Unit 4 Life on Mars单元知识点全解
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| 名称 | Unit 4 Life on Mars单元知识点全解 |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2022-04-09 18:30:53 | ||
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译林牛津9B Unit 4 Life on Mars教材全解
【教材内容解析】
Comic strip&Welcome to the unit
Me neither (P. 50)
Me neither意为“我也不……”，源于“neither+be动词/助动词/情态动词+与前句不同的主语”，用于说明后一句所述的情况与前一句所述的否定情况相同，neither用作副词，表示“也不”。
--He hasn’t been to Hong Kong.
--Me neither.
(2) How do you like life on Mars (P. 50)
How do you like... 相当于What do you think of... 意思是“你觉得……怎么样”。
--How do you like the Great Wall
--It’s great. I like it very much.
And we might need sleeping bags too. (P. 51)
might这里意为“可能”，表示推测，另外，might还可以表示请求，意为“可以”。
He said he might be late, but he was early.
Might I use your bike
Reading
At present, our spacecraft are too slow to carry large numbers of passengers to Mars-it would take months. (P. 52)
a number of相当于numbers of意为“许多、大量”用来修饰可数名词复数，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；the number of意为“……的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
例如：
A number of students are playing tennis.
The number of the students in our school is over 2000.
The gravity on Mars is only about three-eighteens of that on the Earth. (P. 53)
分数的表达，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1时，分母加s表示复数。
例如：
1/3 one third 3/8 three eighths
“分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词单复数，取决于名词的单复数。名词为单数则谓语动词用单数，名词为复数则谓语动词用复数。
1. Two thirds of the land is covered with water. 三分之二的陆地都是被水所覆盖的。
2. One fifth of the students come from the countryside. 五分之一的学生来自农村。
(3) People would have to wear boots that are specially designed to prevent themselves from floating off into space.(P. 53)
prevent表示“阻止”时，常用于“prevent sb. from doing sth.”结构中，意为“阻止某人做某事”，动词prevent也可以换成stop或者keep。
We should prevent/stop/keep farmers from cutting the forests.
(4) Compared with life on the Earth, life on Mars would be better in some ways. (P. 53)
compare表示“比较”时，常用的结构有两个：compare...with...“把……同……比较”；compare...to...“把……比作……”。
Don’t compare your children with others’.
We often compare the little kids to the flowers of the motherland.
(5) Life on Mars would be interesting as well as challenging.(P. 53)
as well as表示“既……又……”，连接两个成分作主语时，谓语动词的单复数通常与as well as前主语保持一致。
Mr Fang grows flowers as well as vegetables.
Jack as well as his parents is going to London.
Grammar
Are scientists in agreement that living on Mars would be possible for humans in the future (P. 57)
agreement名词，意为“同意、协议”，in agreement表示“同意、一致”。
Mr Zhang nodded in agreement.
I’m glad we are in agreement about one thing, at least.
【拓展】agree的用法
① agree with sb. 同意某人
I can’t agree with you more.
② agree to sth. 同意某事
Do you agree to the plan
③ agree on sth. 在某事上达成一致意见
They finally agreed on the design of the bridge.
④ agree to do sth. 同意做某事
Her parents don’t agree to marry their daughter to the man.
4. Integrated skills
(1) However, some other students were worried about about living there. (P. 60)
① worry about sb./sth. “为某人/某事而担心”
You don’t need to worry about the coming exam.
② be worried about sth. “担心某人/某事”
The parents are worried about their sick son.
(2) I’m not sure if it’s worth the risk. (P. 60)
risk表示“冒险时”，既可以作名词，也可以作动词，作名词常和动词take连用，take a risk“冒险”；作动词时，后接动名词作宾语。
The fireman took the risk of losing his life and saved the boy from the burning building.
=The fireman risked losing his life and saved the boy from the burning building.
5. Study skills&Task
There are two moons to visit, but most people may prefer to watch the amazing low-gravity basketball games instead. (P. 63)
prefer的用法
① prefer sth. to sth. 同某物比起来更喜欢某物
I prefer bananas to apples.
② prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 同做某事比起来更喜欢做某事
He prefers swimming to fishing.
③ prefer to do sth. 宁愿做某事
The girl prefers to stay at home at the weekends.
④ prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事，相当于would rather do sth. than do sth.
The boy prefer to play outside on hot days rather than stay in the room.
=The boy would rather play outside on hot days than stay in the room.
instead的用法
instead作副词，表示“而不是、代替”，常放在句尾，当后面需要接宾语时，用instead of。
Jim didn’t go to the park with his classmates. He stayed in the classroom instead.
=Jim stayed in the classroom instead of going to the park with his classmates.
【重点短语】
sleeping bags 睡袋
(all) over again再、重新
at a/the speed of 以……速度
in the form of以……形式
compare with与……相比
prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
in some ways 在某些方面
as well as 而且
carry out 开展、执行
after all 毕竟
【语法讲解】
简单句和复合句之间的转换（二）
一、含有状语从句的复合句与简单句之间的转换
在英语中，我们可以用at the age of, because of, without...等介词短语，将含有状语从句的复合句改为简单句。
He learnt to swim when he was eight years old.
→He learnt to swim at the age of eight.
注意：转换时要注意时态和意思的一致性和准确性。
二、含有宾语从句的复合句与简单句之间的转换
在英语中，我们可以用of..., like...等介词短语，将含有宾语从句的复合句改为简单句。
The photos remind me that I travelled to the UK five years ago
→The photos remind me of my trip to the UK five years ago.
注意：常用的一些动词和介词的搭配有：
remind somebody of...
be sure/certain about...
3.含有定语从句的复合句与简单句之间的转换
在英语中，我们可以用with..., in....等介词短语，将含有定语从句的复合句改为简单句。
Do you know the girl who is holding two books in her hand
→Do you know the girl with two books in her hand
The man who wears a blue shirt is our English teacher.
→The man in a blue shirt is our English teacher.
【教材内容解析】
Comic strip&Welcome to the unit
Me neither (P. 50)
Me neither意为“我也不……”，源于“neither+be动词/助动词/情态动词+与前句不同的主语”，用于说明后一句所述的情况与前一句所述的否定情况相同，neither用作副词，表示“也不”。
--He hasn’t been to Hong Kong.
--Me neither.
(2) How do you like life on Mars (P. 50)
How do you like... 相当于What do you think of... 意思是“你觉得……怎么样”。
--How do you like the Great Wall
--It’s great. I like it very much.
And we might need sleeping bags too. (P. 51)
might这里意为“可能”，表示推测，另外，might还可以表示请求，意为“可以”。
He said he might be late, but he was early.
Might I use your bike
Reading
At present, our spacecraft are too slow to carry large numbers of passengers to Mars-it would take months. (P. 52)
a number of相当于numbers of意为“许多、大量”用来修饰可数名词复数，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；the number of意为“……的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
例如：
A number of students are playing tennis.
The number of the students in our school is over 2000.
The gravity on Mars is only about three-eighteens of that on the Earth. (P. 53)
分数的表达，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1时，分母加s表示复数。
例如：
1/3 one third 3/8 three eighths
“分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词单复数，取决于名词的单复数。名词为单数则谓语动词用单数，名词为复数则谓语动词用复数。
1. Two thirds of the land is covered with water. 三分之二的陆地都是被水所覆盖的。
2. One fifth of the students come from the countryside. 五分之一的学生来自农村。
(3) People would have to wear boots that are specially designed to prevent themselves from floating off into space.(P. 53)
prevent表示“阻止”时，常用于“prevent sb. from doing sth.”结构中，意为“阻止某人做某事”，动词prevent也可以换成stop或者keep。
We should prevent/stop/keep farmers from cutting the forests.
(4) Compared with life on the Earth, life on Mars would be better in some ways. (P. 53)
compare表示“比较”时，常用的结构有两个：compare...with...“把……同……比较”；compare...to...“把……比作……”。
Don’t compare your children with others’.
We often compare the little kids to the flowers of the motherland.
(5) Life on Mars would be interesting as well as challenging.(P. 53)
as well as表示“既……又……”，连接两个成分作主语时，谓语动词的单复数通常与as well as前主语保持一致。
Mr Fang grows flowers as well as vegetables.
Jack as well as his parents is going to London.
Grammar
Are scientists in agreement that living on Mars would be possible for humans in the future (P. 57)
agreement名词，意为“同意、协议”，in agreement表示“同意、一致”。
Mr Zhang nodded in agreement.
I’m glad we are in agreement about one thing, at least.
【拓展】agree的用法
① agree with sb. 同意某人
I can’t agree with you more.
② agree to sth. 同意某事
Do you agree to the plan
③ agree on sth. 在某事上达成一致意见
They finally agreed on the design of the bridge.
④ agree to do sth. 同意做某事
Her parents don’t agree to marry their daughter to the man.
4. Integrated skills
(1) However, some other students were worried about about living there. (P. 60)
① worry about sb./sth. “为某人/某事而担心”
You don’t need to worry about the coming exam.
② be worried about sth. “担心某人/某事”
The parents are worried about their sick son.
(2) I’m not sure if it’s worth the risk. (P. 60)
risk表示“冒险时”，既可以作名词，也可以作动词，作名词常和动词take连用，take a risk“冒险”；作动词时，后接动名词作宾语。
The fireman took the risk of losing his life and saved the boy from the burning building.
=The fireman risked losing his life and saved the boy from the burning building.
5. Study skills&Task
There are two moons to visit, but most people may prefer to watch the amazing low-gravity basketball games instead. (P. 63)
prefer的用法
① prefer sth. to sth. 同某物比起来更喜欢某物
I prefer bananas to apples.
② prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 同做某事比起来更喜欢做某事
He prefers swimming to fishing.
③ prefer to do sth. 宁愿做某事
The girl prefers to stay at home at the weekends.
④ prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事，相当于would rather do sth. than do sth.
The boy prefer to play outside on hot days rather than stay in the room.
=The boy would rather play outside on hot days than stay in the room.
instead的用法
instead作副词，表示“而不是、代替”，常放在句尾，当后面需要接宾语时，用instead of。
Jim didn’t go to the park with his classmates. He stayed in the classroom instead.
=Jim stayed in the classroom instead of going to the park with his classmates.
【重点短语】
sleeping bags 睡袋
(all) over again再、重新
at a/the speed of 以……速度
in the form of以……形式
compare with与……相比
prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
in some ways 在某些方面
as well as 而且
carry out 开展、执行
after all 毕竟
【语法讲解】
简单句和复合句之间的转换（二）
一、含有状语从句的复合句与简单句之间的转换
在英语中，我们可以用at the age of, because of, without...等介词短语，将含有状语从句的复合句改为简单句。
He learnt to swim when he was eight years old.
→He learnt to swim at the age of eight.
注意：转换时要注意时态和意思的一致性和准确性。
二、含有宾语从句的复合句与简单句之间的转换
在英语中，我们可以用of..., like...等介词短语，将含有宾语从句的复合句改为简单句。
The photos remind me that I travelled to the UK five years ago
→The photos remind me of my trip to the UK five years ago.
注意：常用的一些动词和介词的搭配有：
remind somebody of...
be sure/certain about...
3.含有定语从句的复合句与简单句之间的转换
在英语中，我们可以用with..., in....等介词短语，将含有定语从句的复合句改为简单句。
Do you know the girl who is holding two books in her hand
→Do you know the girl with two books in her hand
The man who wears a blue shirt is our English teacher.
→The man in a blue shirt is our English teacher.