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国题围LESSON 3 THE ROAD TO DESTRUCTION①
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Part 1
“This morning, it took me 40 minutes to go downtown. More roadworks on the A10！”
“Oh really It took me over an hour. There was an accident on the M11.”
How often have you heard these conversations How often do we get stuck② in traffic jams③？ How often do we arrive at work or school, stressed out④， tired and angry For many people, the answer is every day. But personal anger and stress are nothing compared to⑤ the real costs socially. Here are some figures about Britain：
·In the last 20 years, the number of cars on the roads has gone up by 25%. There are now 32 million cars.
·Over the last decade⑥， an average of 2,500 people have died every year in vehicle accidents.
·Traffic is one of the major causes of global warming and climate change, as car engines produce various types of greenhouse gases⑦.
·Almost 30,000 deaths per year are caused by air pollution.
·Some types of cancer are related⑧ to traffic pollution.,
①destruction n． 破坏，毁坏
②stuck adj. 卡住的，无法移动的
get stuck in 陷入
③jam n. 拥挤，堵塞；果酱
traffic jam 交通堵塞
④stressed out 焦虑的
⑤compared to 比起
⑥decade n. 十年，十年期
⑦gas n. 气，气体
⑧relate vi. 相联系，有关联
be related to 与……有关联
[参考译文]第1部分
“今天早上，我花了40分钟去市中心。A10公路上的很多地方在施工！”
“真的吗？我花了一个多小时。 M11公路上发生了一起事故。”
这样的谈话你多久听到一次？有多少次我们碰到交通阻塞而动弹不得？又有多少次，当我们抵达工作地点或者学校时感到心力交瘁、心烦气躁呢？对很多人来说，答案是每天。但是和真正的社会损失相比，个人的愤怒和焦虑根本不值一提。以下是一些关于英国的数据：
在过去的20年里，道路上的汽车数量增加了25%。现在有3200万辆汽车。, 在过去10年中，每年平均有2，500人死于交通事故。
交通是造成全球变暖和气候变化的主要原因之一，因为汽车发动机会产生各类温室气体。
每年有近3万人死于空气污染。
多种癌症与交通污染有关。
Part 2
We know that cars are bad for⑨ us. But we all make excuses: “The buses are terrible”； “The trains are always late”； “I haven ’t got time to walk”. I ’m talking about myself, too. To be frank, I ’m addicted to my car. When I asked a friend working for a green living organisation for advice about how to give up, she told me five things:
·Use your legs. In 2014, over 55% of car journeys were under eight kilometres. Instead of taking short car journeys, we could easily walk or cycle. Leg power can save your money, keep you fit and help you live longer. Regular exercise also cuts the risk of heart disease by 50%!
·Use public transport. Up to 90 people can travel in one bus, while the same number will need at least 18 cars. Sometimes it can take a little bit longer, but so what You can relax, read a book, talk to someone — who knows
·Think before you go. Do you really have to go to that shopping centre on the other side of town What about the shops around the corner Before you get into your car, think about whether you really need to make that journey.
·Share cars. If you really have to use a car, share journeys with someone else. It is much cheaper and kinder to the environment.
·Take action ！ We often think there is nothing we can do about the noise, pollution and danger of traffic. There is. If your street is full of heavy traffic, talk to your neighbours about it. Write to the papers. Go to the city government. Ask for a speed limit. Do whichever of these things that suit you. Don ’t just sit around and complain!
All quite simple, isn ’t it Five easy ways to improve our environment. Well, I ’m sorry I have to finish this article, but I ’ve got to pick up my daughter from school at 4 pm. Then I ’ve got to drive to the supermarket to do the shopping. After that, I have to take my son to a party. The traffic is going to be horrible, but what can I do？
⑨be bad for 对……有害
be addicted to 对……上瘾
regular adj. 定期的，有规律的
cut the risk of 降低……的风险
up to 高达
take action 采取行动
be full of 充满
suit vt. 适合
n. 套装
pick up 用车去接
[参考译文]
第2部分
我们知道汽车给我们带来的危害，但总能找到借口：“公共汽车很糟糕”；“火车总是晚点”；“我没有时间走路”。我说的也包括我自己。坦率地说，我离不开车。当我向在绿色生活组织工作的一个朋友询问如何放弃汽车时，她给出了五条建议：
·走路。 2014年，超过55%的汽车行程不到8公里。我们可以很容易地用走路或骑行来代替短途的开车出行。利用脚力行走可以省钱，保持健康并帮助你延长寿命。定期的锻炼也能降低 50%患心脏病的风险！
·使用公共交通工具。一辆公共汽车最多可以乘坐90人，而这些人乘坐小轿车至少需要18辆车。有时坐公共汽车可能需要更长的时间，但那又怎样？你可以放松一下、读一本书、和别人交谈——谁知道呢？
·出发之前先想想。你真的要去镇上另一边的那个购物中心吗？拐角处的商店怎么样？在上车之前，想想你是否真的需要开车去那个地方。
·共享汽车。如果你不得不用车，与其他人共用一辆车。这样更便宜，也更环保。
·采取行动！我们经常觉得面对噪音、污染和交通危险，自己无能为力。其实可以有所为。如果你所在的那条街交通繁忙，去和邻居们谈谈。给报纸(一类的媒体)写信(反映)。去市政府。申请设置限速。做这些事情中任何一件适合你的。别光坐在那里抱怨！
这些都很简单，不是吗？五种简单的方法就可以改善我们的环境。好吧，很抱歉我要结束这篇文章了，因为下午4点我得去学校接女儿。然后开车去超市购物。之后还得带儿子去参加一个派对。交通状况将会非常糟，但我能怎么办呢？
Ⅰ.What ’s the main idea of the passage
The passage is mainly about the effects and solutions of the car using.
Ⅱ.Read the text (Part 1) fast and judge the following statements TRUE or FALSE.
1．People always get stuck in traffic jams every day.
2．Twenty years ago, there were 32 million cars on the road in Britain.
3．2,500 people die every year in vehicle accidents in the world on average.
4．Air pollution and cancer are related to traffic.
答案：1～4 TFFT
Ⅲ.Read the text (Part 2) carefully and choose the best answer.
1．Why does the writer mention the excuses in the first paragraph
A．To show us that cars are bad for us.
B．To find the cause of being late.
C．To give a reason for using cars.
D．To complain the traffic jams.
2．What ’s the advantage of taking public transport
A．Saving your time.
B．Helping you live longer.
C．Keeping you fit.
D．Relaxing yourself.
3．What does the writer advise us to do
A．Use our head.
B．Buy public transport.
C．Drive your car alone.
D．Avoid long journeys.
4．What can we infer about the writer from the last paragraph
A．He can ’t go without cars.
B．He has a beautiful daughter.
C．He give his son a busy schedule.
D．He will take action immediately.
答案：1～4 CDDA
Ⅳ.Fill in the blanks with right words or phrases according to the passage.
Car using
Part 1 Personal effects 1.stressed out, tired, angry
Social effects traffic accidents, 2.global warming and climate change, 3.deaths and cancer caused by air pollution
Part 2 Solutions 4.walk/cycle more
use 5.public transport
think 6.before you go
share 7.cars
8.take action
Ⅰ.语境写单词
1．get stuck in the crowd 困在人群中
2．avoid the traffic jam 避免交通堵塞
3．roadworks in progress 道路正在施工
4．from decade to decade 数十年来
5．gas station 加油站
6．a new form of cancer 一种新型癌症
Ⅱ.拓展识变化
1．destruction n．破坏，毁坏→destroy v．破坏，毁坏→destroyer n．破坏者，毁坏者
2．annoyed adj.烦恼的，生气的→annoy v．使烦恼；使生气→annoyance n．烦恼，生气
3．anger n．愤怒；怒气→angry adj.愤怒的；生气的
4．relate vi.相联系，有关联→relation n．联系，关联 →relative n．亲戚 adj.相对的
5．regular adj.定期的，有规律的→regularly adv.定期地，有规律地
6．suit vt.适合； n．套装→suitable adj.合适的
Ⅲ.语境记短语
1．a traffic jam 交通堵塞
2．look stressed out 焦虑的
3．be related to the goal 和……有关联
Ⅳ.仿写练句式
1．[教材原句] This morning, it took me 40 minutes to go downtown.
[句式分析] it takes sb some time to do sth “做某事花费某人多少时间”
[佳句仿写] 我用了很长时间才下定决心。
It took me a long time to make up my mind.
2．[教材原句] Over the last decade, an average of 2,500 people have died every year in vehicle accidents.
[句式分析] over the last ...用于现在完成时
[佳句仿写] 过去的三十年，我们对这个问题有了深入细致的讨论。
We have discussed a lot about the problem over the last 30 years.
3．[教材原句] To be frank, I ’m addicted to my car.
[句式分析] 独立结构
[佳句仿写] 说实话，他也不知道他要去哪里。
To tell the truth, he did not know where he was going.
4．[教材原句] Sometimes it can take a little bit longer, but so what
[句式分析] so what？“那又怎样？”
[佳句仿写] 他比我小十五岁， 即使如此， 又有什么了不起？
He ’s fifteen years younger than me. So what if he is
1．(教材p.58)to feel annoyed
感到生气
annoyed adj.烦恼的，生气的
His mother was annoyed with him for being so rude to their neighbors.
他的母亲因为他对邻居如此粗暴无礼而生他的气。
归纳拓展
(1)be annoyed with sb 生某人的气
be annoyed at/about sth 因为某事生气
(2)annoy vt. 使不悦；惹恼；打扰
(3)annoying adj. 恼人的；讨厌的(多修饰物)
活学巧练
⊙单句语法填空
①It ’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it ’s awkward and challenging，or we think it ’s annoying (annoy) and unnecessary.
②The children wouldn ’t stop talking, so I was beginning to get annoyed (annoy) with them.
[能力提升]——句式升级
③ It annoyed me most that the shoes I bought from your store were very dirty.
→What annoyed me most was that the shoes I bought from your store were very dirty.(主语从句)
2．(教材p.58)How often do we arrive at work or school, stressed out, tired and angry
又有多少次，当我们抵达工作地点或者学校时感到心力交瘁、心烦气躁呢？
stressed out焦虑的
Those who are stressed out are often nervous, angry or ill.
凡是焦虑的人经常会紧张、生气或生病。
归纳拓展
(1)stress n． 压力
v. 强调；重读
under stress 在压力下
lay/place/put stress on/upon ...
对……施压(产生压力)；
强调……的重要性
stress the importance of ...
强调……的重要性
(2)stressful adj. 压力重的(指物)
(3)stressed adj. 有压力的(指人)
活学巧练
⊙单句语法填空/补全句子
①Most doctors and nurses live under stressful (stress) conditions.
②Nowadays more and more middle school students are getting stressed (stress) in their studies.
③He laid particular stress on/upon the need for discipline.
④People under a lot of stress may experience headaches and sleeping difficulties. That ’s why we need to relax ourselves at times.
人们在巨大压力下可能会头疼、失眠。那就是为什么我们有时需要放松自己。
⑤The importance of cooperation or teamwork during basketball games cannot be stressed enough.
篮球比赛中团队协作的重要性再怎么强调也不为过。
[能力提升]—— 一句多译
他强调了接受良好教育的重要性。
⑥He stressed the importance of a good education.(stress v．)
⑦He put stress on a good education.(stress n．)
3．(教材p.59)Some types of cancer are related to traffic pollution.
多种癌症与交通污染有关。
relate vi.相联系，有关联
In fact, traffic rules are part of the rules and regulations closely related to public order.
事实上，交通规则是与公共秩序密切相关的规章制度的一部分。
归纳拓展
(1)relate to 与……有关；涉及
relate A to/with B 把A和B联系起来
be related to 与……有联系的
relate to sb/sth 能理解/同情某人/某物
(2)relative adj. 相比较而言的；相关联的
n. 亲属，亲戚
(3)relatively adv. 相对地，相当地
(4)relationship n. 关系
(5)relation n. 关系；亲属
have relation to/with 和……有关
in relation to 就……而论；和……联系起来看
活学巧练
⊙单句语法填空/补全句子
①It is considerate of you to call on your relatives (relate) from time to time.
②If time permits，I expect to have more spare time to spend with my friends so that we can have a better relationship (relate)．
③Lack of exercise is also a risk factor for heart disease but it ’s relatively (relative) small when compared with the others.
④It is required that the composition (should) be related (relate) to the students ’ life.
⑤His fear of people is closely related to his unhappy childhood.
他对人的恐惧和他不幸的童年有着密切的关系。
⑥In fact, we can relate all these traffic accidents to/with careless driving.
实际上，我们可以把所有这些交通事故和粗心驾驶联系起来。
4．(教材p.59)Do whichever of these things that suit you.
做这些事情中任何一件适合你的。
suit vt.适合 n．套装
This hot weather doesn ’t suit me.
天这么热，我真受不了。
归纳拓展
(1)suit sth to sb/sth 使某事适合于某人/某物
(2)suitable adj. 合适的，适当的
be suitable for ... 适合……
be suitable to do sth 适合做某事
(3)suited adj. 合适的；般配的
be suited to ... 适合于……
活学巧练
⊙单句语法填空
①People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade.
②Many of the fish caught for sport are not suitable (suit) for eating，so they are thrown away.
③Mr Smith decided that he was not suited (suit) to the life in a small town, so he returned to the city.
④A good teacher suits his lessons to the age of his pupils.
[能力提升]——一句多译
他适合做这份志愿的工作。
⑤He is suitable for the voluntary work.
⑥He is suitable to do the voluntary work.
1．(教材p.58)In the last 20 years, the number of cars on the roads has gone up by 25%.
在过去的20年里，道路上的汽车数量增加了25%。
[句式分析1] in the last ...表示“从过去开始起到现在的一段时间”，常用于现在完成时。有类似用法的还有for/over/during the last/past＋时间段。
The price of houses has doubled over the past few years.
房价这几年来涨了一倍。
[句式分析2] the number of表示“……的数量”，常见用法为“the number of＋复数名词＋单数谓语动词”；a number of表示“许多，大量”，常见用法为“a number of＋复数名词＋复数谓语动词”。
The number of students in our class is more than 70.
我们班的学生人数超过70人。
A number of students have gone for an outing.
许多学生去远足了。
活学巧练
⊙单句语法填空/补全句子
①Over the years，there have been (be) a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point.
②In the past few years, a large number of films have been produced (produce) all over the world.
③The number of traffic accidents arising from drunk driving makes up 20 percent of the total.
酒后驾车造成的交通事故的数量占总数的20%。
④Because of the size of the industry, a number of career opportunities are available.
因为这个行业的规模，有很多的职业机会可提供。
2．(教材p.59)To be frank, I ’m addicted to my car.
坦率地说，我离不开车。
[句式分析] 句中To be frank意为“坦白地说，坦率地说”，是一种非谓语独立结构作状语。
To be frank, many mistakes we made could have been avoided if we had been more careful.
坦率地说，如果我们更细心一些，我们所犯的许多错误是可以避免的。
归纳拓展
(1)现在分词类：honestly/personally/generally/strictly speaking, judging from/by, taking everything into account, considering that, seeing that, assuming that, supposing, talking of, including等。如：
Seeing that nobody was very enthusiastic about it, they decided to cancel the trip.
鉴于没人对这次旅行感兴趣，他们决定取消它。
(2)过去分词类：given, provided (＝providing), compared to/with等。如：
Given another chance, he will surely succeed.
如果再有一次机会的话，他肯定会成功的。
(3)不定式类：to tell (you) the truth, to be honest (frank, exact ...), to sum up, to make the story short, to make things worse, to begin with (start with)等。
To be honest, I don ’t think we have a chance of winning.
说实话，我认为我们没有获胜的可能。
活学巧练
⊙补全句子
①Considering that it is handmade, the price seems reasonable.
考虑到它是手工制成的，价格还算合理。
②Talking of travel, have you ever been to New York
谈到旅行，你去过纽约吗？
③Frankly speaking, I ’d rather you didn ’t do anything about it for the time being.
坦白地说，我宁愿你现在对此事什么也不要做。
④Compared with her achievements, her shortcomings are, after all, only secondary.
同她的成就相比，她的缺点毕竟是次要的。
⑤To make matters/things worse, it started to snow when evening came.
更糟糕的是，夜幕降临时，天开始下雪了。
⑥Judging from his past performances, he is not likely to do very well in this exam.
从他过去的表现来判断，他在这次考试中不可能表现得太好。
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