Unit 1 Asia 单元知识点全解
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译林牛津9B Unit 1 Asia 教材全解
【教材内容解析】
Comic strip&Welcome to the unit
Wow, the Great Wall is amazing, isn’t it (P. 6)
反意疑问句是提出情况或者看法，问对方是否同意的句子。一般由陈述句和反意疑问句构成。反意疑问句部分要与前面的陈述句用逗号隔开，句末用问号。如果陈述句部分是肯定结构，反意疑问句部分就用否定结构，反之亦然。反意疑问句部分的主语需用代词，并与陈述句部分的主语一致，谓语动词在人称、数和时态上也要与陈述句部分一致。
反意疑问句的构成如下：
肯定的陈述句+be动词/助动词/情态动词+not+主语（代词）
否定的陈述句+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语（代词）
反意疑问句还有如下一些值得注意的情况：
陈述句部分含有never, few, little, nothing, nobody, no, hardly, none等表示否定意义的词时，反意疑问句部分用肯定形式。
He has few friends at school, does he
注意：当陈述句谓语动词是含有否定意义的前缀的词时，反意疑问句部分还是要用否定形式。
He dislikes smoking, doesn’t he
陈述句部分是there be结构，反意疑问句用be there。
There is a book on the desk, isn’t there
当陈述句部分的主语是指物的不定代词，something, anything, everything等时，反意疑问句主语用it；如果主语是指人的不定代词somebody, anybody, everybody等时，反意疑问句主语用they或he。
Someone wants to see you, don’t they
④ 当陈述句的主语是this，that时，反意疑问句主语用it；当陈述句的主语是these， those时，反意疑问句主句用they。
This is an interesting film, isn’t it
Those aren’t banana trees, are they
⑤ 当陈述句谓语动词含有have/has/had时，若时态为完成时态或者含有had better，反意疑问句用have/has/had，其它情况需要借助助动词构成反意疑问句。
Jack has a new watch, doesn’t he
They had to get up early in the morning, didn’t they
He has been to Beijing twice, hasn’t he
We'd better stop talking, hadn’t we
⑥ 当陈述句部分含有need时，如果need作行为动词，则反意疑问句部分用do/does/did，如果need作情态动词，则反意疑问句部分用need。
We need to buy a new washing machine, don’t we
We needn’t set out at once, need we
⑦ 当陈述句部分是肯定的祈使句，反意疑问句用will you或者won't you，当陈述句是否定的祈使句，反意疑问句用will you。
Pass me the salt, will/won’t you
Don’t play football in the street, will you
⑧ 当陈述部分是以let's开头的祈使句，反意疑问句用shall we；当陈述句部分是以let us开头的祈使句，反意疑问句用will you。
Let’s go shopping, shall we
Let us have a look, will/won’t you
⑨ 当陈述句含有must时，当must表示“必须”时，反意疑问句用needn't；当must表示“一定、想必”，反意疑问句部分的谓语应根据must后面的动词来确定。
They must come on time, needn’t they
That man must be Mr. Zhang, isn’t he
⑩ 当陈述句是主从复合句，反意疑问句的主语通常与主句的主语保持一致。
She said he would come tomorrow, didn’t she
注意：若主句的主语是第一人称I/we，其谓语动词又是think, suppose, expect, believe, imagine等时，反意疑问句部分的主语和谓语和从句保持一致。
I don't think he is a good student, is he
We think it is a good idea, isn’t it
特别提醒：
反意疑问句的回答要根据具体的情况来确定用肯定形式还是否定形式。
--Lucy is very good at skating, isn’t she
--Yes, she is.
--You don’t like eating beef, do you
--No, I don’t.
(2) It tiring to climb the steps and my feet hurt. (P. 6)
① tiring意为“使人疲劳的、累人的”，其动词形式是tire。
What a tiring job!
A day’s work tired him.
【辨析】tiring, tiresome和tired
tiring和tiresome都表示“令人讨厌的、令人疲乏的”，具有主动含义，多用来修饰表示事物的名词；tired表示“疲倦的、劳累的”，主要表示人感到劳累。
That is a tiring/tiresome walk.
He has worked the whole day, so he feels very tired.
② step用作名词，表示“台阶、阶梯、步骤”。
A little girl was sitting on the step of the house.
The first step is very basic.
We should take steps to prevent the war.
【拓展】
1. step也可以用作动词，意为“踩、踏”。
She stepped on a loose stone and twisted her ankle.
2. step的相关短语
step by step 逐步地 take steps 采取措施 watch your step 小心行走
step down 辞职、让位 step up 提高、增加、加快 step into 进入
We had better keep moving. (P. 6)
① had better do sth. 表示“最好做某事”，表示劝告、建议或者愿望，否定形式是在had better后面加上not。
例如：
You’d better have a rest.
You’d better not miss the last bus.
② keep (on) doing sth.意为“继续做某事、重复做某事”。
They kept talking about it.
(4) Tian’anmen Square, the Palace Museum and the Great Wall are wonderful places to go. (P. 7)
to go这里是动词不定式作后置定语，修饰wonderful places。不定式作后置定语时，不定式与所修饰的名词之间往往有动宾关系，如果不定式是不及物动词，动词不定式后面要加上必要的介词。
We want some water to drink.
He is a pleasant fellow to work with.
Reading
In the middle of the ancient city of Beijing is the Palace Museum, also called the Forbidden City. (P. 8)
① in the middle of表示“在……中间”。
What can you see in the middle of the picture
The teacher is standing in the middle of us.
② called此处为动词的过去分词作定语，意为“被称为、被叫作”，与named同义。
例如：
This is a book named/called Journey to the West.
The Greens have a daughter named/called Kate.
The emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties used to live there. (P. 8)
used to do sth. “过去常常做某事”，暗含“现在不再”之意，后接动词原形，疑问形式可以直接将used提到句首，或者借助助动词did；否定式可以直接在used后面加not，或者用didn’t。
【辨析】be /get used to doing sth., used to do sth.与be used to do sth.
be /get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 His father is used to watching TV before going to bed.
used to do sth. 过去经常做某事 The boy used to play computer games.
be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 More and more wood is used to make paper.
(3) With wonderful buildings and art treasures inside, it is well worth a visit.(P. 8)
① with复合结构“with+宾语+宾语补足语”在句中作状语，表示伴随、原因、时间、条件、方式等。作宾语补足语的可以是形容词、名词、副词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词或者动词不定式。
He stood before his teacher with his head down.
She said good-bye with tears in her eyes.
He fell asleep with the lamp burning.
I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash.
② be worth后常接名词或者动名词，表示“值……”。
The new car is worth at least 1 million.
The novel is worth reading once more.
(4) Many tourists like to gather there early in the morning to watch the raising of the national flag. (P. 8)
辨析：rise与raise
rise 不及物动词 意为“升起，上升” The water in the river rose after the heavy rain. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
raise 及物动词 意为“提高，筹集，抬高，举起” The worker want the boss to raise their wages. The teacher asks us to raise our hands if we have questions. We should try our best to raise more money for the poor family.
(5) It is one of the wonders of the world.(P. 8)
1. wonder作名词，意为“奇迹”，常用的句型有：
① It’s a wonder that...意为“奇怪的是……”
It’s a wonder that she is still alive.
② It’s no wonder that...意为“难怪……”。
It’s no wonder that they won’t come.
【拓展】wonder用作及物动词，意为“想知道，对……好奇”，常见的用法有：
① 后接who, what, why, where, when, how, which引导的宾语从句。
She wondered what the child was doing.
② 后接if和whether引导的宾语从句。
She wondered whether you were free that morning.
③ 后接“疑问词+不定式”构成的短语。
I’m just wondering how to do it.
(6) It lies on the two sides of the Lijiang River.(P. 9)
动词lie表示“躺、位于、撒谎”
lie（躺、位于）—lay（过去式）—lain（过去分词）-lying（现在分词）
lie（撒谎）—lied（过去式）—lied（过去分词）-lying（现在分词）
lay（放置、下蛋）—laid（过去式）—laid（过去分词）-laying（现在分词）
(7) ...some hang down, and others point upwards. (P. 9)
① hang意为“悬挂”，过去式和过去分词都是hung，hang表示“上吊”时，过去式和过去分词是hanged。
This picture is hung on the wall.
The man was hanged for murder.
② point作动词，意为“指、指向”常用的短语有point out“指出、指明”；point to意为“指向”，强调方向；point at表示指着某一个物体，指人时一般表示粗鲁或者不礼貌。
He pointed to the door and there I saw a girl smiling at me.
The teacher pointed at the map and told where Britain was.
Grammar
The lake is very big-it takes up three quarters of the area. (P. 12)
① take up意为“占据空间、占用时间”。
He has taken up a position in the centre of the room.
I know how busy you must be and I wouldn’t want to take up too much of your time.
② quarter作名词，意为“四分之一”。
Three quarters of the students are boys.
There are many tone lions on either side of it. (P. 12)
either表示“两者中的任何一个”，做主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式，起其后可接of短语。
You can come on Saturday or Sunday. Either is OK for me.
We can't care much for what to eat. Either of the two will do.
neither 表示“两者都不”，做主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式，其后可接of短语。
We have red and yellow T-shirts. Which color do you like
Oh, neither. I think blue will be OK.
Neither of them wants to speak to him about this matter.
They provide a high level of services. (P. 14)
service作名词，意为“服务”，动词形式为serve。
We all complain about the poor services of the hotel.
Children must be educated to serve their country when they grow up.
4. Study skills&Task
over one billion, the second largest population in the world. (P. 18)
population表示“人口”，是集合名词，对人口数量提问时，用what而不用how many/much，population若作主语，强调整体概念时，谓语用单数形式，强调个体时，谓语用复数形式。
What’s the population in China now
The population of this small town is three thousand.
More than one fifth of the population of the country are over 60 years old.
famous for IT(information technology) industry. (P. 18)
be famous for sth.“因……而出名”
The writer is famous for his novels.
be famous as“作为……而出名”
The man is famous as a novelist.
【重点短语】
in the middle of 在……中间
be praised as 被称赞为……
take up 占据、占用
look in the eyes 看着对方的眼睛
【语法讲解】
代词it的用法
指代前面提到过的事物。
This is not my book. It is Jim’s.
用来指代婴儿或者身份不明的人。
Someone is knocking at the door. Please go and see who it is.
指时间或者季节。
It is ten o’clock now.
指天气。
It is sunny today.
指距离。
How far is it from your school to your home
作形式主语，常用于下列句型中：
It is+adj.+(for/of sb.) to do sth.“做某事对某人来说是怎么样的”。
It’s nice of you to help me so much.
It is important for us to work hard.
It’s time to do/for/that...“该做某事了”。
It’s time to get up/for lunch/that we went home.
It seems that...“看起来似乎……”。
It seems that he is quite happy.
④ It’s one’s turn to do...“轮到某人做某事”。
It’s your turn to sing.
⑤ It’s+adj.+that从句
It is necessary that you should be present at the meeting.
作形式宾语。
形式宾语的常见结构为：think/feel/find+it+adj./n.+to do sth.。
Do you think it necessary to learn to wait in line
【教材内容解析】
Comic strip&Welcome to the unit
Wow, the Great Wall is amazing, isn’t it (P. 6)
反意疑问句是提出情况或者看法，问对方是否同意的句子。一般由陈述句和反意疑问句构成。反意疑问句部分要与前面的陈述句用逗号隔开，句末用问号。如果陈述句部分是肯定结构，反意疑问句部分就用否定结构，反之亦然。反意疑问句部分的主语需用代词，并与陈述句部分的主语一致，谓语动词在人称、数和时态上也要与陈述句部分一致。
反意疑问句的构成如下：
肯定的陈述句+be动词/助动词/情态动词+not+主语（代词）
否定的陈述句+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语（代词）
反意疑问句还有如下一些值得注意的情况：
陈述句部分含有never, few, little, nothing, nobody, no, hardly, none等表示否定意义的词时，反意疑问句部分用肯定形式。
He has few friends at school, does he
注意：当陈述句谓语动词是含有否定意义的前缀的词时，反意疑问句部分还是要用否定形式。
He dislikes smoking, doesn’t he
陈述句部分是there be结构，反意疑问句用be there。
There is a book on the desk, isn’t there
当陈述句部分的主语是指物的不定代词，something, anything, everything等时，反意疑问句主语用it；如果主语是指人的不定代词somebody, anybody, everybody等时，反意疑问句主语用they或he。
Someone wants to see you, don’t they
④ 当陈述句的主语是this，that时，反意疑问句主语用it；当陈述句的主语是these， those时，反意疑问句主句用they。
This is an interesting film, isn’t it
Those aren’t banana trees, are they
⑤ 当陈述句谓语动词含有have/has/had时，若时态为完成时态或者含有had better，反意疑问句用have/has/had，其它情况需要借助助动词构成反意疑问句。
Jack has a new watch, doesn’t he
They had to get up early in the morning, didn’t they
He has been to Beijing twice, hasn’t he
We'd better stop talking, hadn’t we
⑥ 当陈述句部分含有need时，如果need作行为动词，则反意疑问句部分用do/does/did，如果need作情态动词，则反意疑问句部分用need。
We need to buy a new washing machine, don’t we
We needn’t set out at once, need we
⑦ 当陈述句部分是肯定的祈使句，反意疑问句用will you或者won't you，当陈述句是否定的祈使句，反意疑问句用will you。
Pass me the salt, will/won’t you
Don’t play football in the street, will you
⑧ 当陈述部分是以let's开头的祈使句，反意疑问句用shall we；当陈述句部分是以let us开头的祈使句，反意疑问句用will you。
Let’s go shopping, shall we
Let us have a look, will/won’t you
⑨ 当陈述句含有must时，当must表示“必须”时，反意疑问句用needn't；当must表示“一定、想必”，反意疑问句部分的谓语应根据must后面的动词来确定。
They must come on time, needn’t they
That man must be Mr. Zhang, isn’t he
⑩ 当陈述句是主从复合句，反意疑问句的主语通常与主句的主语保持一致。
She said he would come tomorrow, didn’t she
注意：若主句的主语是第一人称I/we，其谓语动词又是think, suppose, expect, believe, imagine等时，反意疑问句部分的主语和谓语和从句保持一致。
I don't think he is a good student, is he
We think it is a good idea, isn’t it
特别提醒：
反意疑问句的回答要根据具体的情况来确定用肯定形式还是否定形式。
--Lucy is very good at skating, isn’t she
--Yes, she is.
--You don’t like eating beef, do you
--No, I don’t.
(2) It tiring to climb the steps and my feet hurt. (P. 6)
① tiring意为“使人疲劳的、累人的”，其动词形式是tire。
What a tiring job!
A day’s work tired him.
【辨析】tiring, tiresome和tired
tiring和tiresome都表示“令人讨厌的、令人疲乏的”，具有主动含义，多用来修饰表示事物的名词；tired表示“疲倦的、劳累的”，主要表示人感到劳累。
That is a tiring/tiresome walk.
He has worked the whole day, so he feels very tired.
② step用作名词，表示“台阶、阶梯、步骤”。
A little girl was sitting on the step of the house.
The first step is very basic.
We should take steps to prevent the war.
【拓展】
1. step也可以用作动词，意为“踩、踏”。
She stepped on a loose stone and twisted her ankle.
2. step的相关短语
step by step 逐步地 take steps 采取措施 watch your step 小心行走
step down 辞职、让位 step up 提高、增加、加快 step into 进入
We had better keep moving. (P. 6)
① had better do sth. 表示“最好做某事”，表示劝告、建议或者愿望，否定形式是在had better后面加上not。
例如：
You’d better have a rest.
You’d better not miss the last bus.
② keep (on) doing sth.意为“继续做某事、重复做某事”。
They kept talking about it.
(4) Tian’anmen Square, the Palace Museum and the Great Wall are wonderful places to go. (P. 7)
to go这里是动词不定式作后置定语，修饰wonderful places。不定式作后置定语时，不定式与所修饰的名词之间往往有动宾关系，如果不定式是不及物动词，动词不定式后面要加上必要的介词。
We want some water to drink.
He is a pleasant fellow to work with.
Reading
In the middle of the ancient city of Beijing is the Palace Museum, also called the Forbidden City. (P. 8)
① in the middle of表示“在……中间”。
What can you see in the middle of the picture
The teacher is standing in the middle of us.
② called此处为动词的过去分词作定语，意为“被称为、被叫作”，与named同义。
例如：
This is a book named/called Journey to the West.
The Greens have a daughter named/called Kate.
The emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties used to live there. (P. 8)
used to do sth. “过去常常做某事”，暗含“现在不再”之意，后接动词原形，疑问形式可以直接将used提到句首，或者借助助动词did；否定式可以直接在used后面加not，或者用didn’t。
【辨析】be /get used to doing sth., used to do sth.与be used to do sth.
be /get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 His father is used to watching TV before going to bed.
used to do sth. 过去经常做某事 The boy used to play computer games.
be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 More and more wood is used to make paper.
(3) With wonderful buildings and art treasures inside, it is well worth a visit.(P. 8)
① with复合结构“with+宾语+宾语补足语”在句中作状语，表示伴随、原因、时间、条件、方式等。作宾语补足语的可以是形容词、名词、副词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词或者动词不定式。
He stood before his teacher with his head down.
She said good-bye with tears in her eyes.
He fell asleep with the lamp burning.
I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash.
② be worth后常接名词或者动名词，表示“值……”。
The new car is worth at least 1 million.
The novel is worth reading once more.
(4) Many tourists like to gather there early in the morning to watch the raising of the national flag. (P. 8)
辨析：rise与raise
rise 不及物动词 意为“升起，上升” The water in the river rose after the heavy rain. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
raise 及物动词 意为“提高，筹集，抬高，举起” The worker want the boss to raise their wages. The teacher asks us to raise our hands if we have questions. We should try our best to raise more money for the poor family.
(5) It is one of the wonders of the world.(P. 8)
1. wonder作名词，意为“奇迹”，常用的句型有：
① It’s a wonder that...意为“奇怪的是……”
It’s a wonder that she is still alive.
② It’s no wonder that...意为“难怪……”。
It’s no wonder that they won’t come.
【拓展】wonder用作及物动词，意为“想知道，对……好奇”，常见的用法有：
① 后接who, what, why, where, when, how, which引导的宾语从句。
She wondered what the child was doing.
② 后接if和whether引导的宾语从句。
She wondered whether you were free that morning.
③ 后接“疑问词+不定式”构成的短语。
I’m just wondering how to do it.
(6) It lies on the two sides of the Lijiang River.(P. 9)
动词lie表示“躺、位于、撒谎”
lie（躺、位于）—lay（过去式）—lain（过去分词）-lying（现在分词）
lie（撒谎）—lied（过去式）—lied（过去分词）-lying（现在分词）
lay（放置、下蛋）—laid（过去式）—laid（过去分词）-laying（现在分词）
(7) ...some hang down, and others point upwards. (P. 9)
① hang意为“悬挂”，过去式和过去分词都是hung，hang表示“上吊”时，过去式和过去分词是hanged。
This picture is hung on the wall.
The man was hanged for murder.
② point作动词，意为“指、指向”常用的短语有point out“指出、指明”；point to意为“指向”，强调方向；point at表示指着某一个物体，指人时一般表示粗鲁或者不礼貌。
He pointed to the door and there I saw a girl smiling at me.
The teacher pointed at the map and told where Britain was.
Grammar
The lake is very big-it takes up three quarters of the area. (P. 12)
① take up意为“占据空间、占用时间”。
He has taken up a position in the centre of the room.
I know how busy you must be and I wouldn’t want to take up too much of your time.
② quarter作名词，意为“四分之一”。
Three quarters of the students are boys.
There are many tone lions on either side of it. (P. 12)
either表示“两者中的任何一个”，做主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式，起其后可接of短语。
You can come on Saturday or Sunday. Either is OK for me.
We can't care much for what to eat. Either of the two will do.
neither 表示“两者都不”，做主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式，其后可接of短语。
We have red and yellow T-shirts. Which color do you like
Oh, neither. I think blue will be OK.
Neither of them wants to speak to him about this matter.
They provide a high level of services. (P. 14)
service作名词，意为“服务”，动词形式为serve。
We all complain about the poor services of the hotel.
Children must be educated to serve their country when they grow up.
4. Study skills&Task
over one billion, the second largest population in the world. (P. 18)
population表示“人口”，是集合名词，对人口数量提问时，用what而不用how many/much，population若作主语，强调整体概念时，谓语用单数形式，强调个体时，谓语用复数形式。
What’s the population in China now
The population of this small town is three thousand.
More than one fifth of the population of the country are over 60 years old.
famous for IT(information technology) industry. (P. 18)
be famous for sth.“因……而出名”
The writer is famous for his novels.
be famous as“作为……而出名”
The man is famous as a novelist.
【重点短语】
in the middle of 在……中间
be praised as 被称赞为……
take up 占据、占用
look in the eyes 看着对方的眼睛
【语法讲解】
代词it的用法
指代前面提到过的事物。
This is not my book. It is Jim’s.
用来指代婴儿或者身份不明的人。
Someone is knocking at the door. Please go and see who it is.
指时间或者季节。
It is ten o’clock now.
指天气。
It is sunny today.
指距离。
How far is it from your school to your home
作形式主语，常用于下列句型中：
It is+adj.+(for/of sb.) to do sth.“做某事对某人来说是怎么样的”。
It’s nice of you to help me so much.
It is important for us to work hard.
It’s time to do/for/that...“该做某事了”。
It’s time to get up/for lunch/that we went home.
It seems that...“看起来似乎……”。
It seems that he is quite happy.
④ It’s one’s turn to do...“轮到某人做某事”。
It’s your turn to sing.
⑤ It’s+adj.+that从句
It is necessary that you should be present at the meeting.
作形式宾语。
形式宾语的常见结构为：think/feel/find+it+adj./n.+to do sth.。
Do you think it necessary to learn to wait in line