Writing about a comedian
Ⅰ.阅读理解
We have seen that humour and laughter positively influence our body in many ways, but little research has been done on whether a better sense of humour actually helps keep you from getting sick.However, since people with a better sense of humour have higher IgA levels, and since research has shown that those with higher levels of salivary (唾液的) IgA are less likely to get colds or be infected with Streptococcus (链球菌), humour should reduce the frequency of colds.
The only study to directly examine this question found that the impact of one's sense of humour upon colds depends on the kind of sense of humour you have.It was only individuals whose sense of humour took the form of seeking out and appreciating humour who had fewer and less severe colds/flu than their low humour counterparts.Surprisingly, those whose sense of humour took the form of initiating humour more often did not have fewer or less severe colds/flu.The researchers argued that being a person who likes to tell jokes or otherwise initiate humour takes them into more frequent contact with other people，which serves to expose them to infectious agents more often, robbing them of the advantage that a more active sense of humour otherwise offers.Obviously, more research is required to clear up this confusing picture.
The importance of active use of one's sense of humour in producing humour's health benefits was confirmed in another study in an unusual way.It found that among a group of mothers with newborn infants，those who actively used humour to cope with the stress in their lives had fewer upper respiratory infections and their infants also had fewer infections.This seemed to be because these mothers had higher levels of immunoglobulin A (免疫球蛋白A) in their breast milk.
Among adults, if we look at bodily symptoms alone，independent of any diagnosed illness, there is some evidence that individuals who have more negative reactions to humour report more bodily symptoms and complaints.Students complaining of cardiovascular(心血管的) symptoms and gastroenterological (肠胃病的) symptoms also have been shown to have this more negative reaction to humour.
1．What does the passage mainly talk about
A．People with a good sense of humour get sick less often.
B．humour can reduce the frequency of colds/flu.
C．Any form of humour can prevent people from getting sick.
D．humour can treat illness.
2．According to the passage, IgA is .
A．a medicine B．an enzyme
C．a factor D．a measure
3．Why do newborn infants whose mothers use humour to deal with stress have fewer infections
A．Because they don't often get upper respiratory infections.
B．Because they are stronger since they were born.
C．Possibly because of the higher levels of immunoglobulin A in their mothers' breast milk.
D．Because their mothers take better care of them.
4．Students with some bad bodily symptoms show towards humour.
A．a positive attitude B．a negative attitude
C．a neutral attitude D．an unclear attitude
Ⅱ.完形填空
Years ago, when I was working as a psychologist at a children's institution in England, a boy showed up in the waiting room.It was David.
David's face was pale, and he stared at his feet 1 .He had lost his father as a baby and when David turned 13, his mother was killed in a car accident.He was very depressed,
2 to talk to others.
The first two times we met, David didn't say a word.As he was about to leave after the second visit, I put my hand on his shoulder.He didn't shrink back, 3 he didn't look at me either.
“Come back next week，” I 4 a bit.Then I said, “I know it hurts.”
He came, and I 5 we play a game of chess.He nodded.After that we played chess every Wednesday afternoon in complete 6 and without making any eye 7 .It's not easy to cheat in chess, but I admit that I made sure David 8 once or twice.
It seemed as if he enjoyed my 9 ， though he never looked at me.Perhaps he 10 that I respected his suffering.Until some months later, suddenly, he looked up at me, “It's your
11 ，” he said.After that day, David started 12 .Since then he really started to live his own life.
Maybe I gave David 13 .And David showed me how one — without any words — can 14 out to another person.All it takes is a hug, a 15 to cry on, a friendly touch, a sympathetic nature and an ear that listens.
1．A.happily B．friendly
C．nervously D．excitedly
2．A.willing B．waiting
C．refusing D．longing
3．A.but B．because
C．or D．unless
4．A.hesitated B．cheered
C．relaxed D．regretted
5．A.announced B．expected
C．suggested D．ordered
6．A.equality B．silence
C．liberty D．independence
7．A.exercise B．move
C．rest D．contact
8．A.confused B．challenged
C．won D．fought
9．A.company B．request
C．talent D．chess
10．A.heard B．witnessed
C．forgot D．sensed
11．A.duty B．achievement
C．turn D．luck
12．A.talking B．living
C．listening D．growing
13．A.anything B．something
C．nothing D．everything
14．A.jump B．reach
C．pick D．look
15．A.sofa B．topic
C．reason D．shoulder
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The first week of my summer vacation was exciting, and my sense of freedom was so intense that it felt like I had to pack everything into that single week.The next week was a little calmer.But by the third week my two best friends had left for summer camp and my activities wound down into boredom.Getting up later each morning, I was spending more and more time with my cellphone and in front of the TV.That was when Mom reacted, declaring my phone and the TV off limits between 6: 00 in the morning and 6：00 in the evening.It was shocking just to hear her say it.
In that first hour I felt I'd lost my senses of sight and hearing.The silence was numbing.I circled the house, going from room to room looking for something to do, asking myself what I can do What can I do What can I do When I encountered Mom in the kitchen, I asked her, too, “What can I do？”
“That's up to you，” she said without looking in my direction.Through the day I posed my question to her several more times, getting much the same result.Then late in the afternoon, while she was working at her computer, I dared to ask again.Instantly she swung around to look at me, and I could see that my question had a definite effect on her expression.She looked as though she had been shocked.Her jaws clenched, like she was holding her words between her teeth as they struggled to get out.She looked at me straight in the eye, then smiled and said，“Well, are you up for a challenge？”
“Sure, what？”
“Your challenge is to follow the same ant for ten minutes.”
“What is so tough about that？”
She smiled again.“You might be surprised.”
Some time later Mom stood beside me, timer (计时器) in hand.“I'll set the timer for ten minutes when you find your winning ant.”
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Some of the ants I saw seemed to be eating something.
I heard Mom's timer ring and then“You win, sweetie，” she said.
PAGE
6Writing about a comedian
Ⅰ.阅读理解
We have seen that humour and laughter positively influence our body in many ways, but little research has been done on whether a better sense of humour actually helps keep you from getting sick.However, since people with a better sense of humour have higher IgA levels, and since research has shown that those with higher levels of salivary (唾液的) IgA are less likely to get colds or be infected with Streptococcus (链球菌), humour should reduce the frequency of colds.
The only study to directly examine this question found that the impact of one's sense of humour upon colds depends on the kind of sense of humour you have.It was only individuals whose sense of humour took the form of seeking out and appreciating humour who had fewer and less severe colds/flu than their low humour counterparts.Surprisingly, those whose sense of humour took the form of initiating humour more often did not have fewer or less severe colds/flu.The researchers argued that being a person who likes to tell jokes or otherwise initiate humour takes them into more frequent contact with other people，which serves to expose them to infectious agents more often, robbing them of the advantage that a more active sense of humour otherwise offers.Obviously, more research is required to clear up this confusing picture.
The importance of active use of one's sense of humour in producing humour's health benefits was confirmed in another study in an unusual way.It found that among a group of mothers with newborn infants，those who actively used humour to cope with the stress in their lives had fewer upper respiratory infections and their infants also had fewer infections.This seemed to be because these mothers had higher levels of immunoglobulin A (免疫球蛋白A) in their breast milk.
Among adults, if we look at bodily symptoms alone，independent of any diagnosed illness, there is some evidence that individuals who have more negative reactions to humour report more bodily symptoms and complaints.Students complaining of cardiovascular(心血管的) symptoms and gastroenterological (肠胃病的) symptoms also have been shown to have this more negative reaction to humour.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了良好的幽默感能够使人减少得病的几率。
1．What does the passage mainly talk about
A．People with a good sense of humour get sick less often.
B．humour can reduce the frequency of colds/flu.
C．Any form of humour can prevent people from getting sick.
D．humour can treat illness.
解析：选A 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了良好的幽默感能够使人减少得病的几率。
2．According to the passage, IgA is .
A．a medicine B．an enzyme
C．a factor D．a measure
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第一段第二句可知，唾液中的IgA含量高就会使人少生病，由此推断IgA应是一种可以抵抗疾病的酶。
3．Why do newborn infants whose mothers use humour to deal with stress have fewer infections
A．Because they don't often get upper respiratory infections.
B．Because they are stronger since they were born.
C．Possibly because of the higher levels of immunoglobulin A in their mothers' breast milk.
D．Because their mothers take better care of them.
解析：选C 细节理解题。第三段最后一句This seemed to be because these mothers had higher levels of immunoglobulin A (免疫球蛋白A) in their breast milk. 说明了原因。
4．Students with some bad bodily symptoms show towards humour.
A．a positive attitude B．a negative attitude
C．a neutral attitude D．an unclear attitude
解析：选B 细节理解题。文章最后一段告诉我们对待幽默的消极反应会体现在身体上，比如说，胃肠不适等。因此有不好的身体症状的学生对待幽默的态度是消极的。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Years ago, when I was working as a psychologist at a children's institution in England, a boy showed up in the waiting room.It was David.
David's face was pale, and he stared at his feet 1 .He had lost his father as a baby and when David turned 13, his mother was killed in a car accident.He was very depressed,
2 to talk to others.
The first two times we met, David didn't say a word.As he was about to leave after the second visit, I put my hand on his shoulder.He didn't shrink back, 3 he didn't look at me either.
“Come back next week，” I 4 a bit.Then I said, “I know it hurts.”
He came, and I 5 we play a game of chess.He nodded.After that we played chess every Wednesday afternoon in complete 6 and without making any eye 7 .It's not easy to cheat in chess, but I admit that I made sure David 8 once or twice.
It seemed as if he enjoyed my 9 ， though he never looked at me.Perhaps he 10 that I respected his suffering.Until some months later, suddenly, he looked up at me, “It's your
11 ，” he said.After that day, David started 12 .Since then he really started to live his own life.
Maybe I gave David 13 .And David showed me how one — without any words — can 14 out to another person.All it takes is a hug, a 15 to cry on, a friendly touch, a sympathetic nature and an ear that listens.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者许多年前是一位心理医生，他碰到了失去父母的大卫。大卫拒绝跟任何人讲话。大卫第三次来找作者的时候作者提议他们一起下象棋，于是以后的每周三下午他们两个都会在沉默中一起下象棋。终于有一天，大卫开口说话了，从此以后大卫开启了新的生活。作者也从这次经历中学到了很多。
1．A.happily B．friendly
C．nervously D．excitedly
解析：选C 根据前文David's face was pale可知，大卫脸色苍白，这说明他很紧张。
2．A.willing B．waiting
C．refusing D．longing
解析：选C 根据后文The first two times we met, David didn't say a word.可知，头两次见面时大卫一句话也没说，这说明他拒绝说话。
3．A.but B．because
C．or D．unless
解析：选A 根据前文He didn't shrink back可知，他没有退缩；根据后文he didn't look at me either可知，他也没有看我一眼。由此判断前后文为转折关系。
4．A.hesitated B．cheered
C．relaxed D．regretted
解析：选A 根据后文Then I said, “I know it hurts.”可知，我对大卫说“我知道这令人难过”，再结合前文可知，大卫失去了父母，不愿意说话，我这么说可能会触及他的伤心处，所以犹豫了一下。
5．A.announced B．expected
C．suggested D．ordered
解析：选C 根据后文He nodded.可知，他点头说明下象棋是我提出来的，大卫点头是同意了我的建议。
6．A.equality B．silence
C．liberty D．independence
解析：选B 根据后文Until some months later, suddenly, he looked up at me, “It's your 11 ，” he said.After that day, David started 12 .可知，大卫在几个月之后才开口说话，这说明在这之前他都没和我说话，我们是在沉默中下象棋的，故选B项。最后一段中的without any words亦是提示。
7．A.exercise B．move
C．rest D．contact
解析：选D 根据后文的though he never looked at me可知，下象棋时大卫从不看我，这说明下象棋时我和他没有眼神上的接触交流。
8．A.confused B．challenged
C．won D．fought
解析：选C 根据It's not easy to cheat in chess可知，下棋时作弊并不容易，这说明我下棋时作弊了，结合语境可知，作为大人我的棋艺肯定好一些，所以我作弊应该是为了让大卫赢得象棋比赛。
9．A.company B．request
C．talent D．chess
解析：选A 我和大卫一起下象棋对于大卫来说是一种陪伴。
10．A.heard B．witnessed
C．forgot D．sensed
解析：选D 根据前文It seemed as if he enjoyed my 9 ， though he never looked at me.可知，大卫很喜欢和我在一起，原因有可能就是大卫感觉到了我尊重他的苦楚。
11．A.duty B．achievement
C．turn D．luck
解析：选C 结合语境可知，下象棋是要轮流落棋子的，所以大卫对我说“轮到你了”。
12．A.talking B．living
C．listening D．growing
解析：选A 根据前文“It's your 11 ，” he said 可知，大卫开口说话了，所以那天之后，他开始说话了。
13．A.anything B．something
C．nothing D．everything
解析：选B 结合语境可知，这里要表达的是也许我给过大卫某种东西。
14．A.jump B．reach
C．pick D．look
解析：选B 结合语境可知，我通过下象棋而不是谈话帮助了大卫。reach out to sb.为固定搭配，意为“对……伸出援手”，符合语境。
15．A.sofa B．topic
C．reason D．shoulder
解析：选D 一个拥抱，一次友好的抚摸，一种同情的本性以及一个聆听的耳朵都是跟人有关，以此类推，哭泣时可以依靠的应该是人的肩膀。
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The first week of my summer vacation was exciting, and my sense of freedom was so intense that it felt like I had to pack everything into that single week.The next week was a little calmer.But by the third week my two best friends had left for summer camp and my activities wound down into boredom.Getting up later each morning, I was spending more and more time with my cellphone and in front of the TV.That was when Mom reacted, declaring my phone and the TV off limits between 6: 00 in the morning and 6：00 in the evening.It was shocking just to hear her say it.
In that first hour I felt I'd lost my senses of sight and hearing.The silence was numbing.I circled the house, going from room to room looking for something to do, asking myself what I can do What can I do What can I do When I encountered Mom in the kitchen, I asked her, too, “What can I do？”
“That's up to you，” she said without looking in my direction.Through the day I posed my question to her several more times, getting much the same result.Then late in the afternoon, while she was working at her computer, I dared to ask again.Instantly she swung around to look at me, and I could see that my question had a definite effect on her expression.She looked as though she had been shocked.Her jaws clenched, like she was holding her words between her teeth as they struggled to get out.She looked at me straight in the eye, then smiled and said，“Well, are you up for a challenge？”
“Sure, what？”
“Your challenge is to follow the same ant for ten minutes.”
“What is so tough about that？”
She smiled again.“You might be surprised.”
Some time later Mom stood beside me, timer (计时器) in hand.“I'll set the timer for ten minutes when you find your winning ant.”
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Some of the ants I saw seemed to be eating something.
I heard Mom's timer ring and then“You win, sweetie，” she said.
参考范文：
Some of the ants I saw seemed to be eating something.Those ants blew away the boredom hovering over my head.An ant, which seemed to drop out, caught my eye, so I made it my target to follow.Much to my astonishment, after spotting the bread crumbs scattered on the floor, it crawled off the scene at speed and went into a small hole.All of a sudden a forest of ants appeared in the blink of an eye and marched in a line towards where the inviting crumbs lay in wait.
I heard Mom's timer ring and then “You win, sweetie，” she said.I was surprised that ten minutes passed so quickly that I didn't even notice it.Only then did it dawn on me that this summer, even without cell phone and TV, was still full of amusement because nature was always a treasure awaiting me to go on an exploration.Fortunately, I still had a few weeks left to enjoy it.
PAGE
6Developing ideas
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
There exist cruel wars, fighting and sadness in the world today, so it's not only necessary, but also essential to have a good sense of humour just to help us go through difficult times in our lives.Putting a smile on someone's face when you know they are feeling depressed makes them feel good and warms their heart.
How would you feel if you could not joke around with your wife, husband, child, co worker, neighbor, close friend, or even just someone that you are standing in line with at the corner store I am always saying things that make others smile or laugh, even if I don't know the person I'm joking around with.My grandma always found humour in everything she did, even if it was the hardest job anyone could imagine.This not only relieves stress in any situation, but also is a common manner to speak to others that are around you.
I know of a few people that don't have a funny bone in their bodies, as they say.Everyone around them could be rolling on the floor after hearing a great joke and they would sit there without the slightest smile on their faces.They don't get the joke that makes others laugh.I am busting a gut while they just sit there, looking at me as if I were from outer space.How can people not get a really funny joke
Laughing is essential to keep our stress levels under control.Without humour, we would find ourselves with a lot of psychological problems, or on a lot of medication to keep ourselves from going crazy.There is too much sadness, which will bring little light into our lives.
Therefore, I believe our best medicine is to get together, tell some jokes and have some fun laughing together.
1．The author answers the question in the second paragraph with .
A．facts and descriptions
B．evidence and the argument
C．examples and the conclusion
D．stories and persuasion
2．The underlined phrase “busting a gut” in the third paragraph can be replaced by “ ”．
A．keeping silent B．speaking loud
C．laughing hard D．explaining carefully
3．According to the passage, laughing is necessary and essential because .
A．it can lift people's spirits
B．it can help people get on well with others
C．it can help get rid of the cruelty in the world
D．it makes people more confident
4．In writing the passage, the author mainly intends to .
A．talk about his own understanding of humour
B．encourage people to be humorous in daily life
C．introduce a practical way to get through daily life
D．convince people of the power of being optimistic about life
B
A sense of humour is something highly valued.A person who has a great sense of humour is often considered to be happy and socially confident.However, humour is a double edged sword.Sometimes it can damage self respect and annoy others.
People who use bonding humour tell jokes and generally lighten the mood.They're thought to be good at reducing the tension in uncomfortable situations.They often make fun of their common experiences, and sometimes they may even laugh off their own misfortunes.The basic message they deliver is：We're all alike, we find the same things funny, and we're all in this together.
Put down humour, on the other hand, is an aggressive type of humour used to criticize others through teasing.When it's aimed against politicians, as it often is, it's extremely funny and mostly harmless.But in the real world, it may have a harmful effect.An example of such humour is telling friends an embarrassing story about another friend.When challenged about their teasing, the put down jokers might claim that they are “just kidding”， thus allowing themselves to avoid responsibility.This type of humour, though considered by some people to be socially acceptable, may hurt the feelings of the one being teased and thus have a bad effect on personal relationships.
Finally, in hate me humour, the joker is the target of the joke for the amusement of others.This type of humour was used by comedians John Belushi and Chris Farley—both of whom suffered for their success in show business.A small amount of such humour is charming, but routinely offering oneself up to be embarrassed destroys one's self esteem, and fosters depression and anxiety.
So it seems that being funny isn't necessarily an indicator of good social skills and well being.In certain cases, it may actually have a negative effect on interpersonal relationships.
5．What does the underlined sentence “humour is a double edged sword” mean
A．Humour is a tool to do two things.
B．Humour has its own advantages and disadvantages.
C．Humour is like a sword with two edges.
D．Humour is double as meaningful as a sword.
6．In bonding humour, people create a relaxing atmosphere by .
A．teasing experiences of their friends
B．showing their personal relationships
C．joking about experiences they share
D．laughing at other's misfortunes
7．Which of the following is among the common targets of put down humour
A．Comedians. B．Jokers.
C．Actors. D．Politicians.
8．In the passage, the author mainly conveys .
A．humour has its bright side and dark side
B．humour can be classified into three kinds
C．humour deserves to be studied
D．humour is highly valued
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
A sense of humour can be a person's greatest advantage.This skill can help you communicate easily with others and improve your health.And even help deal with difficult situations. 1
Identify the benefits of humour.
A sense of humour allows you to find humour in both positive and negative situations.
2 Besides, it can increase your coping abilities and self esteem.
3
Being funny means being able to express humour.However, having a sense of humour means having the ability to let go and not take everything so seriously, and being able to laugh at life's difficulty.
Watch and learn.
You don't have to be funny to have a sense of humour, or be the one telling all the jokes.If you're not sure how to laugh or have a sense of humour about things, watch other people. 4 True humour is genuine and reflects your personality.
Accept yourself.
If you want to have a sense of humour, you should accept yourself. 5 Learn to laugh at yourself.Everyone needs to take himself seriously sometimes, but learning to laugh at yourself is a way to self acceptance.No one is perfect, and we all make mistakes.Keep good humour about your life.
A．Have a sense of humour.
B．However, don't just copy their humour.
C．Remember to keep focused on having fun.
D．It can help reduce stress as well as anxiety.
E．Recognize the difference between being funny and having a sense of humour.
F．Therefore, it's necessary for you to have a sense of humour.
G．Having a light hearted attitude to yourself is a good way to keep a sense of humour.
Ⅲ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Tom给你写信，在信中询问你最喜欢的西方喜剧演员，请你给他回信。内容包括：
1．你最喜欢卓别林；
2．你了解的卓别林的情况和令你印象深刻的卓别林的作品；
3．你的感悟。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
PAGE
6Developing ideas
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
There exist cruel wars, fighting and sadness in the world today, so it's not only necessary, but also essential to have a good sense of humour just to help us go through difficult times in our lives.Putting a smile on someone's face when you know they are feeling depressed makes them feel good and warms their heart.
How would you feel if you could not joke around with your wife, husband, child, co worker, neighbor, close friend, or even just someone that you are standing in line with at the corner store I am always saying things that make others smile or laugh, even if I don't know the person I'm joking around with.My grandma always found humour in everything she did, even if it was the hardest job anyone could imagine.This not only relieves stress in any situation, but also is a common manner to speak to others that are around you.
I know of a few people that don't have a funny bone in their bodies, as they say.Everyone around them could be rolling on the floor after hearing a great joke and they would sit there without the slightest smile on their faces.They don't get the joke that makes others laugh.I am busting a gut while they just sit there, looking at me as if I were from outer space.How can people not get a really funny joke
Laughing is essential to keep our stress levels under control.Without humour, we would find ourselves with a lot of psychological problems, or on a lot of medication to keep ourselves from going crazy.There is too much sadness, which will bring little light into our lives.
Therefore, I believe our best medicine is to get together, tell some jokes and have some fun laughing together.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了幽默感的重要性。我们不仅仅需要而且更有必要有幽默感，以帮助我们度过困难时期。
1．The author answers the question in the second paragraph with .
A．facts and descriptions
B．evidence and the argument
C．examples and the conclusion
D．stories and persuasion
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，作者提出问题后，先举了自己经常和周围的人开玩笑，他祖母也总是寻找幽默的例子，而后表示他认为这不仅可以缓解任何情况下的压力，而且也是与周围的人交谈的一种常见方式。故作者在第二段中运用了举例和总结的方式。
2．The underlined phrase “busting a gut” in the third paragraph can be replaced by “ ”．
A．keeping silent B．speaking loud
C．laughing hard D．explaining carefully
解析：选C 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的Everyone around them could be ...smile on their faces.可知，有些人不能理解让人发笑的笑话，当别人听到一个很好笑的笑话时，可能会笑得在地上打滚，而他们却只是坐在那里，脸上没有一点笑容。画线词所在句与本句表达意思相似，表示作者能理解笑话，并大笑起来，而他们却只是坐在那里，向看外星人一样看作者。
3．According to the passage, laughing is necessary and essential because .
A．it can lift people's spirits
B．it can help people get on well with others
C．it can help get rid of the cruelty in the world
D．it makes people more confident
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的Laughing is essential to keep our stress levels under control.可知，笑能让我们控制住压力，能使我们精神振奋。
4．In writing the passage, the author mainly intends to .
A．talk about his own understanding of humour
B．encourage people to be humorous in daily life
C．introduce a practical way to get through daily life
D．convince people of the power of being optimistic about life
解析：选B 写作意图题。通读全文尤其是文章最后一段可知，作者相信改善情绪最好的“药物”是大家聚在一起讲一些笑话，一起开怀大笑。
B
A sense of humour is something highly valued.A person who has a great sense of humour is often considered to be happy and socially confident.However, humour is a double edged sword.Sometimes it can damage self respect and annoy others.
People who use bonding humour tell jokes and generally lighten the mood.They're thought to be good at reducing the tension in uncomfortable situations.They often make fun of their common experiences, and sometimes they may even laugh off their own misfortunes.The basic message they deliver is：We're all alike, we find the same things funny, and we're all in this together.
Put down humour, on the other hand, is an aggressive type of humour used to criticize others through teasing.When it's aimed against politicians, as it often is, it's extremely funny and mostly harmless.But in the real world, it may have a harmful effect.An example of such humour is telling friends an embarrassing story about another friend.When challenged about their teasing, the put down jokers might claim that they are “just kidding”， thus allowing themselves to avoid responsibility.This type of humour, though considered by some people to be socially acceptable, may hurt the feelings of the one being teased and thus have a bad effect on personal relationships.
Finally, in hate me humour, the joker is the target of the joke for the amusement of others.This type of humour was used by comedians John Belushi and Chris Farley—both of whom suffered for their success in show business.A small amount of such humour is charming, but routinely offering oneself up to be embarrassed destroys one's self esteem, and fosters depression and anxiety.
So it seems that being funny isn't necessarily an indicator of good social skills and well being.In certain cases, it may actually have a negative effect on interpersonal relationships.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章通过列举三类幽默的表现和特点，告诉我们幽默有令人快乐的方面，有时候也会伤害自尊和影响人际关系。
5．What does the underlined sentence “humour is a double edged sword” mean
A．Humour is a tool to do two things.
B．Humour has its own advantages and disadvantages.
C．Humour is like a sword with two edges.
D．Humour is double as meaningful as a sword.
解析：选B 句意猜测题。根据上文A sense of humour is something highly valued.A person who has a great sense of humour is often considered to be happy and socially confident.可知，幽默感是非常重要的，一个有幽默感的人通常被认为是快乐自信的；再由画线句后的句子可知，有时候，幽默也会伤害自尊，让别人烦恼，因此幽默是一把双刃剑，所以画线句意思是幽默有它自己的优点和缺点。
6．In bonding humour, people create a relaxing atmosphere by .
A．teasing experiences of their friends
B．showing their personal relationships
C．joking about experiences they share
D．laughing at other's misfortunes
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的They often make fun of their common experiences, and sometimes they may even laugh off their own misfortunes.可知，利用bonding humour人们经常嘲笑他们的共同经历。
7．Which of the following is among the common targets of put down humour
A．Comedians. B．Jokers.
C．Actors. D．Politicians.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，这种幽默的目标通常是政治家们。
8．In the passage, the author mainly conveys .
A．humour has its bright side and dark side
B．humour can be classified into three kinds
C．humour deserves to be studied
D．humour is highly valued
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第一段中的A person who has a great sense of humour is often considered to be happy and socially confident.However, humour is a double edged sword.Sometimes it can damage self respect and annoy others.可知，作者在第一段点明文章主旨，说明幽默是一把双刃剑，有优点也有缺点，并在下文用三种幽默方式举例说明。由此可知A项正确。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
A sense of humour can be a person's greatest advantage.This skill can help you communicate easily with others and improve your health.And even help deal with difficult situations. 1
Identify the benefits of humour.
A sense of humour allows you to find humour in both positive and negative situations.
2 Besides, it can increase your coping abilities and self esteem.
3
Being funny means being able to express humour.However, having a sense of humour means having the ability to let go and not take everything so seriously, and being able to laugh at life's difficulty.
Watch and learn.
You don't have to be funny to have a sense of humour, or be the one telling all the jokes.If you're not sure how to laugh or have a sense of humour about things, watch other people. 4 True humour is genuine and reflects your personality.
Accept yourself.
If you want to have a sense of humour, you should accept yourself. 5 Learn to laugh at yourself.Everyone needs to take himself seriously sometimes, but learning to laugh at yourself is a way to self acceptance.No one is perfect, and we all make mistakes.Keep good humour about your life.
A．Have a sense of humour.
B．However, don't just copy their humour.
C．Remember to keep focused on having fun.
D．It can help reduce stress as well as anxiety.
E．Recognize the difference between being funny and having a sense of humour.
F．Therefore, it's necessary for you to have a sense of humour.
G．Having a light hearted attitude to yourself is a good way to keep a sense of humour.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了幽默感的好处以及如何具有幽默感。
1．选F 上文提到“幽默感是一个人最大的优点。这一技能可以帮助你与他人轻松沟通，改善你的健康。甚至帮助处理困难的情况”，故F项(因此，你有必要有幽默感)承接上文，符合语境。
2．选D 根据本段小标题“发现幽默的好处”以及空处下文提到的“此外，它可以提高你的应对能力和自尊”可知，空处也应讲幽默的好处，故D项(它可以帮助减轻压力和焦虑)符合语境。
3．选E 此空是小标题，应该是祈使句，所以在A、C、E项中选择。再根据下文内容“风趣意味着能够表达幽默。然而，拥有幽默感意味着有放手的能力，不把每件事都看得那么严重，并且能够嘲笑生活中的困难”可知，E项(认识到幽默和风趣的区别)符合语境。
4．选B 根据上文提到的“如果你不知道如何笑或对事情有幽默感，看看其他人”，再根据下文提到的“真正的幽默是真诚的，反映了你的个性”可知，B项(然而，不要只是模仿他们的幽默)承接上下文，符合语境。
5．选G 根据上文提到的“如果你想要有幽默感，你应该接受自己”，再根据下文提到的“学会自嘲”可知，G项(对自己有一个轻松的态度是保持幽默感的好方法)承接上下文，符合语境。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Tom给你写信，在信中询问你最喜欢的西方喜剧演员，请你给他回信。内容包括：
1．你最喜欢卓别林；
2．你了解的卓别林的情况和令你印象深刻的卓别林的作品；
3．你的感悟。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Dear Tom，
I'm glad to hear from you.I'm writing to tell you that Charlie Chaplin is my favourite comedian and I'd like to share with you something about him.
Chaplin was born in a poor area of London.At an early age, he was forced to join the mobile troupe, travelling all over the UK.Afterwards he began working in the movie business, and in 1914 in a film he created a tragedy “Charlot”， and this special image is also my favourite film image.It brings both amusement and thinking to the audience.
I like Chaplin especially because of his hard working and perseverant attitude to life and his career.
I'm looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
PAGE
6Using language
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
The British are known for their sense of humour.However, it is often difficult for foreigners to understand their jokes.The main point to remember is that the British often use understatement.
Understatement means saying less than you think or feel.For example, if someone gets very wet in a shower of rain, he might say, “It's a little damp (潮湿的) outside.”Or, if someone is very impolite and shouts at another person, someone else might say, “She isn't exactly friendly.”Understatement is often used in unpleasant situations or to make another person look silly.Understatement plays an important part in British humour.
Another key to understanding British humour is that the British like to make fun of themselves as well as others.They often laugh about the silly and unpleasant things that happen to their everyday life, for example, when someone accidentally falls over in the street.They also like to make jokes about people from different classes of society.They like to make jokes about their accents, the way they dress and the way they behave.What's more, the British love to watch comedies about people who do not know how to behave in society.The comedy series Mr Bean is a good example of this kind of humour.Mr Bean is the character created by British actor Rowan Atkinson in 1990.
Mr Bean doesn't talk often, and instead he uses his body movements and facial expressions to make people laugh.Perhaps what makes Mr Bean so funny is that he does things that adults in the real world cannot do.Mr Bean is popular in many countries around the world because you do not have to speak English to understand the humour.Because of this, many people have become familiar with the British sense of humour.
1．Why is it difficult for foreigners to understand British jokes
A．Because the British often enlarge the fact.
B．Because British jokes are connected with many different cultures.
C．Because the British try to make out that something is less important than it is.
D．Because British jokes are not as funny as jokes in other countries.
2．How does the author explain understatement
A．By using examples.
B．By making comparisons.
C．By following time order.
D．By describing a process.
3．How does Mr Bean make people laugh
A．By telling funny stories.
B．By making jokes about others' accents.
C．By copying how others behave.
D．By using his body movements and facial expressions.
4．What is the best title for the text
A．British Humour in Comedy
B．Humour in Different Cultures
C．Developing Your Sense of Humour
D．Understanding British Humour
B
When we smile, our system recognizes that there's an absence of threat, and relaxes：it slows down our heart rate, and may reduce blood pressure for a short time, too, promoting overall heart health.Even forcing your face into a smile can reduce stress and relax yourself.
Smiling is a language that everyone understands regardless of age, race, culture, language, and nationality.We all know that when you smile at people, even strangers, they almost always smile back, spreading a kind of peace and goodwill.This contagious (富于感染力的) smiling comes from a subconscious tendency to match other people's emotions.It's why people who spend time around children, who smile often, naturally smile more than people who keep mostly adults company.
People who are generous with smiles are considered more likeable and approachable than people who wear a deadpan (故作严肃的) expression.Consider successful salesmen and politicians.Can you imagine how we'd react if they wore sour expressions？People who smile a lot are more likely to gain our trust and earn better tips than someone who provides the same service with a blank face.
In a study, Major League Baseball players from 1952 who wore full face, genuine smiles on their baseball cards lived longer, around 79.9 years, compared to players who only partly smiled or didn't smile at all, who lived 5 to 7 years less.Smiling can make us look younger, too.People who smile frequently seem to age more slowly, appearing around three years younger than their less smiling counterparts.
We now have evidence that we are born to smile.While smiling used to be considered a learned behavior that babies acquired at around six weeks of age, more advanced testing has shown that even babies who are born blind can smile.Babies have been known to make breathing and sucking movements while still in the womb (子宫), and these reactions are thought to prepare themselves for their life outside.Now smiling has joined the list.Say cheese!
5．What can smiling do according to Paragraph 1
A．Remove your life pressure.
B．Improve the condition of your heart.
C．Make your blood pressure steady forever.
D．Prevent you from being absent minded.
6．What should you do if you want to smile more according to the author
A．Stay more with people smiling more.
B．Approach smart children.
C．Care more about others' feelings.
D．Volunteer together with more strangers.
7．What does the author want to show by mentioning salesmen and politicians
A．A false smile may hurt people.
B．Smiles contribute to a career.
C．Generous people tend to smile more.
D．Work pressure stops people smiling.
8．What does the author suggest in the last paragraph
A．Babies smile within 2 months.
B．Blind babies learn to smile.
C．Smiling is a natural ability.
D．Breathing and sucking are similar to smiling.
Ⅱ.完形填空
I like to walk with my dog.On a glorious Saturday 1 ， I enjoyed the beautiful weather, the fresh air and the beautiful scenery while my dog Jett and I were making our rounds.
At one home I passed, I noticed a newspaper that was lying 2 the edge of the street instead of near the doorstep.Thinking I would make someone else's 3 a little easier, I decided to 4 the paper and throw it towards their door.However, my aim was way off and instead of landing on the doorstep, the paper flew in the 5 direction and landed on the roof of a truck behind me.No one saw it but me, and I burst out 6 before I realized what I had done had made the problem worse.
I took a look at my watch and found it was near 5：00 am.It was too 7 to knock on the door and tell the home owner 8 their paper was.As a result, I walked home, got dressed and went to the 9 ， which lies near my home, to make it right.
I 10 a little later with a new newspaper and a basket of fresh strawberries and 11 the home owner who was working on a truck in the driveway with some friends.With a deep breath I 12 and said, “I hope you have a great sense of humour.” Fortunately, they did.After I explained what happened just now, they all laughed loudly and of course it really made me 13 .
I couldn't help but smile all day.I've heard it said，“Character is what you do when no one is looking.” But, in fact, there are too many people who 14 the only thing that's right is to get by, and the only thing that's 15 is to get caught.
1．A.morning B．afternoon
C．evening D．night
2．A.on B．off
C．to D．above
3．A.career B．life
C．duty D．situation
4．A.take away B．put away
C．pick up D．look through
5．A.opposite B．right
C．same D．usual
6．A.crying B．shouting
C．laughing D．complaining
7．A.difficult B．interesting
C．early D．stressful
8．A.why B．when
C．how D．where
9．A.church B．store
C．school D．hospital
10．A.left B．started
C．arrived D．returned
11．A.found B．expected
C．introduced D．informed
12．A.appeared B．recovered
C．exercised D．approached
13．A.shocked B．relaxed
C．embarrassed D．puzzled
14．A.fear B．doubt
C．explain D．think
15．A.amazing B．legal
C．wrong D．worthless
Ⅲ.语法填空
Some people are great at remembering faces.While, there is evidence 1 for some people, remembering a face can be difficult.Even for others, remembering a face may be impossible.Such people have a condition 2 (call) “face blindness”．Its actual name is Developmental Prosopagnosia, or DP 3 short.
Experts say DP can differ greatly from patient to patient.In less severe cases, people are unable to describe the face of someone they have just met.In severe cases, people cannot even recognize 4 (they) own children in a group photo.
Those, 5 have DP, show no clear signs.Take Dacia for example.If you met her, you probably wouldn't know that she suffered brain damage as a child.There would be no sign of it until you meet her 6 second time.She wouldn't remember you at all.Dacia has mostly recovered from her 7 (injure)．But now, she suffers from face blindness.
Once face blindness 8 (think) to be very rare.But recent 9 (study) have shown that it might be more common than experts thought.The study on face blindness will not directly lead to any treatments.However, it could lead to a much 10 (deep) understanding of how we all remember the world around us.
PAGE
7Using language
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
The British are known for their sense of humour.However, it is often difficult for foreigners to understand their jokes.The main point to remember is that the British often use understatement.
Understatement means saying less than you think or feel.For example, if someone gets very wet in a shower of rain, he might say, “It's a little damp (潮湿的) outside.”Or, if someone is very impolite and shouts at another person, someone else might say, “She isn't exactly friendly.”Understatement is often used in unpleasant situations or to make another person look silly.Understatement plays an important part in British humour.
Another key to understanding British humour is that the British like to make fun of themselves as well as others.They often laugh about the silly and unpleasant things that happen to their everyday life, for example, when someone accidentally falls over in the street.They also like to make jokes about people from different classes of society.They like to make jokes about their accents, the way they dress and the way they behave.What's more, the British love to watch comedies about people who do not know how to behave in society.The comedy series Mr Bean is a good example of this kind of humour.Mr Bean is the character created by British actor Rowan Atkinson in 1990.
Mr Bean doesn't talk often, and instead he uses his body movements and facial expressions to make people laugh.Perhaps what makes Mr Bean so funny is that he does things that adults in the real world cannot do.Mr Bean is popular in many countries around the world because you do not have to speak English to understand the humour.Because of this, many people have become familiar with the British sense of humour.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何理解英式幽默。
1．Why is it difficult for foreigners to understand British jokes
A．Because the British often enlarge the fact.
B．Because British jokes are connected with many different cultures.
C．Because the British try to make out that something is less important than it is.
D．Because British jokes are not as funny as jokes in other countries.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的The main point to remember is that the British often use understatement.及第二段中的Understatement means saying less than you think or feel.可知，英国人经常使用低调陈述，低调陈述意味着说的话比你想的或感觉到的要不那么重要，所以外国人很难理解英国笑话是因为英国人总是试图让别人觉得事情没有那么重要。
2．How does the author explain understatement
A．By using examples.
B．By making comparisons.
C．By following time order.
D．By describing a process.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的For example, if someone gets very wet in a shower of rain, he might say, “It's a little damp outside.” Or, if someone is very impolite and shouts at another person, someone else might say, “She isn't exactly friendly.”可知，作者是通过举例来解释低调陈述的。
3．How does Mr Bean make people laugh
A．By telling funny stories.
B．By making jokes about others' accents.
C．By copying how others behave.
D．By using his body movements and facial expressions.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Mr Bean doesn't talk often, and instead he uses his body movements and facial expressions to make people laugh.可知，憨豆先生是通过肢体动作和面部表情使人发笑的。
4．What is the best title for the text
A．British Humour in Comedy
B．Humour in Different Cultures
C．Developing Your Sense of Humour
D．Understanding British Humour
解析：选D 标题归纳题。根据第一段中的However，it is often difficult for foreigners to understand their jokes.The main point to remember is that the British often use understatement.及第三段中的Another key to understanding British humour is that the British like to make fun of themselves as well as others.可知，本文主要介绍了如何理解英式幽默。
B
When we smile, our system recognizes that there's an absence of threat, and relaxes：it slows down our heart rate, and may reduce blood pressure for a short time, too, promoting overall heart health.Even forcing your face into a smile can reduce stress and relax yourself.
Smiling is a language that everyone understands regardless of age, race, culture, language, and nationality.We all know that when you smile at people, even strangers, they almost always smile back, spreading a kind of peace and goodwill.This contagious (富于感染力的) smiling comes from a subconscious tendency to match other people's emotions.It's why people who spend time around children, who smile often, naturally smile more than people who keep mostly adults company.
People who are generous with smiles are considered more likeable and approachable than people who wear a deadpan (故作严肃的) expression.Consider successful salesmen and politicians.Can you imagine how we'd react if they wore sour expressions？People who smile a lot are more likely to gain our trust and earn better tips than someone who provides the same service with a blank face.
In a study, Major League Baseball players from 1952 who wore full face, genuine smiles on their baseball cards lived longer, around 79.9 years, compared to players who only partly smiled or didn't smile at all, who lived 5 to 7 years less.Smiling can make us look younger, too.People who smile frequently seem to age more slowly, appearing around three years younger than their less smiling counterparts.
We now have evidence that we are born to smile.While smiling used to be considered a learned behavior that babies acquired at around six weeks of age, more advanced testing has shown that even babies who are born blind can smile.Babies have been known to make breathing and sucking movements while still in the womb (子宫), and these reactions are thought to prepare themselves for their life outside.Now smiling has joined the list.Say cheese!
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了微笑的作用。微笑可以使人健康，可以使人年轻，可以为人赢得好感，微笑也是人的一种本能。
5．What can smiling do according to Paragraph 1
A．Remove your life pressure.
B．Improve the condition of your heart.
C．Make your blood pressure steady forever.
D．Prevent you from being absent minded.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的it slows down our heart rate, and may reduce blood pressure for a short time, too, promoting overall heart health可知，微笑可以改善心脏的健康状况。
6．What should you do if you want to smile more according to the author
A．Stay more with people smiling more.
B．Approach smart children.
C．Care more about others' feelings.
D．Volunteer together with more strangers.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第二段中的It's why people who spend time around children, who smile often, naturally smile more than people who keep mostly adults company.可推知，如果你想要有更多的笑容，你就要多接触爱笑的人。
7．What does the author want to show by mentioning salesmen and politicians
A．A false smile may hurt people.
B．Smiles contribute to a career.
C．Generous people tend to smile more.
D．Work pressure stops people smiling.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句话可知，作者举例的目的是说明微笑对职业发展有帮助，因为微笑让推销员和政治家取得成功。
8．What does the author suggest in the last paragraph
A．Babies smile within 2 months.
B．Blind babies learn to smile.
C．Smiling is a natural ability.
D．Breathing and sucking are similar to smiling.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者在最后一段中暗示微笑就像呼吸和吮吸一样是婴儿生来就会的，即微笑是一种本能。
Ⅱ.完形填空
I like to walk with my dog.On a glorious Saturday 1 ， I enjoyed the beautiful weather, the fresh air and the beautiful scenery while my dog Jett and I were making our rounds.
At one home I passed, I noticed a newspaper that was lying 2 the edge of the street instead of near the doorstep.Thinking I would make someone else's 3 a little easier, I decided to 4 the paper and throw it towards their door.However, my aim was way off and instead of landing on the doorstep, the paper flew in the 5 direction and landed on the roof of a truck behind me.No one saw it but me, and I burst out 6 before I realized what I had done had made the problem worse.
I took a look at my watch and found it was near 5：00 am.It was too 7 to knock on the door and tell the home owner 8 their paper was.As a result, I walked home, got dressed and went to the 9 ， which lies near my home, to make it right.
I 10 a little later with a new newspaper and a basket of fresh strawberries and 11 the home owner who was working on a truck in the driveway with some friends.With a deep breath I 12 and said, “I hope you have a great sense of humour.” Fortunately, they did.After I explained what happened just now, they all laughed loudly and of course it really made me 13 .
I couldn't help but smile all day.I've heard it said，“Character is what you do when no one is looking.” But, in fact, there are too many people who 14 the only thing that's right is to get by, and the only thing that's 15 is to get caught.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者早晨去散步时发生的一个弄巧成拙的故事。
1．A.morning B．afternoon
C．evening D．night
解析：选A 根据下文I took a look at my watch and found it was near 5：00 am.可知，本文叙述的是一个周六早晨(morning)发生的事。
2．A.on B．off
C．to D．above
解析：选A on the edge of在……边缘。
3．A.career B．life
C．duty D．situation
解析：选B 根据下文内容可知，作者是想帮人把报纸放在门前台阶上，帮人把报纸放在门前台阶处能使别人的生活(life)更轻松。
4．A.take away B．put away
C．pick up D．look through
解析：选C 在throw it towards their door之前，应该是先捡起(pick up)报纸。
5．A.opposite B．right
C．same D．usual
解析：选A 根据下文的landed on the roof of a truck behind me可知，方向是相反的(opposite)。
6．A.crying B．shouting
C．laughing D．complaining
解析：选C 这是一件弄巧成拙的小事情，所以作者忍不住笑了(laughing)。
7．A.difficult B．interesting
C．early D．stressful
解析：选C 根据it was near 5：00 am可知，时间尚早 (early)。
8．A.why B．when
C．how D．where
解析：选D 从句缺少表示地点的状语，故用连接副词where。
9．A.church B．store
C．school D．hospital
解析：选B 根据下文with a new newspaper and a basket of fresh strawberries可知，作者是去商店 (store)。
10．A.left B．started
C．arrived D．returned
解析：选D 根据后面作者找这家的主人解释整件事可知，作者买完报纸后又回去(returned)给主人送新买的报纸。
11．A.found B．expected
C．introduced D．informed
解析：选A 根据后文作者与主人的对话可知，他找到(found)了在干活的主人。
12．A.appeared B．recovered
C．exercised D．approached
解析：选D 根据语境可知，作者是走近(approached)他们并和他们说话。
13．A.shocked B．relaxed
C．embarrassed D．puzzled
解析：选B 一件错事得到了别人的谅解，这使得作者的感觉是放松的(relaxed)。
14．A.fear B．doubt
C．explain D．think
解析：选D 这里是解释上面的Character is what you do when no one is looking.这句话的，所以是一些人认为(think)。
15．A.amazing B．legal
C．wrong D．worthless
解析：选C 本句与the only thing that's right is to get by相对应，wrong与right相对。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Some people are great at remembering faces.While, there is evidence 1 for some people, remembering a face can be difficult.Even for others, remembering a face may be impossible.Such people have a condition 2 (call) “face blindness”．Its actual name is Developmental Prosopagnosia, or DP 3 short.
Experts say DP can differ greatly from patient to patient.In less severe cases, people are unable to describe the face of someone they have just met.In severe cases, people cannot even recognize 4 (they) own children in a group photo.
Those, 5 have DP, show no clear signs.Take Dacia for example.If you met her, you probably wouldn't know that she suffered brain damage as a child.There would be no sign of it until you meet her 6 second time.She wouldn't remember you at all.Dacia has mostly recovered from her 7 (injure)．But now, she suffers from face blindness.
Once face blindness 8 (think) to be very rare.But recent 9 (study) have shown that it might be more common than experts thought.The study on face blindness will not directly lead to any treatments.However, it could lead to a much 10 (deep) understanding of how we all remember the world around us.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了脸盲症的一些情况及相关研究。
1．that 本句含有一个同位语从句，解释了名词evidence“证据”的具体内容，空处在从句中不充当成分，也无意义，故填连接词that。
2．called 分析句子结构可知，前面已经有了谓语动词have，此处动词只能用非谓语动词形式；根据语境可知，此处表示“被称为脸盲症的一种疾病”，空处与其逻辑主语a condition之间存在动宾关系，应用过去分词作定语，故填called。
3．for 根据语境可知，此处表示“简称DP”，应用固定搭配for short。
4．their 根据语境可知，此处表示“在严重的病例中，人们甚至不能从一张集体照中认出他们自己的孩子”，所以用their。
5．who 分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代Those，且指人，应用关系代词who。
6．a 根据语境可知，此处表示“直到你再次遇到她”，应用不定冠词a。a second time再次，又一次。
7．injury 空前是形容词性物主代词her, 应用名词，此处是说她的伤。故填injury。
8．was thought 根据句中的Once可知，此处应用一般过去时，又因空处与主语face blindness之间为被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。
9．studies 根据句子结构可知，此处是主语，且谓语为have，所以study应用复数形式，故填studies。
10．deeper 根据语境和前面的much可知，此处应用deep的比较级，故填deeper。
PAGE
7Starting out & Understanding ideas
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
You probably laugh at something you find funny, but how much do you really know about jokes and humour？Reader's Digest (RD) questioned several experts to give us some facts about them.
RD：What's the oldest joke in the world
“We can't know the oldest joke in the world because it would have existed earlier than writing，”says Christie Davies, professor of sociology at the University of Reading in the UK.The oldest joke book that's been found so far is the Greek Philogelos.It dates from the 19th century AD, although the jokes date from an earlier time.According to the psychologist Steve Wilson, director of National Humour Month (April in the US), it contains 265 jokes.
RD：Do some people fail to develop a sense of humour
Rod Martin, professor of psychology at the Western University in Canada, believes that while everyone is born without a sense of humour, as we develop, humour and laughter begin to appear.“Of course, some children are more serious, quiet and less likely to laugh frequently, but this doesn't mean they don't have a sense of humour.”And according to Steve Wilson, there are no adults who don't have a sense of humour.“Almost everyone is able to develop a sense of humour, and I teach people how，” he says.
RD：Do people share a sense of humour unique to their own nation
Sense of humour does differ a lot by country, according to an author named Scott Weems.British humour is thought to be absurd (荒谬的) in nature, while American humour has an aggressive quality.According to a study, Germans are found to find everything funny.
1．What do we know about the oldest joke book
A．It remains unknown.
B．It was written in Greek.
C．It was found in the UK.
D．It contains the oldest joke.
2．What does Rod Martin agree with about people's sense of humour
A．Nobody is born with a sense of humour.
B．Some adults lose it when they grow up.
C．Childhood is the best time to develop such an ability.
D．Children have a poorer sense of humour than adults.
3．What kind of humour has an aggressive feature
A．British humour. B．German humour.
C．Canadian humour. D．American humour.
4．Where can you probably find the text
A．In a popular magazine. B．In a research paper.
C．In a personal diary. D．In a textbook.
B
We all know that friends are special people whom we share our lives with, and who share their lives with us in return.But seeking friends and keeping the friendship going are never easy.
According to a research recently published in the Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, the key is to use “we talk”．
Led by University of California psychologist Megan Robbins and her colleagues, the researchers reviewed and analyzed 30 different studies involving over 5,000 participants.This largest ever analysis of “we talk” suggested that the frequent use of “we”and “us” is linked to happier and healthier relationships.
The word “we” moves people from an individual position into a partnership, which makes us more interdependent.“The pronouns offer an insight into whether people see themselves as individuals or as part of a whole ... Word use is a window into what people are thinking and feeling without asking them，” Robbins told Science Daily.
Their research also found that “we talk”is helpful in resolving conflicts.“The primary point is that interdependence may bring about supportive and relationship centered behaviors and positive perceptions (看法) of the partner — especially important in times of stress and conflict，” said study author Alexander Karan.
US based magazine Psychology Today used the word “union” to describe the impact on a partner upon hearing “we talk”．
Contrary to “we talk”， there is “I talk”， which refers to the frequent use of first person singular pronouns, such as “I”， “me”， and “mine”， when writing or speaking.
Earlier this year, researchers from the University of Arizona, US, analyzed a set of data that came from 4,700 people in Germany and the US.They found that too much “I talk” is an accurate linguistic marker for the likelihood that someone is feeling stressed or experiencing negative emotions.
“If you are speaking in a personal context — so you're speaking about something that's of relevance to you，” lead researcher Allison Tackman told The Independent.“But if you're communicating in a context that's more impersonal, such as describing a picture, we did not see the relationship emerge.”
As you can see from the two studies, too much “I talk” can make you feel depressed.But “we talk” can encourage you to become more positive and create a ripple effect (连锁反应) of healthy interdependence with others.
So next time you're talking to a friend, try using more “we talk”．You may find yourself feeling more positive — and the effect it will have on your friend will be positive as well.
5．According to Megan Robbins and her colleagues' research, we can infer the following EXCEPT .
A．too much “I talk” certainly indicates pressure or depression
B．more than 5,000 people were involved in their research
C．the more we use “we” and “us”， the happier we may feel
D．“we talk” may help us build better teamwork in our work
6．What can be the benefit of “we talk”？
A．We may avoid arguments and conflicts with it.
B．It may help promote friendship in our life.
C．It can help produce a feeling of individualism.
D．We can become more independent of others.
7．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 8 mean
A．A person tends to use “I talk” too much if he is experienced.
B．“I talk” is an exact linguistic marker for people's feelings.
C．If a person uses “I talk” a lot, he is probably in a bad mood.
D．It is possible that someone likes “I talk” when he is in an impersonal context.
8．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Using “we talk” contributes to building good social relationships.
B．The importance of choosing the word in our daily conversation.
C．Using too much “I talk” may lead you to become upset.
D．Introduction to “we talk” in our daily communication.
C
As the days get shorter and the cold weather rolls in, we all want to curl up in a blanket and sleep until spring rolls around.But making time to get outside in the sun, even when it's cold outside, could have bigger mood benefits than you might realize.New research finds that sunlight exposure is by far the greatest weather related factor determining mental health.In other words, more sunshine, more happiness.
For the study, a psychologist, a physicist and a statistician from BYU teamed up to compare daily environmental data from the university's Physics and Astronomy Weather Station with emotional health data archived by day for 16,452 adult patients who were being treated at the university's Counseling and Psychological Services.Other weather variables (可变因素) including temperature, pollution and rain were not found to have an impact on mental health.
“We were surprised that many of the weather and pollution variables we included in the study were not significantly related to patients' scores once we had accounted for sun time，”said Dr. Mark Beecher, a professor of psychology at the university and the study's lead author.
Exposure to sunlight is a significant factor in seasonal affective disorder.Research has shown that the brain produces more of the feel good neurotransmitter serotonin on sunny days than it does on darker days.What's more, lack of sunlight is linked with lower vitamin D levels, which in turn has been correlated with depression and low energy.
In addition to seeking professional help if you need it, taking a walk in the sun can help.Walking in nature is known to reduce stress, improve cognitive function, lighten the mood and even put the brain into a peaceful state.
9．According to the new research, what can make people happier
A．Less pollution.
B．Fewer rainy days.
C．More cold weather.
D．More exposure to sunlight.
10．The underlined word “archived” in the second paragraph means “ ”．
A．composed B．discussed
C．recorded D．adjusted
11．What did the researchers think of the findings of the research
A．They were as expected.
B．They were surprising.
C．They needed professional proof.
D．They were not inclusive enough.
12．What is the author's purpose in writing the text
A．To inform readers of a new study.
B．To tell people a piece of good news.
C．To introduce a new way to gain happiness.
D．To explain the benefits of walking in nature.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
There is an English saying：“ 1 ” Until recently, few people took the saying seriously.Now, however, doctors have begun to look into laughter and the effects it has on the human body. 2
Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body.People watched funny films while doctors checked their hearts, blood pressure, breathing and muscles.It was found that laughter has similar effects compared with physical exercise. 3 If laughter exercises the body, it must be beneficial.
Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be able to reduce the effect of pain on the body.In one experiment doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programs.The group that tolerated (忍耐) the pain for the longest time was the group which listened to a funny program. 4
5 They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing, making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects similar to those caused by laughter.
A．Laughter can prolong one's life.
B．As a result of these discoveries, some doctors in the United States now hold laughter clinics in which they help to improve their patients' condition by encouraging them to laugh.
C．The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemical in the brain which diminishes both stress and pain.
D．It increases blood pressure, the heart beating and breathing; it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach and even the feet.
E．Although laughter helps cure the disease, doctors still cannot put this theory into clinic practice.
F．Laughter is the best medicine.
G．They have found that laughter can really improve people's health.
PAGE
7Starting out & Understanding ideas
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
You probably laugh at something you find funny, but how much do you really know about jokes and humour？Reader's Digest (RD) questioned several experts to give us some facts about them.
RD：What's the oldest joke in the world
“We can't know the oldest joke in the world because it would have existed earlier than writing，”says Christie Davies, professor of sociology at the University of Reading in the UK.The oldest joke book that's been found so far is the Greek Philogelos.It dates from the 19th century AD, although the jokes date from an earlier time.According to the psychologist Steve Wilson, director of National Humour Month (April in the US), it contains 265 jokes.
RD：Do some people fail to develop a sense of humour
Rod Martin, professor of psychology at the Western University in Canada, believes that while everyone is born without a sense of humour, as we develop, humour and laughter begin to appear.“Of course, some children are more serious, quiet and less likely to laugh frequently, but this doesn't mean they don't have a sense of humour.”And according to Steve Wilson, there are no adults who don't have a sense of humour.“Almost everyone is able to develop a sense of humour, and I teach people how，” he says.
RD：Do people share a sense of humour unique to their own nation
Sense of humour does differ a lot by country, according to an author named Scott Weems.British humour is thought to be absurd (荒谬的) in nature, while American humour has an aggressive quality.According to a study, Germans are found to find everything funny.
语篇解读：本文是一则问卷调查。Reader's Digest RD 采访了一些专家，询问关于幽默的一些问题，并记录了专家们的观点。
1．What do we know about the oldest joke book
A．It remains unknown.
B．It was written in Greek.
C．It was found in the UK.
D．It contains the oldest joke.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第三段中的The oldest joke book that's been found so far is the Greek Philogelos.可知，世界上第一本笑话类书籍是希腊的Philogelos，因此推断这本书是用希腊语写的。
2．What does Rod Martin agree with about people's sense of humour
A．Nobody is born with a sense of humour.
B．Some adults lose it when they grow up.
C．Childhood is the best time to develop such an ability.
D．Children have a poorer sense of humour than adults.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的Rod Martin, professor of psychology at the Western University in Canada, believes that while everyone is born without a sense of humour可知，Rod Martin认为人们出生的时候是没有幽默感的，幽默感是随着成长而逐渐形成的。
3．What kind of humour has an aggressive feature
A．British humour. B．German humour.
C．Canadian humour. D．American humour.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句可知，美国式幽默很有攻击性。
4．Where can you probably find the text
A．In a popular magazine. B．In a research paper.
C．In a personal diary. D．In a textbook.
解析：选A 文章出处题。根据第一段内容可知，本文是一则问卷调查。Reader's Digest采访了一些专家、询问关于幽默的一些问题，并作了记录，所以本文可能来自一本广受欢迎的杂志。
B
We all know that friends are special people whom we share our lives with, and who share their lives with us in return.But seeking friends and keeping the friendship going are never easy.
According to a research recently published in the Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, the key is to use “we talk”．
Led by University of California psychologist Megan Robbins and her colleagues, the researchers reviewed and analyzed 30 different studies involving over 5,000 participants.This largest ever analysis of “we talk” suggested that the frequent use of “we”and “us” is linked to happier and healthier relationships.
The word “we” moves people from an individual position into a partnership, which makes us more interdependent.“The pronouns offer an insight into whether people see themselves as individuals or as part of a whole ... Word use is a window into what people are thinking and feeling without asking them，” Robbins told Science Daily.
Their research also found that “we talk”is helpful in resolving conflicts.“The primary point is that interdependence may bring about supportive and relationship centered behaviors and positive perceptions (看法) of the partner — especially important in times of stress and conflict，” said study author Alexander Karan.
US based magazine Psychology Today used the word “union” to describe the impact on a partner upon hearing “we talk”．
Contrary to “we talk”， there is “I talk”， which refers to the frequent use of first person singular pronouns, such as “I”， “me”， and “mine”， when writing or speaking.
Earlier this year, researchers from the University of Arizona, US, analyzed a set of data that came from 4,700 people in Germany and the US.They found that too much “I talk” is an accurate linguistic marker for the likelihood that someone is feeling stressed or experiencing negative emotions.
“If you are speaking in a personal context — so you're speaking about something that's of relevance to you，” lead researcher Allison Tackman told The Independent.“But if you're communicating in a context that's more impersonal, such as describing a picture, we did not see the relationship emerge.”
As you can see from the two studies, too much “I talk” can make you feel depressed.But “we talk” can encourage you to become more positive and create a ripple effect (连锁反应) of healthy interdependence with others.
So next time you're talking to a friend, try using more “we talk”．You may find yourself feeling more positive — and the effect it will have on your friend will be positive as well.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，频繁使用“we talk”说话方式可以让人际关系更快乐、更健康。
5．According to Megan Robbins and her colleagues' research, we can infer the following EXCEPT .
A．too much “I talk” certainly indicates pressure or depression
B．more than 5,000 people were involved in their research
C．the more we use “we” and “us”， the happier we may feel
D．“we talk” may help us build better teamwork in our work
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的the researchers reviewed ...over 5,000 participants可知，应排除B项；根据第三段中的the frequent use of ...happier and healthier relationships可知，应排除C项；根据第四段中的The word ...makes us more interdependent.可知，应排除D项。再结合倒数第四段内容可知，A项不属于Megan Robbins和她的同事们的研究结果。
6．What can be the benefit of “we talk”？
A．We may avoid arguments and conflicts with it.
B．It may help promote friendship in our life.
C．It can help produce a feeling of individualism.
D．We can become more independent of others.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第四、五段内容可知，“我们”这个词使人们从个人的立场转变为合作关系，这使我们更加相互依赖，而相互依赖可以带来积极的、以关系为中心的行为以及对合作者的积极看法。
7．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 8 mean
A．A person tends to use “I talk” too much if he is experienced.
B．“I talk” is an exact linguistic marker for people's feelings.
C．If a person uses “I talk” a lot, he is probably in a bad mood.
D．It is possible that someone likes “I talk” when he is in an impersonal context.
解析：选C 句意猜测题。根据画线句的句意“他们发现，太多的‘I talk’是一个准确的语言标志，表明一个人可能正感到紧张或正经历负面情绪”可知，如果一个人使用太多“I talk”，说明这个人可能心情不好。
8．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Using “we talk” contributes to building good social relationships.
B．The importance of choosing the word in our daily conversation.
C．Using too much “I talk” may lead you to become upset.
D．Introduction to “we talk” in our daily communication.
解析：选A 主旨大意题。通读全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究发现：频繁使用“we talk”说话方式可以让人际关系更快乐、更健康，即使用“we talk”有助于建立良好的社会关系。
C
As the days get shorter and the cold weather rolls in, we all want to curl up in a blanket and sleep until spring rolls around.But making time to get outside in the sun, even when it's cold outside, could have bigger mood benefits than you might realize.New research finds that sunlight exposure is by far the greatest weather related factor determining mental health.In other words, more sunshine, more happiness.
For the study, a psychologist, a physicist and a statistician from BYU teamed up to compare daily environmental data from the university's Physics and Astronomy Weather Station with emotional health data archived by day for 16,452 adult patients who were being treated at the university's Counseling and Psychological Services.Other weather variables (可变因素) including temperature, pollution and rain were not found to have an impact on mental health.
“We were surprised that many of the weather and pollution variables we included in the study were not significantly related to patients' scores once we had accounted for sun time，”said Dr. Mark Beecher, a professor of psychology at the university and the study's lead author.
Exposure to sunlight is a significant factor in seasonal affective disorder.Research has shown that the brain produces more of the feel good neurotransmitter serotonin on sunny days than it does on darker days.What's more, lack of sunlight is linked with lower vitamin D levels, which in turn has been correlated with depression and low energy.
In addition to seeking professional help if you need it, taking a walk in the sun can help.Walking in nature is known to reduce stress, improve cognitive function, lighten the mood and even put the brain into a peaceful state.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究，研究表明，晒太阳对于调节人的情绪、促进人的心理健康有很大的益处。
9．According to the new research, what can make people happier
A．Less pollution.
B．Fewer rainy days.
C．More cold weather.
D．More exposure to sunlight.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知，最新研究发现，阳光照射是迄今为止影响心理健康的最大的天气因素。换句话说，更多的阳光，更多的幸福。所以根据最新研究，更多地暴露在阳光下能让人们更快乐。
10．The underlined word “archived” in the second paragraph means “ ”．
A．composed B．discussed
C．recorded D．adjusted
解析：选C 词义猜测题。根据第二段内容可知，在这项研究中，来自BYU的一名心理学家、一名物理学家和一名统计师合作，将该大学物理和天文气象站的日常环境数据与该大学咨询和心理服务部每天存档的16 452名成年患者的情绪健康数据进行比较。所以通过上下文语境可以判断出，“archived”一词是指“记录”的意思。
11．What did the researchers think of the findings of the research
A．They were as expected.
B．They were surprising.
C．They needed professional proof.
D．They were not inclusive enough.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第三段中Dr. Mark Beecher所说的话可知，研究人员很惊讶，他们纳入研究的许多天气和污染变量，在考虑了日照时间后，与患者的得分没有显著关联。所以研究人员认为研究结果令人惊讶。
12．What is the author's purpose in writing the text
A．To inform readers of a new study.
B．To tell people a piece of good news.
C．To introduce a new way to gain happiness.
D．To explain the benefits of walking in nature.
解析：选A 写作意图题。通读全文可知，文章第一段介绍了一项新的研究发现：阳光照射是迄今为止影响心理健康的最大天气因素。更多的阳光，更多的幸福。下文则是对该研究的具体介绍。所以作者写这篇文章的目的是告诉读者一项新的研究。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
There is an English saying：“ 1 ” Until recently, few people took the saying seriously.Now, however, doctors have begun to look into laughter and the effects it has on the human body. 2
Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body.People watched funny films while doctors checked their hearts, blood pressure, breathing and muscles.It was found that laughter has similar effects compared with physical exercise. 3 If laughter exercises the body, it must be beneficial.
Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be able to reduce the effect of pain on the body.In one experiment doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programs.The group that tolerated (忍耐) the pain for the longest time was the group which listened to a funny program. 4
5 They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing, making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects similar to those caused by laughter.
A．Laughter can prolong one's life.
B．As a result of these discoveries, some doctors in the United States now hold laughter clinics in which they help to improve their patients' condition by encouraging them to laugh.
C．The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemical in the brain which diminishes both stress and pain.
D．It increases blood pressure, the heart beating and breathing; it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach and even the feet.
E．Although laughter helps cure the disease, doctors still cannot put this theory into clinic practice.
F．Laughter is the best medicine.
G．They have found that laughter can really improve people's health.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章告诉我们大笑的好处，而且笑声还能缓解疼痛。
1．选F 根据前文可知，作者此处要引用谚语，因此要找一个概括总结的句子，结合全文内容可知，F项最符合题意。
2．选G 根据上文doctors have begun to look into laughter and the effects it has on the human body可知，下句很可能说医生的发现，因此 G项符合语境，G项中的they指代doctors。
3．选D 前文讲到大笑和身体锻炼有相似的功效，此处应该是具体描述都有哪些功效，故D项符合题意。
4．选C 本段谈到laughter appears to be able to reduce the effect of pain on the body以及对此进行的实验，空处应是对这个实验的总结，故C项符合题意。
5．选B 根据后文内容可知，空处应与doctors和patients有关，且应表达出医生利用让病人大笑来为病人治疗的意思，故B项符合题意。
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