Unit 8 Natural disasters 教材全解及单元测试卷

译林牛津8 A Unit 8 Natural disasters
教材全解及单元测试卷
【教材内容解析】
Comic strip
Didn’t you hear the rain (P. 92)
这是一个否定疑问句，表示一种惊讶或者不快，否定疑问句意为“难道……不……吗？”
Aren’t you afraid of your father
Don’t you know you should finish your homework on time
Who will mop up the water if I go home without you (P. 92)
mop此处用作及物动词，意为“用拖把擦干净”，mop up意为“擦干、抹去”。
They are mopping up the floor.
Welcome to the unit
Earthquake kills thousands of people. (P. 93)
thousands of表示“成千上万的”，后接可数名词复数形式，hundred, thousand, million, billion和具体数字连用时，用单数形式，只有与介词of连用，表示大约数字时，才能用复数形式。
Hundreds of birds are flying the sky.
There are two thousand students in my school.
Coach crashes into tree. (P. 93)
crash这里用作不及物动词，意为“碰撞、撞击”，crash into意为“撞上”。
The car crashed on the bend.
I crashed into a tree and hurt my knee.
Flood washes away village. (P. 93)
wash away表示“冲走”，代词作宾语只能放在两者之间，名词作宾语可以放在中间也可以放在后面。
The flood washed them away.
The rain washed away the rubbish on the street.
Lightning starts big fire in classroom building. (P. 93)
start此处用作及物动词，意为“引起、发起”，作不及物动词，表示“出发、动身、开始”。
We love peace and we don’t want to start a war.
School starts at 8 o’clock.
When will you start off
Did you hear about the fire at a school in the UK last week. (P. 93)
hear about意为“听说”，相当于hear of，hear from意为“收到……的来信”。
I never heard about/of that place.
I heard from my elder brother last week.
Reading
At first, I felt a slight shake. (P. 94)
shake此处用作名词，表示“摇动、晃动”，还可以作动词，表示“摇动、振动”，shake hands with sb.“与某人握手”。
He gave the tree a shake.
We usually shaking hands when we meet someone for the first time.
(2) People screamed in fear. (P. 94)
in fear意为“惊恐地”。
The thief shook in fear to see the police.
When they heard the strange noise last night, they looked at me in fear.
Some ran out of the building. I tried my best to run out too, but I couldn’t. (P. 94)
① run out意为“跑出去”，run out of“从……跑出去”，另外，run out还可以表示“用完、用光”，run out of“把……用完”。
The girl ran out of the shopping mall when she heard the noise.
Time is running out. We must hurry up.
If you run out of your money, you can ask me for some.
② try one’s best to do sth. 意为“尽最大努力做某事”，相当于do one’s best to do sth.。
We should try/do our best to learn English well.
(4) Outside, people were running in all directions while pieces of glass and bricks were falling down. (P. 94)
① in all directions表示“四面八方、在各个方向”，与in every direction同义。
After the gunshot, the birds are flying in all directions.
② while作连词，意为“当……时候”，表示两个动作同时进行，也可以表示对比，意为“而”。
My father was reading a book while my mother was washing her hair.
Will you please look after my dog while I am away.
Then the walls began to come down too. (P. 94)
come down此处意为“倒塌”，也可以表示“下来、下降、下跌”。
When did the bridge come down
The rain comes down in torrents.
Meat is coming down in price.
I could not see anything at all. (P. 94)
not...at all意为“根本不……、一点也不”。
I don’t like Beijing opera at all.
...and I did not know if anyone else was near me. (P. 94)
if此处用作动词，意为“是否”，引导宾语从句。
I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow.
【拓展】if表示“如果”时，引导条件状语从句，这时主句一般用将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。
If it is fine tomorrow, we’ll have a picnic.
I don’t know if he will come tomorrow. If he comes, I’ll call you.
I felt nervous and my heart was beating fast. (P. 94)
① nervous作形容词，表示“紧张不安的”，be nervous about“对……感到紧张”。
Most of the students are nervous about the coming exam.
② beat作动词可以表示“（心脏、脉搏）跳动、敲打、打败”。
After running, your heart usually beats faster.
My brother likes beating the drum.
We beat Class 1 at basketball.
“I am trapped,” I said to myself. (P. 94)
say to oneself意为“对自己说、自言自语”。
He likes saying to himself.
A moment of fear went through my mind...(P. 94)
go through表示“穿过、穿越”。
They went through a park to their school.
【拓展】through, over和across辨析
through表示从物体内部空间穿过；over表示从物体上方越过；across表示从物体表面穿过 。
The sun shines through the window.
The plane flies over the city.
He runs across the playground.
...but I told myself to calm down since I was still alive. (P. 94)
① calm此处用作动词，意为“使平静、使镇定”，calm down“冷静、平静”。
Listening to music can make you calm down.
He is out of control. You should calm him down.
② since此处意为“既然、由于、因为”，表示众所周知或者显而易见的原因，相当于as。
Since everyone is here, let’s start the class meeting.
③ alive作形容词，表示“活着的、现存的”，常作表语，作定语时，需后置。
That fish was still alive without water for two hours.
I shouted for help, but no on came. (P. 94)
shout for help意为“喊救命”，相当于scream/cry for help，shout用作动词，表示“呼喊、叫喊”，shout at sb. “朝某人大喊”。
Listen, someone is shouting for help.
Don’t shout at others. It is impolite.
Hours later, as I was trying to find my way out...(P. 94)
find one’s way out表示“找出路”。
The factory was on fire suddenly and the workers were trying to find their way out.
Timmy was asleep when the earthquake started. (P. 96)
asleep意为“睡着的”常作表语，fall asleep“入睡”。
Please don’t wake her up. She is fast asleep.
Grammar
Sandy, I saw you and your parents standing on the side of the road. (P. 97)
on the side of the road“在路边”，on both sides of the road“在路的两边”，也可以说成on each/either side of the road。
The man is standing on the side of the road, waiting for the bus.
There’re many trees on both sides of the road.
(2) My dad’s car broke down because of the cold weather. (P. 97)
break down表示“出故障、坏掉”，是不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态中。
We were all late for school yesterday because our school bus broke down on the way.
The printing machines are always breaking down.
【拓展】break的相关短语
break into 强行闯入 break in打断、插嘴 break out爆发 break away from脱离
When a shorter action happened at the same time as a longer action...(P. 98)
at the same time“同时”。
They put up their hands at the same time.
Integrated skills
(1) Try to get out as soon as possible. (P. 99)
as...as possible意为“尽可能……”相当于as...as one can，两个as中间用形容词或者副词原级。
My mother asks us to come home as early as possible.
You should study as hard as you can.
Cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel to protect yourself from thick smoke. (P. 99)
protect...from/against...意为“保护……免受……”。
The farmer thought up all ways to protect plants from frost.
What can women do to protect themselves from heart disease.
Stay away from a window. (P. 100)
stay away from意为“远离……、不靠近……”，相当于keep away from。
That dog may bite you. Please keep away from it.
Study skills
toothache (P. 101)
toothache意为“牙疼”，toothache是tooth和ache的合成词，类似的还有headache, backache, stomachache。
I had a toothache yesterday.
Task
I nearly fell over. (P. 102)
nearly作副词，意为“几乎、将近”。
Nearly three weeks has passed.
【拓展】nearly与almost的辨析
一般情况下，两者可以互换，但是almost可用于any以及no, none, nobody, nothing, never等否定词之前，但nearly一般不这样用；nearly前可用very, pretty, not等词修饰，但almost之前不能用这些词。
Almost any man can do it.
Almost no one came to the party.
It’s not nearly so difficult as you think.
【重点短语和句型归纳】
重点短语
thousands of 成千上万
wash away 冲走
in all directions 四面八方
come down 崩塌
not...at all 一点也不
catch fire 着火
find one’s way out 找到出路
because of 因为,由于
as...as possible 尽可能...
10. break down 出故障,坏掉
mop up 擦干,抹去
hear about/of 听说
in fear 处于恐慌中
run out 跑出去；用光
say to oneself 自言自语
go through 穿过
calm down 冷静；平静
shout for help 喊救命
find one’s way out 找出路
be trapped 被困
at the same time 同时
learn from 从……中学习
on fire 着火
stay away from 远离
crash into 撞上
cover...with...用……覆盖……
protect...from...保护……免受……
重点句型
try one’s best to do sth. 尽力做某事
keep+宾语+宾补 使……怎么样
see sb. doing sth. 看到某人正在做某事
ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事
have to do sth. 不得不做某事
when...did, ...was/were doing 当……时候,正在……
while...was/were doing, ...did 当正在……,这时……
8. while... was/were doing, ...was/were doing 正在……,而正在……
【语法讲解】
(一) when, while和as 的用法区别
(1) when “当…..时候”, 可指时间点/时间段, 从句中的谓语动词可用延续性动词/非延续性动词. 这些
动词可以表示动作/状态. 从句中的动作既可和主句的动作同时发生, 也可在主句动作之前或之后发
生.
I came to this school when I was 14 years old.
The students were talking noisily when the teacher came in.
(2) While “在…..的时候, 在…..期间”, 他总是指一个时间段, 从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性的, 它强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时发生或主句的动作发生在从句的动作过程中.
I was cooking supper while he was playing the piano.
The teacher came in while the students were talking noisily.
as 引导时间状语从句, 作”当…..的时候”解, 有”随着…..”之意, 与while 的意义相近, 强调两个
动同时发生; 或某事一发生, 另一事立即发生.
He shouted aloud as he ran along.
【提醒】 固定句型结构
(1). 过去进行时(主句)+ while + 过去进行时(从句)
(2). 一般过去时(主句)+ while + 过去进行时(从句)
(3). 过去进行时(主句)+ when + 一般过去时(从句)
(4). 一般过去时(主句)+ as + 一般过去时(从句)
(二)过去进行时
(1) 过去进行时的概念
过去进行时表示在过去某个时间或某个时间段正在进行的动作.
(2). 过去进行时的用法
1)表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作.
What were you doing at 7 p.m. yesterday
2.)表示过去某一时间段内一直正在进行的动作
We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.
(3). 过去进行时中常用的时间状语：at that time, at 9 last night, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening等; 也可与时间状语从句连用,: when I saw him, while he was walking; 还可以通过上下文的暗示:
We were having an English class at that time.
He was playing with his classmates at 4: 30 yesterday afternoon.
Were you doing your homework when your father got home
Dad was cooking while Mum was washing clothes.
【单元测试卷】
短语翻译（每题1分,共10分）
醒来 2、擦干
3、成千上万的 4、撞上
5、冲走 6、远离
7、尽快 8、冷静
9、从……跑出来 10、在恐慌中
单项选择（每题1分,共15分）
( ) 1. (2013湖北孝感) After the Asian Games, people came to Guangzhou for a visit during holidays.
thousand B. thousands C. thousand of D. thousands of
( ) 2. (2014天津) We have never visited the museum, but we have it.
stood for B. belonged to C. heard about D. kept to
( ) 3. (2010江苏无锡) Don’t drive so fast! We must slow down when we drive the tunnel.
past B. across C. over D. through
( ) 4. (2013 江苏徐州) Millie a picture when Mr Green came in.
draw B. will draw C. drew D. was drawing
( ) 5. (2013 浙江衢州) —Sam, what will the weather be like tomorrow
—Sorry, Mum. I didn’t watch the weather forecast just now. I a football match.
was watching B. am watching C. would watch D. will watch
( ) 6. (2013 浙江衢州) Many children are left alone in the countryside. Let’s try our best them.
help B. helping C. to help D. helps
( ) 7. (2013 山东德州) Oh, no! It’s raining. we can’t go skating on the square. !
What a shame B. Well done
C. What a surprise D. how wonderful
( ) 8. (2013 山东滨州) It’s reported that president Xi Jinping arrived Moscow March 22nd and paid a three-day visit to Russia.
at;on B. in;on C. at;in D. in; in
( ) 9. (2013 甘肃白银) I haven’t decided when a holiday yet.
took B. taking C. to take D. take
( ) 10. (2014 江苏扬州) The driver an e-book on his mobile phone while driving.
was reading B. read C. reads D. is reading
( ) 11. (2012 江苏宿迁) Eddie was sleeping Millie was reading a magazine.
until B. while C. before D. after
( ) 12. (2013 浙江杭州) There was a rainstorm yesterday. The flood the old bridge over the small river.
washed away B. went away C. kept away D. put away
( ) 13. (2011 福建泉州) I first met Lisa three tears ago. She at a radio shop at that time.
has worked B. was working C. had been working D. had worked
( ) 14. (2014 河南周口) He kept telling himself . He knew he could do well if he tried.
not to nervous B. don’t be nervous
C. not to be nervous D. didn’t be nervous
( ) 15. (2010 江苏镇江) The plane will take off three hours. I must get to the airport right now.
in B. for C. on D. at
完形填空（每题1分,共10分）
It's very common to meet different people in public places.
When I was 12 years old,I got a small job in a 1 ,On my first day at work,I didn't come home for lunch. When I came home at night, Mum asked, “How did you 2 your lunch, dear ”I answered,“I made some new friends in the supermarket, twin brothers, their mom and dad. They were my customers. They invited me 3 lunch."
Mum was happy that I had made new friends but she wanted to know what kinds of 4 they might be.
Several days later,I asked my friends to come to the supermarket where l worked
5 let Mum meet them. Mum was very 6 to find out that the twin brothers were joined at the chest（胸部）.She felt very strange because I didn't tell her about that before.
When Mum asked me about this,I said,“I know that too. But do you know that their mom has to make all clothes because it's 7 difficult to find anything to fit them They're also good 8 .That day, Joe, the one on the right, made me noodles for lunch."
When Mum saw the twins, she must have thought how strange they 9 . But to me, what I cared about was that they had difficulty 10 clothes and they were good cooks.
( ) 1. A.supermarket B.post office C.factory D.bank
( ) 2. A.find B.make C.manage D.eat
( ) 3. A.at B.for C.after D.before
( ) 4. A.men B.women C.boys D.people
( ) 5. A.and B.but C.or D.so
( ) 6. A.surprised B.excited C.interested D.disappointed
( ) 7. A.so B.very C.too D.really
( ) 8. A.friends B.singers C.workers D.cooks
( ) 9. A.smelled B.looked C.felt D.sounded
( ) 10. A.selling B.making C. wearing D.buying
阅读理解（每题2分,共30分）
A
A 7-magnitude（震级）earthquake hit Ya'an,Sichuan at 8:02 on April 20, 2013, and it killed at least 196 people and injured more than 11,000.
Together with other students, Yang Xuelan ran out to the playground. She was safe. But all her textbooks and exercise books were buried（埋）in the teaching building.
What can we do when an earthquake happens In fact, there's little we can do to stop natural disasters (自然灾害) such as earthquakes happening. But, some methods can reduce the harm they cause.
◆ Drop down onto your hands and knees. This way can protect you from falling.
◆ Cover your head under a strong table or desk. You can also stay along a wall,and cover your head with your arms and hands.
◆ Hold on to(守住,抓牢) your shelter(遮蔽物) until the shaking stops. Be prepared to move with your shelter if the shaking continues.
Schools can normally take the earthquake drills（演练） to help student stay alive.
( ) 1. How many people lost their lives in the earthquake in Ya'an
A. At least 196. B. More than 11,000.
C. Less than 196. D. About 11,196.
( ) 2. When the earthquake happened in Ya'an, Yang Xuelan was .
A. at home B. at school
C. on her way to school D. playing on the playground
( ) 3. What does the underlined word "reduce" mean in Chinese
A.提高 B.阻止 C.增加 D.减少
( ) 4. According to the writer, we can to reduce the harm natural disasters cause.
A. do nothing B. stay at home
C. take some methods D. run out of the house
( ) 5. Which of the following can help you stay alive in an earthquake
A. Dropping down onto your hands and knees.
B. Covering your head under a strong table or desk.
C. Holding on to your shelter until the shaking stops.
D. A, B and C.
B
Once when I was a teenager, my father and I were standing in line to buy tickets for the circus. Finally, there was only one family between the ticket office and us. This family made a big impression on me.
There were eight children, all probably under the age of 12. You could tell they didn’t have a lot of money. Their clothes were not expensive, but they were clean. The children talked excitedly about the clowns. It was clearly a very important day out for them. The father and mother seemed happy as they could be.
The tickets lady asked how many tickets the father wanted, he proudly answered, “Please let me buy eight children’s tickets and two adults’ tickets, so I can take my family to the circus.”
The ticket lady told him the price.
The man’s wife lowered her head. There was no longer a smile on the man’s face. He quietly asked, “How much did you say ”
The ticket lady again told him the price.
The man obviously didn’t have enough money. But how could he tell his kids the bad news
Seeing what was happening, my dad took a $20 note from his pocket and dropped in on the ground. (We were not rich ourselves at all!) He then tapped the man on the shoulder and said, “Excuse me, sir, you dropped this.”
The man understood my father was helping him. He picked up the money, looked straight into my dad’s eyes, and in tears replied. “Thank you. This really means a lot to me and my family.”
Although we did not go to the circus that night, we didn’t go without.
( ) 6. Why does the writer say “Their clothes were not expensive, but they were clean” ( Paragraph 2)
A. To show the children were well looked after.
B. To show cheap clothes could be popular.
C. To show how hard the mother worked.
D. To show how rich the family were.
( ) 7. Why was the poor man unhappy after he spoke with the ticket lady
A. He had lost his money. B. His children were noisy.
C. The tickets were sold out. D. The tickets were too expensive.
( ) 8. Who did the $20 note belong to
A. The poor man . B. The writer’s father.
C. The poor man’s wife. D. The ticket lady.
( ) 9. Why was the poor man in tears at the end of the story
A. He found the money he lost. B. He wanted others to help him.
C. He made his children unhappy. D. He was thankful for the kindness.
( ) 10. Which of the following statements is probably true according to the passage
A. The poor mans saw the circus that night.
B. The two families became close friends.
C. The writer’s father earned some money.
D. The writer saw the circles that night.
C
Presents For Children’s Day
Charles M. Schulz was born in 1922 in Minneapolis, the only child of a housewife and a barber. His interest in comics was encouraged by his father, who loved the funny pages. Charles M. Schulz sold seventeen cartoons to the Saturday Evening Post from 1948 to 1950 and Li’l Folks to the St. Paul Pioneer Press. Peanuts debuted(首次露面) on October 2, 1950, and ran without interruption(中止)for the next fifty years. Charles M. Schulz died in 2000.
●IT’S A DOG’S LIFE SNOOPY
It’s a Dog’s Life, Snoopy brings all your familiar friends together for great times and fun.
●IT’S A BIG WORLD CHARLIE BROWN
Charlie Brown faces some of life’s little challenges with the help of Snoopy, Lucy, Peppermint Patty, Linus, and the rest of the gang(一伙) in It’s a Big World, Charlie Brown.
●PEANUTS 2000
The last one is the special edition Peanuts 2000, which includes all the last year’s Peanuts comic strip and Charles M. Schulz’s famous farewell strip.
Come and visit our website at www. or come to Ballantine Bookshop, you’ll have a big surprise.
( ) 11. Why did young Charles become interested in comics
A. He wanted to sell cartoons
B. His mother encouraged him.
C. Cartoons brought him great times and fun
D. His father’s love for the funny pages influenced him.
( ) 12. When did Peanuts first appear in public
A. In 1922 B. In 1948 C. In 1950 D. In 2000
( ) 13. Who doesn’t belong to the Peanuts gang
Snoopy. B. Lucy.
C. Charles M. Schulz. D. Peppermint Patty.
( ) 14. Which of the following appeared last
A. Peanuts 2000 B. Li’l Folks
C. It’s a Dog’s Life, Snoopy D. It’s a Big World, Charlie Brown.
( ) 15. What do you think the passage is
A. A novel B. A menu C. A diary D. An advertisement
五、任务型阅读（每题1分,共10分）
阅读下列短文,根据短文中的信息完成文后的表格（每空一词）
The haze（雾霾）season is back. How much do you know about haze Haze can also be called “Smog”. The word "smog" is from the words “smoke” and “fog”, it first appeared in the early 20th century, It is a kind of air pollution（污染）caused（导致）mostly by cars and factories.
Smog will do great harm（伤害）to your health, especially lungs（肺）.It can make you cough and cause skin and eye problems. It seems that we can do nothing to stop it, but only wait until the wind blows all the smog away. However, there are some easy ways to prevent it hurting you. Here are some of them.
1. Don’t do exercise in the open.
Exercising in the open makes you breathe（呼吸）deeply, and you will take in the particles（颗粒物）deep into your lungs.
2. Stay indoors and keep the air clean.
If you can, just stay in your room and keep the doors and windows closed. Remember to air your room twice a day, you can open the window at noon or at night for half an hour.
3. Wear a mask.
Paper and cotton masks can not help you in the haze weather. Some special masks, such as N95 masks, can keep you from breathing in the particles in the air.
4. Change your diet.
Scientists find that vitamin A, C and E can greatly help protect your eyes, nose and lungs. So eat more green vegetables and fresh fruit everyday. What’s more, do not eat food with too much fat（脂肪）,it’s bad for your lungs.
The haze weather
What is haze It 1 smog, a kind of smoky and 2 weather.
It is a kind pollution caused by cars and 3 .
What is the harm It is 4 for our health.
5 to prevent the haze Don’t 6 outside.
Stay indoors as 7 as possible with the doors and windows closed. Remember to open the windows for a while to keep the 8 clean.
9 a mask to prevent taking in the particles.
Change your diet. Vitamins can make you healthy. So, please eat more vegetables and fruit and 10 meat.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
六、用所给词的适当形式填空（每题1分,共15分）
1. When I got home yesterday afternoon, it (rain) hard.
2. On a (snow) morning, many cars hit each other.
3. The lift didn’t work and we were (trap) inside.
4. I know that many (visit) come to China every day.
5. They always have fun (talk) to each other.
6. Do you like the basketball player (name) Lin Shuhao
7. He gave me some (advise) on how to learn English
8. (nature) disasters kill a lot of people every year.
9. Which (direct) did they go to Do you know
10. It took (near) two hours to get there.
11. The average person’s heart (beat) 70 times a minute, right
12. Alice was laughing and joking, but her sister remained (silence).
13. I couldn’t fall (sleep) last night because of the exciting news.
14. I wish you would stop (shout) at the children.
15. It is too (noise) outside for me to hear you clearly.
根据短文内容及首字母提示完成单词（每题1分,共10分）
There are too many accidents in cities. Accidents often happen when people c 1 the roads or streets. Read the passage c 2 and learn to be careful later on. Be careful when it is r 3 . Many a 4 happen on rainy days. People are in a h 5
because they don’t want to get wet. They often cross the roads q 6 . Often they c 7 see clearly as they hold their u 8 in front of them. Remember that cars take m 9 time to stop when the roads are a 10 wet. When it is raining, we must be more and more careful, not less careful.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
参考答案
短语翻译（每题1分,共10分）
1. wake up 2. mop up 3. millions of 4. crash into 5. wash away
6. stay/keep away from 7. as soon as possible 8. calm down 9. run out of 10. in fear
二、单项选择（每题1分,共15分）
1-5 DCDDA 6-10 CABCA 11-15 BABCA
三、完形填空（每题1分,共10分）
ACBDA 6-10 ACDBD
阅读理解（每题2分,共30分）
1-5 ABDCD 6-10 ADBDA 11-15 DCCAD
任务型阅读（每题1分,共10分）
means 2. foggy 3. factories 4. bad 5. Ways
6. exercise 7. much/often 8. air 9. Wear 10.less
六、用所给词的适当形式填空（每题1分,共15分）
1. was raining 2. snowy 3. trapped 4. visitors 5. talking
6. named 7.advice 8. Natural 9. direction 10. nearly
11. beats 12. silent 13. asleep 14. shouting 15. noisy
根据短文内容及首字母提示完成单词（每题1分,共10分）
1.cross 2.carefully 3. rainy 4. accidents 5. hurry
6. quickly 7. can’t 8. umbrellas 9. more 10.all