2022年高考英语二轮复习：数词学案（含答案）

7. 数词
Ⅰ. 考情分析
高考对数词的考查集中在语法填空和短文改错题型，涉及到基数词和序数词的的基本用法、编号表示法以及确数、约数、分数表示法。虽然数词考查的频率不高(在语法填空和短文改错中共考查3题)，但备考时也不能忽视。
Ⅱ. 考点回顾
1. 基本用法
(1)表示数目的词是基数词。
①one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten
②eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, ③twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety, hundred, thousand, million, billion(十亿)
基数词的写法：从数字的右端向左数起，每三位数加一个逗号“,”。从右开始，第一个“,”前的数字后添加 thousand，第二个“,”前面的数字后添加 million，第三个“,”前的数字后添加 billion。然后一节一节分别表示，两个逗号之间最大的数为百位数形式。在百位和十位之间用连词“and”，十位和个位之间用连字符“-”。
(2)表示数目顺序的词是序数词，即“第几”。例如：
①first, second, third, fourth, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth
②整十位数的序数词：将整十位数词尾的-y变成i再加-eth。twentieth, fortieth
③几十几的序数词：把个位数变成序数词，十位数不变。fifty-first, ninety-fourth
2. 编号表示法
(1)单纯的序号用“number +基数词”或简写为“No. +基数词”。
如：Huili No.1 Middle School
(2)the +序数词+名词；名词+基数词。
如：第一次世界大战：the First World War或World War One。
3. 确数、约数表示法
(1)确数表示法：基数词/several/some + hundred/thousand/million+名词复数，表示确切数量。
如：seven thousand books。
(2)约数表示法：hundreds/thousands/millions+ of +名词复数，表示几百/上千/上百万等大约数概念，其前不能用基数词，但可用several/ some修饰。
如：Every year tens of thousands of people go to work in Guangdong Province.
4. 年代表示法：in the +逢十的基数词复数。
如：在五十年代 in the 50s或in the 50’s
在二十世纪九十年代 in the 1990s或in the 1990’s
5. 在某人几十岁时：in one’s +逢十的基数词复数。
如：be in one’s tens/twenties/thirties...nineties表示“在某人十几岁/二十几岁/三十几岁……九十几岁时”。
6. 分数、百分数表示法
(1)分数：①分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1时，分母用复数。
如：One-fifth of the books are mine. 三分之一的书是我的。
Two thirds of the money was spent on food.
②分子+ in/ out of +分母”，分子与分母都用基数词。
如：one in ten (十分之一) five out of eight(八分之五)
(2)百分数：基数词+ percent + of…
如：Thirty percent of them are girl students. 他们当中的30%是女生。
Eighty percent of what he said is true. 他的话有80%是真实的。
7. 表示“每隔……”：every + 基数词 +名词复数或every + 序数词 +名词单数
如：every four days或every fourth day
every other week every few meters
8. 隐含的数词：double两倍、couple两个、fortnight两周、dozen十二、score二十、decade十年、century一百年、free of charge/for free免费、off减价、discount打折。
Ⅲ. 真题感悟
一、语法填空
[例1]Please open your books and turn to the _____ (ten) page.
[简析]tenth。
[例2]In summer, I will go swimming every _____ (three) day in the swimming pool near my home.
[简析]third。
[例3]_____ (hundred) of people attended the meeting last night.
[简析]Hundreds。
[例4]About three _____ (five) of the workers in that steel works are young people.
[简析]fifths。
[例5]It is not rare in the 90s that people in their _____ (fifty) are going to university for further education.
[简析]fifties。
[例6]If there is a big football match, several _____ (hundred) police will watch the traffic.
[简析]hundred。
[例7]The village is far away from here indeed. It’s a four _____ (hour) walk.
[简析]hours’。
[例8]She went to the bookstore and bought _____ (dozen) of books.
[简析]dozens。
[例9]The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one _____ (three) were used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long.
[简析]third。
[例10]In the 56 (seven) grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. (2021全国新高考Ⅱ卷)
[简析]seventh考查序数词。句意：七年级的时候，我开始在加州的蒙特利湾水族馆做志愿者。表示“七年级”用序数词。
二、短文改错
[例1]We are going to learn Lesson Twelfth next week.
[简析]Twelfth →Twelve。
[例2]Two hundreds old people died of cold last winter.
[简析]hundreds →hundred。
[例3]The hero of the story is an artist in his thirty.
[简析]thirty →thirties。
[例4]These plants are watered each other day.
[简析]each →every。
[例5]Two fifth of the land in that district is covered with trees and grass.
[简析]fifth →fifths。
[例6]Many students signed up for the 800-meters-long race in the sports meeting to be held next week.
[简析]800-meters-long →800-meter-long。
[例7]It is reported that the floods have left about thousand of people homeless.
[简析]thousand →thousands。
[例8]In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons.
[简析]eighteen→eighteenth。表示我18岁的生日，即第18个生日，故用序数词。
[例9]Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher very much.
[简析]five→fifth。考查序数词。年级、班级是按数字顺序排列的，所以“在几年级”中的数词需要用序数词。