Unit 6 Birdwatching 教材全解及单元测试卷

译林牛津8 A Unit 6 Birdwatching
教材全解及单元测试卷
【教材内容解析】
Comic strip
I often go to the market to watch the birds. (P. 68)
句中的to watch the birds是动词不定式结构，在句中作目的状语，可位于句首或者句尾。
To catch the bus, he got up early.
My parents came to New York to see me last month.
The science teacher encourages the Class 1, Grade 8 students to join the Birdwatching Society to learn more about birds in the wetlands. (P. 68)
encourage用作及物动词，意为“鼓励”，encourage sb. (not) to do sth.“鼓励某人（不）做某事”，名词形式为encouragement。
My English teacher often encourages me to study.
Welcome to the unit
The science teacher is showing the students some pictures of birds. (P. 69)
show sb. sth.相当于show sth. to sb. 意为“把某物给某人看”。
I will show you my picture.
=I will show my picture to you.
(2) She is also giving them descriptions of the birds. (P. 69)
description此处用作可数名词，表示“描述”，动词是describe。
Please give the description of the picture.
Can you describe him to me
There are only 15 types of crams. They’re rare birds. (P. 69)
① type用作可数名词，表示“种”，a type of意为“一种”，相当于a kind of。
There are many types of books in the bookshop. You can choose any one to buy.
② rare作形容词，表示“稀有的”，rarely是副词，意为“很少、难得”。
The red-crowned cranes are rare birds.
He is so busy this month that he rarely goes to see his parents.
Reading
The area provides food and cover foe a lot of wildlife. (P. 70)
provide此处用作及物动词，意为“提供、供应”，provide sb. with sth.=provide sth. for sb.“为某人提供某物”。
The school provides food for some students.
=The school provides some students with food.
Many birds live in Zhalong all year around, while some go there only for a short stay. (P. 70)
① all year around意为“一年到头”，也可以写作all the year round。
The rainforests are green all year around.
② while此处用作连词，意为“然而”，用于强调两种情况之间的差别，表示对比。
Some people like playing chess, while others like walking.
There is plenty of rain in the southeast, while there’s little in the northwest.
③ stay此处用作名词，表示“停留、逗留”。
I enjoyed my stay in Beijing.
Most birds are active in the daytime, so you can easily watch them there. (P. 70)
active此处用作形容词，意为“活跃的、忙碌的、积极的”。
Although he is nearly 80, he is still very active.
She takes an active part in school life.
There are not many cranes left in the world, and 40 per cent of them live in Zhalong. (P. 70)
per cent作名词，意为“百分之……”，percent of表示“……中的百分之……”，后接名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由of后面的名词决定。
In fact, we use only 10 percent of our brain.
Ninety percent of the water is polluted.
Sixty-five percent of the children like fast food.
Some people want to make the wetlands smaller in order to have more space for farms and buildings. (P. 70)
① in order to意为“为了……”后面跟动词不定式，作目的状语。in order to可位于句中或者句首，in order not to do sth. 意为“为了不做某事”。
Tom got up early in order to catch the first bus.
In order not to make his mother angry, he decided to give up playing computer games.
② have space for意为“挪出地方”，相当于make space for，此处的space是不可数名词。
Can we have/make space for another chair
This will lead to less and less space for wildlife. (P. 70)
lead to意为“导致”，此处to是介词，后跟名词或者代词，另外，lead to还可以表示“通向”。
This will lead to many problems in the future.
The road leads to a small lake.
As a result, the birds do not have enough food to eat. (P. 70)
enough此处用作形容词，意为“足够的、充足的”，作定语修饰名词时，可以放在名词前面，也可以放在名词后面。
Don’t worry. We have enough time/time enough.
【拓展】enough的其它用法
enough可以用作副词，意为“充分地、足够地”，修饰形容词和副词，放在被修饰词后面。
The girl smart enough.
形容词/副词+enough (for sb.) to do sth.“（对某人而言）足够……做某事”。
The room is big enough for us to have a meeting.
The man is strong enough to carry the heavy box.
Now the Chinese government has made laws to prevent all these things in Zhalong. (P. 70)
prevent此处用作及物动词，意为“阻止”，prevent...from doing...“阻止……做某事”，可与stop/keep...from doing进行互换。
Nothing could prevent us from reading our aims.
We record their types and changes in their numbers. (P. 70)
change此处用作名词，意为“变化”，也可以用作动词，change into意为“变成、变为”，change...into...“把……变成……”。
There are many changes in our city.
Water can change into ice.
The government will change this place into a park.
Every year, a lot of tourists go to Zhalong to watch the birds. (P. 70)
tourist意为“游客”，是由“tour+后缀ist”构成的，类似的还有physicist, pianist, artist, scientist, dentist, chemist.
What should tourists take with them
We hope this will help people understand the importance of the wetlands. (P. 70)
importance是名词，意为“重要性”，importance的形容词是important。
We all know the importance of the meeting.
Grammar
Mr Wu agreed to let me join their school trip. (P. 74)
agree作动词，意为“同意、赞同”，名词形式为agreement，反义词是disagree，agree to do sth.意为“同意做某事”。
She agreed to buy this book.
【拓展】agree的其它用法
1. agree with sb.意为“同意某人的看法或者想法”。
I am afraid I can’t agree with you.
2. agree to sth. 同意（计划、安排、建议）
Do you think he’ll agree to our proposal
3. agree on 约定、商定
Can we agree on a date
(2) Mr Wu asked us to wear a pair of comfortable shoes because we would have to walk a long way. (P. 74)
comfortable表示“舒服的”，反义词是uncomfortable。
The restaurant has the most comfortable seats in town.
I think cotton clothes are comfortable to wear.
Integrated skills
Yancheng Nature Reserve is home to different kinds of plants and rare birds. (P. 76)
different kinds of表示“不同种类的”，a kind of“一种”，all kinds of“各种各样的”。
It’s a kind of food.
There are all kinds of books in the bookstore.
What should we take with us when we go birdwatching. Sandy (P. 76)
go birdwatching意为“去观鸟”，属于“go+doing”结构，表示“去做某事”。
I went skating in winter years ago.
Anything else. (P. 76)
else作副词，意为“别的、其它的”，常放在不定代词或者疑问词后面。
I can see nobody else in the room.
Where else have you ever been
Task
I am very interested in...(P. 78)
be interested in意为“对……感兴趣”，相当于take an interest in。
Most boys are interested in sports.
My brother is interested in playing the piano.
First, let me introduce myself. (P. 79)
introduce作及物动词，意为“介绍”，introduce sb. to sb. “向某人介绍某人”，introduce oneself“自我介绍”。
Can I introduce my friend to you
I enjoy the natural world. (P. 79)
natural做形容词，意为“自然的”，名词形式为nature，表示“大自然、自然界”。
There are many secrets in the natural world.
I love the beauty of nature.
【重点短语和句型归纳】
重点短语
1.encourage sb. (not) to do sth. 鼓励某人（不要）做某事
2.go to the market 去市场
3.all year round一年到头
4.look like 看起来像
5.rare birds 稀有鸟类
6.for a short stay做短暂的停留
7.in the daytime 在白天
8.lead to导致
9.as a result 结果
10.in danger 处在危险之中
11.make laws制定法律
12.different kinds of 不同种类的
13.get thirsty感到口渴
14.all over the world 全世界
15.introduce oneself 自我介绍
16.become a member of 成为....的一员
17.make sounds 发出声音
18.from...to....从...到...
19.take part in参加
20.call sb. on 拨打...给某人
重点句型
had better do sth. 最好做某事
It is +adj.+to do sth. 做某事是……的
sb. will .....if......如果.....,将会.....
I think it is+adj.+for sb. To do sth. 我认为对某人来说做某事是....的
It takes sb. some time to do sth. 花费某人多少时间做某事
one of the +形容词最高级+名词复数 最.....之一
not only.....,but also.....不仅....而且....
hope+that从句 希望……
adj./adv.+enough (for sb.) to do sth.(对某人而言)足够....做某事
while作连词，引导时间状语从句
【语法讲解】
（一）动词不定式表示目的
在英语中表示做某事的目的，常用动词不定式和in order to结构，但in order to 表示目的比动词不定式更加的正式。其固定结构为“to+动词原形”和“in order to +动词原形”。to后面的成分是目的状语。
He came here to borrow my bike.
The rich woman spent all her time and money in order to be well dressed.
（二）使用“动词+宾语+不定式”结构
英语中可以把一些动词与宾语和动词不定式放在一起，不定式结构做宾补。具体结构为“动词+宾语+to do sth.”，否定式在动词不定式的前面加not，即：“动词+宾语+not to do sth.”。
① 带to的不定式作宾补可以用带to的不定式作宾补的动词常有：ask, tell, order, invite, beg, get, allow, wish, want, encourage, advise, warn等。
The teacher asked us to finish our homework.
She wanted him to sing for her friends.
② 不带to的不定式作宾补
动词不定式在使役动词(make, let , have)或感官动词(feel, listen to , hear, look at, see, watch, notice)之后作宾补时不定式需要省to。为了便于记忆，我们可以这样记“一感”（feel）、“二听”（listen, hear）、“三让”（let, make, have）、“四看”（look at, see, watch, notice）。
I felt someone open my door.
Please listen to me sing the song again.
You must watch me carefully do everything.
感官动词后既可跟省略to的不定式作宾补，也可跟现在分词作宾补。其区别是：前者强调动作的全过程或经常性；后者则强调动作在进行（片段）。
I heard her sing.
I heard her singing.
③ 带to或不带to的不定式作宾补
在动词help后可以跟带to的不定式作宾补，也可以跟不带to的不定式作宾补。
He often helps me (to) clean the room.
【单元测试卷】
短语翻译（每题1分，共10分）
一个自然保护区 2、作短暂停留
阻止某事的发生 4、中国政府
5、变渴了 6、越来越少
7、…的重要性 8、制定法律
9、不同种类的鸟 10、写下，记下某事
单项选择（每题1分，共15分）
( ) 1.（2013江苏淮安）—Let’s go on a picnic this weekend, Ok
—That sounds
great B. well C. hardly D. terribly
( ) 2. (2013山东莱芜)When I walked past the park, I saw some old people
Chinese Taiji.
do B.did C. doing D. are doing
( ) 3. (2013北京) — do you go to the cinema
—Once a month.
How long B. How far C. How often D. How much
( ) 4. (2013重庆)The girl in purple is new here, so people know her.
few B. a few C. little D. a little
( ) 5. (2013四川凉山) —Is New Zealand a big country
—No, New Zealand only has two island. One is North Island, is South Island.
other B. the other C. another D. the another
( ) 6. (2013河北)We can hardly believe that you learn to dance so .
quick B. quickly C. useful D. usefully
( )7. (2013湖北十堰) How kind you are! You always do what you can others.
help B. helping C. helps D. to help
( ) 8. (2012山东日照) —Do you enjoy a volunteer
—If you want this, you’d better join us..
being; knowing B.to be; knowing
C. being; to know D. to be; to know
( ) 9. (2010安徽)Bob promises to join in the football match he has to help his parents on the farm.
if B. as C. unless D. when
( ) 10. (2009江苏宿迁) —Excuse me. do you say “autumn” in American English
—It’s fall.
How B. When C. Where D. Why
( ) 11. (2013重庆) — does your father play tennis after work
—Every Tuesday and Thursday.
How often B. How soon C. Where D. Why
( ) 12. (2013天津)He an English club last year and has improved his English a lot.
protected B. produced C. joined D. received
( ) 13. (2013湖北孝感) My host family tried to cook for me when I studies in New Zealand.
A. different something B. different anything
C. something different D. anything different
( ) 14. (2013天津) —Why not go to Lao She Teahouse tonight
.
A. It doesn’t matter B. Thank you
C. Sorry to hear that D. Sounds great
( ) 15. (2012广东梅州) If anyone ever asks her how old she is, she always answers, “My dear, it must be terrible __________!”
A. grown up B. being grown up
C. be grown up D. to be grown up
完形填空（每题1分，共10分）
Wang Ling, a middle school girl, felt angry with her parents after getting a boy’s phone call. “A classmate called me to discuss homework. We talked 1 just a few minutes before my parents got mad,” said the girl. “They asked whether I liked the boy. I said I didn’t 2 they wouldn’t believe me.”
Wang’s trouble is not strange at all because puppy love (早恋) becomes a big headache for 3 parents and schools. They worry that puppy love will be bad for 4 . Her school makes it a rule not to allow any talk or any physical contact (身体接触) 5 one boy and one girl alone.
Many students say they understand 6 parents and teachers are so nervous about puppy love. But some think they are going too far. “We have our own thoughts and we know what to 7 with it,” said Wang Ling.
Another girl, Jiang Ting, liked making friends with boys. “Boys and girls can learn from each other,” she said. “My mother asks me to study hard. However, she 8 stops me from making friends with boys.” Once Jiang told her mother she might fall in love with a boy. Her mother let Jiang make 9 own decision. Soon Jiang found that she didn’t like him any more because the boy was not as 10 as what she had thought before. And she did worse and worse in her subjects because she spent much on it. At last she understood the worry from schools and most parents about puppy love.
( ) 1. A. for B. in C. with D. to
( ) 2. A. because B. if C. but D. and
( ) 3. A. both B. none C. either D. neither
( ) 4. A. game B. study C. match D. housework
( ) 5. A. during B. between C. around D. about
( ) 6. A. how B. what C. who D. why
( ) 7. A. play B. live C. do D. fill
( ) 8. A. never B. already C. ever D. just
( ) 9. A. its B. my C. his D. her
( ) 10. A. good B. bad C. heavy D. thin
阅读理解（每题2分，共30分）
A
Started in 1636, Harvard (哈佛) University is the oldest of all the colleges and universities in the United States. Yale, Princeton, Columbia and Dartmouth were opened soon after Harvard.
In the early years, these schools were nearly the same. Only young men went to college. All the students studied the same subjects, and everyone learned Latin and Greek. Little was known about science. And few people knew that one kind of school could teach everything that was known about the world. When the students graduated, most of them became ministers or teachers.
In 1782, Harvard started a medical school for young men who wanted to become doctors. Later, lawyers could study in Harvard’s law school. In 1825, besides Latin and Greek, Harvard began to teach modern languages, such as French and German. Soon it began to teach American history.
As knowledge increased, Harvard and other colleges began to teach many new subjects. Students were allowed to choose the subjects that interested them.
Today, there are many different kinds of colleges and universities. Most of them are made up of smaller schools that deal with special fields of learning. There’s so much to learn that one kind of school can’t offer all.
( ) 1. In the early years, people learned ________ in colleges.
science B. medicine C. law D. Latin and Greek
( ) 2. Most of college graduates became ________ in the early years.
A. ministers or teachers B. lawyers
C. doctors D. workers
( ) 3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A. In the early years, everyone can go to colleges.
B. In 1782, Harvard began to teach German.
C. In the early years, different colleges majored in different fields.
D. More and more courses were taught in college with the
improvement of knowledge.
( ) 4. Which of the following is the right order of the courses taught in Harvard
a. law
b. French and German
c. Latin and Greek
d. medicine
e. American history
A. d-b-e-c-a B. a-d-b-c-e
C. c-d-a-b-e D. c-d-b-e-a
( ) 5. Nowadays college students ________.
A. can learn everything they are interested in
B. go to different smaller schools that deal with special fields of learning
C. learn the same subjects
D. must learn Latin and Greek
B
One day, a woman walked into a pet store to buy a bird for her Thanksgiving Day party. The guy said, “We only have one parrot. But I think you do not want it because it can talk…”
The woman said happily, “That’s great. I’ve always wanted a talking bird.”
So the guy said, “Since you are a nice lady, I’ll give it to you as a gift.”
And the lady went home and put the bird on her bed and walked out of the room. But as soon as she walked into the kitchen, the bird started to speak dirty words as loud as it could. The woman walked back into the room thinking, “I can’t have this at my party!” So she took the bird and put it in the fridge.
A few hours later, while the woman was eating, she remembered that her bird was still in the fridge. Quickly, she opened the door and found it was shivering. Then she took out the bird at once. She said to the bird, “I’ll keep you out of there if you don’t use that language again. Do you agree with me ”
The bird nodded and asked, “Can I just ask a quick question ” The lady nodded and said, “Yes, you may.”
The bird pointed at the turkey behind him and asked, “What did he do ”
( ) 6. The woman went into the pet store because .
A. she wanted to buy a bird for Thanksgiving Day party
B. she wanted to buy a bird to make a big meal
C. there were lots of nice birds in it
D. she wanted to buy a bird for his son’s birthday
( ) 7. The woman got the bird .
A. by paying the guy some money
B. by taking it away without telling the guy
C. by giving the guy nothing
D. by asking the guy to give her
( ) 8. The woman put the bird in the fridge because .
A. she wanted to cook it on Thanksgiving Day
B. she thought it’s the best place for it to live in
C. the bird liked living in the cold place
D. the bird spoke dirty words
( ) 9. The underlined word “shiver” means .
A．睡觉 B．发抖 C．生气 D．跳动
( ) 10. The bird wanted to know .
A. why the turkey was in the fridge
B. why itself was in the fridge
C. who could be in the fridge
D. how the turkey was put into the fridge
C
In the 1920s and 30s the airlines were just beginning. It was unusual for people to travel by air because it was expensive and dangerous. In those days, there were no flight attendants to look after the passengers. Young men ,or “stewards” helped the passengers onto the airplane and carried the passengers’ luggage(行李)but they did not provide food and drinks. But then in 1930,a woman called Ellen Church invented the “stewardess”.
Ellen Church was born in 1904 on a farm in Iowa. She was a different child. She didn’t want to work on a farm or marry a farmer —she wanted a more adventurous(冒险的)life. Ellen studied to be a nurse at the University of Minnesota and then got a job in a hospital. For the next few years she stayed at the hospital but also took flying lessons and got her pilot’s license.
Ellen was twenty-five years old when she first got in touch with Boeing Air Transport. She loved flying but she understood that airlines were a man’s world. Although women like Emelia Earheart were becoming famous, she realized it was impossible for a woman to have a career as a pilot .But she had another idea. Most people were frightened of flying because. flying was still an unreliable(不可靠的) way to travel. There were often delays(延误),many crashes and the bad weathers made many passengers sick. Ellen thought nurses could take care of passengers during flights and B.A.T. agreed.
The young woman from Iowa and seven other nurses became the first air stewardesses.
At first pilots were unhappy because they did not want stewardesses on airplanes, but passengers loved the stewardesses. In 1940 there were around 1000 of them working for different airlines. The early “stewardesses” had to be under twenty-five-year-old, single and slim. When a woman joined an airline, she had to promise not to get married or have children. It was hard job and not well paid. They worked long hours and earned ＄1 an hour.
In the 1970s, stewardesses were unhappy in their job and airlines had to make some changes. Since the 1970s, “stewardesses” have been called flight attendants. They are well paid and work fewer hours than in the past.
( ) 11.The last sentence of the first paragraph suggests that _________.
A. the word “stewardess” was made up by Ellen Church
B. Ellen Church was the first woman who flew a plane
C. Ellen Church was the first woman who worked on a plane
D. Ellen Church was the first woman passenger on a plane
( ) 12. From the second paragraph, we learn that ________.
A. Ellen did not behave in the same way as most as other girls
B. Ellen’s family was not rich enough to support her education
C. Ellen was fond of working as a nurse in the hospital
D. Ellen has an unhappy childhood that changed her completely
( ) 13.The main reason for Boeing Air Transport offering Ellen the job was ________.
A. her flying experience B. her university education
C. her nursing experience D. her life attitudes
( ) 14. According to the passage, in the 1940s a woman had to ________ if she wanted to be a stewardess.
A. be a nurse B. be married
C. be a mother D. be young
( ) 15. The passage mainly talks about _______.
A. the background of early flying pilots
B. the experience of flying passengers
C. the history of early flight attendants
D. the development of airplanes
五、任务型阅读（每题1分，共10分）
We all need a healthy environment, but we produce waster every day and it does harm to our environment. Though we are young, we can still do something to help. In fact, even the simplest everyday activities can make a real difference to the environment. Here are some ideas for you to live a green life.
Remember these three words; reduce, reuse and recycle.
Reduce means “ use less”. Don't waste things. This saves money and reduces pollution and waste going into the environment. Before we buy something new, think if it is really necessary or maybe the old one will be just as good! When we do buy thing, choose local products if possible, and try not to buy too many things from abroad.
Reuse mean “ use again”. Use things for as long as possible. When we buy things, make sure that they last a long time. We should take care of them so that they will last, and we should repair them if we can instead of throwing them away and buying new ones. Don't use a paper cup or a paper bag. It's better to use a china cup and a lunch box because you can use them again.
Recycle means “ change things into something else”. Although it takes energy to change something into something else, it's better than throwing things away or burning them. Find out what can be recycled in your neighbourhood and take part in recycling programmes. We should also buy products made from recycled materials, such as recycled paper, to help save trees.
Title: 1 to Live a Green Life
We produce waste every day and it is 2 to us. We can do something to help.
Ideas Does Don'ts
To 3 Use less Try to save something Don't buy too many things from foreign 4 .
To reuse Use 5 Use things for us long as possible. Buy things that last long. Take care of things or 6 the old things. Don't use 7 cups or bags.
To recycle Change things into something 8 Join in recycling programmes. Buy 9 made from recycled materials. Don't 10 things away or burn them.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
六、用所给词的适当形式填空（每题1分，共15分）
1. They like climbing. They are all (member) of the Climbing Club.
2. One of his jobs is ________ (study) all kinds of the birds in the forest.
3. Let me ______ (tell) you how to do it.
4. A tiger is ______ (danger) when it is hungry.
5. We like science very much because our teacher can always make the lessons ______ (interest).
6. His story made all of us______ (laugh).
7. He often helps his mother ______ (do) the housework.
8. I often hear birds _____ (sing) in the morning.
9. My brother often goes to the market ______ (buy) things.
10. Take a notebook with you ______ (write) down what you hear.
11. Listen! Can you hear someone ______ (cry)
12. We often see them _____ (play) football on the playground.
13. Can you find lots of _______ (space) at the corner
14. It made me _____ (feel) much ______ (wet) because it rained a lot these days.
15. It’s ________(possible) for him to get up so early. He’s far too lazy.
七．根据短文内容及首字母提示完成单词（每题1分，共10分）
While Tom and Mary were on holiday at the seaside(海鸥)，they enjoyed w 1 the seagulls(海鸥). They learned a l 2 about these lovely birds. They will often come c 3 to you when you are eating something. If you throw pieces of bread to them, they will at once pick them up.
Seagulls swim very w 4 , but they don’t often dive for fish. They are good at f 5 with their wings. When a seagull is in the s 6 , he puts his legs under his body. Tom often watched them come to the ground. The seagulls beat(击打) the air
w 7 their wings and brought down their feet before they touched the ground. Mary liked to s 8 them gliding(滑翔) over the water as they often do, without
m 9 their wings, but she said she didn’t like the n 10 they make.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
参考答案
一、短语翻译（每题1分，共10分）
1、a nature reserve 2、for a short stay
3、stop sth. from happening 4、the Chinese government
5、get thirsty 6、less and less
7、the importance of… 8、make laws
9、different kinds of birds 10、write down
二、单项选择（每题1分，共15分）
1-5 A C C A B 6-10 B A C C A 11-15 A C C D D
三、完形填空（每题1分，共10分）
1-5 A C A B B 6-10 D C A D A
四、阅读理解（每题2分，共30分）
1-5 D A D C B 6-10 A C D B A 11-15 C D C C A
五、任务型阅读（每题1分，共10分）
1. How 2. harmful 3. reduce 4.countries 5. again
6. repair 7. paper 8. else 9. products 10. throw
六、用所给词的适当形式填空（每题1分，共15分）
1. members 2. to study 3. tell 4.dangerous 5. interesting
6. laugh 7. do/ to do 8. singing 9. to buy 10. to write
11. crying 12. playing 13.space 14. feel/wet 15. impossible
七．根据短文内容及首字母提示完成单词（每题1分，共10分）
1. watching 2. lovely 3. throw 4. also 5. under
6. coming 7. beat 8. down 9. water 10. but