2022年中考英语阅读理解专项课时课件一（共有PPT28张）

(共28张PPT)
英语阅读理解专项
冷静，不亢奋，不焦虑
1. 八篇文章，现在阅读量是300词左右，中考阅读量在1，000单词左右；
2. 题材广泛，包括生活、科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容；
3. 体裁多样，包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文（海报，广告）等。
一、阅读理解题选材
阅读量，题材
阅读分精泛，快慢相间
精读：深入学习单词，句型，语法，理解文章写作结构，提高抓取关键信息，细节信息的能力。
好比造房子，“精读”就是给孩子提供必须的“建筑材料”
——基本词汇和基本语法规则
泛读：获得乐趣，拓宽知识面，提高阅读速度，提高抓取主旨大意的能力。
“泛读”的功能，则是帮你把房子装修设计得更漂亮更舒服。让你在潜移默化中就拥有建筑大师的风骨……
阅读理解是精读泛读的结合
1.快速阅读，获得主旨大意
2.仔细阅读，根据关键词寻找细节信息
我们在做题过程中不需要纠结几个生词的意义。
但是在读后我们可以把遗忘的重点单词和短语或者出现频率比较高的新单词或新短语积累在笔记本上。
二、阅读理解考查的能力
1．掌握所读材料主旨和大意的能力
此类考查主旨和大意的题大多数针对段落(或短文)的主题，主题思想，标题或目的，其主要提问方式是：
1) Which is the best title of the passage
2) Which of the following is this passage about
3) In this passage the writer tries to tell us that______.
4) The passage tells us that______.
5) This passage mainly talks about_______.
2.把握文章的事实和细节的能力
此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的细节设计的，其主要提问方式是：
1) Which of the following is right
2) Which of the following is not mentioned
3) Which of the following is Not True in the passage
4) Choose the right order of this passage.
5) From this passage we know ________.
3.根据上下文猜测生词的含义的能力
此类猜测词义的题目要求考生根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义。其主要提问方式是：
1) The word “______ ” in the passage probably means ________.
2) The underlined word “It” in the passage refers to _______.
3) In this story the underlined word “ ” means ________.
4) Here “it” means________.
例：如何猜测阅读理解题中的生词词义
一、根据定义或解释猜测词义
A bag is useful and the word “bag” is useful. It gives us some interesting phrases(短语). One is “ to let the cat out of the bag”. It is the same as “to tell a secret”….
Now when someone lets out (泄漏) a secret, he “lets the cat out of the bag.”
John “lets the cat out of the bag” means he ______.
A. makes everyone know a secret B. the woman bout a cat
C. buys a cat in the bag D. sells the cat in the bag
二、根据情景和逻辑进行判断
As they go around town, the police help people. Sometimes they find lost children. They take the children home. If the police see a fight(打斗), they put an end to it right away. Sometimes people will ask the police how to get to a place in town. The police can always tell the people which way to go. They know all the streets and roads well.
In the text, “put an end to” means “______”.
A. stop B. cut C. kill D. fly
三、根据并列或同位关系猜测词义
There is a place on our earth where hot water and steam come up under the ground. It is on a large island in the Pacific Ocean. The island is North Island in New Zealand.
What does the word “steam” mean in Chinese
A. 自来水 B. 大气 C. 冰川 D. 蒸汽
4.对阅读材料全篇的逻辑关系的理解，对文章各段，各句之间的逻辑关系的理解能力。
此类题目主要考查的是句与句之间，短语之间的逻辑关系，其主要提问方式是：
1) Many visitors come to the writer’s city to ________.
2) Some shops can be built Dongfeng Square so that they may _____.
3) Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution because _____.
4) Why did the writer get off the train two stops before Vienna station
5.依据短文内容和考生应有的常识进行推理和判断的能力。
此类题目文章中没有明确的答案，需要考生再理解全文的基础上进行推理和判断。其主要提问方式是：
1) We can guess the writer of the letter may be a ______.
2) We can infer(推断) from the text that _______.
3) From the letters we've learned that it's very ___ to know something about the boy.
4) From the story we can guess ______.
5) What would be happy if …
6.推断作者意图和态度的能力。
此类题目的主要提问方式是：
1) How did the writer feel at the station
2) The writer writes this text to ______.
3) The writer believes that ______.
4) The writer suggests that ______.
一般阅读理解主要有几个题型：
①直接解答题。一般的阅读能力。
②词义理解题。推测词义能力。
③归纳概括题。归纳总结能力。
④推理判断题。逻辑推理能力。
A
Dear Mrs Brown,
My name is Zhang Jun. I saw your name and email address on www. . I know you are looking for a camera. I found one. On the evening of this Friday, I went to Zhongshan Park with my friends. We found a camera on a white chair in the park. It’s a nice red camera. It must be yours because we can see your name on the back of the camera. I know you miss your lost camera very much. Maybe it misses you, too. Please call me when you get this email. My mobile phone number is 15363040618. And you can also send me an email or talk with me by QQ. My QQ number is 609183317.
Best wishes,
Zhang Jun
26．Zhang Jun found Mrs Brown’s name and email address______.
A．on the Internet B．in a park C．in a school D．on TV
27．Zhang Jun found a camera _______.
A．in the morning B．this Friday C．in the afternoon D.this Saturday
28．What colour is Mrs Brown’s camera
A．Black B．White C．Red D．Brown.
29．“Maybe it misses you, too.” 此句中的“it”指代的是 “ “.
A．the camera B．the phone C．the computer D．the wallet
30．Which of the following is NOT true
A． Mrs Brown’s QQ number is 609183317.
B． Mrs Brown’s name is on the back of the camera.
C．Zhang Jun’s mobile phone number is 15363040618.
D．Mrs Brown has an email address, and Zhang Jun also has one.
细节题
推理题
细节题
三、题目解题技巧
1.可以直接从原文中找到答案的题目
拿分题。
解题技巧：看清题目所问的内容之后，在原文中划出原句，并标上题号。
2.不能够从原文中直接找到答案的题
需要经过分析、判断、推理之后才能解答的题。该类题是失分题，往往是出题老师用来拉开学生梯度和层次的题。
此类题包括：文章主题和中心大意等，一般都是主旨题或推理题。
解题技巧：
1、以原文为依据，不掺杂个人意见，要客观不要主观。
要克服“我认为…怎么样”的观点。
2、答案要对比。只选最符合问题和原文的。
A
Dear Mrs Brown,
My name is Zhang Jun. I saw your name and email address on www. . I know you are looking for a camera. I found one. On the evening of this Friday, I went to Zhongshan Park with my friends. We found a camera on a white chair in the park. It’s a nice red camera. It must be yours because we can see your name on the back of the camera. I know you miss your lost camera very much. Maybe it misses you, too. Please call me when you get this email. My mobile phone number is 15363040618. And you can also send me an email or talk with me by QQ. My QQ number is 609183317.
Best wishes,
Zhang Jun
26．Zhang Jun found Mrs Brown’s name and email address______.
A．on the Internet B．in a park C．in a school D．on TV
27．Zhang Jun found a camera _______.
A．in the morning B．this Friday C．in the afternoon D.this Saturday
28．What colour is Mrs Brown’s camera
A．Black B．White C．Red D．Brown.
29．“Maybe it misses you, too.” 此句中的“it”指代的是 “ “.
A．the camera B．the phone C．the computer D．the wallet
30．Which of the following is NOT true
A． Mrs Brown’s QQ number is 609183317.
B． Mrs Brown’s name is on the back of the camera.
C．Zhang Jun’s mobile phone number is 15363040618.
D．Mrs Brown has an email address, and Zhang Jun also has one.
细节题
1.A 2.B3.C4.A5.A
3、注意范围频率的词。
比如：all, some, many, always, often, never, nothing, something, every 等等
比如，原文中出现了这样一个句子：Almost everyone likes the music. 答题时，要你判断如下这个句子正误（True or False）：Everyone likes the music.
4、答案要避免以点带面，以偏盖全。
尤其是多个选项都有道理，难以挑选正确答案的时候，要注意选择最符合题目要求的一个。主旨题要综合考虑全篇文章。
推理题
细节题
5、切忌妄自猜测。
文章中没有提到的不要妄自猜测，自作聪明，一切以文章内容为准。
Thank you!