2022年中考英语议论文阅读理解专题训练（含答案）

2022 中考英语议论文阅读理解专题训练
A
People all over the world are now taking action to fight against COVID-19. But what they do may depend on their own culture and traditions.
On Feb 26, when an Italian lawmaker (议员) went into the country’s Lower Chamber with a mask to prevent the novel coronavirus, he was criticized (批评) by his workmates for “causing panic (恐慌)”. Articles from Western media carry headlines such as “No, you do not need face masks to prevent coronavirus.” You might be surprised, as in China and other Asian countries, people have willingly put masks on during the outbreak.
Western thoughts about masks
In the West, people are taught to wear masks only when they get sick. Masks are seen as a tool to protect sick people and prevent the disease from spreading, so healthy people don’t need to wear them. Therefore, during the novel coronavirus outbreak, overseas Chinese students said that they would be “stared at like a virus spreader” if they go out with a mask. According to a survey done by Global Times among some European and American people, wearing a mask in public can make them feel “worried”, “shy”, and “afraid of being looked at differently.”
But as the number of COVID-19 cases continues to grow around the world, many people in the West are changing their attitudes (态度) . In the US, for example, the need for masks is very high now. The US surgeon general (卫生局局长) has been asking people to avoid hoarding (囤积) masks, as they are more needed in hospitals than by the general public.
Mask culture in the East
In Asian countries like China and Japan, there has been a long tradition of mask-wearing. In China, for example, when doctor Wu Liande invented the modern medical mask during the pneumonic plague (肺鼠疫) in 1910, the mask became a symbol of China’s position as a modern, scientific nation. The 2003 SARS epidemic again led to the wide use of masks as a form of anti-viral (抗病毒的) protection in China and elsewhere in East Asia.
In Japan, wearing masks has long been seen as a manner to reassure (使安心) others when one catches a cold or flu. Some Japanese also turn masks into fashion accessories (配饰), with different colors and styles to match their clothes. Wearing masks is also a way to “hide” for young women when they don’t have their makeup (化妆) on.
In more collectivist (集体主义的) cultures in Asia, wearing masks might also be a symbol of solidarity (团结) during the outbreak, according to Christos Lynteris. “Mask culture in Asia creates a sense of a fate (命运) shared, common obligation (责任) and civic (公民的) duty.” People wear masks “to show that they want to stick together” in the face of danger, Lynteris wrote.
( )1. Why don’t healthy people in the West wear masks
A. They don’t think masks can prevent disease.
B. They think masks are for sick people to wear.
C. Only medical workers need to wear masks.
D. Wearing a mask looks funny.
( )2. What isn’t the reason for Japanese wearing masks
A. They wear masks to reassure others when catching a cold or flu.
B. Some Japanese wear masks as fashion accessories.
C. Some young women wear masks when they don’t make up.
D. They wear masks to make others feel worried.
( )3. What does Lynteris mean in the last paragraph
A. People have no sense of duty if they don’t wear masks.
B. Mask culture creates a sense of collective obligation.
C. Asian people are more united in the face of danger.
D. We are a community with a shared future for mankind.
( )4. The purpose of the story is to ____________.
A. explain why Westerners don’t wear masks
B. prove the importance of wearing masks during an epidemic(流行病)
C. show how opinions about masks differ between different countries
D. explain the history of masks
B
A new way of education that integrates (融合)online and offline learning has become a “new common” in basic education, as technology is quickly changing and updating the future form of schools worldwide.
“Classes that are digitalized (数字化) and integrated are playing an increasingly important role in the field of education, which also suggests the integrated teaching model is quickly becoming a new type,” said Gao Han, vice-president of ClassIn Interactive Class.
Gao said that during the COVID-19 pandemic, the basic education area just moved from offline to online, where ClassIn has helped to reproduce offline scenes to online as much as possible.
“But a more important purpose is that we can make use of our new technologies to develop students’ ability to solve difficult problems in the future,” Gao noted.
Gao shared the opinions during the 2020 Future School Ecology Conference, where EEO, the parent company of ClassIn, announced that it worked together with Beijing 101 Middle School to donate a ClassIn X smart classroom to Liangshan Minzu Middle School in Southwest China’s Sichuan province.
Set up in 2014, EEO's ClassIn is the world’s first online interactive classroom product.
During the COVID-19 outbreak this year, ClassIn has helped over 10,000 offline education organizations to move from offline to online.
The company has started the ClassIn X smart classroom recently, which hopes to provide simple but powerful online and offline integrated teaching solutions to the education area.
According to Xiong Yongchang, head of Beijing 101 Middle School, there are barriers (障碍) for social resources to enter schools.
“With the integrated mode (模式), learning and teaching methods become flexible (灵活的), and the ways schools are organized also are more flexible than in the past,” Xiong said.
“It is not just about taking a class and doing homework online. It is important whether they can make the platform a common part of student life,” he added.
( )5.The underlined word reproduce in Paragraph 3 probably means ________.
A. 生产 B. 重温 C. 繁殖 D. 重现
( )6.What can we learn about the ClassIn
A. It provides simple but powerful learning solutions to the learners.
B. It can use new technologies to develop students’ all kinds of abilities.
C. It has been the world’s first online interactive classroom product since 2014.
D. According to Xiong Yongchang, it is just about helping students doing homework.
( )7.The following sentence would best be placed at the beginning of _______.
“But the integrated learning projects use new technologies to break that wall.”
A. Paragraph 8 B. Paragraph 9 C. Paragraph 10 D. Paragraph 11
( )8. What is the passage mainly about
Some changes to the school learning.
The development of the form of schools.
C. The popularity of ClassIn Interactive Class.
D. An introduction to a new way of education.
C
“One of the reasons I find this topic very interesting is because my mom was a smoker when I was younger,” says Lindson-Hawley, who studies tobacco(烟草) and health at the University of Oxford.
By studying about 700 adult smokers, she found out that her mom quit(戒除) the right way—by stopping abruptly(突然地) and completely.
In her study, participants were randomly(随机地) divided into two groups. One had to quit abruptly on a given day, going from about a pack a day to zero. The other cut down gradually(逐渐地) over the course of two weeks. People in both groups used nicotine patches(尼古丁贴片) before they quit besides a second form of nicotine replacement, like gum or spray. They also had talk therapy with a nurse before and after quit day.
Six months out, more people who had quit abruptly had stuck with it—more than one-fifth of them, compared to about one-seventh in the other group. Although these numbers appear low, it is much higher than if people try without support.
And the quit rates were particularly convincing given that before the study started, most of the people had said they’d rather cut down gradually before quitting. “If you’re training for a marathon, you wouldn’t expect to turn up and just be able to run it. And I think people see that for smoking as well. They think, ‘Well, if I gradually reduce, it’s like practice,’” says Lindson-Hawley. But that wasn’t the case. Instead of giving people practice, the gradual reduction likely gave them cravings(瘾) and withdrawal symptoms(回归症状) before they even reached quit day, which could be why fewer people in that group actually made it to that Point. “Regardless of your stated preference, if you’re ready to quit, quitting abruptly is more effective,” says Dr. Gabriela Ferreira. “When you can quote a specific number like a fifth of the patients were able to quit, that’s acceptable. It gives them the encouragement, I think, to really go for it,” Ferreira says.
People rarely manage to quit the first time they try. But at least, she says, they can increase the possibility of success.
( )9.What does Lindson-Hawley say about her mother
A. She quit smoking with her daughter’s help.
B. She succeeded in quitting smoking abruptly.
C. She was also a researcher of tobacco and health.
D. She studied the smoking patterns of adult smokers.
( )10.How does Dr. Gabriela Ferreira see the result of Lindson-Hawley’s experiment
A. It is idealized. B. It is unexpected. C. It is encouraging. D. It is misleading.
( )11.The idea of “a marathon” (Line 2, Para. 5) shows the popular belief that quitting smoking ________.
A. is something few can achieve B. requires a lot of patience
C. needs some practice first D. is a challenge at the beginning
( )12.What happens when people try to quit smoking gradually
A. They find it even more difficult. B. They are simply unable to make it.
C. They show fewer cravings. D. They feel much less pain in the process.
D
Race walking shares many fitness advantages with running, while causes fewer injuries (伤害), research shows. It does, however, have its own problem.
Racewalkers are conditioned athletes. The longest event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometre race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact with the ground at all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
14 . According to most calculations (计算), race walkers moving at a speed of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories ( 卡路里) per hour. Although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour, it is about twice as many as walking would burn.
However, race walking does not hit the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.
As a result, she says, some of the injuries connected with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place lots of stress on the ankles (脚踝) and hips (臀部), so people with a history of such injuries might want to be careful when trying the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first turn to a coach or experienced racer to learn proper skills, she says. It takes some practice.
( )13.The writing purpose of this passage is _____________.
A. to introduce a form of exercise B. to encourage people to try race walking
C. to compare race walking with running D. to tell people the advantages of race walking
( )14.Which of the following would be most suitable for 14
A. Compared with running, race walking is more popular.
B. Like running, race walking requires physical strength (体力).
C. Race walking requires more physical strength than running.
D. Race walking is a popular way of exercise, like walking and running.
( )15. What advantages does race walking have over running
A. It’s more attractive at the Olympics. B. It causes fewer knee injuries.
C. It doesn’t do any harm to body. D. It burns lots of calories.
( )16. We can learn about race walking from the passage
A. It is a perfect form of exercise for everyone to try.
B. It will take the place of running in the future.
C. It is a sport that requires certain special skills.
D. It is much safer than running and walking.
E
As a third-generation(代) local person of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never planned to move away. Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help with their children, she politely refused. Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms. Garza finally say yes. That was four years ago. Today all three generations consider the move as a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.
No statistics(统计数据) show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to adult children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend(趋势) is growing. Even President Obama’s mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study by , 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson ’s decision will influence grandparents in the American family. Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family.
“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn't get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,” says Christine Crosby, publisher of Grand , a magazine for grandparents. “We now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them, especially when you’re raising children.”
Moving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices(牺牲), but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit more times instead. Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.
( )17. Why was Garza’s move a success
A. It made her family ties stronger. B. It improved her living conditions.
C. It made her able to make more friends. D. It helped her know more new places.
( )18. What did the public think of Mrs. Robinson’s decision
A. 17% expressed their support for it. B. Few people showed their understanding.
C. 83% believed it had a bad influence. D. Most people thought it was a trend.
( )19. What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s
A. They were unsure of themselves. B. They were willing to raise more children.
C. They wanted to live away from their parents. D. They had little respect for their grandparents.
( )20. What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph
A. Make decisions according to their own needs.
B. Ask their children to pay more visits to them.
C. Make sacrifices for their struggling children .
D. Get to know themselves better.
F
When a baby cries, its parents will check on it as soon as they can and make sure it is okay. According to a new study, a baby’s cry can make adults act very quickly, even if they are not the baby’s parents.
Oxford University researchers used the classic game whack-a-mole (打地鼠) for the study. Whack-a-mole requires people to hit one of nine buttons (按钮). Players must act as quickly as they can to whichever of the buttons that lights up. It is a game that requires speed and accuracy (准确度).
The study invited 40 men and women aged 19 to 59. Some of them had sons or daughters, although none of their children were babies. They played whack-a-mole after listening to different sounds, including babies’ crying, the crying of adults in trouble and birdsongs. They were played at a similar high sound to the babies’ cries.
The volunteers’ scores were higher after listening to the sound of crying babies. Men and women had similar scores. The results showed that hearing a crying baby can get adults to act quickly.
“It’s almost impossible to ignore crying babies on planes. This is true even though there are so many other noises around.” said Morten Kringelbach, the scientist who led the study. He added that in the course of human evolution (进化), taking care of babies has always been an important job for adults. When a baby is hungry, it will cry. As a result, human brains develop a special reaction to a baby’s cry.
( )21. According to the story, _____ can make adults act very quickly.
A. babies’ cries B. babies’ laughter C. the crying of adults D. birdsongs
( )22. The game “whack-a-mole” in the study shows _____.
A. women act to a baby’s cry more quickly than men
B. men and women have different action speeds
C. adults without babies act less quickly to babies’ crying
D. a baby’s cry can get special attention from adults
( )23. What does the underlined word “ ignore ” in Paragraph5 probably mean .
A. Be angry with B. Be unpleasant with
C. Pay no attention to D. Laugh at
( )24. What can we know from the story .
A. There were 59 volunteers who took part in the study
B. Human brains have developed to take care of babies
C. Baby cries have developed a lot during the course of human evolution
D. Taking care of babies is the most important thing for adults
G
It’s hard to turn down hamburgers, French fries, potato chips and all of the other junk food that seem to call out to us. However, eating too much junk food can harm your body, especially if you’re between the ages of 10 and 19.
“Junk food shapes the brains of teenagers in ways that hurt their ability to think, learn and remember. It can also make it harder to control their crazy behaviors,” said Amy Reichelt, a brain scientist at Western University, Canada. “It may even up a teen’s risk of depression (抑郁) and worries.”
Reichelt and two other researchers reviewed more than 100 studies, including their own, about how poor food choices can influence the brains of teenagers. They found teenagers are more sensitive than any other age group to foods with a lot of fat and sugar as their brains are not yet fully formed
Teenagers’ brains are still developing the ability to know about risks and control actions. The prefrontal cortex (前额皮质) is the part of the brain that tells us we shouldn’t eat chips all the time and helps us against them. However, this region is the last to mature (发育成熟) — it doesn’t fully develop until we are in our early 20s.
Meanwhile, teen brains get more excited from rewards. The parts of the brain that make us feel good when we experience something good — like eating tasty foods — are fully developed by the teen years.
In fact, these regions are even more sensitive when we are young. That’s because dopamine (多巴胺), a natural chemical that lifts our mood when we experience something good, is especially active in teen brains.
Therefore, the teen brain has two attacks when it comes against junk food. “It has a increasing power for rewards and reduced self-regulation (自我调节),” said Reichelt.
Reichelt and her team did their own study using mice, whose brains develop much like our own. They discovered that the “teenage” mice that had a high-fat diet did worse on memory tests than those eating a normal diet. Researchers said the high-fat diet may make the mice’s prefrontal cortex work less actively.
So, what’s the best way to say no to junk food Researchers suggest exercise. When we exercise, the brain’s reward system becomes less sensitive(敏感) to junk food. Exercise also gets the body to make something that helps brain cells grow and increases connections between the prefrontal cortex and other brain parts. So the prefrontal cortex can work better to help us make wise decisions and control our behaviour.
( )25. What is the purpose of the first two paragraphs
A. To describe what junk food is.
B. To tell us why junk food is hard to fight against.
C. To explain the dangers of junk food.
D. To show the connection between food and brains.
( )26. What makes it harder for young people to fight against junk food according to the study
A. Their strong interest to take risks.
B. Their over active brains.
C. Their still-developing prefrontal cortex.
D. The low level of dopamine in their brains.
( )27. What did the study on mice prove
A. High-fat diets could never affect our brain.
B. Our mood could suffer from eating junk food.
C. The brain of a mouse is similar to that of a person’s.
D. High-fat diets could harm our ability to deal with information.
( )28. How does exercise help us according to the last paragraph
A. It activates the brain’s reward system.
B. It holds back the interest for junk food.
C. It makes the body produce a protein to control our behaviour.
D. It helps the prefrontal cortex work better with dopamine.
H
Many people know that rubbish is a big problem on planet Earth. What many people don't know is that junk(垃圾) has become a problem in outer space too.
According to BBC News, there are more than 22, 000 pieces of space junk floating around the earth. And these are just the things that we can see from the surface of the earth by telescopes (望远镜). There are also millions of smaller pieces of junk that we can't see.
Objects, like bits of old space rockets(火箭) or satellites(卫星), move around the planet at very high speed so fast that even a very small piece can break important satellites or become dangerous to astronauts. If the tiniest piece of junk crashed into a spaceship, it could damage(损害) the space tool.
To make things worse, when two objects in space crash, they break into many smaller pieces. For example, when a U.S. satellite hit an old Russian rocket in 2009, it broke into more than 2,000 pieces, space junk produced as a result.
To reduce more and more space junk, countries have agreed that all new space tools can only stay in space for 25 years at most. Each tool must be built to fall safely into the earth's atmosphere(大气层) after that time. In the upper parts of the atmosphere, it will burn up.
Many scientists also suggest different ways to clean up space junk. In England, scientists are testing a special net(网) that can be sent into space junk. The net catches the junk and then pulls it into the earth's atmosphere to burn up. The Germans are building robots that can collect pieces of space junk and bring them back to Earth to be safely dealt with.
“The problem is becoming more challenging because we're sending more objects into space to help people use their mobile phones and computers,” says Marco Castronuovo, an Italian space researcher.
“The time to act is now. The longer we leave the problem, the bigger it will become,” he says.
( )29.The underlined word “these” in Paragraph 2 refers to______________.
A．telescopes B．problems C．pieces of space junk D．BBC news reports
( )30. The space junk is considered a problem because _______________.
A. it burns up after it re-enters the atmosphere
B. it often stops the view of telescopes on Earth
C. it could force new space tools to travel at lower speed
D. it may crash into other space tools causing damage or death
( )31. What can we learn about junk in outer space
A. Tiny pieces of junk at lower speed do little harm to the earth.
B. Space junk may be a bigger problem if no actions are taken.
C. Scientists from England and Germany have the better ways to reduce space junk.
D. There’s no way to clean up space junk because more objects are sent into space.
( )32. We can infer from the passage that _____________.
A. a safe space tool can stay in space for ever
B. rubbish as well as space junk used to be a big problem
C. scientists have no trouble solving the problem of space junk
D. more efforts require to be made to keep outer space safe and clean
参考答案
BDBC/DCCD/BCCA/ABBC/ADCA/ADCB/CCDC/CDBD
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