2022年高考英语二轮复习：介词学案（含答案）
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| 名称 | 2022年高考英语二轮复习：介词学案（含答案） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-04-06 18:52:28 | ||
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. 介词
Ⅰ. 考情分析
高考对介词的考查集中在完形填空、语法填空和短文改错题型，涉及到介词的增减、基本用法以及固定搭配或习惯用法，常与冠词联合考查。在备考时，考生应掌握介词的基本用法、常用介词短语的含义以及与动词、形容词的搭配。
Ⅱ. 考点回顾
1. 介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等)构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。介词分为5类：
(1)简单介词：about, against, despite, under, until/ till, with
(2)合成介词：inside, into, onto, outside, throughout, upon, within, without
(3)短语介词：along with(together with), apart from, as for(as to), because of(due to/on account of), by means of, in front of, in spite of, in terms of, instead of, next to, on behalf of, out of, rather than, up to, with regard to
(4)双重介词：from behind/above/under, except for, until after
(5)分词介词：according to, considering(given), concerning(regarding/respecting),
including(included), judging from/by, owing to
2. 表示“除……之外”的几组常用介绍比较
(1)besides 除……以外，(还有)。作副词时意思是“而且、此外”。
Besides English, they also study Chinese and history.他们除学英语外还学汉语和历史。
注意： beside 在……的旁边
She is sitting beside her mother. 她正坐在她母亲的旁边。
(2)except除去，除……之外(不再有)。
He goes to play football every day except Sunday. 除星期日以外，他每天都去踢足球。
(3)except for除了……(对句子主题进行细节校正或附加说明)，后接名词、代词。
He was very clever except for carelessness.
(4)except that /what/when… 除了……一点以外。
He has not changed except that he is wearing dark glasses.
(5)but与except：but和except在表示“除了……以外”时可以通用，但应注意：
①前面有不定人词、疑问代词时，多用but。
Nobody but I likes making model ships.
Last evening I did nothing but repair my farm tools. 昨天晚上我除了修理农具外，没有做其他的事情。
②后接不定式短语时，多用but。
He has nothing to do but wait. (前有do, 后省to)
③but与一些固定结构连用。
have no choice but to do something只得做某事
can not but do something 不得不做……
can not help but do something不得不做……
but for … 要不是……
(6)apart from: 兼有except for与besides的两种含义，后接名词、代词或动名词。
Apart from the cost, the hat doesn’t suit me.
(7)beyond：除了……以外。多用于否定句或疑问句，后接名词、代词或动名词。
I knew nothing beyond this.
What is it beyond a lie
(8)other than: 除去，除……之外(不再有)，表示“把……不算在内”。 后接名词、代词或动词不定式。
He has nothing to do other than wait. (前有do, 后省to)
Ⅲ. 真题感悟
一、语法填空
[例1] Mr. Fox hopes his new invention will offer a solution ___40___these villages without a local shop.
[简析]to。
[例2] While making great efforts to run away, she(the cow) fell over the hill and died. Then the Johnson tried to make a living ___22___ the cow.
[简析]without。
[例3] But my connection with pandas goes back ___64___ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
[简析]to。go back to“追溯到……”，是固定搭配。
[例4] The mother continued to care for the young panda ___67___ more than two years.
[简析]for。此处for表示时间的长短。
[例5]This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) ___61___ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects.
[简析]as。根据语境“作为一种抵御心脏病的方式”可知， 应填as表示“作为”。
[例6]After school she plans to take a year off to model fulltime before going to university to get a degree ___68___ engineering or architecture.
[简析]in。根据语境“在工程或建筑方面获得学位”可知， 应填in表示在某方面。
[例7]If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home ___65___ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her.
[简析]for。根据语境“去你妈妈家吃饭”可知， 应填for表示目的。
[例8]I was searching ___67___ these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing.
[简析]for。search for“搜寻”，是固定搭配。
[例9] The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist __70__ earth, Mother Nature.
[简析] on。on earth“世上”是习惯表达。
[例10] Museums must compete __45__ people’s spare time and money with other amusements. (2020新高考山东卷)
[简析] for。compete for“为了……竞争”是固定搭配。
二、短文改错
[例1] Suddenly we caught sight at a car and some men.
[简析]at →of。
[例2] When I have free time I go a long walk.
[简析]go∧→for。
[例3] We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves.
[简析]instead∧ →of。
[例4] Thanks very much on inviting me to your birthday party on Sunday.
[简析]on →for。
[例5]…but we do not seem to get much time to talk about together.
[简析]删除about。不及物动词后不接宾语时误加介词。talk about意为“谈论……”，后要跟名词或代词作宾语，而together是副词。
[例6] For instance, on one night, he played strong and loud music till four o’clock in the morning.
[简析]删除on。时间名词前被all, every, last, next, one, that, this等修饰时，前面一般不用介词。
[例7] I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.
[简析]删除at。the moment意为“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句，前面不用介词at。
[例8]His parents asked him to spend in more time preparing for the college entrance examination.
[简析]删除in。及物动词后由于受中文的影响而误加介词
[例9]Her strength made me stronger and gave to me courage to try things others thought were impossible.
[简析]删除to。及物动词后由于受中文的影响而误加介词。
[例10] It is in the downtown area, so it is easy to go to anywhere from the hotel by public transport.
[简析]删除go后的to。地点副词anywhere前面不用介词。副词many times, today, here, there, home, abroad等前面一般不用介词。
[例11] But I have spent most my money, so I cannot even go out of town.
[简析]∧my →of。
[例12] The answer lies on the population explosion.
[简析]on →in。
[例13] In a particular afternoon my mother brought the drink in.
[简析]In→On。
[例14] I was so encouraged that I ran faster and faster till I caught up all the other runners.
[简析]up∧→with。
[例15] In this way, we can get along to each other happily and peacefully.
[简析]to—with。
[例16] One rainy day while I was walking home with one of my friends, a truck came to a stop besides us.
[简析]besides→beside。
[例17] Tom was having much trouble getting up in the morning and was always late with work.
[简析]with→for。
[例18] Before waiting for about half an hour, I was beginning to get impatient.
[简析]Before→After。
[例19] My soccer coach retired in last week.
[简析]删除in。时间名词week前被last修饰时，前面不用介词。
[例20] Dad cleaned the house, and then went on shopping.
[简析]删除on。go shopping为固定搭配，意为“去购物”。
Ⅰ. 考情分析
高考对介词的考查集中在完形填空、语法填空和短文改错题型，涉及到介词的增减、基本用法以及固定搭配或习惯用法，常与冠词联合考查。在备考时，考生应掌握介词的基本用法、常用介词短语的含义以及与动词、形容词的搭配。
Ⅱ. 考点回顾
1. 介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等)构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。介词分为5类：
(1)简单介词：about, against, despite, under, until/ till, with
(2)合成介词：inside, into, onto, outside, throughout, upon, within, without
(3)短语介词：along with(together with), apart from, as for(as to), because of(due to/on account of), by means of, in front of, in spite of, in terms of, instead of, next to, on behalf of, out of, rather than, up to, with regard to
(4)双重介词：from behind/above/under, except for, until after
(5)分词介词：according to, considering(given), concerning(regarding/respecting),
including(included), judging from/by, owing to
2. 表示“除……之外”的几组常用介绍比较
(1)besides 除……以外，(还有)。作副词时意思是“而且、此外”。
Besides English, they also study Chinese and history.他们除学英语外还学汉语和历史。
注意： beside 在……的旁边
She is sitting beside her mother. 她正坐在她母亲的旁边。
(2)except除去，除……之外(不再有)。
He goes to play football every day except Sunday. 除星期日以外，他每天都去踢足球。
(3)except for除了……(对句子主题进行细节校正或附加说明)，后接名词、代词。
He was very clever except for carelessness.
(4)except that /what/when… 除了……一点以外。
He has not changed except that he is wearing dark glasses.
(5)but与except：but和except在表示“除了……以外”时可以通用，但应注意：
①前面有不定人词、疑问代词时，多用but。
Nobody but I likes making model ships.
Last evening I did nothing but repair my farm tools. 昨天晚上我除了修理农具外，没有做其他的事情。
②后接不定式短语时，多用but。
He has nothing to do but wait. (前有do, 后省to)
③but与一些固定结构连用。
have no choice but to do something只得做某事
can not but do something 不得不做……
can not help but do something不得不做……
but for … 要不是……
(6)apart from: 兼有except for与besides的两种含义，后接名词、代词或动名词。
Apart from the cost, the hat doesn’t suit me.
(7)beyond：除了……以外。多用于否定句或疑问句，后接名词、代词或动名词。
I knew nothing beyond this.
What is it beyond a lie
(8)other than: 除去，除……之外(不再有)，表示“把……不算在内”。 后接名词、代词或动词不定式。
He has nothing to do other than wait. (前有do, 后省to)
Ⅲ. 真题感悟
一、语法填空
[例1] Mr. Fox hopes his new invention will offer a solution ___40___these villages without a local shop.
[简析]to。
[例2] While making great efforts to run away, she(the cow) fell over the hill and died. Then the Johnson tried to make a living ___22___ the cow.
[简析]without。
[例3] But my connection with pandas goes back ___64___ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
[简析]to。go back to“追溯到……”，是固定搭配。
[例4] The mother continued to care for the young panda ___67___ more than two years.
[简析]for。此处for表示时间的长短。
[例5]This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) ___61___ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects.
[简析]as。根据语境“作为一种抵御心脏病的方式”可知， 应填as表示“作为”。
[例6]After school she plans to take a year off to model fulltime before going to university to get a degree ___68___ engineering or architecture.
[简析]in。根据语境“在工程或建筑方面获得学位”可知， 应填in表示在某方面。
[例7]If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home ___65___ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her.
[简析]for。根据语境“去你妈妈家吃饭”可知， 应填for表示目的。
[例8]I was searching ___67___ these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing.
[简析]for。search for“搜寻”，是固定搭配。
[例9] The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist __70__ earth, Mother Nature.
[简析] on。on earth“世上”是习惯表达。
[例10] Museums must compete __45__ people’s spare time and money with other amusements. (2020新高考山东卷)
[简析] for。compete for“为了……竞争”是固定搭配。
二、短文改错
[例1] Suddenly we caught sight at a car and some men.
[简析]at →of。
[例2] When I have free time I go a long walk.
[简析]go∧→for。
[例3] We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves.
[简析]instead∧ →of。
[例4] Thanks very much on inviting me to your birthday party on Sunday.
[简析]on →for。
[例5]…but we do not seem to get much time to talk about together.
[简析]删除about。不及物动词后不接宾语时误加介词。talk about意为“谈论……”，后要跟名词或代词作宾语，而together是副词。
[例6] For instance, on one night, he played strong and loud music till four o’clock in the morning.
[简析]删除on。时间名词前被all, every, last, next, one, that, this等修饰时，前面一般不用介词。
[例7] I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.
[简析]删除at。the moment意为“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句，前面不用介词at。
[例8]His parents asked him to spend in more time preparing for the college entrance examination.
[简析]删除in。及物动词后由于受中文的影响而误加介词
[例9]Her strength made me stronger and gave to me courage to try things others thought were impossible.
[简析]删除to。及物动词后由于受中文的影响而误加介词。
[例10] It is in the downtown area, so it is easy to go to anywhere from the hotel by public transport.
[简析]删除go后的to。地点副词anywhere前面不用介词。副词many times, today, here, there, home, abroad等前面一般不用介词。
[例11] But I have spent most my money, so I cannot even go out of town.
[简析]∧my →of。
[例12] The answer lies on the population explosion.
[简析]on →in。
[例13] In a particular afternoon my mother brought the drink in.
[简析]In→On。
[例14] I was so encouraged that I ran faster and faster till I caught up all the other runners.
[简析]up∧→with。
[例15] In this way, we can get along to each other happily and peacefully.
[简析]to—with。
[例16] One rainy day while I was walking home with one of my friends, a truck came to a stop besides us.
[简析]besides→beside。
[例17] Tom was having much trouble getting up in the morning and was always late with work.
[简析]with→for。
[例18] Before waiting for about half an hour, I was beginning to get impatient.
[简析]Before→After。
[例19] My soccer coach retired in last week.
[简析]删除in。时间名词week前被last修饰时，前面不用介词。
[例20] Dad cleaned the house, and then went on shopping.
[简析]删除on。go shopping为固定搭配，意为“去购物”。