Starting out & Understanding ideas
现在，开花植物在地球上占有绝对优势，那么它们是怎样做到的呢？研究人员给出了答案……
Scientists think they have the answer to a puzzle that confused even Charles Darwin：How flowers evolved and spread to become the most important plants on earth
Flowering plants，or angiosperms (被子植物)，make up about 90% of all living plant species，but how they did this has been a mystery.New research suggests it is due to genome (基因组) size.
Hundreds of millions of years ago，the earth was dominated by ferns (蕨类) and conifers (针叶树) — they were the main plants on the earth.Then，about 150 million years ago，the first flowering plants appeared on earth.They quickly spread to all parts of the world.
Why angiosperms were successful and diverse on earth has been debated for centuries.Charles Darwin himself called it a “mystery”， fearing this apparent sudden change might challenge his theory of evolution.
Kevin Simonin from San Francisco State University in California US and other researchers analyzed data held by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, on the genome size of hundreds of plants，including flowering plants，gymnosperms (a group of plants including conifers) and ferns.They then compared genome size with anatomical (结构上的) features.This provides “strong evidence” that the success and rapid spread of flowering plants around the world is due to “genome downsizing”．
By reducing the size of the genome，which is contained within the nucleus (核) of the cell，plants can build smaller cells.The researchers say genome downsizing happened only in the angiosperms, and this was “a necessary condition for rapid growth rates among land plants”．,
[理解]
Decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F)．
1．Angiosperms are rare plants in South Africa.(F)
2．The smaller genome contributed to the success and diversity of angiosperms.(T)
[积累]
1．mystery n． 谜；神秘的事物
2．due to 由于，因为
3．dominate v. 支配，控制
4．diverse adj. 各种各样的，相异的
5．apparent adj. 明显的
6．analyze v. 分析
Section_ⅠStarting_out_&_Understanding_ideas
A Journey of Discovery
The captain of the ship，the Beagle，wanted someone [1]who would “profit by the opportunity of visiting distant① countries yet little known”．The person [2]who answered the call② was not the captain's first choice③.It was a young man who had left medical school without completing his degree.What's more④， he had recently received a letter from his father [3]predicting⑤ that he would be “a disgrace⑥ to yourself and all your family”．Despite all this, his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific discoveries of all time⑦.
[1]who引导定语从句，修饰先行词someone。
[2]who引导定语从句，修饰先行词person。
[3]predicting ...为现在分词短语作状语。
The young man in question⑧，Charles Darwin, was a geologist⑨ and naturalist, [4]fascinated by rocks, plants and animals.He left England on the ship, the Beagle, in 1831.The journey gave him the chance [5]to study various living things in their natural environments. After Darwin had spent some time in South America, his room on the ship was crowded with⑩ samples of the plants and animals he had collected.[6]As he studied these，he asked himself the question：how did different species come to exist ？
[4]过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰geologist and naturalist。
[5]动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰名词chance。
[6]As引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”。
At that time, people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time ， and had not changed since.But Darwin began to think differently.He noticed that some species of animals were very similar to each other.Maybe animals evolved [7]as they adapted to their changing environments？It was just an idea, but enough to inspire Darwin to look for more evidence .
[7]as引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”。
When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835，Darwin saw a variety of new species, but [8]it was the birds that interested him the most.Darwin noticed that there was a difference between the finches on each of the islands.It seemed their beaks had evolved according to [9]what food was availableon that particular island.
[8]it was ...that...为强调句型，强调主语the birds。
[9]what引导宾语从句，作介词to的宾语。
Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor，[10]which had arrived on the islands a long time before.Over time， it had slowly evolved into many new species.And that was the answer to [11]how new species of plants and animals came to exist：they evolved from earlier ancestors.
[10]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词ancestor。
[11]how引导宾语从句，作介词to的宾语。
It was a completely new idea — a theory of evolution.Darwin explained this theory in his book，On the Origin of Species.It was not published until 1859 and immediately caused a storm.Many people refused to believe that living things, including humans, had evolved from lower forms of life.They were shocked.But Darwin's scientific studies were [12]so convincingthat more and more people started to believe his theory.
[12]so ...that引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。
Today，On the Origin of Species is regarded as one of the most important works [13]ever written.It has changed ideas about life on Earth forever.And it all began with the journey on the Beagle.
[13]过去分词作后置定语，修饰名词works。
①distant adj.遥远的
②answer the call响应号召
③first choice第一选择
④what's more
此外，更重要的是
⑤predict v．预言
⑥disgrace n．丢脸，耻辱
be a disgrace是耻辱，是丢脸的事
⑦of all time有史以来；一直
⑧in question
讨论中的；考虑中的
⑨geologist n．地质学家
⑩be crowded with
拥塞；挤满；充满
sample n．样本
come to exist出现；产生
at the same time同时
be similar to与……相似
evolve v．进化
adapt to适应/适合……
evidence n．证据
a variety of
种种；各种各样的
finch n．雀科鸣禽
beak n．鸟嘴，喙
available adj.可利用的；可获得的；可找到的；有空暇的
be available for
对于……可用的
suspect v．猜想，怀疑，觉得
ancestor n．(动物的)原种，祖先
over time随着时间的推移
evolution n．进化(论)
publish v．出版；发表
including prep.包含；包括
convincing adj.令人信服的；有说服力的
be regarded as
被认为是
begin with开始于……
[参考译文]
发现之旅
贝格尔号的船长想要招募这样一名船员，这名船员将能“借此机会访问遥远而鲜为人知的国度并从中受益”。然而来应聘的人并不是船长心中的理想人选。这个年轻人从医学院肄业，并且在他刚收到的家书中，父亲预言他将会成为“自己和全家人的耻辱”。尽管如此，他的这次乘船探险之旅将带来有史以来最重要的一项科学发现。
我们提到的这个年轻人就是地质学家和博物学家查尔斯·达尔文，他对岩石和动植物有着浓厚的兴趣。1831年，他搭乘贝格尔号从英格兰启程。这趟旅程给了他研究自然环境中各种生物的契机。在南美洲度过一段时间后，他的船舱里堆满了收集到的动植物样本。当他研究这些样本时，他产生了疑问：这些不同的物种是如何产生的？
当时，人们认为所有的物种都是同时出现在地球上的，并从此再无变化。但达尔文开始有了不同的想法。他注意到，有些不同物种的动物彼此间很相似。也许动物为了适应不断变化的环境会逐渐进化？虽然这只是一个设想，但足够鼓舞达尔文去寻求更多证据。
1835年，当贝格尔号抵达加拉帕戈斯群岛的时候，达尔文发现了各种各样的新物种，但是其中最令他感兴趣的是鸟类。达尔文注意到，在群岛中的每一个小岛上，雀鸟之间有所不同。它们的喙似乎是根据所在岛屿上可觅得的食物进化而来的。
达尔文猜想，这里所有的雀鸟都由共同的祖先进化而来。很久以前，雀鸟的祖先来到这片群岛，随着时间推移，慢慢进化成许多新的种类。于是，关于动植物的新种类是如何产生的这个问题就有了答案：它们是从早期的祖先进化而来的。
这是一个全新的观点——进化论。达尔文在他的《物种起源》一书中对此进行了解释。这本书直到1859年才出版，出版后立即引起轰动。很多人拒绝相信包括人在内的所有生命都是从更低级的生命形式进化而来的。他们对此感到震惊。然而，达尔文的科学研究很有说服力，以至于越来越多的人开始接受他的理论。
如今，《物种起源》被认为是迄今为止最重要的著作之一。它彻底地改变了人类对于地球上生命的认识。而这一切都开始于贝格尔号的探索之旅。
Step One：Pre reading
Look at the evolutionary tree and answer the questions.
1．What species do you recognise in the picture
Snail，crab，fish，tortoise，bird，horse，human，frog，paramecium_(草履虫)，earthworm_(蚯蚓)，algae_(藻类)，moss_(苔藓)，fern.
2．What factors can cause the process of evolution
Natural_environment_(自然环境)，genes_(遗传基因)，and_mutation_(变异)．
Step Two：While reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
What is the text mainly about
A．Darwin's interest in various things made him a great naturalist.
B．Darwin's journey on the Beagle inspired his theory of evolution.
C．Darwin went on a journey to confirm his theory that humans had evolved over time.
D．Why Darwin was chosen to go on a journey with the captain of the Beagle.
答案：B
Ⅱ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1．According to the text, which of the following is NOT correct
A．Charles Darwin was not the captain's first choice.
B．Charles Darwin's father predicted he would be a disgrace to his family.
C．He came back to England on the Beagle in 1831.
D．The journey aroused his interest in the question how different species came to exist.
2．What was the common belief at that time
A．All species had appeared on earth at different times.
B．All species had not changed since they appeared.
C．Some species of animals were the same.
D．Animals adapted to the changing environment gradually.
3．________ interested Charles Darwin most in 1835 on the island.
A．Plants B．Dogs
C．New species D．Birds
4．What can we infer from the passage
A．Charles Darwin was not an excellent graduate from the medical school.
B．Charles Darwin was well received by the captain.
C．All his achievements began with the journey on the Beagle.
D．Charles Darwin explained his theory immediately he came back.
答案：1～4 CBDA
Step Three：Post reading
阅读课文内容， 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The captain of the ship named the Beagle wanted someone to profit by 1.visiting (visit) distant countries.Luckily，Darwin got the opportunity,2.although/though he was not the captain's first choice.Darwin was a geologist and naturalist,3.fascinated(fascinate) by rocks，plants and animals.The journey gave him the chance 4.to_study (study) various living things in their natural environments.After Darwin 5.had_spent (spend) some time in South America，his room was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected.He began to consider the question 6.how different species came to exist.He noticed that some species of animals were very similar 7.to each other.Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their 8.changing (change) environments Darwin decided to find out the truth.In 1835，Darwin saw a variety of new species，but it was the birds that interested him the most.After much research，he came to the 9.conclusion (conclude) that new species evolved from earlier ancestors.Darwin explained this theory in his book，On the Origin of Species，which 10.is_regarded (regard) as one of the most important works ever written.It has changed ideas about life on Earth forever，and it all began with the journey on the Beagle.
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．another example of seeds travelling 另一个关于种子传播的例子
2．fascinated by rocks, plants and animals 对岩石、植物和动物着迷
3．samples of the plants and animals 植物和动物的样本
4．inspire Darwin to look for more evidence 激励达尔文去寻找更多的证据
5．evolve from earlier ancestors 从早期祖先进化而来
6．On the Origin of Species 《物种起源》
7．convincing scientific studies 有说服力的科学研究
8．The man is always distant towards his neighbours, so his neighbours often keep him at a distance.(distant)
9．I'm not the one who disgraced (disgrace) her at the wedding!
10．Difficulties and hardships have brought out the best character of the young geologist (geology)．
11．Evolution (evolve) is the answer to how new species of plants and animals come to exist.
12．He was one of the most creative and innovative engineers of his generation (generate)．
13．The police suspected that two of the suspects caught yesterday were connected with another case.They were more suspicious.(suspect)
[掌握规律 巧记单词]
①distant(adj.遥远的)变t为ce→distance(n.距离)
difference 不同 intelligence 智力
silence 寂静 confidence 信心
②evolve(v.进化)去e＋ion→evolution[n.进化(论)]
solution 方案 resolution 决心
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．The person who answered_the_call (响应号召) was not the captain's first_choice (第一选择)．
2. ...he would be_“a_disgrace (是耻辱)to yourself and all your family”．
3．His adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific discoveries of_all_time (有史以来)．
4．The young man in_question (讨论中的)，Charles Darwin, was a geologist and naturalist.
5．His room on the ship was_crowded_with (充满) samples of the plants and animals he had collected.
6．How did different species come_to_exist (产生)
7．Maybe animals evolved as they adapted_to (适应) their changing environments
8．When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835，Darwin saw a_variety_of (各种各样的) new species.
Ⅲ.典型句式
1．[教材原句] As he studied these, he asked himself the question：how did different species come to exist
[句式分析] as引导时间状语从句
[佳句仿写] The guide told us his adventures in the Arctic as_we_went_along.
我们一边走着，这个导游一边给我们讲他在北极的冒险经历。
2．[教材原句] When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835, Darwin saw a variety of new species, but it was the birds that interested him the most.
[句式分析] 强调句型：It's ... who/that ...
[佳句仿写] It_is when you need what you've learned from books that you realise you should have read more.
书到用时方恨少。
3．[教材原句] It seemed their beaks had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island.
[句式分析] It seemed (that) ... 好像……
[佳句仿写] It_seemed_(that) the water was to blame.看来水是罪魁祸首。
4．[教材原句] It was not published until 1859 and immediately caused a storm.
[句式分析] not ...until ... 直到……才……
[佳句仿写] I didn't_realise_how_much_time_I_had_wasted_until I began to work.
直到我开始工作，我才意识到我浪费了多少时间。
1．(教材P50)The captain of the ship, the Beagle, wanted someone who would “profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known”．
贝格尔号的船长想要招募这样一名船员，这名船员将能“借此机会访问遥远而鲜为人知的国度并从中受益”。
distant adj.遥远的；远处的；远亲的
(1)a distant cousin/aunt/relative 远房堂兄弟/姑母/亲戚(2)distance n. 距离；远方in the distance 在远处from a distance 从远处at a distance (of) 在……远的地方；距离稍远keep sb.at a distance 对某人冷淡；与某人疏远；与某人保持一定距离
(佳句)The time we spent together is now a distant memory.
我们在一起度过的时光现在已经成为遥远的回忆。
[练透] 单句语法填空/补全句子
①Paul has to drive a very long distance (distant) as part of his job.
②We spotted them waving to us at a distance of 100 meters.
③The old man stood on the top of the tower，looking at the trees in_the_distance.
老人站在塔顶上，看着远处的树。
[写美] 一句多译
④有人告诫她说，如果她不想受到伤害，就离查理斯远一点。
→She was warned to keep_her_distance_from_Charles if she didn't want to get hurt.
→She was warned to keep_Charles_at_a_distance if she didn't want to get hurt.
2．(教材P50)What's more, he had recently received a letter from his father predicting that he would be “a disgrace to yourself and all your family”．
并且在他刚收到的家书中，父亲预言他将会成为“自己和全家人的耻辱”。
disgrace n．丢脸，耻辱 v．丢脸；使蒙羞
(1)be a disgrace 是耻辱，是丢脸的事in disgrace 为人所不齿；失宠disgrace oneself 使某人自己丢脸/蒙羞(2)disgraceful adj. 不名誉的，可耻的grace n. 优雅，高雅
(佳句)Before the competition, all in my mind was determination: not to be a disgrace to my country and myself.
比赛之前我下定决心：不给国家和自己丢脸。
[辨析] disgrace, shame
disgrace 指某人因某种不光彩行为而使名誉受损或蒙受耻辱
shame 使用范围较广。指某人因犯罪、做坏事或无能等引起心理上的惭愧或羞耻。shame的耻辱程度比disgrace更深
[练透] 单句语法填空/选词填空(disgrace, shame)
①I would sooner die than disgrace myself (me)．
②When it was proven that Sam had accepted bribes, the family was in disgrace.
③It's disgraceful (disgrace) that none of the family tried to help her.
④His actions brought disgrace on his family.
⑤Stealing is no shame in the case of him.
[写美] 补全句子
⑥Poverty is not a sufficient cause of disgrace, but poverty without resolution to help oneself is_a_disgrace.
贫穷并不可耻，穷而不争气才可耻。
3．(教材P50)Despite all this, his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific discoveries of all time.
尽管如此，他的这次乘船探险之旅将带来有史以来最重要的一项科学发现。
of all time 有史以来；一直
at times 有时；不时at a time 一次，每次at one time 曾经，一度in no time 立刻，马上at no time 在任何时候都不；决不(位于句首时句子倒装)
(佳句)Marc Jacobs is undoubtedly one of the most influenced designers of all time.
马克·雅可布无疑是史上最具影响力的设计师之一。
[练透] 选用time的相关短语填空
①He was made to practise the piano so much that at_times he thought about giving up.
②This used to be a very pretty valley at_one_time，but now it has changed a lot.
③At_no_time did they actually break the rules of the game.It was unfair to punish them.
[写美] 补全句子
④Luckily，I adapted to the new surroundings and everything_returned_to_normal_in_no_time.
幸运的是，我适应了新的环境，一切很快就恢复了正常。
4．(教材P50)The young man in question，Charles Darwin，was a geologist and naturalist，fascinated by rocks，plants and animals.
我们提到的这个年轻人就是地质学家和博物学家查尔斯·达尔文，他对岩石和动植物有着浓厚的兴趣。
in question讨论中的；考虑中的
beyond question 不容置疑out of question 毫无疑问，没有问题out of the question 不可能；不允许；不值得讨论
(佳句)One post said：“I hope the people in question are well.”
一个帖子说：“我希望我们在谈论着的人会没事。”
[练透] 单句语法填空/补全句子
①Where were you during the evening in question
②Her efficiency and intelligence are beyond question.
③Some of my classmates think Mary will get full marks in the English exam, but I think that is out_of_the_question.
有的同学认为玛丽会在英语考试中拿到满分，但我认为这是不可能的。
[写美] 翻译句子
④他考试会不及格，这是毫无疑问的。
He_will_fail_in_the_examination_again,_which_is_out_of_question.
5．(教材P51)After Darwin had spent some time in South America, his room on the ship was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected.
在南美洲度过一段时间后，他的船舱里堆满了收集到的动植物样本。
be crowded with 拥塞；挤满；充满
(1)crowd in (on sb.) (想法、问题等)涌上心头；涌入脑海crowd into one's mind 涌入某人的脑海crowd in/into (sth.) 大批地涌入(某物)crowd around 聚集在……周围；聚拢 (2)crowded adj. 拥挤的；挤满的；充满的(3)a crowd of (crowds of) 一群(成群)……
(佳句)The hall was crowded with his devoted fans.
大厅里挤满了他的忠实粉丝。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①The landscape of public health is crowded (crowd) with an ever growing number of partnerships, initiatives, and implementing agencies.
②When species crowd into an area, they compete for resources and become efficient at using them.
③Crowds (crowd) of people poured into the street.
[写美] 补全句子
④Vivid memories of my grandparents came crowding_into_my_mind.
对祖父母清晰的记忆涌入我的脑海。
[名师指津] crowd是集合名词，作主语时，若视为整体则谓语动词用单数形式；若强调个体成员，则谓语动词用复数形式。
6．(教材P51)Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their changing environments
也许动物为了适应不断变化的环境会逐渐进化？
adapt to适应/适合……
(1)adapt oneself to 使自己适应……adapt ...to do ... 调整……以做……(2)adapt ...from 根据……改编……adapt ...for 把…… 改写/改编成……(3)adaptation n. 适应；改编；改写本
(佳句)Many students find it hard to adapt to the new school.
许多学生发现很难适应新学校。
[练透] 单句语法填空/补全句子
①Third culture kids may not be able to adapt themselves (they) completely to their new surroundings as expected.
②Adapted (adapt) from J．K.Rowling's book series of the same title, the “Harry Potter” movies are universally acknowledged as classics.
③The famous expert adapted_his_speech_to_suit the interests of his audience.
那位著名的专家修改了他的演讲以满足听众的兴趣。
[写美] 翻译句子
④众所周知，电影《红高粱》改编自莫言的同名小说。
It_is_well_known_that_the_film_Red__Sorghum_is_adapted_from_the_novel_of_the_same_title_by_Mo_Yan.
7．(教材P51)Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor, which had arrived on the islands a long time before.
达尔文猜想，这里所有的雀鸟都由共同的祖先进化而来。很久以前，雀鸟的祖先来到这片群岛。
suspect v．猜想，怀疑，觉得 n．嫌疑犯，可疑对象
(1)suspect that ... 怀疑……suspect sb.of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人有某种罪行suspect sb.to be 猜想/怀疑某人是……(2)suspected adj. 疑似的
(佳句)I suspect that Emily was lying when she described the incident, for I know her well.
我怀疑埃米莉在描述该事件时撒谎了，因为我很了解她。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Suspecting (suspect) the traveler of carrying drugs, the customs officials stopped him and went through his suitcase.
②My last advice is modesty.Don't let others suspect that you are being arrogant and showing off.
③He was taken to hospital after a suspected (suspect) heart attack.
[写美] 补全句子
④These are the personal details of a man the police suspect_of_robbing_a_bank.
这些是一个被警方怀疑抢劫银行的人的个人资料。
1．[句型公式] as引导时间状语从句
(教材P51) As he studied these，he asked himself the question：how did different species come to exist
当他研究这些样本时，他产生了疑问：这些不同的物种是如何产生的？
as在此引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候；随着”。as作连词时，有以下用法：(1)意为“当……时候；一边……一边……；随着”时，引导时间状语从句。(2)意为“按照……的方式(办法)；如同……”时，引导方式状语从句。(3)意为“因为；既然”时，引导原因状语从句。(4)意为“尽管”时，引导让步状语从句。(5)引导比较状语从句，常用于as ... as ... 句型，意为“像……一样……(第一个as是副词，第二个as是连词)”。
(佳句)As years go by, China is getting richer and stronger.
随着一年一年过去，中国变得越来越富强。
[练透] 补全句子
①I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao”， just as_I_might_do_in_China.
我离他们足够近能听见他们正在说汉语，并且我像在中国可能做的那样说了声“你好”。
②As_I_was_busy_preparing_for_my_final_exam,_I didn't reply to your email as soon as I received it.
因为我正忙着准备期末考试，所以我才没有一收到电子邮件就给你回复。
③Child as_he_is,_he knows how to help others.
他虽然是个孩子，却知道如何帮助别人。
[写美] 句型转换
④As time went on/by, he contented himself with a simple life.
→With_time_going_on/by,_he contented himself with a simple life.(with复合结构)
[名师指津] (1)当as引导让步状语从句时，从句使用部分倒装，即将形容词、副词、名词、动词等放于as前面；单数可数名词提前时应该省掉冠词；
(2)with意为“随着”时是介词，后接名词或代词等构成with短语或with复合结构。
2．[句型公式] not ...until ...直到……才……
(教材P51)It was not published until 1859 and immediately caused a storm.
这本书直到1859年才出版，出版后立即引起轰动。 (1)until用在肯定句中，谓语动词通常是延续性动词，如：stand, stay, talk, wait等，表示主句动作终止的时间。(2)如果用在否定句中，谓语动词既可以是瞬间性动词也可以是延续性动词，强调主句动作开始的时间。(3)当not until 位于句首时，句子要倒装。其结构为Not until＋从句/表时间的词＋助动词＋(主句)主语＋谓语＋其他。(4)not until的强调结构为：It is/was not until＋从句/表时间的词＋that＋其他。
(佳句)The plane won't take off until the snowstorm stops.
飞机要等暴风雪停了才会起飞。
[练透] 补全句子
①You may stay here till/until_the_rain_stops.
你可以待在这里，一直到雨停为止。
②It_was_not_until_last_week_that the stolen car was found.
直到上周，那辆失窃的汽车才被找到。
[写美] 句型转换
③He didn't know about it until I told him.
→Not_until_I_told_him_did_he know about it.(倒装句)
→It_was_not_until_I_told_him_that he knew about it.(强调句)
PAGE
16(共75张PPT)
F
T
灯
素养目标
单元知识抢先知
文化意识
了解物种起源和植物
(主题语境：人与自然之认识与探索自然)
的生长规律，激发学生探索
自然的兴趣，引发他们对自
然的思考和敬畏，进而理解
人与自然和谐相处的重要
意义。
必记单词
思维品质
重点短语
通过比较、分析并联系
seed
distant
first choice
自身实际，介绍与自然相关
的纪录片以及世界著名的自
disgrace
sample
of all time
然历史博物馆，积极探索自
in question
然，培养不断探究、不断创新
evolve
finch
经典句型
的思维意识。
be crowded with
学习能力
suspect
ancestor
come to exist
1.as引导时间状语从句
能够在自主、合作、探
characteristic decline
究式学习的过程中，运用各
be similar to
2.not ..until ..
核心语法
种策略，结合单元提供的反
generate
blame
adapt to
直到…才
思性和评价性问题，不断监
过去完成时
控、评价、反思和调整自己的
primitive
detect
tiny amounts of
3.so that.为了…
学习内容和进程，激发学习
drive...away
话题写作
兴趣，提升分析问题和解决
root
link
以便…
be native to
问题的能力。
写一篇
fungal
centimetre
语言能力一◆
as well as
4.it作形式主语
观察日记
单元话
题导
入
国题围(共20张PPT)
灯
国题围Using_language
Grammar ——过去完成时
一、基本用法
过去完成时的构成为“had＋过去分词”，主要用法如下：
(1)表示某一动作或存在的状态发生在过去某一时间或某一动作之前，即“过去的过去”。
By the end of last week, they had finished the work.
到上周末为止，他们已经完成了工作。
When Jack arrived, he learned Mary had been away for almost an hour.
当杰克到达时，他得知玛丽已经离开快一个小时了。
[名师指津] 过去完成时常常用在宾语从句中，从句谓语动作发生在主句谓语动作(过去时)之前。
She said that she had finished her homework.
她说她已经完成家庭作业了。
(2)某些动词的过去完成时表示过去未实现的希望、计划或打算。常用的动词有hope, expect, suppose, think, want, wish等。
They had wanted to help but couldn't get here in time.
他们本来想要来帮忙的，但未能及时赶到这儿。
I had hoped to send him a Christmas card, but I forgot to do so.
我本来想送他一张圣诞节贺卡，但把这事给忘了。
二、过去完成时在几个重点句型中的应用
1．在no sooner ...than, hardly ...when句型中，主句用过去完成时，意为“一……就；刚……就”。
I had hardly stepped into the classroom when the bell rang.
我一踏入教室的门，铃就响了。
No sooner had he rushed out than the house fell down.
他刚冲出去，房子就塌了。
2．在it was the first time that ...句型中，that从句常用过去完成时。
It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune.
这是他第一次用这样的语调跟我讲话。
补全句子
①It was the third time that he had_been_out_of_work.
这是他第三次失业了。
②We had_hoped_that_you_would_come,_but you didn't.
我本期望你会来，但是你没来。
③Hardly_had_I_got_to_the_bus_stop when the bus started.
我刚到达汽车站，汽车就开了。
④I had_intended_to_call_on_you,_but I had an unexpected visitor.
我本来打算给你打电话，但我有一位意外的访客。
三、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
一般过去时侧重发生在过去的客观事实；而过去完成时强调动作发生在“过去的过去”，一定有一个表示过去的参照点。
I had been at the bus stop for 30 minutes when a bus finally came.
当公交车最终到来的时候，我已经在车站等了30分钟。
He once worked as a teacher for 5 years, but now he is a successful manager.
他曾经做过5年的教师，但现在他是一位成功的经理。
用所给词的适当形式填空
①As soon as I got to the airport，I realised I had_left (leave) my ID card at home.
②Yesterday, Lucy's parents rushed (rush) her to the hospital after she fell off her bicycle.
③When first coming to the city, my parents often had a chat with neighbours, just as they had_done (do) in the countryside.
④It is said in the book that Thomas Edison (1847－1931) was (be) the world leading inventor for sixty years.
1．(教材P53)Gregor Mendel chose to study pea plants because their characteristics were easy to control.
格雷戈尔·孟德尔选择研究豌豆是因为它们的特性易于控制。
characteristic n．特征，特性 adj.典型的，独特的，特有的
(1)It is characteristic of sb.to do sth. 做某事是某人的特点(2)character n. 品格，品质；特征，特性；(小说、戏剧中的)人物，角色；(汉)字，字体；性格a leading character 主角in character 符合某人的性格out of character 不符合某人的性格
(佳句)One may only have a character, but may have many characteristics, all of which build one's character.
一个人可能只有一种性格，但可能有多种特征或特点，所有这些特征或特点便构成了一个人的品质。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①It's characteristic (character) of her to complain when in trouble.
②His words are entirely in character with his actions.
[写美] 翻译句子
③我想不到她会对我撒谎——这不符合她的性格。
I_can't_believe_she_lied_to_me_—_it_seems_so_out_of_character.
2．(教材P53)The extinction of the Pinta Island tortoise is blamed on humans.
平塔岛龟的灭绝归咎于人类。
blame v．责怪，指责；把……归咎于 n．过失；责备
(1)blame sb./sth.for sth. 因……而责备某人/事blame sth.on sb. 把某事怪到某人头上be to blame (for ...) (因为……)应受指责(2)take the blame for ... 为……承担责任lay/put the blame on sb. 把责任归咎于某人
(佳句)She blamed her husband for the failure of their marriage.
她把婚姻的失败归咎于她的丈夫。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①It is my fault，so I am to_blame_(blame) for Miller's accident.
②Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning，and put the blame on the alarm clock.
[写美] 补全句子
③He was_blamed_for the accident, but he blamed it on others.In fact, it is he, not others, that is_to_blame_for/takes_the_blame_for it.
他因这起事故受到了责备，但他把此次事故归咎于别人。事实上，是他该为此承担责任，而不是别人。
[名师指津] be to blame for sth意为“应为某事负责或受指责”， 其中不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。
3．(教材P53) After goats in particular had been brought to the island，the Pinta Island tortoise population declined.
尤其是山羊被引进岛上之后，平塔岛龟的数量下降了。
decline v．减少；衰退；谢绝 n．下降；衰退
(1)decline to do sth. 拒绝做某事
decline to 下降/减少到
decline by 下降/减少了
(2)decline in/of sth. 在某方面减少/下降
on the decline 走下坡路，在衰退中
(佳句)In parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
在加州南部的部分地区，这种下降接近75%。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①The number of tourists to the resort declined by_10% last year.
②In spite of many invitations，he would always decline to_visit (visit) Oxford.
③The number of people who run the red light is on the decline since the new traffic regulations came into effect.
[写美] 补全句子
④I offered to give them a lift，but they declined_with_thanks.
我邀请他们搭便车，但他们婉言谢绝了。
4．(教材P55)The Giant Tortoise Reserve on Santa Cruz is home to several species of giant tortoise that are native to the Galápagos Islands.
圣克鲁斯巨型陆龟保护区是原产于加拉帕戈斯群岛的多种巨型陆龟的家园。
be native to 源于……的，原产于……
(1)one's native country/land/language 某人的祖国/故乡/母语 (2)be a native of ... ……的人；生长于……的动物或植物
(佳句)Blueberries are native to North America.
蓝莓原产于北美。
[练透] 单句语法填空/补全句子
①The researcher says the tiger is native to India.
②He must be_a_native of eastern coastal China.
他一定是中国东部沿海的本地人。
[写美] 翻译句子
③事实上，法语不是我的母语。
As_a_matter_of_fact,_French_is_not_my_native_language.
PAGE
4(共57张PPT)
灯
国题围Developing_ideas
The Secret Language of Plants
Talking plants have long been a thing of myths① and legends②.Many cultures have stories of talking trees [1]that give advice as well as③ warnings to people.Alexander the Great and Marco Polo were said to have visited such a tree in India.And in some modern stories，such as the film Avatar, trees can communicate with④ animals and people.
[1]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词talking trees。
[2]With us long believing that talking plants are fantasy⑤， new research has revealed something amazing：[3]it appears that plants can communicate after all⑥.
[2]with复合结构(with＋代词＋doing)作状语。
[3]it appears that ... 似乎……，it作形式主语，真正的主语是由that引导的从句。
[4]It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other.This happens when a plant, say a bean plant, gets attacked by insects.The plant releases tiny amounts of⑦ chemicals from the leaves [5]that are being eaten.This is like a warning, or a call for help：“I'm being attacked！” When another bean plant detects⑧ the chemicals from its injured neighbour, it starts to release its own, different chemicals.Some of these chemicals drive insects away⑨.Others attract insects — the wasps⑩！ The wasps kill the insects that are eating the bean plants.Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system，[6]so that we can use it to grow crops without pesticides .
[4]it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。
[5]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the leaves。
[6]so that引导目的状语从句，意为“以便，为了”。
More surprisingly, plants also use sound to communicate.People can't hear these sounds, but plants are making them.Some plants make noises with their roots .Corn and chilli plants do this.They also “listen” to the noises from other plants.A chilli plant can tell [7]if a neighbouring plant is helpful，or unfriendly.Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water，[8]indicating drought is arriving.
[7]if引导宾语从句，作tell的宾语。
[8]indicating ...为现在分词短语作伴随状语。
Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication [9]that can link nearly every plant in a forest.Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”．It is in some ways similar to the Internet we use.[10]While the Internet is a worldwide network of computers [11]linked by cables and satellites, the wood wide web is linked underground by fungi .This fungal network links the roots of different plants to each other.[12]Using the wood wide web, plants can share information and even food with each other.For example, some pine trees can send food to smaller pine trees to help them grow.But just like our own Internet, the wood wide web has its own version of “cybercrime”．Plants can steal food from each other, or spread poisons to attack other plants.Perhaps one day scientists will learn [13]how to create a “firewall” to help prevent these attacks within the wood wide web.
[9]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词communication。
[10]While在此是并列连词，表示对比，意为“(对比两件事物)……而，……然而”。
[11]linked by ...为过去分词短语作定语，修饰名词computers。
[12]Using the wood ...为现在分词短语作伴随状语。
[13]“疑问词＋不定式”结构作learn的宾语。
Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways [14]in which plants talk to each other.Who knows Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to “talk” with them ourselves.
[14]in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词ways。
①myth n．(古代的)神话
②legend n．传说，传奇(故事)
③as well as 也；又(连接并列结构)
④communicate with sb.
与某人交流
communicate sth.to sb.向某人传达(思想和感情)
⑤fantasy n．幻想
⑥after all 毕竟；终究
⑦tiny amounts of
微量的
⑧detect v．发现，察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物)
⑨drive ...away
把……赶走
⑩wasp n．黄蜂
pesticide n．杀虫剂，农药
root n．根
chilli n．辣椒
indicate vt.指出；
标示；表明；暗示
link v．把……联系起来；连接
be similar to
与……相似
cable n．电缆
fungus n．真菌(复数fungi)
fungal adj.真菌的
version n．说法，描述；版本
cybercrime n．网络犯罪
firewall n．防火墙
[参考译文]
植物密语
会说话的植物一直是神话传说中的一大元素。在许多种文化中流传下来的故事里，会说话的树给予人们忠告和警示。据说亚历山大大帝和马可·波罗曾在印度见过一棵会说话的树。在一些现代故事——例如电影《阿凡达》中，树可以与人类和动物沟通交流。
我们一直认为会说话的植物只存在于幻想之中，但新研究有了令人惊奇的发现：植物间似乎确实可以交流。
人们早就知道植物可以利用化学物质进行交流。当一株植物——比如豆科植物——被昆虫袭击时，就会发生这种情况。正遭受啃食的叶子会释放出微量的化学物质，这像是警示，抑或求救：“我被攻击了！”当另一株豆类植物察觉到附近受伤同伴释放的化学物质时，它自身便开始释放不同的化学物质，其中一些能驱赶昆虫，而另一些则会吸引另一种昆虫——黄蜂！黄蜂会杀死那些啃食豆类植物的昆虫。科学家希望能进一步了解这种植物警报系统，从而将其应用于不用使用农药的农作物的种植。
更不可思议的是，植物也能用声音交流。虽然人类听不到，但植物确实正在发出声音。有些植物通过根部发出声响，比如玉米和辣椒。它们还能“听见”其他植物发出的声响。由此，辣椒可以知道自己附近的植物是敌是友。还有些树木在水分不足时会发出咔嗒声，以示干旱就要来了。
最令人惊奇的是，植物拥有一套神奇的信息交流系统，几乎可以连接起森林中所有的植物。科学家们称之为“植物万维网”。在某种程度上，它很像人类使用的互联网。互联网是通过电缆和卫星连接的全球计算机网络，而植物万维网则是在地下通过真菌连接而成的。这个真菌网络将不同植物的根彼此连接，通过它，植物可以互相分享信息甚至是食物。比如，某些松树会通过真菌网络向松树幼苗输送养分，帮助它们生长。但是，像互联网一样，植物万维网也会发生“网络犯罪”。植物会偷取同伴的养分，或散播有毒物质攻击其他植物。也许未来某一天，科学家会研究出建造“防火墙”的方法来阻止植物万维网中的这些攻击。
科学家们每天都在增进对植物间相互沟通的秘密方式的了解。谁知道呢？说不定哪一天，我们就能足够了解植物沟通的知识，从而亲自和植物“聊天”了。
Step One：Pre reading
Look at the three pictures on Page 56 in the textbook and answer the following question.
What do they have in common
All_of_them_are_unique_plants_that_exist_in_nature.
Step Two：While reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
Match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para.1 A．Plants use chemicals to communicate with each other.
Para.2 B．Plants use sound to communicate.
Para.3 C．Talking plants have long been a thing of myths and legends.
Para.4 D．New research has showed that plants can communicate.
Para.5 E．Maybe one day we'll be able to “talk” with plants.
Para.6 F．Plants use “wood wide web” to communicate.
答案：Paras. 1～6 CDABFE
Ⅱ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1．What can we learn from Paragraph 3
A．Plants can release chemicals from the roots.
B．Plants can release chemicals when attacked.
C．Chemicals from some plants destroy the other plants.
D．Scientists find the method of growing crops without pesticides.
2．How many ways that plants communicate are talked about in the passage
A．1 B．2
C．3 D．4
3．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage
①＝Paragraph 1 ②＝Paragraph 2 ③＝Paragraph 3
④＝Paragraph 4 ⑤＝Paragraph 5 ⑥＝Paragraph 6
A．①/②/③④⑤/⑥ B．①②/③④⑤/⑥
C．①②③/④⑤/⑥ D．①/②③④⑤/⑥
4．What is the main purpose of this passage
A．To encourage people to study plants.
B．To introduce ways of communication between plants.
C．To argue why plants are able to communicate.
D．To tell us some myths about talking plants.
答案：1～4 BCBB
Step Three：Post reading
阅读课文内容， 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Modern research is showing that plants can communicate 1.with each other.
It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other.The plant releases chemicals from the leaves that 2.are_being_eaten (eat)．This is like a warning，or a call for help：“I'm being attacked！” When another plant detects the chemicals，it starts to release its own，different chemicals.Some of these chemicals drive insects 3.away.
More 4.surprisingly (surprise), plants also use sound to communicate.Some plants make noises with their roots.A chilli plant can tell 5.if a neighbouring plant is helpful, or unfriendly.Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water, 6.indicating (indicate) drought is arriving.
Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of 7.communication (communicate) that can link nearly every plant in a forest.Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”．This fungal network 8.links (link) the roots of different plants to each other.9.Using (use) the wood wide web, plants can share information and even food with each other.Plants can steal food 10.from each other, or spread poisons to attack other plants.
Maybe one day we will be able to “talk” with plants ourselves.
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．a thing of myths and legends 神话和传说里的事情
2．grow crops without pesticides 种植不使用农药的作物
3．make noises with their roots 用它们的根发出声响
4．link nearly every plant in a forest 把森林里几乎每一种植物联系起来
5．its own version of “cybercrime” 自己的“网络犯罪”一说
6．around 20 centimetres tall 大约20厘米高
7．Detective (detect) novels used to have a special attraction for me.
8．In China, “mythical (myth) creatures” is used to describe troublesome schoolchildren whose behaviours drive their parents crazy.
9．Children use fantasy (fantastic) to explore worrying aspects of real life.
10．There have been widely differing versions in the newspapers about the explosion of the chemical (chemistry) works.
11．The exchange student from Kenya often shares with us the news of his country and that of his neighbouring (neighbour) countries.
detect [v.发现，察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物)]＋ion→detection (n.发现)
invention 发明 prediction 预言
instruction 指示 collection 收藏品
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．Many cultures have stories of talking trees that give advice as__well_as (和) warnings to people.
2．And in some modern stories, such as the film Avatar, trees can communicate_with (与……交流) animals and people.
3．New research has revealed something amazing: it appears that plants can communicate after_all (毕竟；终究；别忘了)．
4．The plant releases tiny_amounts_of (微量的) chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten.
5．Some of these chemicals drive insects away (把……赶走)．
6.Some plants make_noises (制造噪音) with their roots.
7．It is in_some_ways (在某些方面) similar to the Internet we use.
8．This happens when a plant, say a bean plant, gets_attacked (受到攻击) by insects.
Ⅲ.典型句式
1．[教材原句] With us long believing that talking plants are fantasy, new research has revealed something amazing：it appears that plants can communicate after all.
[句式分析] “with＋名词/代词＋doing”复合结构
[佳句仿写] With_his_finger_pointing_to the broken window, the teacher asked：“Who did that？”
老师用手指着那扇打破了的窗户问：“是谁干的？”
2．[教材原句] It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other.
[句式分析] it作形式主语，that引导主语从句。
[佳句仿写] It_is_well_known_that__Thomas Edison invented the electric light.
众所周知，爱迪生发明了电灯。
3．[教材原句] Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system，so that we can use it to grow crops without pesticides.
[句式分析] so that引导目的状语从句，意为“以便，为了”。
[佳句仿写] I'd like to arrive 20 minutes early so_that_I_can_have_time_for_a_cup_of_tea.
我想提前20分钟到，这样我就有时间喝杯茶。
4．[教材原句] Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water, indicating drought is arriving.
[句式分析] 现在分词短语作伴随状语
[佳句仿写] Mary sat by the window of the classroom, reading_a_book.
玛丽坐在教室的窗边读着一本书。
1．(教材P56)The plant releases tiny amounts of chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten.
正遭受啃食的叶子会释放出微量的化学物质。
tiny amounts of 微量的
(1) 大/少量的in large amounts 大量地(2)amount vi. 合计，共计amount to 合计；共计；等同于
(佳句)The food was analyzed and found to contain tiny amounts of poison.
对这种食物进行了分析，发现含有微量的毒素。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①An amount of story books has_been_bought (buy) for the children so far.
②Consumers spending on sports related items amounted to ￡9.75 billion.
[写美] 补全句子
③It's best to buy vegetables in_large_amounts because they are cheaper now.
最好大量地购买蔬菜，因为现在比较便宜。
[名师指津] an amount (of)，amounts (of)作主语或其修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词的数常根据amount的单复数而定。
2．(教材P56)When another bean plant detects the chemicals from its injured neighbour, it starts to release its own, different chemicals.
当另一株豆类植物察觉到附近受伤同伴释放的化学物质时，它自身便开始释放不同的化学物质。
detect v．发现，察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物)；探测
(1)detect a lie 识破谎言detect a change 发觉转变(2)detective n. 侦探detector n. 检测器；发现者detection n. 侦查；发现
(佳句)Many forms of cancer can be cured if detected early.
如果发现得早，许多癌症都可以治愈。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①An experienced detective (detect) was assigned to the case.
②If your smoke detector (detect) is working properly，the red light should be on.
③Many problems, however, escape detection (detect)．
[写美] 补全句子
④Dogs have a far wider hearing range than humans, making_them_able_to_detect_sounds far above a human's hearing limit.
狗的听觉范围比人类大得多，使它们能够探测到远远超过人类听力极限的声音。
[辨析] find, detect, discover
find 指通过主动寻找而重新获得丢失了的东西、原来隐匿的事实或发现新事物，也可指偶然发现原来没有意识到的情况
detect 指通过详细的调查研究或仔细观察发现某事物的存在或搞清楚某一事实真相，通常指发现不太好或有疑问的事物
discover 指经过主动的探索、寻找而发现已存在，但不为前人或其他人所知的事物或规律。常用于某一区域或科学的发现
选词填空(find, detect, discover)
⑤These islands were discovered by a little known navigator.
⑥The police came and searched his house but found nothing.
⑦Can you detect an escape of gas in this corner of the room
3．(教材P56)Some of these chemicals drive insects away.
其中一些化学物质能驱赶昆虫。
drive ...away 把……赶走
drive sb.crazy/mad 把某人逼得发疯/发狂drive sb.to do sth. 迫使某人做某事drive off 驱车离去；驶去drive into 打入；敲进
(佳句)After two and a half years，the mother panda drove the young panda away.
两年半后，熊猫妈妈把小熊猫赶跑了。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Hunger drove her to_steal (steal)．
②The robbers drove off in a stolen vehicle.
[写美] 补全句子
③My deskmate nearly drives_me_crazy.He is always thinking of himself.
我的同桌几乎要把我逼疯了。他总是想着他自己。
4．(教材P56)Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest.
最令人惊奇的是，植物拥有一套神奇的信息交流系统，几乎可以连接起森林中所有的植物。
link v．把……联系起来；连接
link up 联合，连接；使结合；使连接link up with 与……联合/汇合/碰头link ...with/to ... 将……和……联系或连接起来be linked to/with 与……有关
(佳句)Linking arms with one of the instructors, I helped carry the young man out of the water.
我和一位教练手挽手，帮着把这个年轻人抬出水面。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①The local government plans to build a railway to link up the two islands.
②The new road would be needed to link up with the main road.
③The Channel Tunnel links Britain with/to the rest of Europe.
[写美] 补全句子
④Obesity and a sedentary lifestyle has_been_linked_with/to an increased risk of heart disease.
肥胖和久坐不动的生活方式被认为会增加患心脏病的概率。
1．[句型公式] it作形式主语
(教材P56) It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other.
人们早就知道植物可以利用化学物质进行交流。
本句为主从复合句。句中It为形式主语，that引导的是主语从句。
常见的it作形式主语的情况有：(1)it 作形式主语，真正的主语是后面that引导的主语从句，常见的有：①It＋be＋形容词(obvious，possible，strange，natural，important ...)＋that从句；②It＋be＋过去分词(said，thought, known, believed, supposed, reported ...)＋that 从句；③It ＋不及物动词(seems, occurs, happens ...)＋that从句；④It＋be＋名词词组(a pity, an honour, no wonder ...)＋that从句。(2)特殊用法①在“It is strange/natural/important/necessary/essential ...＋that 从句”结构中，从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词为“(should)＋动词原形”，表示“去做某事”；②在“It is ＋suggested/desired/proposed/ recommended/ordered ...＋that从句”结构中，从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should)＋动词原形”。
(佳句)It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave.
很明显，咖啡馆里的经理在等李方离开。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①It is known (know) that the brain shrinks as the body ages，but the effects on mental ability are different from person to person.
②It is thought (think) that they'll be as popular as the Backstreet Boys in the near future.
③It is suggested (suggest) that we should try not to fall into our native language while having English classes.
[写美] 补全句子
④It_was_a_pity_that_ the weather was so bad.
天气这样恶劣，真遗憾。
2．[句型公式] so that ... 为了……，以便……
(教材P56)Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system, so that we can use it to grow crops without pesticides.
科学家希望能进一步了解这种植物报警系统，从而将其应用于不用使用农药的农作物的种植。
(1)so that... 引导目的状语从句，意为“为了……，以便……”，从句中常使用can/could/may/might/will/would/should等情态动词，从句之前不用逗号；(2)so that... 引导结果状语从句，意为“以至于；结果”，从句中一般不用情态动词，从句前常有逗号。
(佳句)Many athletes take part in the Olympic Games so that they can win glory for their homeland.
许多运动员参加奥运会是为了能为祖国赢得荣誉。
[练透] 补全句子
①He phoned me on arrival so_that_I_shouldn't_worry.
为了不让我担心，他一到达就给我打了电话。
②I gave you a map so_that_you_wouldn't_get_lost!
为了你不会迷路，我给过你一张地图！
[写美] 翻译句子
③好几个月没有下雨了，以至于土壤都干透了。
It_hasn't_rained_for_a_few_months,_so_that_the_soil_dries_out.
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12(共12张PPT)
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国题围Writing_an_observational_journal
[学范文·背佳句]——它山之石，可以攻玉
范文诠释 [教材原文] [名师论道]
Week 1 The daffodil bulbs have been planted side by side in soil, ①with the pointed ends facing up.Water ②has been added and the container was put in a cool，dark place.The bulbs are being watered regularly.Week 3A single stem has sprouted from each of the bulbs.On each stem are two leaves，③which are long and narrow with a waxy texture.The container has been moved to a sunny, but cool place.Week 6The stems have grown to around 20 centimetres tall ④and each has produced a single flower.The flowers are yellow and white，and shaped like trumpets. ①使用with复合结构作状语，使句式表达更加简洁。②使用被动语态，使表达富于变化。③使用非限制性定语从句，生动地描写出叶子的形态。④使用并列连词and连接上下两句话，使表达衔接自然、流畅。[学结构]前段生长周期所见或所做→中段生长周期所见或所做→后段生长周期所见或所做
佳句背诵 1.It grows 10 to 40 feet high and has enormous, broad green leaves that are sometimes 10 feet long.它长到10到40英尺高，有时有10英尺长的宽大的绿叶。2．Another stem, which grows through the hollow stem, bears the flowers and the fruits.另一根茎，长在中空的茎上，结出花朵和果实。3．As it grows it slowly unfolds and shows about 100 small blossoms, which are long and narrow and grow together in clusters or groups.随着它的生长，它慢慢地展开，开出大约100朵小花，这些花又长又窄，簇生在一起。4．On each stem are two leaves, which are long and narrow with a waxy texture.每个茎上有两片叶子，又长又窄，有如蜡一般的质地。5．Each bunch is called a “hand” because it looks almost like a hand with the separate bananas like fingers.每一串都被称为一只“手”，因为它看起来就像一只手，分开的香蕉就像手指一样。
[仿佳作·找差距]——巧借外力，事半功倍
[题目要求]
仔细观察下列有关竹子种植的图画，写一篇有关竹子成长的观察日记。
[仿写步骤]
Step 1 一仿结构布局合理
第一段：植物的前段生长周期所见或所做：在每个花盆的中央种上一粒种子，然后加水。把花盆放置在间接日照12～16小时的地方。给每个花盆每天浇水。芽从土里冒出来。
第二段：植物的中段生长周期所见或所做：茎上有几片又长又窄的叶子。花盆被放置在间接日照至少6小时的地方。
第三段：植物的后段生长周期所见或所做：茎已经长到大约30厘米高，每个茎上都有一些绿叶。竹子从花盆中移植到开阔的土壤中。竹子一周浇水2～3次。
Step 2 二仿语言规范美观
1．在每个花盆的中央种上一粒种子。(in the center of)
A_single_seed_has_been_planted_in_the_center_of_each_pot.
2．加水，把花盆放置在间接日照12～16小时的地方。这样做的目的是防止种子被晒伤。(add, protect ... from ..., 非限制性定语从句)
Water_has_been_added_and_the_pots_were_put_in_a_spot_with_12－16_hours_of_indirect_sunlight,_the_purpose_of_which_is_to_protect_the_seeds_from_burning.
3．每个花盆每天都浇水。(daily)
Each_pot_has_been_watered_daily.
4．茎上有几片叶子，叶子又长又窄。(倒装句)
On_the_stem_are_several_leaves,_which_are_long_and_narrow.
5．花盆被放置在间接日照至少6小时的地方。(at least)
The_pots_have_been_placed_in_a_location_with_at_least_6_hours_of_indirect_sunlight.
6．直接照射的阳光会灼伤竹子幼苗。(burn)
Direct_sun_will_burn_the_bamboo_seedlings.
7．确保植物得到半阳半阴的环境。(make sure)
Make_sure_that_the_plants_get_about_half_sun,_half_shade.
8．它的茎已经长到大约30厘米高，每个茎上都有许多绿叶。(a number of)
The_stems_have_grown_to_around_30_centimetres_tall_and_each_has_a_number_of_green_leaves.
9．竹子已经从花盆中移植到开阔的土壤中。(transplant)
The_bamboo_plants_have_been_transplanted_from_pots_to_open_soil.
10．新种的竹子每周要浇水2～3次。(被动语态)
The_new_bamboo_plants_are_watered_2－3_times_a_week.
Step 3 三仿句间过渡自然
1．把句6和句7用适当的连接词进行合理地过渡。
Direct_sun_will_burn_the_bamboo_seedlings，so_make_sure_that_the_plants_get_about_half_sun,_half_shade.
2．把句9和句10合并为并列句。
The_bamboo_plants_have_been_transplanted_from_pots_to_open_soil_and_the_new_bamboo_plants_are_watered_2－3_times_a_week.
Step 4 誊写
Week 1
A_single_seed_has_been_planted_in_the_center_of_each_pot.Water_has_been_added_and_the_pots_were_put_in_a_spot_with_12－16_hours_of_indirect_sunlight，the_purpose_of_which_is_to_protect_the_seeds_from_burning.Each_pot_has_been_watered_daily.Before_long,_the_sprouts_start_to_pop_out_of_the_soil.
Week 5
To_my_delight,_on_the_stem_are_several_leaves,_which_are_long_and_narrow.The_pots_have_been_placed_in_a_location_with_at_least_6_hours_of_indirect_sunlight.Direct_sun_will_burn_the_bamboo_seedlings,_so_make_sure_that_the_plants_get_about_half_sun,_half_shade.
Week 8
The_stems_have_grown_to_around_30_centimetres_tall_and_each_has_a_number_of_green_leaves.The_bamboo_plants_have_been_transplanted_from_pots_to_open_soil_and_the_new_bamboo_plants_are_watered_2－3_times_a_week.
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3(共12张PPT)
灯
单元复
与提升
species n.
物种
creature n.
生物，动物
动
beast n.
野兽，牲畜
dinosaur n.
恐龙
名称
panda n.
大熊猫
kangaroo n.
袋鼠
zebra n.
斑马
giraffe n.
长颈鹿
squirrel n.
松鼠
elephant n.
大象
人与动物
动物肢体部位
feather n.
羽毛
fur n.
毛皮；裘皮
wing n.
翅膀
tail n.
尾巴
claw n.
爪
shell n.
克
生态保护
ecology n.
生态，生态学
evolution n.
进化，演变
primitive adj.
原始的，远古的
biological diversity
生物多样性
keep the balance of nature保持生态平衡
raise the awareness of
提高…的意识
