2022届高考英语二轮复习 ：形容词学案（含答案）

2022英语二轮复习提分计划基础语法之词法篇
4. 形容词
Ⅰ. 考情分析
形容词的用法贯穿英语语言的每一个角落，涵盖听力、阅读理解、完形填空、语法填空、短文改错和写作。语法填空、短文改错考查形容词的基本用法、比较等级和词性转换；完形填空考查形容词的词义辨析；听力、阅读理解当中形容词的意义会影响理解文章材料意思；写作运用形容词会使文章准确而生动。考纲要求掌握形容词的基本用法，熟悉形容词的词义、比较等级的形式、合成词，以及与形容词相关的特殊句型。
Ⅱ. 考点回顾
1. 形容词的基本用法
(1)形容词常用作定语，修饰名词。
What a fine day! 多好的天气！
Your room is the same size as mine.
(2)形容词位于连系动词之后作表语。
The weather has turned cold.
This bike is expensive.
(3)形容词用作补语。可接形容词作宾补的动词有：believe, consider, cut, feel, find, get, imagine, keep, leave, make, paint, prove, send, think, wish等。
Using body language in a correct way will make the stay in a foreign country easy and comfortable.
You will find the book valuable.
2. 形容词比较等级的构成方法
(1)单音节词和部分以-er, -ow结尾的双音节词通常加后缀–er和–est
(2)若原级以字母e结尾的单音节词和部分以-le结尾的双音节词通常加后缀–r和–st
(3)若原级以“辅音字母+y”结尾，则应将y改为i，再加-er和-est
(4)若原级为重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，则双写这个辅音字母后再加词尾-er和-est
(5)多音节和部分双音节词在其前加more和most构成比较级和最高级：
appropriate(适当的), beautiful, careful, common, dangerous, difficult, efficient, evident,
expensive, flexible, grateful, important, intelligent, likely, modern, modest, patient, popular, traditional, useful, valuable, willing, wonderful
注：less和least也用来构成比较级或最高级，表示“较不……”和“最不……”
expensive →less expensive →the least expensive
3. 形容词比较等级的基本句型
(1)等比句型(同级比较)：表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as +原级形容词+as”结构；在否定句中, 表示双方不相等时，用“not so/as) +原级形容词+as”结构。
He cannot run so/as fast as you.
This is as good an example as the other is.
(2)差比句型(比较级)
①表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级+than”结构。
She is better than she was yesterday.
This room is less beautiful than that one.
②表示一方随另一方的程度变化而变化时，用“the +比较级(主语+谓语), the +比较级(主语+谓语)”结构，意为“越……越……”。　
The more knowledge you study, the more you will know. 你学的越多, 就知道的越多。
③不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级+and+比较级”结构，意为“越来越……”。
The computer is cheaper and cheaper. 计算机越来越便宜。
The girl becomes more and more beautiful.
④表示两者间“较……的一个”，用“the+比较级+of the two…”结构。
Who is the older of the tow boys
(3)极比句型(最高级)：主语+谓语+the+形容词最高级(+名词)+表示范围的短语(of/in…)。
Tony is the tallest (boy) of the twenty boy students.
Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.
To tell the truth, this is the biggest apple I have ever met.
4. 比较级前的修饰语
(1)much, very much, a lot, a great deal, far, rather, by far表示“……得多”
(2)a little, a bit, a little bit, slightly表示“一点儿、稍微”
注意：some(肯定句)，any(否定句、疑问句)，表“……一些”
I’m feeling some better.
The man was too tired to go any farther.
(3) still, even, yet, all the表示“更加……”
5. 倍数表达法：三倍以上多用times，两倍可以用twice或double。
(1)倍数+as +形容词或副词原级+as…
Asia is four times as large as Europe.
(2)倍数+形容词或副词的比较级+than…
形容词或副词的比较级+than…+by+倍数
Your school is three times bigger than ours.
Your school is bigger than ours by three times.
(3)倍数+the+size/length/weight/height+of…
The new building is four times the size (the height) of the old one. 这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍(高三倍)。
Ⅲ. 真题感悟
一、语法填空
[例1] “That would be a very __19__(reason) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours,” Nick said.
[简析]reasonable。空后为名词thing, 空前有冠词a，因此可以推断空处应该填reason的形容词形式reasonable“合理的”。
[例2] Just be ___70___ (patience).
[简析] patient。系动词be后接形容词构成系表结构。
[例3] As __69__ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
[简析] natural。形容词做定语修饰名词。
[例4] Inside was a beautiful gold necklace with a large grey pearl. It was ___32___ (nice)gift I’d ever received, and it was from a complete stranger.
[简析] the nicest。联系定语从句I’d ever received“我有史以来收到的”可知，空格处要用最高级形式。
[例5] If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别)those of ___61___ (great)and less importance.
[简析] greater。空格处与比较级less是并列关系。
[例6] Chinese scientists recently had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby. She was a very ___63___ (care) mother.
[答案与解析] caring或careful。修饰名词mother应用形容词。
[例7] However, be __69__ (care) not to go to extremes.
[简析] careful。连系动词be后接形容词作表语。
[例8] The central London Railway was one of the most __70__ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.
[简析] successful。“one of the+形容词最高级+of+可数名词复数”为固定表达，意为“最……之一”。
[例9] According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years __61__ (long) than non-runners.
[简析] longer。根据空白处之后的than可知，此处用long的比较级。
[例10] Running is cheap, easy and it’s always __69__(energy).
[简析] energetic。连系动词be后接形容词形式作表语。
[例11] According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total __67__ (globe) fertilizer consumption.
[简析] global。修饰名词consumption要用形容词形式。
[例12] That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the __63__ (loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.
[简析] loudest。由空格后的“of all”可知，雄性大猩猩喊叫声最大。因此填最高级形式loudest。
[例13]The obvious one is money: eating out once or twice a week may be __62__(afford) but doing this most days adds up.
[简析] affordable。be动词后接形容词作表语。
[例14]The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be affordable but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even __63__ (high) cost on your health.
[简析] higher。此处是在进行比较，故用high的比较级形式。
[例15]Most people work because it is (avoid). By contrast, there are some people who actually enjoy work.
[简析]unavoidable。联系后文“相比之下，有一些人真的享受工作”可知，前文内容是“大多数人工作是因为工作是不可避免的”，故填形容词unavoidable作表语。
[例16]Generally speaking, the more pressure young couples have, the (happy) they become.
[简析]unhappier。
二、短文改错
[例1]After learning the basics of the subject, nothing else seemed very practically to me.
[简析]practically→practical。
[例2]For instance, one night, he played strong and loudly music till four o’clock in the morning.
[简析]loudly →loud。
[例3]There have been reports in America about people trying to steal person information for bad purposes.
[简析]person→personal。
[例4]We’d throw a coin as far as possibly.
[简析]possibly →possible。
[例5]Both the diet and the exercise will help me to lose weight and feel more better.
[简析]删除more。
[例6]The medicine had so a bitter taste that I took it mixed in orange juice.
[简析]so →such。
[例7]Last year, my English teacher proved to be the more popular in our school. [简析]more →most。
[例8]It was indeed not easy to get the touch with everybody and set a well time for all of us.
[简析]well →good。
[例9]To make matters bad, now I have to share a room with my younger sister, Maggie.
[简析]bad →worse。
[例10]I found the test difficulty, but I tried hard to do it.
[简析]difficulty →difficult。动词found后跟形容词作宾补。
[例11]My mum makes the better biscuits in the world, so I decided to ask her for help.
[简析]better →best。后文有比较范围in the world“在世界上”，故用最高级形式。
[例12]At one time, I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them.
[简析]freely →free。连系动词be后接形容词作表语。
[例13]It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road.
[简析]suddenly →sudden。动词短语come to a stop“停下来”中的stop是一个名词，故用形容词修饰。
[例14]I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the latest music albums.
[简析]difference →different。修饰名词kinds，要用形容词。