高中英语语法一点通——定语从句学案（无答案）
文档属性
| 名称 | 高中英语语法一点通——定语从句学案（无答案） |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 47.2KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-04-08 17:07:41 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
四位一体——知识清单+难点突破+解题秘诀+易错题型
高中英语语法一点通——定语从句
知识清单
一、定语从句的定义
一个从句来充当定语，这个从句就称为“定语从句”，被定语从句修饰的词称为“先行词”，先行词可以是名词、代词或者一个句子，定语从句通常紧跟在先行词后面，有时候为了表达的需要，先行词和定语从句也可能割裂开来。
Do you know the man who is standing over there
Those who will attend the meeting must arrive on time tomorrow morning.
He was admitted to a key university, which made his family proud.
The book will sell well, which is written by the famous writer.
The exam made the boy worried who had never studied hard.
二、定语从句的分类
分类 特征 例句
限制性定语从句 对先行词起修饰限制作用 He has two sons who work in the same company.
非限制性定语从句 对先行词起到补充说明作用，先行词和定语从句往往用逗号隔开。 Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses.
三、关系词的用法
定语从句的引导词称为“关系词”，关系词在定语从句中起到三重作用：（1）连接主句和定语从句；（2）代替先行词；（3）在定语从句中充当句子成分（主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语）。
定语从句通常情况下缺少以下几个句子成分：主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语，既然缺少句子成分，那么关系词就必须把这些缺少的句子成分补上，关系词进一步分为：关系代词和关系副词，关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语；关系副词在定语从句中充当状语。
关系代词的用法
先行词 关系词 充当的句子成分 例句
人 who 主语、宾语 Do you know the man who is repairing the bike I can’t remember the man (who) I met yesterday.
whom 宾语 The boy (whom) he loved died in the war.
物 which 主语、宾语 The views which are entirely new won’t be popular. She suffered from cancer, which we can’t accept.
人或物 that 主语、宾语、表语 There must be something that happened to you. I don’t like the novel (that) you are reading. He is no longer the man that he used to be.
whose 定语 I don’t like the books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father is a teacher studies hard.
as 主语、宾语、表语 As I know, she hasn’t got married. He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.
特别提醒：
① 关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，that/who/whom/which可以省略，但是as不可以省略。
② whose引导定语从句时，可以与of which或者of whom互换。
He lives in a house whose windows face south.
(=He lives in a house the windows of which face south.
或者He lives in a house of which the windows face south.)
The girl whose hair is yellow is my sister.
(=The girl the hair of whom is yellow is my sister.
或者The girl of whom the hair is yellow is my sister.)
③ as引导限制性定语从句时，先行词一般被such, so, the same修饰。
He is such a good teacher as we all respect.
=He is so good a teacher as we all respect.
Lucy wears the same dress as her sister wore yesterday.
注：
1、the same......as “同一类”；the same......that “同一个”。
This is the same pen that I lost yesterday. You should return it to me.
You wear the same coat as my mother bought me last month.
such...as...结构（as引导定语从句）与such...that...结构（that引导结果状语从句）的区别：
She is such a lovely girl as we all like. （as引导定语从句，在从句中作宾语）
She is such a lovely girl that we all like her.（that引导状语从句，从句结构和意义完整）
④ who也可以用来作宾语，但是当先行词前面有介词时，只能用whom，不能用who。
Do you know the man who/whom your mother is talking with
Do you know the man with whom your mother is talking
⑤ 关系代词that和which/who的区别
【只能用that的情况】
当先行词是不定代词all, much, little, something, somebody, everything, everybody, anything, anybody, nothing, nobody, none时。
You should hand in all that you have.
Is there anything that I can do for you
当先行词被the only, the very（恰恰、正是）, the same, the last修饰时。
This is the very dictionary that he wants to buy.
The only that we can do is to give you some money.
当先行词是序数词或者形容词最高级，或者先行词被序数词和形容词最高级修饰时。
It is the best film that I have ever seen.
He is always the first that comes to school.
关系代词在定语从句中充当表语的时候。
My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be.
当先行词既有人又有物时。
I will never forget the places and the people that I visited during last summer vacation.
主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。
Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting
Which is the book that you bought yesterday
【只能用which/who的情况】
引导非限制性定语从句时，只能用which和who。
We don't like the boy, who is always shouting in public.
Have you been to the museum, which is opposite the hospital.
关系代词前有介词时，只能用which和whom。
The man with whom my father talked is the headmaster.
That is the city in which we lived for three years.
先行词为人称代词或指示代词时，只用who或which。
He who I met yesterday was a famous actor.
Those who can seize every opportunity are more likely to succeed.
⑥ 引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个句子时，as和which的区别。
as引导非限制性定语从句时，位置更加灵活，as既可以放在主句前，又可以放在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而which引导非限制性定语从句时，只能置于主句之后。
The weather turned out to be very good, which/as was beyond your expectations.
As is known to everyone, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
=The moon travels round the earth once every month, as/which is known to everyone.
=What is known to everyone is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
=It is known to everyone that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
表达“正如……、像……一样”时，通常用as，而不用which。
She is a fine singer, as her mother used to be.
Things will turn out to be contrary to people’s wishes, as is often the case.
⑦ “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句
当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词只能用which或者whom，并且不能省略。
The writer published many books, most of which are novels.
In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.
“介词+关系代词”结构中介词选择可根据上下文、先行词前介词的习惯搭配或根据动词的习惯搭配。
He often recalled the day on which he went to college.
It's an expensive car on which he spent one million.
He spent four years at college, during which time he mastered English well.
Water boils at 100℃, at which temperature it changes to gas.
“复合介词短语+which”引导的定语从句，定语从句常用倒装语序。
He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tree.
“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句有时可以转换成“介词+which/whom+不定式结构”。
The poor man has no house in which he can live.
=The poor man has no house in which to live.
2、关系副词的用法
关系副词 指代对象 句法作用
when (=in/on/at which) 时间名词 时间状语
where (in/at which) 地点名词 地点状语
why (for which) 原因名词（reason） 原因状语
I won't forget the day when (on which) I went to college.
The village where (in which) the writer was born is famous now.
The reason why (for which) he was late for school is clearly a lie.
（关系副词和介词+which同时出现时，选择关系副词。）
注意：
关系副词where引导的定语从句，在定语从句中作地点状语，先行词不仅可以是具体的地点，也可以是抽象的地点，如：point, situation, scene, case, condition, job, work, stage, instance, environment, surrounding, atmosphere, activity等。
They have reached the point where they have to separate from each other.
I can think of many cases where students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.
定语从句的其它用法
名词way后接定语从句的用法
当先行词是way“方式、方法”，引导定语从句的关系词使用如下表：
充当的句子成分 关系词 例句
主语 that, which The way that/which was given in the meeting is practical.
宾语 that, which, / The way (that/which) he explained to us was quite simple.
状语 that, in which, / No one likes the way (that/in which) he behaves.
当引导定语从句的关系词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要在人称、数方面与先行词保持一致。
I, who am honest, never tell lies.
特别提醒：
“one of+复数名词+关系代词+谓语动词复数”；“the (only) one of+复数名词+关系代词+谓语动词单数”。
The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that draw lots of visitors.
The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that can be seen from the moon.
定语从句关系词的选择
1、辨别先行词表示的是人、物、时间、地点还是原因。
2、分析代替先行词的关系词在定语从句中充当的句子成分，缺少主语、宾语、表语、定语还是状语，缺少主语、宾语、表语、定语选用关系代词；不缺少主语、宾语、表语、定语则缺少状语，这时选用关系副词。
3、判断定语从句是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句。
The reason which he gave is clearly a lie. （which作宾语）
The reason why she refused him is not known.（why作状语）
The night which he spent together with his friends is wonderful.（which作宾语）
The night when he stayed in his uncle's family made him at ease.（when作状语）
难点突破
【that引导定语从句和同位语从句的区别】
关系代词that引导定语从句时，一方面起到引导定语从句的作用，另一方面在定语从句中担当主语、宾语或者表语，因此，that引导的定语从句是残缺的、结构不完整的。
连接词that引导同位语从句时，应放在某些抽象名词之后，如news, word, idea, fact, hope, desire, thought等，对前面的名词起到补充说明的作用，连接词that只起到引导同位语从句的作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分，因此that引导的同位语从句结构和意义是完整的。
The news that our football team won the match was encouraging.
The news (that) we heard on the radio was not true.
解题秘诀
定语从句“六部曲”
① 读出定语从句，找出修饰与被修饰的关系。
② 确定先行词语定语从句部分。
③ 判断先行词所指代的对象。（先行词表示的是人、物、时间、地点还 是原因。）
④ 对定语从句进行句法分析，找出所缺句子成分，从而确定先行词在定语从句中所充当 的成分是主语、宾语、表语、定语还是状语，进而确定用关系代词还是关系副词。缺 少主语、宾语、表语、定语选用关系代词；不缺少主语、宾语、表语、定语则缺少状 语，选用关系副词。
⑤ 确定用关系代词还是关系副词后，结合每个关系词的具体用法，最后确定运用某个具 体的关系词。
⑥ 通读全句，进一步确定修饰关系。
易错题型
We have seen many good policies for the Chinese people the new government brings in benefiting all the citizens.
who B. where C. which D. when
Colin went to the bookstore and bought several books last week, two were written by Guo Jingming.
whose B. that C. of which D. which
--How do you understand life
--It is a constant match the greatest opponent is yourself.
in that B. of which C. where D. when
Mr Wang is just one of the victims from houses the thieves stole money and other valuables.
whose B. those C. whom D. their
Anyway, that evening, I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place.
when B. where C. in which D. which
Is this hotel you stayed in Beijing last summer vacation
where B. the one C. which D. the one where
Is this the hotel you stayed in Beijing last summer vacation
where B. the one C. which D. the one where
He made another wonderful discovery, of great importance to science.
which I think is B. which I thinks it is
C. which I think it D. I think which is
9. The war and the suffering caused affected him greatly.
A. that B. which C. it D. what
10. A child notices a thousand times a day the differences between the language he uses and the language around him use.
A. who B. those C. that D. which
高中英语语法一点通——定语从句
知识清单
一、定语从句的定义
一个从句来充当定语，这个从句就称为“定语从句”，被定语从句修饰的词称为“先行词”，先行词可以是名词、代词或者一个句子，定语从句通常紧跟在先行词后面，有时候为了表达的需要，先行词和定语从句也可能割裂开来。
Do you know the man who is standing over there
Those who will attend the meeting must arrive on time tomorrow morning.
He was admitted to a key university, which made his family proud.
The book will sell well, which is written by the famous writer.
The exam made the boy worried who had never studied hard.
二、定语从句的分类
分类 特征 例句
限制性定语从句 对先行词起修饰限制作用 He has two sons who work in the same company.
非限制性定语从句 对先行词起到补充说明作用，先行词和定语从句往往用逗号隔开。 Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses.
三、关系词的用法
定语从句的引导词称为“关系词”，关系词在定语从句中起到三重作用：（1）连接主句和定语从句；（2）代替先行词；（3）在定语从句中充当句子成分（主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语）。
定语从句通常情况下缺少以下几个句子成分：主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语，既然缺少句子成分，那么关系词就必须把这些缺少的句子成分补上，关系词进一步分为：关系代词和关系副词，关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语；关系副词在定语从句中充当状语。
关系代词的用法
先行词 关系词 充当的句子成分 例句
人 who 主语、宾语 Do you know the man who is repairing the bike I can’t remember the man (who) I met yesterday.
whom 宾语 The boy (whom) he loved died in the war.
物 which 主语、宾语 The views which are entirely new won’t be popular. She suffered from cancer, which we can’t accept.
人或物 that 主语、宾语、表语 There must be something that happened to you. I don’t like the novel (that) you are reading. He is no longer the man that he used to be.
whose 定语 I don’t like the books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father is a teacher studies hard.
as 主语、宾语、表语 As I know, she hasn’t got married. He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.
特别提醒：
① 关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，that/who/whom/which可以省略，但是as不可以省略。
② whose引导定语从句时，可以与of which或者of whom互换。
He lives in a house whose windows face south.
(=He lives in a house the windows of which face south.
或者He lives in a house of which the windows face south.)
The girl whose hair is yellow is my sister.
(=The girl the hair of whom is yellow is my sister.
或者The girl of whom the hair is yellow is my sister.)
③ as引导限制性定语从句时，先行词一般被such, so, the same修饰。
He is such a good teacher as we all respect.
=He is so good a teacher as we all respect.
Lucy wears the same dress as her sister wore yesterday.
注：
1、the same......as “同一类”；the same......that “同一个”。
This is the same pen that I lost yesterday. You should return it to me.
You wear the same coat as my mother bought me last month.
such...as...结构（as引导定语从句）与such...that...结构（that引导结果状语从句）的区别：
She is such a lovely girl as we all like. （as引导定语从句，在从句中作宾语）
She is such a lovely girl that we all like her.（that引导状语从句，从句结构和意义完整）
④ who也可以用来作宾语，但是当先行词前面有介词时，只能用whom，不能用who。
Do you know the man who/whom your mother is talking with
Do you know the man with whom your mother is talking
⑤ 关系代词that和which/who的区别
【只能用that的情况】
当先行词是不定代词all, much, little, something, somebody, everything, everybody, anything, anybody, nothing, nobody, none时。
You should hand in all that you have.
Is there anything that I can do for you
当先行词被the only, the very（恰恰、正是）, the same, the last修饰时。
This is the very dictionary that he wants to buy.
The only that we can do is to give you some money.
当先行词是序数词或者形容词最高级，或者先行词被序数词和形容词最高级修饰时。
It is the best film that I have ever seen.
He is always the first that comes to school.
关系代词在定语从句中充当表语的时候。
My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be.
当先行词既有人又有物时。
I will never forget the places and the people that I visited during last summer vacation.
主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。
Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting
Which is the book that you bought yesterday
【只能用which/who的情况】
引导非限制性定语从句时，只能用which和who。
We don't like the boy, who is always shouting in public.
Have you been to the museum, which is opposite the hospital.
关系代词前有介词时，只能用which和whom。
The man with whom my father talked is the headmaster.
That is the city in which we lived for three years.
先行词为人称代词或指示代词时，只用who或which。
He who I met yesterday was a famous actor.
Those who can seize every opportunity are more likely to succeed.
⑥ 引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个句子时，as和which的区别。
as引导非限制性定语从句时，位置更加灵活，as既可以放在主句前，又可以放在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而which引导非限制性定语从句时，只能置于主句之后。
The weather turned out to be very good, which/as was beyond your expectations.
As is known to everyone, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
=The moon travels round the earth once every month, as/which is known to everyone.
=What is known to everyone is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
=It is known to everyone that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
表达“正如……、像……一样”时，通常用as，而不用which。
She is a fine singer, as her mother used to be.
Things will turn out to be contrary to people’s wishes, as is often the case.
⑦ “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句
当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词只能用which或者whom，并且不能省略。
The writer published many books, most of which are novels.
In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.
“介词+关系代词”结构中介词选择可根据上下文、先行词前介词的习惯搭配或根据动词的习惯搭配。
He often recalled the day on which he went to college.
It's an expensive car on which he spent one million.
He spent four years at college, during which time he mastered English well.
Water boils at 100℃, at which temperature it changes to gas.
“复合介词短语+which”引导的定语从句，定语从句常用倒装语序。
He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tree.
“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句有时可以转换成“介词+which/whom+不定式结构”。
The poor man has no house in which he can live.
=The poor man has no house in which to live.
2、关系副词的用法
关系副词 指代对象 句法作用
when (=in/on/at which) 时间名词 时间状语
where (in/at which) 地点名词 地点状语
why (for which) 原因名词（reason） 原因状语
I won't forget the day when (on which) I went to college.
The village where (in which) the writer was born is famous now.
The reason why (for which) he was late for school is clearly a lie.
（关系副词和介词+which同时出现时，选择关系副词。）
注意：
关系副词where引导的定语从句，在定语从句中作地点状语，先行词不仅可以是具体的地点，也可以是抽象的地点，如：point, situation, scene, case, condition, job, work, stage, instance, environment, surrounding, atmosphere, activity等。
They have reached the point where they have to separate from each other.
I can think of many cases where students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.
定语从句的其它用法
名词way后接定语从句的用法
当先行词是way“方式、方法”，引导定语从句的关系词使用如下表：
充当的句子成分 关系词 例句
主语 that, which The way that/which was given in the meeting is practical.
宾语 that, which, / The way (that/which) he explained to us was quite simple.
状语 that, in which, / No one likes the way (that/in which) he behaves.
当引导定语从句的关系词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要在人称、数方面与先行词保持一致。
I, who am honest, never tell lies.
特别提醒：
“one of+复数名词+关系代词+谓语动词复数”；“the (only) one of+复数名词+关系代词+谓语动词单数”。
The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that draw lots of visitors.
The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that can be seen from the moon.
定语从句关系词的选择
1、辨别先行词表示的是人、物、时间、地点还是原因。
2、分析代替先行词的关系词在定语从句中充当的句子成分，缺少主语、宾语、表语、定语还是状语，缺少主语、宾语、表语、定语选用关系代词；不缺少主语、宾语、表语、定语则缺少状语，这时选用关系副词。
3、判断定语从句是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句。
The reason which he gave is clearly a lie. （which作宾语）
The reason why she refused him is not known.（why作状语）
The night which he spent together with his friends is wonderful.（which作宾语）
The night when he stayed in his uncle's family made him at ease.（when作状语）
难点突破
【that引导定语从句和同位语从句的区别】
关系代词that引导定语从句时，一方面起到引导定语从句的作用，另一方面在定语从句中担当主语、宾语或者表语，因此，that引导的定语从句是残缺的、结构不完整的。
连接词that引导同位语从句时，应放在某些抽象名词之后，如news, word, idea, fact, hope, desire, thought等，对前面的名词起到补充说明的作用，连接词that只起到引导同位语从句的作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分，因此that引导的同位语从句结构和意义是完整的。
The news that our football team won the match was encouraging.
The news (that) we heard on the radio was not true.
解题秘诀
定语从句“六部曲”
① 读出定语从句，找出修饰与被修饰的关系。
② 确定先行词语定语从句部分。
③ 判断先行词所指代的对象。（先行词表示的是人、物、时间、地点还 是原因。）
④ 对定语从句进行句法分析，找出所缺句子成分，从而确定先行词在定语从句中所充当 的成分是主语、宾语、表语、定语还是状语，进而确定用关系代词还是关系副词。缺 少主语、宾语、表语、定语选用关系代词；不缺少主语、宾语、表语、定语则缺少状 语，选用关系副词。
⑤ 确定用关系代词还是关系副词后，结合每个关系词的具体用法，最后确定运用某个具 体的关系词。
⑥ 通读全句，进一步确定修饰关系。
易错题型
We have seen many good policies for the Chinese people the new government brings in benefiting all the citizens.
who B. where C. which D. when
Colin went to the bookstore and bought several books last week, two were written by Guo Jingming.
whose B. that C. of which D. which
--How do you understand life
--It is a constant match the greatest opponent is yourself.
in that B. of which C. where D. when
Mr Wang is just one of the victims from houses the thieves stole money and other valuables.
whose B. those C. whom D. their
Anyway, that evening, I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place.
when B. where C. in which D. which
Is this hotel you stayed in Beijing last summer vacation
where B. the one C. which D. the one where
Is this the hotel you stayed in Beijing last summer vacation
where B. the one C. which D. the one where
He made another wonderful discovery, of great importance to science.
which I think is B. which I thinks it is
C. which I think it D. I think which is
9. The war and the suffering caused affected him greatly.
A. that B. which C. it D. what
10. A child notices a thousand times a day the differences between the language he uses and the language around him use.
A. who B. those C. that D. which