2022年高考英语二轮复习：It作形式主语 学案（含答案）
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| 名称 | 2022年高考英语二轮复习：It作形式主语 学案（含答案） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2022-04-06 18:47:53 | ||
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It 用作形式主语
Ⅰ. 讲解
当句子的主语是不定式、动名词或主语从句时，常常可以用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语移到句子后部。用it作形式主语的好处是避免句子由于主语太长而显得头重脚轻。
一、It作形式主语，代替动词不定式。
1. It+be+名词+ (for sb.) +不定式。
用于该句型中的名词有：a duty, a fact, a pity, a shame, an honor, a problem, a surprise, a wonder, common knowledge, good news, no wonder等。
It is the teachers’ duty to teach the students. 教学生是老师的职责。
2. It+be+形容词+ (for sb.) +不定式。
如果不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起，句中的形容词通常是表示重要性、紧迫性、频繁程度、难易、安全等情况的形容词。常见的这类形容词主要有：clear, certain, common, dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, legal, likely, natural, necessary, normal, obvious, pleasant, polite, possible, proper, rare, right, safe, suitable, true, unusual, wrong等。
What time would it be most convenient to call you again 什么时候再给你打电话最合适？
It is illegal for a teenager to drive a car without a license. 对青少年来说)无驾驶证开车是违章行为。
Jane remembered how difficult it was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. 简还记得为她的父亲挑选一份合适的圣诞礼物是多么的困难。
3. It+be+形容词+ (of sb.) +不定式。
如果不定式的逻辑主语是由of引起，句中的形容词通常是能表示人性格、特征的形容词。常见的这类形容词主要有：brave, careless, clever, considerate, cruel, foolish, friendly, good, honest, kind, lazy, modest, naughty, nice, polite, rude, silly, stupid, thoughtful, wise, wrong等。此句型可以改写为：sb. is+形容词+to do sth.
It’s very thoughtful of you to offer me this lovely holiday. 你能给我这么美好的假日，实在是想得太周到了。
How foolish it is of you to give up such a good chance. 放弃这么好的机会，你真傻。
4. It take/cost+(sb.)+时间/金钱+不定式。
It took us three hours to get there. 去那里要花费我们三个小时。
It will cost a lot of money to buy a house like that. 买那样一幢房子需要很多钱。
5. It’s up to sb. to do sth. 意为“由某人决定做某事”。
It’s up to us to give them all the help we can. 我们理应竭尽所能地给予他们帮助。
6. It’s (not) like sb. to do sth. 意为“像某人那样的人(不)会做某事”。
It’s not like Jim to be late for class. He’s always on time. 吉姆可不是上课迟到的人。他总是准时。
7. It’s one’s turn to do sth. 意为“轮到某人做某事”。
It was my turn to clean the blackboard. 轮到我擦黑板了。
二、It作形式主语，代替动名词。
It+be+名词(no good/use/sense/point/harm, a waste of time, a great fun等)+doing sth.。
It’s no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收/事已至此，后悔也无用。
It is a waste of time trying to explain．设法解释是浪费时间。
三、It作形式主语，代替从句。
1. It+be+名词+从句。
用于该句型中的名词主要有：a duty, a fact, a pity, a shame, an honor, a problem, a surprise, a wonder, common knowledge, good news, no wonder, our belief, our hope等。
It is a pity that you didn’t see such a good film. 真可惜你没看到这么好的电影。
It is a shame that you have to leave so soon. 你必须这么早离开，真遗憾。
The Foreign Minister said, “It is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” 外交部长说：“我们希望双方将努力实现和平。”
He hasn’t slept at all for three days. It is no wonder he is tired out. 他已经有三天没睡觉了。难怪他已经累坏了。
2. It+be+形容词+从句。
It is likely that it is going to rain tonight.
It’s certain that he will get on well with them. 可以肯定，他会同他们相处得很好
注：当形容词是advisable(明智的), desirable, essential, important, natural, necessary, preferable, strange, urgent等时，从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+动词原形”。
It is important that the students (should) learn English well. 学生学好英语是重要的。
It is essential that your homework (should) be finished in time.
3. It+be+过去分词+that从句。
能用于此句型的过去分词主要有：announced, believed, considered, decided, estimated
(据估计), expected, hoped, known, learned, reported, said, thought等。
It is reported that a seven-year-old girl won the game. 据报道，一个七岁的女孩赢了比赛。
注：当过去分词是advised/recommended/suggested, ordered/demanded, required/
requested等表示建议、命令、请求等词时，that后的从句要用虚拟语气“(should)+动词原形”。
It is suggested that the sports meeting (should) be put off until next week. 有人建议把运动会推迟到下周举行。
It has been decided that we should design the machine ourselves. 已经决定我们自己来设计这部机器。
4. It+不及物动词+that从句。
用于该句型中的不及物动词主要有：appear, happen, look, seem, turn out等。
It seems that there will be a heavy rain tonight. 看来今晚将有大雨。
It happens that he knows the address of the famous writer. 碰巧他知道那位著名作家的地址。
It turned out that among other things, he was an eighty-year-old write and was currently working on a new book. 结果证明，他是一个80岁的作家，目前正在写一本新书。
5. It occurred to me that从句，意为“ 我突然想起……”。
It occurred to me that I left my wallet in the taxi. 我突然想到我把钱包忘在出租车里了。
6. It doesn’t matter+if/whether从句。
It doesn’t matter to me what he says. 对我来说，他说什么都无所谓。
It doesn’t seem to matter much whether he received the gift or not. 他是否接受这件礼物似乎都无所谓。
7. It remains to be seen + if/whether从句。
It remains to be seen if we can finish the project in such a short time. 我们能否在这么短的时间完成这项任务还得拭目以待。
8. It makes no difference whether/if从句。
It makes no difference to me whether it’s foggy or clear. 对我来说，天气有雾或晴朗没什么关系。
9. It+介词短语+从句。
It is out of question that China's economy will keep growing for 40 years.
中国经济增长40年应该不成问题。
Ⅱ. 练习
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. In fact it is a hard job ______ the police to keep order in an important football match . (上海2001-33)
2. Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap ______ can be to eat out.
3. It’s important for the figures ______ (update) regularly.
4. The chairman thought ______ was necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the
meeting.
5. It was very ______ (friend) of the family to try to make me at home in their home..
6. It will take you three days ______ (finish) that task.
7. ______ is up to you to decide where to go this time.
8. ______ isn’t like him to have said anything like that.
9. Eugene’s never willing to alter any of his opinions. It’s no good ______ (argue) with him.
10. ______ felt funny watching myself on TV.
11. It is a fact ______ English is being accepted as an international language.
12. It is our belief ______ improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.
13. It is none of your business ______ other people think about you. Believe yourself. (福建2007-35)
14. It is possible ______ caffeine may cause birth defects (缺陷) in humans, too.
15. It is immediately clear ______ the financial crisis will soon be over.
16. It’s strange ______ he should have taken the books without the owner’s permission.
17. It ______ (prove) so far that eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.
18. It was ordered that we ______ (arrive) there in two hours.
19. It never occurred to me ______ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.
20. It ______ (seem) that he will be back in a few days.
21. ______ turned out that those 10,000 or so rabbits developed an immunity to the virus, and their numbers exploded once again.
22. She said that she and my schoolmates all wished me success, but it didn’t matter ______ I would win or not.
23. It makes no ______ (different) whether he will attend the meeting or not.
24. It remains ______ (see) whether the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice.
25. ______ is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.
26. On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take ______ (get) there.
27. It takes them hundreds of years ______ (break) down.
28. It is possible ______ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers. (2021全国甲卷-63)
参考答案：
1. for 2. it 3. to be updated 4. it 5. friendly 6. to finish 7. It 8. It 9. arguing 10. It 11. that 12. that 13. what 14. that 15. whether 16. that 17. has been proved 18. (should) arrive 19. that 20. seems 21. It 22. whether 23. difference 24. to be seen 25. It 26. to get 27. to break 28. to walk
二、用it作形式主语，把下列句子译成英语。
1. 年轻人占用老年人专座是不礼貌的。
2. 医生认为你去度假会有好处。
3. 为了享受活着是多么的美好，我们必须四处寻找，以增加生活体验。
4. 离校前就学习新知识，你真聪明。
5. 非常感谢你帮助我解决这个问题，真是太好了。
6. 买那个宝贵的花瓶花了他一些钱。
7. 应该由你决定是否去。
8. 今天该轮到他送孩子们上学了。
9. 抱怨我们的生活是没用的。
10. 打篮球很有趣。
11. 这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！
12. 在这做讲分享我的学习经验是我的荣幸。
13. 学生们很明显应该为自己的未来做好充分的准备。
14. 你在比赛前做足够的运动是有必要的。
15. 据说，人类天生就有说话的能力。
16. 请张小姐在晚会上表演一个节目。
17. 碰巧他不在那儿。
18. 结果，我竟然没有一个真正的朋友。
19. 他突然想到他把钥匙忘在办公室了。
20. 你的输赢并不重要。如果你尽力了，那就没有什么可后悔的了。
21. 这个想法能否付诸实践还有待观察。
22. 不管他是否去都没有什么影响。
参考答案：
1. It is bad manners for the young to take up the seats for the old.
2. The doctor thought it would be good for you to have a holiday.
3. To enjoy just how great it is to be alive, we have to look around to add to life experience.
4. It is wise of you to learn the new knowledge before leaving school.
5. It’s kind of you to help me with the problem.
6. It cost him some money to buy the valuable vase.
7. It’s up to you to decide whether to go or not.
8. It is his turn to take the children to school.
9. It is no use complaining about our life.
10. It is a great fun playing football．
11. It is a pity that such a thing should happen in your class.
12. It is my honor that I can give a speech here sharing my experience of study.
13. It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.
14. It is necessary that you do enough exercises before the race.
15. It is often said that human beings are naturally equipped to speak.
16. It is requested that Miss Zhang (should) give a performance at the party．
17. It happened that he wasn’t there.
18. It turned out that I didn’t even have one of a true friend.
19. It suddenly occurred to him that he had left his keys in the office.
20. It does not really matter whether you win or lose. If you try your best, there is nothing to regret.
21. It remains to be seen whether or not this idea can be put into practice.
22. It makes no difference whether he goes or not.
Ⅰ. 讲解
当句子的主语是不定式、动名词或主语从句时，常常可以用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语移到句子后部。用it作形式主语的好处是避免句子由于主语太长而显得头重脚轻。
一、It作形式主语，代替动词不定式。
1. It+be+名词+ (for sb.) +不定式。
用于该句型中的名词有：a duty, a fact, a pity, a shame, an honor, a problem, a surprise, a wonder, common knowledge, good news, no wonder等。
It is the teachers’ duty to teach the students. 教学生是老师的职责。
2. It+be+形容词+ (for sb.) +不定式。
如果不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起，句中的形容词通常是表示重要性、紧迫性、频繁程度、难易、安全等情况的形容词。常见的这类形容词主要有：clear, certain, common, dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, legal, likely, natural, necessary, normal, obvious, pleasant, polite, possible, proper, rare, right, safe, suitable, true, unusual, wrong等。
What time would it be most convenient to call you again 什么时候再给你打电话最合适？
It is illegal for a teenager to drive a car without a license. 对青少年来说)无驾驶证开车是违章行为。
Jane remembered how difficult it was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. 简还记得为她的父亲挑选一份合适的圣诞礼物是多么的困难。
3. It+be+形容词+ (of sb.) +不定式。
如果不定式的逻辑主语是由of引起，句中的形容词通常是能表示人性格、特征的形容词。常见的这类形容词主要有：brave, careless, clever, considerate, cruel, foolish, friendly, good, honest, kind, lazy, modest, naughty, nice, polite, rude, silly, stupid, thoughtful, wise, wrong等。此句型可以改写为：sb. is+形容词+to do sth.
It’s very thoughtful of you to offer me this lovely holiday. 你能给我这么美好的假日，实在是想得太周到了。
How foolish it is of you to give up such a good chance. 放弃这么好的机会，你真傻。
4. It take/cost+(sb.)+时间/金钱+不定式。
It took us three hours to get there. 去那里要花费我们三个小时。
It will cost a lot of money to buy a house like that. 买那样一幢房子需要很多钱。
5. It’s up to sb. to do sth. 意为“由某人决定做某事”。
It’s up to us to give them all the help we can. 我们理应竭尽所能地给予他们帮助。
6. It’s (not) like sb. to do sth. 意为“像某人那样的人(不)会做某事”。
It’s not like Jim to be late for class. He’s always on time. 吉姆可不是上课迟到的人。他总是准时。
7. It’s one’s turn to do sth. 意为“轮到某人做某事”。
It was my turn to clean the blackboard. 轮到我擦黑板了。
二、It作形式主语，代替动名词。
It+be+名词(no good/use/sense/point/harm, a waste of time, a great fun等)+doing sth.。
It’s no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收/事已至此，后悔也无用。
It is a waste of time trying to explain．设法解释是浪费时间。
三、It作形式主语，代替从句。
1. It+be+名词+从句。
用于该句型中的名词主要有：a duty, a fact, a pity, a shame, an honor, a problem, a surprise, a wonder, common knowledge, good news, no wonder, our belief, our hope等。
It is a pity that you didn’t see such a good film. 真可惜你没看到这么好的电影。
It is a shame that you have to leave so soon. 你必须这么早离开，真遗憾。
The Foreign Minister said, “It is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” 外交部长说：“我们希望双方将努力实现和平。”
He hasn’t slept at all for three days. It is no wonder he is tired out. 他已经有三天没睡觉了。难怪他已经累坏了。
2. It+be+形容词+从句。
It is likely that it is going to rain tonight.
It’s certain that he will get on well with them. 可以肯定，他会同他们相处得很好
注：当形容词是advisable(明智的), desirable, essential, important, natural, necessary, preferable, strange, urgent等时，从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+动词原形”。
It is important that the students (should) learn English well. 学生学好英语是重要的。
It is essential that your homework (should) be finished in time.
3. It+be+过去分词+that从句。
能用于此句型的过去分词主要有：announced, believed, considered, decided, estimated
(据估计), expected, hoped, known, learned, reported, said, thought等。
It is reported that a seven-year-old girl won the game. 据报道，一个七岁的女孩赢了比赛。
注：当过去分词是advised/recommended/suggested, ordered/demanded, required/
requested等表示建议、命令、请求等词时，that后的从句要用虚拟语气“(should)+动词原形”。
It is suggested that the sports meeting (should) be put off until next week. 有人建议把运动会推迟到下周举行。
It has been decided that we should design the machine ourselves. 已经决定我们自己来设计这部机器。
4. It+不及物动词+that从句。
用于该句型中的不及物动词主要有：appear, happen, look, seem, turn out等。
It seems that there will be a heavy rain tonight. 看来今晚将有大雨。
It happens that he knows the address of the famous writer. 碰巧他知道那位著名作家的地址。
It turned out that among other things, he was an eighty-year-old write and was currently working on a new book. 结果证明，他是一个80岁的作家，目前正在写一本新书。
5. It occurred to me that从句，意为“ 我突然想起……”。
It occurred to me that I left my wallet in the taxi. 我突然想到我把钱包忘在出租车里了。
6. It doesn’t matter+if/whether从句。
It doesn’t matter to me what he says. 对我来说，他说什么都无所谓。
It doesn’t seem to matter much whether he received the gift or not. 他是否接受这件礼物似乎都无所谓。
7. It remains to be seen + if/whether从句。
It remains to be seen if we can finish the project in such a short time. 我们能否在这么短的时间完成这项任务还得拭目以待。
8. It makes no difference whether/if从句。
It makes no difference to me whether it’s foggy or clear. 对我来说，天气有雾或晴朗没什么关系。
9. It+介词短语+从句。
It is out of question that China's economy will keep growing for 40 years.
中国经济增长40年应该不成问题。
Ⅱ. 练习
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. In fact it is a hard job ______ the police to keep order in an important football match . (上海2001-33)
2. Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap ______ can be to eat out.
3. It’s important for the figures ______ (update) regularly.
4. The chairman thought ______ was necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the
meeting.
5. It was very ______ (friend) of the family to try to make me at home in their home..
6. It will take you three days ______ (finish) that task.
7. ______ is up to you to decide where to go this time.
8. ______ isn’t like him to have said anything like that.
9. Eugene’s never willing to alter any of his opinions. It’s no good ______ (argue) with him.
10. ______ felt funny watching myself on TV.
11. It is a fact ______ English is being accepted as an international language.
12. It is our belief ______ improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.
13. It is none of your business ______ other people think about you. Believe yourself. (福建2007-35)
14. It is possible ______ caffeine may cause birth defects (缺陷) in humans, too.
15. It is immediately clear ______ the financial crisis will soon be over.
16. It’s strange ______ he should have taken the books without the owner’s permission.
17. It ______ (prove) so far that eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.
18. It was ordered that we ______ (arrive) there in two hours.
19. It never occurred to me ______ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.
20. It ______ (seem) that he will be back in a few days.
21. ______ turned out that those 10,000 or so rabbits developed an immunity to the virus, and their numbers exploded once again.
22. She said that she and my schoolmates all wished me success, but it didn’t matter ______ I would win or not.
23. It makes no ______ (different) whether he will attend the meeting or not.
24. It remains ______ (see) whether the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice.
25. ______ is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.
26. On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take ______ (get) there.
27. It takes them hundreds of years ______ (break) down.
28. It is possible ______ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers. (2021全国甲卷-63)
参考答案：
1. for 2. it 3. to be updated 4. it 5. friendly 6. to finish 7. It 8. It 9. arguing 10. It 11. that 12. that 13. what 14. that 15. whether 16. that 17. has been proved 18. (should) arrive 19. that 20. seems 21. It 22. whether 23. difference 24. to be seen 25. It 26. to get 27. to break 28. to walk
二、用it作形式主语，把下列句子译成英语。
1. 年轻人占用老年人专座是不礼貌的。
2. 医生认为你去度假会有好处。
3. 为了享受活着是多么的美好，我们必须四处寻找，以增加生活体验。
4. 离校前就学习新知识，你真聪明。
5. 非常感谢你帮助我解决这个问题，真是太好了。
6. 买那个宝贵的花瓶花了他一些钱。
7. 应该由你决定是否去。
8. 今天该轮到他送孩子们上学了。
9. 抱怨我们的生活是没用的。
10. 打篮球很有趣。
11. 这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！
12. 在这做讲分享我的学习经验是我的荣幸。
13. 学生们很明显应该为自己的未来做好充分的准备。
14. 你在比赛前做足够的运动是有必要的。
15. 据说，人类天生就有说话的能力。
16. 请张小姐在晚会上表演一个节目。
17. 碰巧他不在那儿。
18. 结果，我竟然没有一个真正的朋友。
19. 他突然想到他把钥匙忘在办公室了。
20. 你的输赢并不重要。如果你尽力了，那就没有什么可后悔的了。
21. 这个想法能否付诸实践还有待观察。
22. 不管他是否去都没有什么影响。
参考答案：
1. It is bad manners for the young to take up the seats for the old.
2. The doctor thought it would be good for you to have a holiday.
3. To enjoy just how great it is to be alive, we have to look around to add to life experience.
4. It is wise of you to learn the new knowledge before leaving school.
5. It’s kind of you to help me with the problem.
6. It cost him some money to buy the valuable vase.
7. It’s up to you to decide whether to go or not.
8. It is his turn to take the children to school.
9. It is no use complaining about our life.
10. It is a great fun playing football．
11. It is a pity that such a thing should happen in your class.
12. It is my honor that I can give a speech here sharing my experience of study.
13. It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.
14. It is necessary that you do enough exercises before the race.
15. It is often said that human beings are naturally equipped to speak.
16. It is requested that Miss Zhang (should) give a performance at the party．
17. It happened that he wasn’t there.
18. It turned out that I didn’t even have one of a true friend.
19. It suddenly occurred to him that he had left his keys in the office.
20. It does not really matter whether you win or lose. If you try your best, there is nothing to regret.
21. It remains to be seen whether or not this idea can be put into practice.
22. It makes no difference whether he goes or not.