Starting out & Understanding ideas
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
If the Olympic Games are a history of mankind，wrestling (摔跤) is the prologue (序幕)．When the ancient Games of the Olympic were born，wrestling was already an ancient game.Widely recognized as the world's oldest competitive sport，wrestling appeared in a series of Egyptian wall paintings as early as 5,000 years ago.When the ancient Olympic Games began in 776 BC，more than two thousand years later，it included wrestling and in the years that followed，wrestling featured as the main event.
The sport would return in a similar role when the Olympic Games returned after a 1,500 year absence in 1896.Organizers，seeking direct links to ancient times，found wrestling was very popular across much of the ancient world，from Greece，Assyria and Babylon to India，China and Japan.Greco Roman wrestling，a style which was believed to be passed down from the Greek and Roman wrestlers of old was brought back into use.
In Greco Roman wrestling，the wrestlers used only their arms and upper bodies to attack.They could hold only those same parts of their opponents (对手)．It worked nicely from a historical attitude，but another cheerful and relaxing style was sweeping across Great Britain and the United States by then.Known as“catch as catch can”，it had become popular at fairs and festivals in both countries.
In 1904，the Olympic Games added the second wrestling event and called it“freestyle”．Now，wrestlers could use their legs for pushing，lifting and tripping，and they could hold opponents above or below the waist.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“摔跤”这一奥运比赛项目有着悠久的历史。
1．The first ancient Games of the Olympiad were held almost years ago.
A．776 B．1,500
C．3,000 D．5,000
解析：选C 细节理解题。从第一段我们可以看出古奥运会是在公元前776年开始的，与C答案最接近。
2．What does the writer want to tell us by saying wrestling is the prologue
A．The ancient Olympic Games have a long history.
B．Wrestling was an important game in the ancient Olympic Games.
C．Wrestling is popular all the time.
D．Wrestling has a really long history.
解析：选D 推理判断题。整篇文章是在介绍摔跤的历史。在古奥运会举行之前，摔跤就已经作为一种运动形式存在了。作者说摔跤是人类历史的序幕，旨在说明摔跤作为一种运动有悠久的历史。
3．Why was Greco Roman wrestling brought back into use in 1896 when the Olympic Games returned
A．Because organizers wanted to find direct links to ancient times.
B．Because wrestling was very popular across much of the ancient world.
C．Because people believed it was passed down from the Greek and Roman wrestlers of old.
D．Because all of the above.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，A、B、C三项都是希腊—罗马式摔跤重新作为奥运项目的原因，故选D项。
4．Concerning wrestling，which of the following is WRONG
A．Wrestling has a longer history than the ancient Olympic Games.
B．In Greco Roman wrestling，wrestlers can only use their arms and upper bodies to attack.
C．In 1904，another kind of wrestling took the place of Greco Roman wrestling.
D．In Olympic Games，wrestlers can hold opponents above or below the waist now.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的In 1904，the Olympic Games added the second wrestling event and called it “freestyle”．可知，在1904年又增加了一种自由式摔跤比赛，并没有说取代了原来那种。
B
This is Ella Stevens who，at just 13 years old，is fighting for a chance to drive for the most famous team in Formula 1 (一级方程式赛车)—Ferrari.
This fall Stevens faces a series of challenges, on and off track at the Paul Ricard circuit in France，with the ultimate prize a place on the famous Ferrari Driver Academy as its first female racer.“It's a very good opportunity for me，”Ella，already a British karting champion，tells CNN.“We have to do a few fitness tests in the first phase so that they can see our driving.”
The Academy is，in fact，a breeding ground for future racing stars.Its current crop includes Mick Schumacher，the son of legendary Ferrari driver Michael，Enzo Fittipaldi，whose grandfather Emerson was a double F1 world champion，as well as Arthur Leclerc，the younger brother of Ferrari's current F1 racer Charles.
On the face of it，there's no place for a 13 year old girl from a small village in England — who already has a mountain to climb as a female in a sport still dominated by males.After all，a female has not raced in F1 for nearly 30 years，and just five women have taken part in a grand prix (大奖赛)．
But Stevens is being supported by a popular figure in the F1 community，Rob Smedley.He worked as a Ferrari engineer for more than a decade and is now teaching Stevens through his own Electroheads Talent Academy.
Smedley describes Ferrari's search for a potential female racer as a “huge step”．“Having a major player in the sport，with such a rich history as Ferrari, leading on this has to be applauded，” he tells CNN.“It's absolutely amazing that they want to do this and they're taking positive action to increase the gender diversity within the sport.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。年仅13岁的Ella Stevens正在争取机会进入一级方程式赛车中最著名的法拉利车队，并且有希望成为法拉利车队的第一个女赛车手。
5．What will Ella win after fighting off a series of challenges
A．She'll become a karting champion.
B．She'll drive for Ferrari in Formula 1.
C．She'll have to pass a few fitness test.
D．She'll become the first female racing champion.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，年仅13岁的Ella Stevens 正在争取机会进入一级方程式赛车中最著名的法拉利车队。由此可推知，她在赢得一系列挑战之后，会进入法拉利车队。
6．Why is Mick Schumacher mentioned in Paragraph 3
A．To make people believe he's a famous racing driver.
B．To show Ferriari Driver Academy is difficult to enter.
C．To introduce that he was once a double F1 world champion.
D．To prove Ferrari Driver Academy is home to the promising racing drivers.
解析：选D 推理判断题。第三段的主旨句是第一句话，后面的支撑性细节通过举例展开。因此，本段提到Mick Schumacher是为了证明主旨句，因此D项(为了证明法拉利车手学院是有前途的赛车手的家)与段落主旨一致。
7．What does the underlined word “dominated” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean
A．Won. B．Ruled.
C．Placed. D．Grasped.
解析：选B 词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的After all，a female has not raced in F1 for nearly 30 years，and just five women have taken part in a grand prix (大奖赛)．可知，已经有近30年没有女赛手参加过一级方程式赛事，仅有五名女性参加过大奖赛。由此推断，一级方程式赛车是一项由男性主宰的赛事。
8．What's the best title for the text
A．Ella Stevens：the First Female Racer
B．Ella Stevens：a Promising Racing Star
C．Formula 1—Ferrari：the World Top Race
D．Formula 1—Ferrari：a Race without Female
解析：选B 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了有望进入法拉利车队的女赛车手Ella Stevens，因此B项(Ella Stevens——一个有前途的赛车之星)适合作文章标题。
C
There are at least two types of escalator(自动扶梯) takers：walkers and standers.Walkers think that escalators exist to quicken their pace，while standers typically see them as moving rest stops.Walkers think standers prevent them from moving quickly，while standers see walkers as impatient passers by who rudely cut them off.
The truth is，though，that the general purpose of escalators is to direct and ease the flow of pedestrian traffic，not to speed our pace up or to enable laziness or inactivity.So the question whether it's the walkers or the standers who are in the right actually is not just a subjective matter of preference.Science can weigh in.
A 2013 study showed that 74.9 percent of pedestrians choose to stand on the escalator instead of walking.This is important because we need to consider the way that most people are choosing to move naturally when weighing efficiency.
Moreover，studies have also shown that someone standing needs，on average，a little over three square feet of space to feel psychologically comfortable，whereas a walking pedestrian needs more than eight square feet.What this means is that，from a strictly psychological point of view，an escalator can comfortably hold more than twice the number of standing pedestrians as walking pedestrians.
Finally，planners for London's public transit system recently found that by starting a “standing only” policy on their escalators，they were able to get a 27 percent increase in the hourly capacity (容量)．These results were compared against a model where both walkers and standers were given lanes on which they can move according to their preference.
This might sound contrary to common sense for the very reason that walkers can move faster on the escalator than standers，and so allowing at least some people to walk might seem to make sense.But of course，not all walkers move at the same pace，and this inconsistency causes traffic to build up in disorderly ways，which slows everyone down.However，when you have the escalator alone to yourself，walking is certainly more efficient in this case.When others are present，though，it's best for everyone if you just stand and be patient.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了在自动扶梯上站立和行走两种方式哪种更高效的问题。
9．Paragraph 1 is mainly about .
A．the functions of escalators
B．different ways to take escalators
C．impatient people on escalators
D．people's dissatisfaction with escalators
解析：选B 段落大意题。第一段介绍了两种乘坐自动扶梯的方式——站立和行走，然后分别介绍了两种乘坐自动扶梯的人对自动扶梯作用的看法以及对彼此的看法。由此推断B选项概括了段落主旨。
10．What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．Knowing the major preference.
B．Making a right choice.
C．Weighing efficiency.
D．Counting numbers.
解析：选A 代词指代题。根据画线词所在语境可知，考虑到坐自动扶梯的效率，我们需要考虑大多数人乘坐自动扶梯的方式，所以了解大多数人喜好的方式对提高效率是很重要的。
11．What does the author think of the “standing only”policy
A．Unreasonable. B．Significant.
C．Impractical. D．Controversial.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据文章第五段内容可知，在自动扶梯上只允许站立，不允许走动的政策可以增加自动扶梯的容量，所以对这个政策的评价应该是积极的，故选B项(有意义的)。
12．What is the main purpose of this text
A．To prove the convenience of escalators.
B．To show how escalators ease pedestrian traffic.
C．To tell the difference between standers and walkers.
D．To explain why we should stand on the escalator.
解析：选D 写作意图题。文章前两段提出人们乘坐自动扶梯的两种方式，并指出在自动扶梯上站立还是行走不仅仅是个人喜好的问题，而且有科学上的原因。然后从第三段开始，分别从效率、舒适度、容量三方面论述了在自动扶梯上要站立的原因。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
For the rest of March，a disease will sweep across the US.It will keep kids home from school. 1 Employees will suddenly lose their ability to concentrate.
The disease，known as “March Madness”，refers to the yearly 65 team US men's college basketball tournament. 2 Teams compete against each other in a single elimination (单局淘汰) tournament that eventually crowns a national champion.
Nearly 20 million Americans will find themselves prisoners of basketball festival madness.The fun comes partly from guessing the winners for every game.Friends compete against friends. 3 Colleagues against bosses.
Big name schools are usually favoured to advance into the tournament.But each year there are dark horses from little known universities.
This adds to the madness.Watching a team from a school with 3,000 students beat a team from a school with 30,000，for many Americans，is an exciting experience.Two years ago，the little known George Mason University was one of the final four teams. 4
College basketball players are not paid，so the game is more about making a name for their university and themselves. 5 About $4 billion will be spent gambling(赌) on the event.According to Media Life magazine，the event will bring in $500 million in advertising income this year，topping the post season income of every US professional league，including that of the NBA.
A．Husbands against wives.
B．The players will go all out for the games.
C．But that doesn't mean money isn't involved.
D．College students will ignore piles of homework.
E．People are willing to spend more money on watching it.
F．It begins on March 15 and lasts through the beginning of April.
G．Many people had never even heard of the university before the tournament.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国一年一度的大学生篮球联赛影响力非常大，无数的美国人为之疯狂。
1．选D 根据空格前后两句可知，这种“疾病”的影响很广，孩子不愿上学，员工无心工作。因此，此处应选D项(大学生无视他们的作业)。
2．选F 根据上一句可知，这种“疾病”实际上是全美大学生篮球赛，设空处应该介绍全美大学生篮球赛的时间，故选F项。
3．选A 根据空格前后两句可知，人们互相猜测谁是赢家，朋友之间互相打赌，夫妻之间、同事和老板之间互相打赌，故选A项。
4．选G 根据上一句中的the little known George Mason University可知，George Mason University在比赛前一点也不出名，故G项符合语境。
5．选C 根据上下文可知，大学篮球运动员没有报酬，参加比赛更多是为了学校和他们自己赢得名气，但是花在赌球上的钱约有40亿，广告收入达到了5亿。由此可知，此处应选C项(但这并不意味着比赛与钱无关)承上启下。
PAGE
6Starting out & Understanding ideas
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
If the Olympic Games are a history of mankind，wrestling (摔跤) is the prologue (序幕)．When the ancient Games of the Olympic were born，wrestling was already an ancient game.Widely recognized as the world's oldest competitive sport，wrestling appeared in a series of Egyptian wall paintings as early as 5,000 years ago.When the ancient Olympic Games began in 776 BC，more than two thousand years later，it included wrestling and in the years that followed，wrestling featured as the main event.
The sport would return in a similar role when the Olympic Games returned after a 1,500 year absence in 1896.Organizers，seeking direct links to ancient times，found wrestling was very popular across much of the ancient world，from Greece，Assyria and Babylon to India，China and Japan.Greco Roman wrestling，a style which was believed to be passed down from the Greek and Roman wrestlers of old was brought back into use.
In Greco Roman wrestling，the wrestlers used only their arms and upper bodies to attack.They could hold only those same parts of their opponents (对手)．It worked nicely from a historical attitude，but another cheerful and relaxing style was sweeping across Great Britain and the United States by then.Known as“catch as catch can”，it had become popular at fairs and festivals in both countries.
In 1904，the Olympic Games added the second wrestling event and called it“freestyle”．Now，wrestlers could use their legs for pushing，lifting and tripping，and they could hold opponents above or below the waist.
1．The first ancient Games of the Olympiad were held almost years ago.
A．776 B．1,500
C．3,000 D．5,000
2．What does the writer want to tell us by saying wrestling is the prologue
A．The ancient Olympic Games have a long history.
B．Wrestling was an important game in the ancient Olympic Games.
C．Wrestling is popular all the time.
D．Wrestling has a really long history.
3．Why was Greco Roman wrestling brought back into use in 1896 when the Olympic Games returned
A．Because organizers wanted to find direct links to ancient times.
B．Because wrestling was very popular across much of the ancient world.
C．Because people believed it was passed down from the Greek and Roman wrestlers of old.
D．Because all of the above.
4．Concerning wrestling，which of the following is WRONG
A．Wrestling has a longer history than the ancient Olympic Games.
B．In Greco Roman wrestling，wrestlers can only use their arms and upper bodies to attack.
C．In 1904，another kind of wrestling took the place of Greco Roman wrestling.
D．In Olympic Games，wrestlers can hold opponents above or below the waist now.
B
This is Ella Stevens who，at just 13 years old，is fighting for a chance to drive for the most famous team in Formula 1 (一级方程式赛车)—Ferrari.
This fall Stevens faces a series of challenges, on and off track at the Paul Ricard circuit in France，with the ultimate prize a place on the famous Ferrari Driver Academy as its first female racer.“It's a very good opportunity for me，”Ella，already a British karting champion，tells CNN.“We have to do a few fitness tests in the first phase so that they can see our driving.”
The Academy is，in fact，a breeding ground for future racing stars.Its current crop includes Mick Schumacher，the son of legendary Ferrari driver Michael，Enzo Fittipaldi，whose grandfather Emerson was a double F1 world champion，as well as Arthur Leclerc，the younger brother of Ferrari's current F1 racer Charles.
On the face of it，there's no place for a 13 year old girl from a small village in England — who already has a mountain to climb as a female in a sport still dominated by males.After all，a female has not raced in F1 for nearly 30 years，and just five women have taken part in a grand prix (大奖赛)．
But Stevens is being supported by a popular figure in the F1 community，Rob Smedley.He worked as a Ferrari engineer for more than a decade and is now teaching Stevens through his own Electroheads Talent Academy.
Smedley describes Ferrari's search for a potential female racer as a “huge step”．“Having a major player in the sport，with such a rich history as Ferrari, leading on this has to be applauded，” he tells CNN.“It's absolutely amazing that they want to do this and they're taking positive action to increase the gender diversity within the sport.”
5．What will Ella win after fighting off a series of challenges
A．She'll become a karting champion.
B．She'll drive for Ferrari in Formula 1.
C．She'll have to pass a few fitness test.
D．She'll become the first female racing champion.
6．Why is Mick Schumacher mentioned in Paragraph 3
A．To make people believe he's a famous racing driver.
B．To show Ferriari Driver Academy is difficult to enter.
C．To introduce that he was once a double F1 world champion.
D．To prove Ferrari Driver Academy is home to the promising racing drivers.
7．What does the underlined word “dominated” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean
A．Won. B．Ruled.
C．Placed. D．Grasped.
8．What's the best title for the text
A．Ella Stevens：the First Female Racer
B．Ella Stevens：a Promising Racing Star
C．Formula 1—Ferrari：the World Top Race
D．Formula 1—Ferrari：a Race without Female
C
There are at least two types of escalator(自动扶梯) takers：walkers and standers.Walkers think that escalators exist to quicken their pace，while standers typically see them as moving rest stops.Walkers think standers prevent them from moving quickly，while standers see walkers as impatient passers by who rudely cut them off.
The truth is，though，that the general purpose of escalators is to direct and ease the flow of pedestrian traffic，not to speed our pace up or to enable laziness or inactivity.So the question whether it's the walkers or the standers who are in the right actually is not just a subjective matter of preference.Science can weigh in.
A 2013 study showed that 74.9 percent of pedestrians choose to stand on the escalator instead of walking.This is important because we need to consider the way that most people are choosing to move naturally when weighing efficiency.
Moreover，studies have also shown that someone standing needs，on average，a little over three square feet of space to feel psychologically comfortable，whereas a walking pedestrian needs more than eight square feet.What this means is that，from a strictly psychological point of view，an escalator can comfortably hold more than twice the number of standing pedestrians as walking pedestrians.
Finally，planners for London's public transit system recently found that by starting a “standing only” policy on their escalators，they were able to get a 27 percent increase in the hourly capacity (容量)．These results were compared against a model where both walkers and standers were given lanes on which they can move according to their preference.
This might sound contrary to common sense for the very reason that walkers can move faster on the escalator than standers，and so allowing at least some people to walk might seem to make sense.But of course，not all walkers move at the same pace，and this inconsistency causes traffic to build up in disorderly ways，which slows everyone down.However，when you have the escalator alone to yourself，walking is certainly more efficient in this case.When others are present，though，it's best for everyone if you just stand and be patient.
9．Paragraph 1 is mainly about .
A．the functions of escalators
B．different ways to take escalators
C．impatient people on escalators
D．people's dissatisfaction with escalators
10．What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．Knowing the major preference.
B．Making a right choice.
C．Weighing efficiency.
D．Counting numbers.
11．What does the author think of the “standing only”policy
A．Unreasonable. B．Significant.
C．Impractical. D．Controversial.
12．What is the main purpose of this text
A．To prove the convenience of escalators.
B．To show how escalators ease pedestrian traffic.
C．To tell the difference between standers and walkers.
D．To explain why we should stand on the escalator.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
For the rest of March，a disease will sweep across the US.It will keep kids home from school. 1 Employees will suddenly lose their ability to concentrate.
The disease，known as “March Madness”，refers to the yearly 65 team US men's college basketball tournament. 2 Teams compete against each other in a single elimination (单局淘汰) tournament that eventually crowns a national champion.
Nearly 20 million Americans will find themselves prisoners of basketball festival madness.The fun comes partly from guessing the winners for every game.Friends compete against friends. 3 Colleagues against bosses.
Big name schools are usually favoured to advance into the tournament.But each year there are dark horses from little known universities.
This adds to the madness.Watching a team from a school with 3,000 students beat a team from a school with 30,000，for many Americans，is an exciting experience.Two years ago，the little known George Mason University was one of the final four teams. 4
College basketball players are not paid，so the game is more about making a name for their university and themselves. 5 About $4 billion will be spent gambling(赌) on the event.According to Media Life magazine，the event will bring in $500 million in advertising income this year，topping the post season income of every US professional league，including that of the NBA.
A．Husbands against wives.
B．The players will go all out for the games.
C．But that doesn't mean money isn't involved.
D．College students will ignore piles of homework.
E．People are willing to spend more money on watching it.
F．It begins on March 15 and lasts through the beginning of April.
G．Many people had never even heard of the university before the tournament.
PAGE
6Using language
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
This activity will melt away the pounds，build up your body and leave you on an emotional high.Yet the form of exercise destined to become the fitness trend of the year does not require gym membership or a personal trainer.All you need to do is walk.
“Walking is a refreshing alternative to complicated aerobic (有氧的) routines and overpriced gym membership，”says personal trainer Lucy Knight，the author of a new book on the exercise.“It is free，enjoyable and already a part of everyday life.All you need to do is correct your technique，and walk faster and longer，and you will lose weight.” Scientists at the University of Pittsburgh recently revealed that overweight people who walked briskly (轻快地) for 30 to 60 minutes a day would lose weight even if they didn't change any other living habits.Another American study found that people who walked for at least four hours a week gained less weight than couch potatoes as they got older.Researchers at the University of Massachusetts Medical School found that people who walked every day had fewer colds than those who sat a lot.Best of all，walking makes you feel good about yourself.“For people suffering from depression，walking three to four times a week for 30 minutes has been shown to lift their mood，” says Knight.
How will you lose weight and keep healthy？Health experts recommend that we should walk 10,000 steps a day to stay healthy.Actually you would probably need to walk at least 16,000 steps a day to lose weight.“Your workout plans depend on your level of fitness.You should aim to progress by increasing your walk by five minutes every two weeks，and walk a bit faster.In just three months，the results would speak for themselves，” says Knight.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。竞走能减轻你的体重，锻炼你的身体，让你情绪高涨，而且不需要健身房会员或私人教练！
1．What is the latest fitness trend according to the passage
A．Brisk walking.
B．Losing weight.
C．Working out in a gym.
D．Exercising with a personal trainer.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，最新的锻炼趋势是竞走。
2．What does the underlined word “overpriced” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Expensive. B．Worthy.
C．Prepaid. D．Discountable.
解析：选A 词义猜测题。对于复杂的有氧运动和昂贵的健身房会员来说，竞走是一个令人耳目一新的选择。根据语境和常识可知，健身房会员是昂贵的。此处分析画线词的构成也可以猜测出词义。over 作为前缀表示“超过，过于”，price意为“价格”，故overpriced“价格过高的”与A项含义最为接近。
3．What can we learn from the studies and researches mentioned in the passage
A．Walking is gaining increasing popularity.
B．Walking benefits people in different aspects.
C．Walking is an enjoyable way to lose weight.
D．Walking involves different groups of people.
解析：选B 推理判断题。第二段中提到的科学研究分别介绍了竞走可以减肥，少患感冒，提升个人情绪等。由此可推知，文章提这些调查研究的作用在于介绍竞走对人们的诸多好处。
4．Which of the following statements can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．10,000 steps a day is needed for weight loss.
B．The effect of walking is noticeable over time.
C．Your fitness level depends on your health experts.
D．Changing the walking time every day is necessary.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，健康专家建议我们每天步行10,000步来保持健康。事实上，你可能需要每天走至少16,000步才能减肥。你还应该通过每两周增加5分钟步行时间的方法来达到进步的目标，并且走得更快一点。三个月后，最终的结果就会证明步行会有很好的效果的。由此可见，随着时间的推移，竞走的好处自会显现出来。
B
“Our aim is to take our art to the world and make people understand what it is to move，” said David Belle, the founder of parkour.
Do you love running It is a good exercise, yet many people find it boring. But what if making your morning jog a creative one Like jumping from walls and over gaps, and ground rolls Just like James Bond in the movie Casino Royale Bond jumps down from a roof to a windowsill and then runs several blocks over obstacles on the way. It is just because of Bond's wonderful performances that the sport has become popular worldwide.
Yes, that's parkour, an extreme street sport aimed at moving from one point to another as quickly as possible, getting over all the barriers in the path using only the abilities of the human body. Parkour is considered an extreme sport. As its participants dash around a city, they may jump over fences, run up walls and even move from rooftop to rooftop.
Parkour can be just as exciting and charming as it sounds, but its participants see parkour much more than that.
Overcoming all the obstacles on the course and in life is part of the philosophy behind parkour. This is the same as life. You must determine your destination, go straight, jump over all the barriers as if in parkour and never fall back in your life, to reach the destination successfully. A parkour lover said, “I love parkour because its philosophy has become my life, my way to do everything.”
Another philosophy we've learnt from parkour is freedom. It can be done by anyone, at any time, anywhere in the world. It is a kind of expression of trust in yourself.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“跑酷”这项运动以及这项运动体现的人生哲学。
5．Parkour has become popular throughout the world because of .
A．its founder, David Belle
B．the film, Casino Royale
C．its risks and tricks
D．the varieties of participants
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，在电影《皇家赌场》里，邦德从屋顶跳到窗台上，然后越过几个障碍物，跑过几个街区。其精彩表演使得“跑酷”这项运动风靡全球。
6．The underlined word “obstacles” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to “ ”．
A．streets B．objects
C．barriers D．roofs
解析：选C 词义猜测题。该词前的over意为“从……上面越过”。结合选项，C选项“障碍”最符合语境：邦德从屋顶跳到窗台上，然后越过几个障碍物，跑过几个街区。
7．Which of the following is TRUE of parkour
A．It challenges human abilities.
B．It is a good but boring sport.
C．It needs special training.
D．It is a team sport.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可知，跑酷是一种极限运动，其目的是尽可能快地从一个点移动到另一个点，只利用人体的能力越过道路上的所有障碍。由此推知，跑酷运动挑战了人们的能力。
8．What can be the best title for the passage
A．Overcoming Obstacles
B．Philosophies behind Parkour
C．Joining Us in Parkour
D．Getting to Know Parkour
解析：选D 标题归纳题。文章介绍了“跑酷”这项运动以及这项运动体现的人生哲学。结合选项，D 项(逐渐了解跑酷)适合作文章标题。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Our 13 year old son won a local “Hoop (篮圈) Shooting” competition and entered the regional competition.So on Saturday morning we headed down to Green Bay，Wisconsin for an 1 to move forward to the state championships.
In the competition，my son 2 waited his turn.Nearly an hour later，he went to the hoops.His first basket was a 3 .We could see the frustration (沮丧) in his eyes.He tried 4 to shoot another hoop.Then another failure.But he continued.Finally，he 5 to shoot a few balls and scored 20 points.My son 6 from his hoop，frustrated and disappointed，being 7 that he didn't make it because there were several guys getting over 40 points，already 8 his.
If it had been up to our son to decide，he would have left before watching the game and 9 himself in our hotel.Instead，we took this chance to help him 10 his disappointment：giving him time for frustration and then sharing our opinion on this 11 .We told him：It's because of his earlier 12 that we were able to watch this game；it's 13 to fail.We all fail at some point in our lives.We were proud of him though he didn't receive the prize.
In the end，we 14 ，watched the game，and had a great time！When you are 15 by life，don't let it keep you down.As the old saying goes，“When life hands you lemons，make lemonade！”
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者的儿子在投篮比赛中失利，这让他感到非常沮丧，作者夫妇利用这一契机对他进行开导，让他明白：失败并不可怕，关键是不要被失败击倒。
1．A.invitation B．instruction
C．announcement D．opportunity
解析：选D 根据语境可知，作者他们赶往Green Bay是为了获得进入州锦标赛的机会。
2．A.anxiously B．desperately
C．casually D．politely
解析：选A 作者的儿子焦急地等待着。
3．A.success B．burden
C．shame D．miss
解析：选D 根据下文中的We could see the frustration (沮丧) in his eyes.及another failure可知，作者儿子的第一个球没有投进(miss)。
4．A.in vain B．on purpose
C．by accident D．in public
解析：选A 根据下文中的Then another failure.可知，作者的儿子又投了一次，仍然没有命中。in vain白费力气，符合语境。
5．A.expected B．attempted
C．managed D．offered
解析：选C 根据下文中的scored 20 points可知，作者的儿子最后成功地投进了一些球。manage完成，勉力完成，符合语境。
6．A.recovered B．withdrew
C．excused D．dismissed
解析：选B 根据语境可知，作者的儿子在完成自己的比赛后，沮丧、失望地离开了球场。withdraw(使)撤回，撤离，符合语境。
7．A.relieved B．astonished
C．aware D．doubtful
解析：选C 他知道自己赢不了了，因为有几个孩子得分超过40，已经是他得分的两倍。aware知道，意识到，明白，符合语境。
8．A.improving B．doubling
C．guessing D．ignoring
解析：选B 参见上题解析。double是……的两倍。
9．A.cheered B．encouraged
C．blamed D．trained
解析：选C 如果由儿子自己决定的话，他在观看比赛之前就会离开，回到宾馆里责怪(blamed)自己。
10．A.work through B．carry out
C．go over D．reflect on
解析：选A 但是作者他们并没有让儿子按照自己的想法做，而是利用这次机会帮助他从失望的情绪中走出来。work through调整(情绪)，符合语境。
11．A.occasion B．practice
C．dilemma D．situation
解析：选D 作者夫妇先是给了儿子沮丧的时间，然后分享了他们对目前这种情况的看法。situation情况，局面，符合语境。
12．A.arrangement B．accomplishment
C．preparation D．persuasion
解析：选B 根据上文中的Our 13 year old son won a local “Hoop(篮圈) Shooting” competition and entered the regional competition.可知，作者夫妇告诉儿子正是因为他之前取得的成就，他们才能来看这个比赛。accomplishment成就，成绩，符合语境。
13．A.acceptable B．easy
C．awkward D．annoying
解析：选A 根据下文中的We all fail at some point in our lives.可知，失败没什么，在生活中的某个时候我们都会经历失败。acceptable可以接受的，符合语境。
14．A.remained B．left
C．agreed D．arrived
解析：选A 根据下文中的watched the game，and had a great time可知，作者他们最后留了下来，看了比赛，玩得很开心。remain逗留，不离去，符合语境。
15．A.acknowledged B．welcomed
C．teased D．defeated
解析：选D 根据下文中的When life hands you lemons，make lemonade！可知，此处指当你被生活击败的时候，不要沮丧。defeat击败，符合语境。
Ⅲ.语法填空
When it comes to your brain，researchers have found there's no better superfood than a book.According to the data 1 (collect) by the University of Michigan's Health and Retirement Study，a 2 (hope) pattern came out：people who read books for as little as 30 minutes a day over several years were living an average of two years 3 (long) than people who didn't read anything at all.
Strange still，as science reminds us，reading books — especially fiction — 4 (force) your brain to think critically and make 5 (connection) from one chapter to another，and to the outside world.Also，reading stories can lead to a noticeable increase in human interaction， 6 in turn can lower stress levels.
But it doesn't mean that magazines，newspapers and web articles are useless.Any reading material that fills your mind and enlarges your vocabulary seems 7 (carry) mental benefits.Therefore，whether you're reading a page turner or simply scanning 8 instruction for your coffee maker，many parts of your brain 9 (involve) in positive thinking.Still not inspired to give 10 a try
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，阅读益处多多，建议读者多读书。
1．collected 分析句子结构可知，collect和其逻辑主语the data构成动宾关系，与介词by相呼应，故填其过去分词collected。
2．hopeful 修饰名词一般用形容词，所以用形容词hopeful修饰名词pattern，在句子中作定语。
3．longer 根据语境中的比较级标志than可知，此处表示比较的含义，故填longer。
4．forces 根据语境可知，此处叙述客观情况，应用一般现在时；且主语为动名词短语reading books，句子谓语用单数形式，故填forces。
5．connections connection是可数名词，与该句中的from one chapter to another相呼应，表示复数概念，且其前无限定词修饰，故填connections。
6．which 分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰前面的整个句子，故用which来引导该从句。
7．to carry seem to do sth.为固定用法，此处用不定式作宾语，故填to carry。
8．an instruction意为“操作指南”时是可数名词，且第一次在语境中出现，故用不定冠词修饰，表示泛指，且其发音以元音音素开头，故填an。
9．are involved 根据语境可知，此处描述客观情况，应用一般现在时；且主语many parts of your brain为复数，be involved in“涉及，参与”符合语境，故填are involved。
10．it 空处表示对本文主题“阅读”的再次点题，give it a try 试一试，为固定搭配，故填代词it。
PAGE
7Using language
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
This activity will melt away the pounds，build up your body and leave you on an emotional high.Yet the form of exercise destined to become the fitness trend of the year does not require gym membership or a personal trainer.All you need to do is walk.
“Walking is a refreshing alternative to complicated aerobic (有氧的) routines and overpriced gym membership，”says personal trainer Lucy Knight，the author of a new book on the exercise.“It is free，enjoyable and already a part of everyday life.All you need to do is correct your technique，and walk faster and longer，and you will lose weight.” Scientists at the University of Pittsburgh recently revealed that overweight people who walked briskly (轻快地) for 30 to 60 minutes a day would lose weight even if they didn't change any other living habits.Another American study found that people who walked for at least four hours a week gained less weight than couch potatoes as they got older.Researchers at the University of Massachusetts Medical School found that people who walked every day had fewer colds than those who sat a lot.Best of all，walking makes you feel good about yourself.“For people suffering from depression，walking three to four times a week for 30 minutes has been shown to lift their mood，” says Knight.
How will you lose weight and keep healthy？Health experts recommend that we should walk 10,000 steps a day to stay healthy.Actually you would probably need to walk at least 16,000 steps a day to lose weight.“Your workout plans depend on your level of fitness.You should aim to progress by increasing your walk by five minutes every two weeks，and walk a bit faster.In just three months，the results would speak for themselves，” says Knight.
1．What is the latest fitness trend according to the passage
A．Brisk walking.
B．Losing weight.
C．Working out in a gym.
D．Exercising with a personal trainer.
2．What does the underlined word “overpriced” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Expensive. B．Worthy.
C．Prepaid. D．Discountable.
3．What can we learn from the studies and researches mentioned in the passage
A．Walking is gaining increasing popularity.
B．Walking benefits people in different aspects.
C．Walking is an enjoyable way to lose weight.
D．Walking involves different groups of people.
4．Which of the following statements can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．10,000 steps a day is needed for weight loss.
B．The effect of walking is noticeable over time.
C．Your fitness level depends on your health experts.
D．Changing the walking time every day is necessary.
B
“Our aim is to take our art to the world and make people understand what it is to move，” said David Belle, the founder of parkour.
Do you love running It is a good exercise, yet many people find it boring. But what if making your morning jog a creative one Like jumping from walls and over gaps, and ground rolls Just like James Bond in the movie Casino Royale Bond jumps down from a roof to a windowsill and then runs several blocks over obstacles on the way. It is just because of Bond's wonderful performances that the sport has become popular worldwide.
Yes, that's parkour, an extreme street sport aimed at moving from one point to another as quickly as possible, getting over all the barriers in the path using only the abilities of the human body. Parkour is considered an extreme sport. As its participants dash around a city, they may jump over fences, run up walls and even move from rooftop to rooftop.
Parkour can be just as exciting and charming as it sounds, but its participants see parkour much more than that.
Overcoming all the obstacles on the course and in life is part of the philosophy behind parkour. This is the same as life. You must determine your destination, go straight, jump over all the barriers as if in parkour and never fall back in your life, to reach the destination successfully. A parkour lover said, “I love parkour because its philosophy has become my life, my way to do everything.”
Another philosophy we've learnt from parkour is freedom. It can be done by anyone, at any time, anywhere in the world. It is a kind of expression of trust in yourself.
5．Parkour has become popular throughout the world because of .
A．its founder, David Belle
B．the film, Casino Royale
C．its risks and tricks
D．the varieties of participants
6．The underlined word “obstacles” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to “ ”．
A．streets B．objects
C．barriers D．roofs
7．Which of the following is TRUE of parkour
A．It challenges human abilities.
B．It is a good but boring sport.
C．It needs special training.
D．It is a team sport.
8．What can be the best title for the passage
A．Overcoming Obstacles
B．Philosophies behind Parkour
C．Joining Us in Parkour
D．Getting to Know Parkour
Ⅱ.完形填空
Our 13 year old son won a local “Hoop (篮圈) Shooting” competition and entered the regional competition.So on Saturday morning we headed down to Green Bay，Wisconsin for an 1 to move forward to the state championships.
In the competition，my son 2 waited his turn.Nearly an hour later，he went to the hoops.His first basket was a 3 .We could see the frustration (沮丧) in his eyes.He tried 4 to shoot another hoop.Then another failure.But he continued.Finally，he 5 to shoot a few balls and scored 20 points.My son 6 from his hoop，frustrated and disappointed，being 7 that he didn't make it because there were several guys getting over 40 points，already 8 his.
If it had been up to our son to decide，he would have left before watching the game and 9 himself in our hotel.Instead，we took this chance to help him 10 his disappointment：giving him time for frustration and then sharing our opinion on this 11 .We told him：It's because of his earlier 12 that we were able to watch this game；it's 13 to fail.We all fail at some point in our lives.We were proud of him though he didn't receive the prize.
In the end，we 14 ，watched the game，and had a great time！When you are 15 by life，don't let it keep you down.As the old saying goes，“When life hands you lemons，make lemonade！”
1．A.invitation B．instruction
C．announcement D．opportunity
2．A.anxiously B．desperately
C．casually D．politely
3．A.success B．burden
C．shame D．miss
4．A.in vain B．on purpose
C．by accident D．in public
5．A.expected B．attempted
C．managed D．offered
6．A.recovered B．withdrew
C．excused D．dismissed
7．A.relieved B．astonished
C．aware D．doubtful
8．A.improving B．doubling
C．guessing D．ignoring
9．A.cheered B．encouraged
C．blamed D．trained
10．A.work through B．carry out
C．go over D．reflect on
11．A.occasion B．practice
C．dilemma D．situation
12．A.arrangement B．accomplishment
C．preparation D．persuasion
13．A.acceptable B．easy
C．awkward D．annoying
14．A.remained B．left
C．agreed D．arrived
15．A.acknowledged B．welcomed
C．teased D．defeated
Ⅲ.语法填空
When it comes to your brain，researchers have found there's no better superfood than a book.According to the data 1 (collect) by the University of Michigan's Health and Retirement Study，a 2 (hope) pattern came out：people who read books for as little as 30 minutes a day over several years were living an average of two years 3 (long) than people who didn't read anything at all.
Strange still，as science reminds us，reading books — especially fiction — 4 (force) your brain to think critically and make 5 (connection) from one chapter to another，and to the outside world.Also，reading stories can lead to a noticeable increase in human interaction， 6 in turn can lower stress levels.
But it doesn't mean that magazines，newspapers and web articles are useless.Any reading material that fills your mind and enlarges your vocabulary seems 7 (carry) mental benefits.Therefore，whether you're reading a page turner or simply scanning 8 instruction for your coffee maker，many parts of your brain 9 (involve) in positive thinking.Still not inspired to give 10 a try
PAGE
7Developing ideas
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
When I was young，I loved going for a trail (小路) run.It was my favourite way to escape stress.So，when I was back in my hometown after a tough first year of my Ph.D.program，I thought a trail run was just what I needed.But instead of helping me relax，the run did just the opposite.
After I moved to the city for college，where my runs were on flat concrete paths instead of winding dirt trails，I used a GPS watch.When I went for a trail run again in the country，the watch constantly reminded me of the fact that I wasn't keeping up my usual pace.I turned my watch off，thinking that would allow me to enjoy my surroundings and find the peace I expected，but I still worried that I was underperforming.“Why can't I let go and just enjoy myself？” I wondered.After some introspection (反省)，I realised why I was struggling — both on trail runs and in graduate school.
When starting my Ph.D.，I had thought that my solid postgraduate track record would set me up for instant success.To my surprise，I was wrong.I lacked confidence in my research abilities which I thought stopped me performing well and I constantly felt my progress was too slow.Other students' self confidence and their excellent results made me feel insecure.Finally，one day I broke down in tears in my tutor's office.
Then came my visiting home.I was having trouble because I hadn't properly adjusted my expectations to the differences between an urban run and a trail run.
A Ph.D. is like a trail run.Sometimes you can run fast.Sometimes you might find yourself climbing up a steep，winding trail at a snail's pace.But that's OK.Barriers are unavoidable，and success looks and feels different on a challenging trail than it does on a smooth，flat path.Sometimes it's best to take a deep breath and do your best to meet the challenge.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。通过在乡间小路跑步这件小事，作者明白了自己在读博的道路上遇到的问题应该如何解决。
1．How did the author feel when he went for a trail run again
A．Relaxed. B．Tired.
C．Anxious. D．Happy.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句以及第二段中的but I still worried that I was underperforming可知，再次到乡间小路上跑步让作者焦虑不安。
2．What resulted in the author's poor performance in the Ph.D.
A．His lack of hard work.
B．His lack of confidence.
C．His poor research abilities.
D．His poor track record.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的I lacked confidence in my research abilities which I thought stopped me performing well and I constantly felt my progress was too slow.可知，因为缺乏自信心，作者在读博时的表现不够好。
3．What does the author want to show in the last paragraph
A．His desire for success.
B．His confidence in trail runs.
C．His expectations in his study.
D．His realization after the trail run.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者意识到攻读博士学位就像在乡间小路上跑步一样，途中你可能遇到不同的情况，需要自己作出调整以适应不同情况。
4．What does the author want to tell us
A．Failure is the mother of success.
B．Working out regularly is beneficial.
C．It is vital to turn to others for help.
D．It's important to make necessary adjustments.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的adjusted my expectations to the differences和最后一段的表述并结合文章其他内容可知，作者在攻读博士学位的过程中遇到了问题，在一次乡间小路上跑步之后，作者领悟到取得博士学位就像在乡间小路上跑步一样，可能会遇到不同的情况，需要作出调整，以适应形势。
B
Heads up！Across the country，sports injuries are a safety concern for young athletes.Now，the American Medical Association(AMA) has a new set of guidelines aimed at protecting players from the danger of concussions — serious injuries caused by a blow to the head.
“By raising awareness of the serious risks associated with concussions and ensuring that the appropriate guidelines are in place，we can reduce the number of young athletes who may return to the game too soon，which can put their health at further risk，” said AMA Board Member Jack Resneck Jr.，M.D.，in a statement.
The policy recommends that young athletes who may have a concussion be taken off the field as soon as possible.Then，they are only to return to their sport with a doctor's written approval.The policy also sets age specific rules for health care professionals and athletic organizations in evaluating and caring for concussions.
According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)，a concussion is a type of traumatic (创伤) brain injury caused by a bump，blow，or jolt to the head or hit to the body that causes the head and brain to move rapidly back and forth.This type of movement can cause the brain to bounce around or twist inside the skull(颅骨)．It can damage brain cells and create chemical changes in the brain.
The CDC says that between 1.6 million and 3.8 million traumatic brain injuries caused by sports and recreation related activities occur in the US every year.A study from the Center for Injury Research and Policy showed that as many as 40% of high school athletes return to playing before they should.The AMA's new guidelines should help to bring those numbers down.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了美国医学协会制定了一套新的指导方针，旨在保护运动员免受脑震荡带来的危险。
5．Why does the AMA set the new guidelines
A．To raise safety standards of sports.
B．To protect athletes from concussions.
C．To set rules for health care evaluation.
D．To help players return to the game quickly.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知，美国医学协会制定新的指导方针，旨在保护运动员免受脑震荡带来的危险。
6．What should young athletes who may have a concussion do
A．Avoid using the head.
B．Leave the field forever.
C．Get treatment in time.
D．Switch to another sport.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可知，让受伤的运动员尽快离开赛场，其目的是尽快去医院接受治疗。
7．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A．What a concussion is.
B．What causes damage to brain cells.
C．How the CDC works.
D．How a concussion can be prevented.
解析：选A 段落大意题。根据第四段中的a concussion is a type of 可知，本段主要介绍了脑震荡是什么。
8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．New Guidelines for Avoiding Concussions
B．Sports Injuries in the US
C．Advice to Athletes
D．New Policies for Doctors
解析：选A 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了美国医学协会制定了一套新的指导方针，旨在保护运动员免受脑震荡带来的危险。因此A项适合作文章标题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
It is not as simple as opening the door and hitting the track in winter.There are a few things you can do to make sure that you are getting the most out of your run，and，importantly，not doing more harm than good.
Warm up，cool down
1 .Your muscles need some time to warm up when it's cold，so take it easy when you set off and do a few stretches once you're finished.
Drink water
You might not feel hot，but that's because sweat evaporates (蒸发) more quickly into the chilly，dry air.So be sure to drink water before，during and after cold weather workouts. 2 .A belt bottle is conveniently attached to your waist so you don't have to carry it and can have a drink whenever you feel like it.
3
Running in cotton is a bad idea.Wear thin，breathable layers of synthetic (合成的) clothing that help protect you from the wind and snow，but still let out heat and moisture (水分)．Thirty percent of your body heat escapes through your hands and forty percent through your head.Wear a hat，or beanie (无檐小便帽)，and gloves so your circulatory system can distribute warm blood to the rest of your body. 4 .
Run into the wind
5 .Obviously，it will be an easier passage home with some extra help from Mother Nature.But，more importantly，you won't have the wind in your face for the second half of your run，when you are more likely to be sweating and catch a chill.
A．Dress right
B．Keep warm
C．Don't go too fast，too soon
D．Start and finish in the same way
E．Don't wait to drink water until you feel thirsty
F．Head out into the wind and come home with it at your back
G．On really cold days，wear a mask or a scarf over your mouth to protect your face
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在寒冷的天气中运动的几点注意事项。
1．选C 根据空后内容“当天气冷的时候，你的肌肉需要一些时间来热身，所以当你出发的时候放松一下，完成后做一些伸展运动”可知，C项(不要走得太快、太早)符合语境。
2．选E 根据小标题Drink water和空后的A belt bottle is conveniently attached to your waist so you don't have to carry it and can have a drink whenever you feel like it.可知，E项(不要等到渴了再喝水)符合语境。
3．选A 本段都是在介绍运动时合适的穿着，故A项(恰当地穿戴)符合语境，适合作本段小标题。
4．选G 根据本段内容可知，在寒冷的冬天，除了穿上合适的衣服，戴上帽子，还可以戴上口罩或围巾来保护自己的脸。所以G项(在非常寒冷的日子里，戴上口罩或围巾来保护你的脸)符合语境。
5．选F 根据本段小标题Run into the wind和下文的you won't have the wind in your face for the second half of your run，when you are more likely to be sweating and catch a chill可知，在你跑步的后半段，当你更有可能出汗和受凉的时候，你的脸不能迎着风。所以F项(逆风运动，顺风回家)符合语境。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
心理健康对我们非常重要， 决定着我们的生活质量。请以How to Keep Mental Health为题写一篇英语文章， 向校报投稿。文章应包含以下内容：
1．心理健康的重要性；
2．保持心理健康的建议：了解自我， 接纳自我；善于与他人相处；热爱生活与工作。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
How to Keep Mental Health
Mental health is something that decides whether we can live a happy life or not. However, mental health is easy to be overlooked, which can result in serious mental diseases. Here is some advice on keeping mental health.
First, know your own potential and accept yourself. Instead of having unpractical and high expectations and demands for yourself, you should make practical goals for your life.
Second, be sociable and make as many friends as possible. Try to be a person easy to get along with.
Third, love your life and work. Try to display your talent in your work and you can get pleasure and satisfaction from your achievements, which can help you keep a good mood.
PAGE
5Developing ideas
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
When I was young，I loved going for a trail (小路) run.It was my favourite way to escape stress.So，when I was back in my hometown after a tough first year of my Ph.D.program，I thought a trail run was just what I needed.But instead of helping me relax，the run did just the opposite.
After I moved to the city for college，where my runs were on flat concrete paths instead of winding dirt trails，I used a GPS watch.When I went for a trail run again in the country，the watch constantly reminded me of the fact that I wasn't keeping up my usual pace.I turned my watch off，thinking that would allow me to enjoy my surroundings and find the peace I expected，but I still worried that I was underperforming.“Why can't I let go and just enjoy myself？” I wondered.After some introspection (反省)，I realised why I was struggling — both on trail runs and in graduate school.
When starting my Ph.D.，I had thought that my solid postgraduate track record would set me up for instant success.To my surprise，I was wrong.I lacked confidence in my research abilities which I thought stopped me performing well and I constantly felt my progress was too slow.Other students' self confidence and their excellent results made me feel insecure.Finally，one day I broke down in tears in my tutor's office.
Then came my visiting home.I was having trouble because I hadn't properly adjusted my expectations to the differences between an urban run and a trail run.
A Ph.D. is like a trail run.Sometimes you can run fast.Sometimes you might find yourself climbing up a steep，winding trail at a snail's pace.But that's OK.Barriers are unavoidable，and success looks and feels different on a challenging trail than it does on a smooth，flat path.Sometimes it's best to take a deep breath and do your best to meet the challenge.
1．How did the author feel when he went for a trail run again
A．Relaxed. B．Tired.
C．Anxious. D．Happy.
2．What resulted in the author's poor performance in the Ph.D.
A．His lack of hard work.
B．His lack of confidence.
C．His poor research abilities.
D．His poor track record.
3．What does the author want to show in the last paragraph
A．His desire for success.
B．His confidence in trail runs.
C．His expectations in his study.
D．His realization after the trail run.
4．What does the author want to tell us
A．Failure is the mother of success.
B．Working out regularly is beneficial.
C．It is vital to turn to others for help.
D．It's important to make necessary adjustments.
B
Heads up！Across the country，sports injuries are a safety concern for young athletes.Now，the American Medical Association(AMA) has a new set of guidelines aimed at protecting players from the danger of concussions — serious injuries caused by a blow to the head.
“By raising awareness of the serious risks associated with concussions and ensuring that the appropriate guidelines are in place，we can reduce the number of young athletes who may return to the game too soon，which can put their health at further risk，” said AMA Board Member Jack Resneck Jr.，M.D.，in a statement.
The policy recommends that young athletes who may have a concussion be taken off the field as soon as possible.Then，they are only to return to their sport with a doctor's written approval.The policy also sets age specific rules for health care professionals and athletic organizations in evaluating and caring for concussions.
According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)，a concussion is a type of traumatic (创伤) brain injury caused by a bump，blow，or jolt to the head or hit to the body that causes the head and brain to move rapidly back and forth.This type of movement can cause the brain to bounce around or twist inside the skull(颅骨)．It can damage brain cells and create chemical changes in the brain.
The CDC says that between 1.6 million and 3.8 million traumatic brain injuries caused by sports and recreation related activities occur in the US every year.A study from the Center for Injury Research and Policy showed that as many as 40% of high school athletes return to playing before they should.The AMA's new guidelines should help to bring those numbers down.
5．Why does the AMA set the new guidelines
A．To raise safety standards of sports.
B．To protect athletes from concussions.
C．To set rules for health care evaluation.
D．To help players return to the game quickly.
6．What should young athletes who may have a concussion do
A．Avoid using the head.
B．Leave the field forever.
C．Get treatment in time.
D．Switch to another sport.
7．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A．What a concussion is.
B．What causes damage to brain cells.
C．How the CDC works.
D．How a concussion can be prevented.
8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．New Guidelines for Avoiding Concussions
B．Sports Injuries in the US
C．Advice to Athletes
D．New Policies for Doctors
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
It is not as simple as opening the door and hitting the track in winter.There are a few things you can do to make sure that you are getting the most out of your run，and，importantly，not doing more harm than good.
Warm up，cool down
1 .Your muscles need some time to warm up when it's cold，so take it easy when you set off and do a few stretches once you're finished.
Drink water
You might not feel hot，but that's because sweat evaporates (蒸发) more quickly into the chilly，dry air.So be sure to drink water before，during and after cold weather workouts. 2 .A belt bottle is conveniently attached to your waist so you don't have to carry it and can have a drink whenever you feel like it.
3
Running in cotton is a bad idea.Wear thin，breathable layers of synthetic (合成的) clothing that help protect you from the wind and snow，but still let out heat and moisture (水分)．Thirty percent of your body heat escapes through your hands and forty percent through your head.Wear a hat，or beanie (无檐小便帽)，and gloves so your circulatory system can distribute warm blood to the rest of your body. 4 .
Run into the wind
5 .Obviously，it will be an easier passage home with some extra help from Mother Nature.But，more importantly，you won't have the wind in your face for the second half of your run，when you are more likely to be sweating and catch a chill.
A．Dress right
B．Keep warm
C．Don't go too fast，too soon
D．Start and finish in the same way
E．Don't wait to drink water until you feel thirsty
F．Head out into the wind and come home with it at your back
G．On really cold days，wear a mask or a scarf over your mouth to protect your face
Ⅲ.应用文写作
心理健康对我们非常重要， 决定着我们的生活质量。请以How to Keep Mental Health为题写一篇英语文章， 向校报投稿。文章应包含以下内容：
1．心理健康的重要性；
2．保持心理健康的建议：了解自我， 接纳自我；善于与他人相处；热爱生活与工作。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
PAGE
5Writing about a sporting moment
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Dangerous as they are, extreme sports remain appealing among many Australian young people! Camp Extreme is the perfect test of your heart.
Kite Surfing
It's the exciting mixture of kite, board and waves. The idea of using a kite to accelerate speed seems like a new challenge, yet the art of kite flying dates back to the 13th century China when it was used as a simple means of transport.
Catch a wind and you're moving—up, down and across the surf. “It's always exciting. You'd jump 5 feet or 35 feet. You never know if you're going to go up in the air, and your heart is just going boom, boom, boom.”
Coasteering
It is by far the best activity and the event that everyone is still talking about. This is exploring the coastline without worrying about a coastal path or finding a rocky bay blocking your route. You climb, dive and swim from one place to another. With coasteering, you don't have to be able to swim as the wet suit and buoyancy (浮力) aid will keep you floating when you are in the water.
Sky Diving
Traditional parachuting (跳伞) doesn't sound risky enough. So now sky diving is the name for jumping from a plane and listening to your heart beating heavily as you move fast towards earth before you open your parachute at the last moment.
Mountain Biking
It's been around so long that bikers are no longer satisfied with just going up and down a mountain. Mountain biking is a sport which consists of riding bicycles off road, often over rough land, using specially adapted mountain bikes. Mountain bikes share similarities with other bikes, but include features designed to improve strength and performance in rough areas.
For details, please call us on 1300 792 668 or click here: www. . au.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四种体育项目，都是对自我的一种挑战，极限训练营中可以体验这四种项目。
1．All the four extreme sports are mainly intended to test one's .
A．heart beat B．physical health
C．potential strength D．courage
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，虽然极限运动是危险的运动，但它们仍然吸引了许多澳大利亚的年轻人，极限训练营是对你内心的极佳考验。所以它们都是对人们勇气的挑战。
2．Which of the following sports can be the most risky
A．Kite surfing. B．Coasteering.
C．Sky diving. D．Mountain biking.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知，传统意义上的跳伞听起来并不是那么冒险，但现在的“高空跳伞”是指从飞机上跳下来，快速向地面俯冲，体验心跳加速，并且直到最后一刻才打开降落伞。
3．We can infer from the passage that .
A．kites were the main means of transport in China
B．swimming skills play a key role in coasteering
C．parachuting is the least popular sport at present
D．mountain biking requires more than riding common bikes
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的Mountain biking is a sport which consists of riding bicycles off road，often over rough land，using specially adapted mountain bikes.可知，山地自行车运动，用的是特制的越野自行车，走在崎岖的路上。故D项(山地自行车运动比普通的自行车运动需要更多的技能)符合题意。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Pennsylvania is full of mysterious places！One of those is an old turnpike (收费高速公路) 1 for decades.My dad loves history，and he learned it was open to the public. 2 ，when I was 14，we took a bike trip to 3 this road!
My dad chose a 16 mile 4 of the road for us to ride.Part of it included an old tunnel called Sideling Hill which is over a mile long！To 5 ，we checked our tires and made sure our lights had batteries.In the morning，we loaded our bikes into the car and set off.As we approached the tunnel，I felt 6 as it was absolutely black inside！But Dad encouraged me.He said he would be beside me. He reminded me to stay 7 and keep my light on!
When we 8 the tunnel，the sound of our bikes was heard through the darkness.I shined my flash light around and saw walls 9 in graffiti (涂鸦)．And I felt like I was being 10 ！I was pretty scared，but 11 on following Dad helped me relax.After riding half way through，I could see light coming from the other end，motivating me to keep going.And I was so delighted to ride out into the bright afternoon!
Whenever going through 12 in life，I remember this trip.It reminds me that my father is always beside me.He turns on the light of hope in my 13 ，as well as gives me 14 to keep riding through life's 15 tunnels.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了“我”和爸爸的一次难忘的公路探险经历，每当生活中遇到困难时，它总会给“我”战胜困难的希望和勇气。
1．A.designed B．destroyed
C．abandoned D．locked
解析：选C 根据空后的My dad loves history可知，因为爸爸喜欢历史，“我们”才去探险，因此这条收费公路应该是废弃了(abandoned)几十年。
2．A.However B．Otherwise
C．Therefore D．Meanwhile
解析：选C 根据句意可知，前后两句话是因果关系，后一句为结果。
3．A.explore B．construct
C．protect D．repair
解析：选A 空前说爸爸喜欢历史，再结合下文“我们”在这条公路上的经历可知，“我们”是骑自行车去探索(explore)这条公路。
4．A.tunnel B．section
C．block D．course
解析：选B 根据文章主要内容和空后一句说的该路段包括一条超过一英里长的名为Sideling Hill的古老隧道可知，此处指一个16英里长的路段(section)。
5．A.participate B．register
C．cooperate D．prepare
解析：选D 根据空后的we checked our tires and made sure our lights had batteries可知，“我们”检查了车胎，并确保灯里装了电池，这些都是公路探险前的准备工作。
6．A.excited B．nervous
C．annoyed D．exhausted
解析：选B 根据空后的it was absolutely black inside可知，隧道里面一片漆黑，因此此处表示“我”非常紧张(nervous)。
7．A.silent B．curious
C．cautious D．positive
解析：选C 根据上文内容可知，隧道里一片漆黑，再结合下文中的keep my light on可知，爸爸提醒“我”要保持小心谨慎(cautious)。
8．A.approached B．observed
C．constructed D．entered
解析：选D 根据上文中的we approached the tunnel以及下文中的through the darkness可知，此处动作发生在“接近隧道”之后，也就是说“我们”进入(entered)了隧道。
9．A.covered B．buried
C．absorbed D．dressed
解析：选A 根据空后的graffiti可知，“我”发现墙壁被涂鸦所覆盖(covered)。
10．A.forced B．watched
C．abused D．judged
解析：选B 根据上文内容可知，“我”看到了满墙的涂鸦，再根据空后的I was pretty scared可知，“我”感觉自己被墙上的涂鸦注视着(watched)，所以感到害怕。
11．A.depending B．surviving
C．calling D．focusing
解析：选D 句意：我很害怕，但集中精力(focusing on)跟着爸爸走能让我放松下来。
12．A.accidents B．hardships
C．regulations D．incidents
解析：选B 根据空后的my father is always beside me可知，爸爸总是在“我”身边支持“我”，故此处指困难(hardships)。
13．A.chest B．trip
C．work D．heart
解析：选D 根据空前的the light of hope可知，此处指“我”心中的希望之光。
14．A.courage B．pride
C．excitement D．enthusiasm
解析：选A 根据上文中的But Dad encouraged me.可知，在“我”紧张害怕时，爸爸鼓励“我”，因此此处指给“我”勇气(courage)。
15．A.difficult B．distant
C．dark D．long
解析：选C 根据上文中的it was absolutely black inside可知，隧道里面一片漆黑，因此此处照应上文，指生活中的黑暗隧道。
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“If Mum finds out that I'm going to the beach，I'll be in big trouble.” I said to myself softly in a low voice.
I went downstairs slowly and tried to walk casually into the kitchen.As I was walking towards the back door，Mum asked without looking up from her “dish washing”，“Where are you going？” I answered without hesitation，“I am going to the garden to play.”After I got out of the kitchen，I breathed a sign of relief.My plan had worked out fine so far.I climbed the fence and jumped onto the muddy field next to my house and started running towards the bus stop at top speed.
After half an hour I was at the beach scanning the crowd for my friends，Jimmy and Bobby.Two young men were racing in the canoes (独木舟)．After a while，I saw them near a coconut tree.I ran towards them and got into my swimming trunks (游泳裤)．For about an hour，we played volleyball happily.
Suddenly，Bobby hit the ball too hard and the ball fell into the sea.Just as Bobby was going to pick up the ball，the tide came in and carried the ball farther and farther away from the shore.I wanted to show off my swimming skills so I declared to help get the ball for them.
I dived into the water and started swimming at a steady pace.After swimming for about ten minutes，I became tired but when I saw that the ball was only a few feet away from me, I put in an extra burst of speed.However，just as I was going to get the ball，a very strong current swept the ball farther away from me.At that moment，a string of weed (海草) tangled (缠绕) up with my feet and I could not swim properly.
I struggled to keep afloat (漂浮的) but it was no use.“If I had listened to my parents，this would never have happened，” I thought silently.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
Finally，after struggling for a minute or two，I still got pulled underwater.
When I woke up，I was in an empty room lying on a bed.
参考范文：
Finally，after struggling for a minute or two, I still got pulled underwater.I told myself I should never give up.Then I pulled the weed again with great efforts.The weed finally broke.I swam back to the surface to take a deep breath.I saw two young men in canoes，racing each other.I was exhausted and shouted for help.The two men saw me and raced towards me.By the time they reached me, I had been already unconscious.
When I woke up，I was in an empty room lying on a bed.It was not until a doctor came into the room that I realised that I was in a hospital.Jimmy and Bobby told me the two young men brought me to the shore and took me to the hospital.After a few minutes，my parents with half angry and half worried faces walked in.My parents scolded me for running out of the house secretly but were also glad that I was not seriously injured.I will never forget that terrifying experience.Neither will I ever want to show off again.
PAGE
5Writing about a sporting moment
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Dangerous as they are, extreme sports remain appealing among many Australian young people! Camp Extreme is the perfect test of your heart.
Kite Surfing
It's the exciting mixture of kite, board and waves. The idea of using a kite to accelerate speed seems like a new challenge, yet the art of kite flying dates back to the 13th century China when it was used as a simple means of transport.
Catch a wind and you're moving—up, down and across the surf. “It's always exciting. You'd jump 5 feet or 35 feet. You never know if you're going to go up in the air, and your heart is just going boom, boom, boom.”
Coasteering
It is by far the best activity and the event that everyone is still talking about. This is exploring the coastline without worrying about a coastal path or finding a rocky bay blocking your route. You climb, dive and swim from one place to another. With coasteering, you don't have to be able to swim as the wet suit and buoyancy (浮力) aid will keep you floating when you are in the water.
Sky Diving
Traditional parachuting (跳伞) doesn't sound risky enough. So now sky diving is the name for jumping from a plane and listening to your heart beating heavily as you move fast towards earth before you open your parachute at the last moment.
Mountain Biking
It's been around so long that bikers are no longer satisfied with just going up and down a mountain. Mountain biking is a sport which consists of riding bicycles off road, often over rough land, using specially adapted mountain bikes. Mountain bikes share similarities with other bikes, but include features designed to improve strength and performance in rough areas.
For details, please call us on 1300 792 668 or click here: www. . au.
1．All the four extreme sports are mainly intended to test one's .
A．heart beat B．physical health
C．potential strength D．courage
2．Which of the following sports can be the most risky
A．Kite surfing. B．Coasteering.
C．Sky diving. D．Mountain biking.
3．We can infer from the passage that .
A．kites were the main means of transport in China
B．swimming skills play a key role in coasteering
C．parachuting is the least popular sport at present
D．mountain biking requires more than riding common bikes
Ⅱ.完形填空
Pennsylvania is full of mysterious places！One of those is an old turnpike (收费高速公路) 1 for decades.My dad loves history，and he learned it was open to the public. 2 ，when I was 14，we took a bike trip to 3 this road!
My dad chose a 16 mile 4 of the road for us to ride.Part of it included an old tunnel called Sideling Hill which is over a mile long！To 5 ，we checked our tires and made sure our lights had batteries.In the morning，we loaded our bikes into the car and set off.As we approached the tunnel，I felt 6 as it was absolutely black inside！But Dad encouraged me.He said he would be beside me. He reminded me to stay 7 and keep my light on!
When we 8 the tunnel，the sound of our bikes was heard through the darkness.I shined my flash light around and saw walls 9 in graffiti (涂鸦)．And I felt like I was being 10 ！I was pretty scared，but 11 on following Dad helped me relax.After riding half way through，I could see light coming from the other end，motivating me to keep going.And I was so delighted to ride out into the bright afternoon!
Whenever going through 12 in life，I remember this trip.It reminds me that my father is always beside me.He turns on the light of hope in my 13 ，as well as gives me 14 to keep riding through life's 15 tunnels.
1．A.designed B．destroyed
C．abandoned D．locked
2．A.However B．Otherwise
C．Therefore D．Meanwhile
3．A.explore B．construct
C．protect D．repair
4．A.tunnel B．section
C．block D．course
5．A.participate B．register
C．cooperate D．prepare
6．A.excited B．nervous
C．annoyed D．exhausted
7．A.silent B．curious
C．cautious D．positive
8．A.approached B．observed
C．constructed D．entered
9．A.covered B．buried
C．absorbed D．dressed
10．A.forced B．watched
C．abused D．judged
11．A.depending B．surviving
C．calling D．focusing
12．A.accidents B．hardships
C．regulations D．incidents
13．A.chest B．trip
C．work D．heart
14．A.courage B．pride
C．excitement D．enthusiasm
15．A.difficult B．distant
C．dark D．long
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“If Mum finds out that I'm going to the beach，I'll be in big trouble.” I said to myself softly in a low voice.
I went downstairs slowly and tried to walk casually into the kitchen.As I was walking towards the back door，Mum asked without looking up from her “dish washing”，“Where are you going？” I answered without hesitation，“I am going to the garden to play.”After I got out of the kitchen，I breathed a sign of relief.My plan had worked out fine so far.I climbed the fence and jumped onto the muddy field next to my house and started running towards the bus stop at top speed.
After half an hour I was at the beach scanning the crowd for my friends，Jimmy and Bobby.Two young men were racing in the canoes (独木舟)．After a while，I saw them near a coconut tree.I ran towards them and got into my swimming trunks (游泳裤)．For about an hour，we played volleyball happily.
Suddenly，Bobby hit the ball too hard and the ball fell into the sea.Just as Bobby was going to pick up the ball，the tide came in and carried the ball farther and farther away from the shore.I wanted to show off my swimming skills so I declared to help get the ball for them.
I dived into the water and started swimming at a steady pace.After swimming for about ten minutes，I became tired but when I saw that the ball was only a few feet away from me, I put in an extra burst of speed.However，just as I was going to get the ball，a very strong current swept the ball farther away from me.At that moment，a string of weed (海草) tangled (缠绕) up with my feet and I could not swim properly.
I struggled to keep afloat (漂浮的) but it was no use.“If I had listened to my parents，this would never have happened，” I thought silently.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
Finally，after struggling for a minute or two，I still got pulled underwater.
When I woke up，I was in an empty room lying on a bed.
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