2022年高考英语二轮复习：虚拟语气学案（含答案）
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| 名称 | 2022年高考英语二轮复习：虚拟语气学案（含答案） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-04-06 18:49:11 | ||
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. 虚拟语气
Ⅰ. 考情分析
虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜测、建议或与事实不符的假想等，是通过谓语动词的特殊形式来构成的。由于其实用性强、易与其它句型结合、创新力度大而倍受命题者的青睐，它主要在单项填空、语法填空和短文改错试题中考查。同时，由于虚拟语气表示说话人的主观态度，故而在听力、阅读理解和完形填空中也会涉及。熟练掌握虚拟语气后，有助于我们了解说话人当时的真实情感，明白其言外之意、弦外之音，从而准确把握命题人的真正意图。此外，若能在书面表达中用上虚拟语气，既可令所提建议更加婉转，又可丰富文章句式，从而为写作增添一道亮丽的风景线。
Ⅱ. 考点回顾
1. 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式，解题关键在于牢记基本结构。
if条件句的谓语动词 主句的谓语动词
对过去的虚拟 had+过去分词 would/should/could/might +have +过去分词
对现在的虚拟 一般过去时(be用were) would/should/could/might +动词原形
对将来的虚拟 (1)一般过去时(be用were) (2)should+动词原形 (3)were to+动词原形 would/should/could/might +动词原形
I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I would have been injured.
[简析]句意：我当时系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带，我就会受伤了。使用虚拟语气，根据if条件句中的hadn’t been wearing可知，主句用would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟，且I和injure是被动关系。
Sorry, I am too busy now. If I had time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.
[简析]根据题干中“I am too busy now”可知，本题考查对现在的虚拟。句意：对不起，现在我很忙。如果我有空，我当然会和你外出的。
Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she were to live there, she wouldn’t be able to see her parents very often.
[简析]本题考查对将来的虚拟。句意：Grace不想搬去New York，因为她认为如果住在哪儿，她将不能常常看望父母。
2. 在表示“坚持、命令、建议、要求”等动词后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用“(should)+动词原形”。这类动词主要有：1坚持insist、3命令command/ direct/ order、4建议advise/propose/recommend/suggest、6要求ask/desire/ demand/request/ require/urge，此外还有prefer(宁愿)等。解题关键在于should可以省略，并且要注意语态。
My mom suggests that we should eat out for a change this weekend. (陕西2013卷·12)
[简析]句意：妈妈建议我们这个周末出去吃饭换换样。
Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam be at the age of six months old.
[简析]句意：眼科医生建议：孩子在六个月时就要进行第一次眼科检查。
3. 在固定句式中考查。解题关键在于牢记基本结构。
(1)It is (high/about/the very) time+that从句。that从句动词要用一般过去式或“should+动词原形”。解题关键在于牢记结构以及should不能省略。
Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he did something instead of just talking. (2012辽宁卷单项填空)
[简析]It’s high time+that从句，意为“该某人做某事的时候了”。that从句谓语动词要用一般过去式或“should+动词原形”。
(2)would rather+从句。
①表示对过去的虚拟，从句动词用“had+过去分词”；
②表示对现在或将来的虚拟，从句动词用一般过去时(be用were)。
We would rather our daughter stayed at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.
[简析]根据but分句中的is可知，本题考查对现在的虚拟。
George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he focused more on its culture.
[简析]根据题干中“George is going to talk about the geography of his country” 可知，本题考查对将来的虚拟。
(3)wish+从句。
①表示对过去的虚拟，从句动词用“had+过去分词”；
②表示对现在的虚拟，从句动词用一般过去时(be用were)；
③表示对将来的虚拟，从句动词用“should/ would/could/might+动词原形”。
I wish I had been at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then. (2015天津卷单项填空)
[简析]根据时间状语last Tuesday可知，本题考查对过去的虚拟。
There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I had a second chance to become more involved. (2018江苏卷单项填空)
[简析]根据第一分句中的is可知，本题考查对现在的虚拟。
(4)as if/as though从句。
①表示对过去的虚拟，从句动词用“had+过去分词”；
②表示对现在的虚拟，从句动词用一般过去时(be用were)；
③表示对将来的虚拟，从句动词用“should/ would/could/might+动词原形”。
Don’t handle the vase as if it were made of steel.
[简析]根据句意“拿花瓶时，不要当它是钢做的一样。”可知，本题考查对现在的虚拟。
He suddenly appeared in class one day, wearing sun glasses. He walked in as if he __17__ (buy) the school. (2012广东卷语法填空)
[简析]had bought。根据句意“他走进来就好像买下了整所学校一样。”可知，本题考查对过去的虚拟。
(5)省略主句的If only结构。
①表示对过去的虚拟，从句动词用“had+过去分词”；
②表示对现在的虚拟，从句动词用一般过去时(be用were)；
(3)表示对将来的虚拟，从句动词用“should/ would/ could/ might+动词原形”。
解题关键在于牢记基本结构。
Look at the trouble I’m in! If only I had followed your advice!
[简析]本题考查与过去事实相反的愿望。
Ⅲ. 真题感悟
一、语法填空
[例1]He walked in as if he __17__ (buy) the school.
[简析]had bought。
二、短文改错
[例1]I was in great pain at that moment, but I tried to act as if nothing has happened until the class was over.
[简析]has →had。
[例2]We would be grateful when you could join us that day.
[简析]when →if。虚拟条件句用if引导。
[例3]What do you think I should do If you are me, would you talk to them
[简析]are →were。根据句意“如果你是我，你会告诉他们吗 ”可知，本题考查对现在的虚拟。
[例4]Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.
[简析]去掉we后的can或can →should。suggest“建议”后接的宾语从句要用虚拟语气：(should)+动词原形。
Ⅰ. 考情分析
虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜测、建议或与事实不符的假想等，是通过谓语动词的特殊形式来构成的。由于其实用性强、易与其它句型结合、创新力度大而倍受命题者的青睐，它主要在单项填空、语法填空和短文改错试题中考查。同时，由于虚拟语气表示说话人的主观态度，故而在听力、阅读理解和完形填空中也会涉及。熟练掌握虚拟语气后，有助于我们了解说话人当时的真实情感，明白其言外之意、弦外之音，从而准确把握命题人的真正意图。此外，若能在书面表达中用上虚拟语气，既可令所提建议更加婉转，又可丰富文章句式，从而为写作增添一道亮丽的风景线。
Ⅱ. 考点回顾
1. 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式，解题关键在于牢记基本结构。
if条件句的谓语动词 主句的谓语动词
对过去的虚拟 had+过去分词 would/should/could/might +have +过去分词
对现在的虚拟 一般过去时(be用were) would/should/could/might +动词原形
对将来的虚拟 (1)一般过去时(be用were) (2)should+动词原形 (3)were to+动词原形 would/should/could/might +动词原形
I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I would have been injured.
[简析]句意：我当时系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带，我就会受伤了。使用虚拟语气，根据if条件句中的hadn’t been wearing可知，主句用would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟，且I和injure是被动关系。
Sorry, I am too busy now. If I had time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.
[简析]根据题干中“I am too busy now”可知，本题考查对现在的虚拟。句意：对不起，现在我很忙。如果我有空，我当然会和你外出的。
Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she were to live there, she wouldn’t be able to see her parents very often.
[简析]本题考查对将来的虚拟。句意：Grace不想搬去New York，因为她认为如果住在哪儿，她将不能常常看望父母。
2. 在表示“坚持、命令、建议、要求”等动词后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用“(should)+动词原形”。这类动词主要有：1坚持insist、3命令command/ direct/ order、4建议advise/propose/recommend/suggest、6要求ask/desire/ demand/request/ require/urge，此外还有prefer(宁愿)等。解题关键在于should可以省略，并且要注意语态。
My mom suggests that we should eat out for a change this weekend. (陕西2013卷·12)
[简析]句意：妈妈建议我们这个周末出去吃饭换换样。
Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam be at the age of six months old.
[简析]句意：眼科医生建议：孩子在六个月时就要进行第一次眼科检查。
3. 在固定句式中考查。解题关键在于牢记基本结构。
(1)It is (high/about/the very) time+that从句。that从句动词要用一般过去式或“should+动词原形”。解题关键在于牢记结构以及should不能省略。
Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he did something instead of just talking. (2012辽宁卷单项填空)
[简析]It’s high time+that从句，意为“该某人做某事的时候了”。that从句谓语动词要用一般过去式或“should+动词原形”。
(2)would rather+从句。
①表示对过去的虚拟，从句动词用“had+过去分词”；
②表示对现在或将来的虚拟，从句动词用一般过去时(be用were)。
We would rather our daughter stayed at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.
[简析]根据but分句中的is可知，本题考查对现在的虚拟。
George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he focused more on its culture.
[简析]根据题干中“George is going to talk about the geography of his country” 可知，本题考查对将来的虚拟。
(3)wish+从句。
①表示对过去的虚拟，从句动词用“had+过去分词”；
②表示对现在的虚拟，从句动词用一般过去时(be用were)；
③表示对将来的虚拟，从句动词用“should/ would/could/might+动词原形”。
I wish I had been at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then. (2015天津卷单项填空)
[简析]根据时间状语last Tuesday可知，本题考查对过去的虚拟。
There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I had a second chance to become more involved. (2018江苏卷单项填空)
[简析]根据第一分句中的is可知，本题考查对现在的虚拟。
(4)as if/as though从句。
①表示对过去的虚拟，从句动词用“had+过去分词”；
②表示对现在的虚拟，从句动词用一般过去时(be用were)；
③表示对将来的虚拟，从句动词用“should/ would/could/might+动词原形”。
Don’t handle the vase as if it were made of steel.
[简析]根据句意“拿花瓶时，不要当它是钢做的一样。”可知，本题考查对现在的虚拟。
He suddenly appeared in class one day, wearing sun glasses. He walked in as if he __17__ (buy) the school. (2012广东卷语法填空)
[简析]had bought。根据句意“他走进来就好像买下了整所学校一样。”可知，本题考查对过去的虚拟。
(5)省略主句的If only结构。
①表示对过去的虚拟，从句动词用“had+过去分词”；
②表示对现在的虚拟，从句动词用一般过去时(be用were)；
(3)表示对将来的虚拟，从句动词用“should/ would/ could/ might+动词原形”。
解题关键在于牢记基本结构。
Look at the trouble I’m in! If only I had followed your advice!
[简析]本题考查与过去事实相反的愿望。
Ⅲ. 真题感悟
一、语法填空
[例1]He walked in as if he __17__ (buy) the school.
[简析]had bought。
二、短文改错
[例1]I was in great pain at that moment, but I tried to act as if nothing has happened until the class was over.
[简析]has →had。
[例2]We would be grateful when you could join us that day.
[简析]when →if。虚拟条件句用if引导。
[例3]What do you think I should do If you are me, would you talk to them
[简析]are →were。根据句意“如果你是我，你会告诉他们吗 ”可知，本题考查对现在的虚拟。
[例4]Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.
[简析]去掉we后的can或can →should。suggest“建议”后接的宾语从句要用虚拟语气：(should)+动词原形。