you)!
(祝你)圣诞节快乐！
注意：祝某人圣诞快乐一般用merry；祝某人新年或生日等快乐则有happy，即Happy New Year/Birthday...。词语辨析
merry, happy, glad
merry指愉快地大笑、狂欢或快乐的样子。
happy普通用语，最常用。
glad表示短暂的“愉快，高兴”，常作表语。
①There is a merry smile on her face.
她脸上露出愉快的微笑。
②I wish you a very happy future.
我祝你有非常幸福的未来。
③I'm glad he's feeling better.
他身体好些了，我很高兴。10．anniversary n．[C]周年纪念日；周年纪念
①Today is their wedding anniversary.
今天是他们的结婚周年纪念日。
②He gave me a necklace as an anniversary gift.
他给我一条项链作为周年纪念礼物。
知识拓展
ann-表示“年”：annual adj.每年的n.[C]年刊，年鉴11．donate v．提供；捐
①The government calls on the youth to donate their blood voluntarily.
政府号召青年义务献血。
②She donated her books to the library.
她把自己的书捐赠给图书馆。
知识拓展
donate sth. to sb./sth.把某物捐给某人/某物
donation n．[C，U]捐赠(物)
donor n．[C]捐赠者12．update v．更新；刷新
The data should be updated once a week.
这些数据应该每周更新一次。
知识拓展
up-to-date adj.最新的
the up-to-date model最新的款式
The model is up to date.款式是最新的。
update the model更新款式13．decorate v．装点；美化；装修
①Bright posters decorate the streets.
鲜艳的广告张贴画装点着街道。
②She decorated her rooms with flowers.
她用鲜花装点她的房间。
③We are going to decorate the kitchen again this summer.
我们打算今年再装修一次厨房。
知识拓展
decorate...with...用……装饰……
decoration n．[U]装饰，装潢；[C，常pl.]装饰品
decorator n．[C]装饰者，装潢师1．be addicted to...沉溺于……；无法摆脱……嗜好的
My children are hopelessly addicted to television.
我的孩子们成了电视迷 ，简直是不可救药了。
即学即用
翻译句子
许多青少年沉溺于电脑游戏。
________________________________________________________________________
答案：Many teenagers are addicted to (playing) computer games.2．correspond with与……通信；与……一致；符合(＝correspond to)
①We correspond regularly.
我们定期通信。
②He doesn't correspond with his words.
他言行不一。即学即用
翻译句子
她的工作符合她的兴趣。
________________________________________________________________________
答案：Her job corresponds with her interests.3．a chorus of异口同声的
①They recited poetry with a chorus of voice.
他们异口同声地背诵诗歌。
②The proposal was greeted with a chorus of approval.
大家对该建议异口同声地表示赞成。知识拓展
chorus n．[C]合唱；合唱曲；齐声
in chrous一齐，一致
①Let's take part in the triumphal chorus.
我们去参加凯歌大合唱吧。
②Please answer my question in chorus.
请大家一起回答我的问题。1．London Underground approved of the idea, and once sponsors had been found to pay the expenses for half the spaces, they agreed to pay for the other half.
伦敦地铁系统赞成这个意见，一旦找到为诗歌所占空间的一半付费用的赞助商，他们就同意承担另一半费用。
approve of sth. 赞成某事；同意某事
①I don't approve of wasting time.
我不赞成浪费时间。
②I don't approve of smoking.
我不赞成抽烟。
③Her father will never approve of her marriage to you. 她父亲永远不会同意她和你结婚。知识拓展
1)appove sth. 批准/核准某事
2)approving adj. 赞许的；赞成的
approval n. 赞成；同意
on approval (商品)包退；不满意可退货
3)disapprove vt. 不赞成；不同意
disapprove of 不赞成
①The mayoress approved the new building plan.
女市长批准了建这座楼的新计划。
②The resolution was approved 82 to 16.
这项决议以82票支持，16票反对通过了。③His speech won the approval of the people present.
他的演讲赢得在场的人的赞成。
④They had to nod in approval because the plan met with the public's approval.
他们只得点头同意，因为公众赞成这个计划。即学即用
We had to wait months for the government to ________ our plans to carry out the project.
A．approve B．evaluate
C．consult D．adpot
答案：A approve意为“批准；通过”；evaluate意为“评价”；consult意为“向……咨询，查阅”；adopt意为“采取”；句意为：我们不得不花上几个月的时间来等待政府批准我们实施这项工程的计划。2．...tickets and trains, this way down, caution!
……凭票上车，从这里向下，小心！
caution vt. 警告；使小心
I cautioned him not to be (against being) late.
我警告他不要迟到。知识拓展
caution n. 小心；谨慎；警告；告诫
for caution's sake 为慎重起见
give sb. a caution 给某人警告
cautionary adj. 告诫的；警告的
cautioner n. 保证人；劝告者
cast caution to the winds 不顾一切；莽撞从事
throw caution to the winds 不顾一切；莽撞从事
with a caution 加以警告3．..., but the best way to view the poems is to see them yourself, on whichever train you choose，...
……，但是观看诗歌的最好方式还是无论你选择哪辆列车……，你都要亲自看一下。
(1)whichever引导名词性从句时，在从句中作主语或宾语，相当于anyone that“无论哪一个”；作定语时，相当于any of...that“任何一个”。
①I'll give it to whichever of you that wants it.
你们之中随便谁要，我就把它给谁。
②Take whichever seat you like.
你喜欢哪一个座位，就选哪一个。(2)引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter which“无论哪一个”。
①Whichever side wins, I shall be satisfied.
不论哪一边胜，我都高兴。
②It has the same result, whichever way you do it.
不论你怎么做，结果都一样。知识拓展
whatever
1)引导名词性从句。当其在从句中作主语或宾语时，相当于anything that“无论什么；凡是……的事”；在从句中作定语时，相当于any...that，即“无论什么的，任何的”。
①You can choose whatever you like.
你可以挑选你所喜欢的任何东西。
②Whatever book you may read, read it carefully.
不论你读什么书，总要读得仔细。
③You may write on whatever subject you like.
你可以写你所喜欢的任何题目。2)引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter what “无论什么”。
Whatever you do, I won't tell you my secret.
不管你做什么，我都不会把我的秘密告诉你。即学即用
________ you like it or not, you must carry out the plan through to the end.
A．No matter how
B．No matter what
C．No matter which
D．No matter whether
答案：D 根据句意和“...or not”，应该选用whether。4．...Byron died fighting for the independence of Geece against the Turks.
……拜伦在为希腊摆脱土耳其统治而争取独立的斗争中阵亡。
independence n. 独立；自主；自立
independence in judgement 独立判断(能力)
Independence Day 美国独立纪念日(7月 4日)
assert national independence 维护民族独立
a motion for independence 独立运动
safeguard national independence and state sovereignty
维护民族独立和国家主权①This country gained its independence in 1960.
这个国家在1960年获得独立。
②The struggle for independence was long and hard.
为独立而斗争是长期而艰苦的。
③They were fighting in order to preserve their independence.
他们为维护独立而战。
④Father has decided to give his son a huge sum of money for his independence from the family.
父亲决定给儿子一大笔钱让他离家自立。⑤His independence and love of the English were his faults.
他的独立和对英语的热爱是他的缺点。知识拓展
independent adj. 独立的；自治的；自立的；不依赖别人的
①Zimbabwe became independent in 1980.
津巴布韦于1980年独立。
②She's a very independent person.
她是个自食其力的人。即学即用
—What time will you go off to Washington D．C.?
—I'm not sure. It ________ the matter I have been getting along.
A．depends on B．lies on
C．asks for D．deals with
答案：A 考查动词短语辨析。句意为：——你什么时候去华盛顿？——我不确定，那要看事情进展如何。deptend on “依靠；取决于”；lie on“与……相邻”；ask for “要求”；deal with“处理；解决”。5．Typically, the Romantic poets lived hard and died young.
浪漫主义诗人向来生活艰难，并且英年早逝。
1)typically adv. 典型的；具有代表性的；象征性的
①He is a typical pupil; he is like most of the other pupils.
他是一个有代表性的学生，他和大多数其他学生一样。
②The typical family may remain childless and consist only of a man and a woman.
典型的家庭可能不带孩子，只有一男一女。2)(常与of连用)特有的；具有……特征的
It was typical of him to arrive so late.
他一向都是来的这么迟的。
即学即用
My old aunt is a forgetful person. It is ________ of her to forget her umbrella.
A．impossible B．kind
C．typical D．likely
答案：C It is typical of sb. to do sth.是个句型，意思是“(某人)做某事是他/她的特征”。6．...the strange journeys of his are reflected in his poems.
……诗中反映了他的思想奇怪行程。
reflect vt. & vi.
1)反射
①A mirror reflects a picture of you when you look in it.
当你照镜子时，镜子映出你的形象。
②The books and paintings in her library reflect her considerable cultivation.
她的图书馆内的书和画反映了她有相当程度的修养。2)(常与that, how连用)表达，反映
Does this letter reflect how you really think?
这封信是否表达了你真实的想法？
3)(常与on, upon连用)仔细考虑
You must reflect on what answer to give.
你必须仔细考虑怎么答复。
即学即用
The increase in crime ________ rising unemployment.
A．shows B．reflects
C．expresses D．introduces
答案：B 句意为：犯罪活动的增加反映了失业人数的上升。
