2022届高考英语二轮复习 ：助动词与情态动词 学案（含答案）

2022英语二轮复习提分计划基础语法之词法篇
动词部分
考情总析
谓语动词是历届高考中的重中之重，也是英语句子结构的核心。高考试题一般在语法填空、短文改错与写作中检测对谓语动词的考查，并主要考查谓语动词的时态(动词的时态要和该句的时间状语或上下文的时态保持一致；以考查一般现在时/一般过去时/现在完成时为主)、语态以及主谓一致。另外，助动词的用法和虚拟语气也需要注意。未来高考仍以考查时态为主，但考查形式会结合语态和语气等形式，侧重考查在语境中正确灵活使用谓语动词的时态和语态的能力。
8. 助动词与情态动词
撰稿：何超
Ⅰ. 考情分析
若句子结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，则很可能是填情态动词或表示疑问的助动词(do/does, did等)；也可能缺少或多余be动词。
Ⅱ. 考点回顾
1. 助动词
(1)be动词：is/am/are, was/were
(2)构成疑问或否定的助动词：do/does, did
(3)构成完成时态：have/has, had
(4)构成将来时态：shall/should, will/would
2. 情态动词
(1)只作情态动词：can/could, may/might, must, ought to
(2)作情态动词与实义动词：need, dare/dared
(3)作情态动词与助动词：shall/should, will/would
(4)具有情态动词的特征：be able to, have to, used to, had better, would rather
Ⅲ. 真题感悟
一、语法填空
[例1] It does mean, however, that we ___49___ care enough about our friends to find out how they are doing from time to time.
[简析]should。我们对朋友应该表示足够的关怀。
[例2] Then the driver stood up and asked, “ ___68___ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop ”
[简析]Did。问号表明是一般疑问句，状语at the last stop暗示用一般过去时，应填did。
[例3] Not until I returned ___32___ I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me.
[简析]did。“not until…”位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装，且主从句时态保持一致，应填did。
[例题4] This ___29___ sound crazy, but I was on my way to drop some of my mother’s thing off at the charity bins.
[答案与解析]might/may。
[例题5] Remember, however, that you should usually consult different types of sources. That is, you ___51___ always rely just on the Internet for you research.
[答案与解析] shouldn’t。shouldn’t。根据语境“you should usually consult different types of sources”可知，空格处应填情态动词shouldn’t“不应该”。
[例6]Here ___77___ my tips for you.
[简析]are。here位于句首时，要用倒装，谓语动词的数则依据其后的主语my tips而定，应填are。
[例7]If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better __39__ (control ) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.
[简析]control 考查固定搭配。动词短语had better“最好”是情态动词，后面要接动词原形。
[例8]Not only (27)____ the writers speak with people who study couture( 时装) and
group behavior, but also they talked with animal experts like zookeepers.
[简析]did。考查倒装句型。
[例9]Rarely(21)____I need to prepare family dinner every day.
[简析]do。考查倒装句型。
二、短文改错
[例1] But then there is always more mysteries to look into.
[简析]is→are。考查there be句型。
[例2]If I listen to my own records, there are no need to spend money.
[简析]are→is。考查there be句型。
[例3]Why you think so many people still suffer from poverty now
[简析]∧you →do。时间状语为now，且特殊疑问句中缺少助动词do。
[例4]I am very pleased to say that all of us greatly improved our spoken English so far.
[简析]∧greatly →have。宾语从句中有时间状语so far，故用现在完成时态。
[例5]Here are the information about Manchester University.
[简析]are→is。考查倒装句型。
[例6]I find that the neighborhood which I used to living in has changed a lot.
[简析]living →lived。
[例7]My best friend Aigulie was used to share her Nang with me. Nang is a special kind of cake in Xinjiang.
[简析]删除was。used to do something为固定搭配，意为“过去常常做某事”。
[例8]She used to holding me on her knees and sing old songs.
[简析]holding →hold。
[例9]Suddenly the arrows were flying down at us from the sky —they were looked like rain!
[简析]删除they后的were。句子主语“这些箭”与谓语动词“看起来像”之间是主动关系。
[例10]Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.
[简析]删除been。句子主语“大量研究”与谓语动词“表明”之间是主动关系。
[例11]Then he and my mother would have had a drink while she prepared dinner and they would talk about his day and hers.
[简析]删除have 后的had。此处不是虚拟语气，故删除had，would do something意为“过去常常做某事”。
[例12]Still I unwilling to play the games with them sometimes.
[简析]∧unwilling →was。unwilling是形容词，它和系动词一起构成“主系表”结构；文章叙述“我”小时候的事情，主语是I，故加上was。