高中英语语法一点通——虚拟语气学案（无答案）

四位一体——知识清单+难点突破+解题秘诀+易错题型
高中英语语法一点通——虚拟语气
知识清单
一、虚拟语气在if引导的非真实条件句中的运用
情况 从句 主句
与现在事实相反的假设 If+主语+动词过去式（be动词用were） 主语+would/should/could /might+动词原形
If I were you, I should seize the chance to go abroad.
与过去事实相反的假设 If+主语+had done 主语+would/should/could /might+have done
If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exam.
与将来事实相反的假设 If+主语+were to/should+动词原形 主语+would/could /might+动词原形
If he should not come tomorrow, we would put off the meeting until next Monday.
使用虚拟条件句时要特别注意以下几点：
错综时间条件句
当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。
If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.
If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now.
if省略句
当条件状语从句中谓语含有were, had, should时，可以省略if，将were, had, should提到从句句首，变为倒装句式。
If I were at school again, I would study harder.
—Were I at school again, I would study harder.
If you had come earlier, you would have caught the bus.
—Had you come earlier, you would have caught the bus.
If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.
—Should it rain tomorrow, we should not go climbing.
含蓄条件句
有时候为了表达的需要，在虚拟条件句中并不是总会出现if引导的条件句，而是通过其它手段来代替条件句，常见有with, without, or, otherwise, but, but for, but that等。
What would you do with a million dollars (=If you had a million dollars)
Without your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.
=But for your help, ...
=If it hadn’t been for your help, ...
I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.
=If I hadn’t been ill that day, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.
I should have given you more help, but I was too busy.
=If I hadn’t been too busy, I should have given you more help.
二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用
1、用于宾语从句中
① wish后的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。从句的谓语动词形式主要分为三类：（1）一般过去时（动作与wish同时发生）；（2）过去完成时（动作先于wish发生）；（3）would/could/might+动词原形（动作后于wish发生）。
I wish that I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.
I wish I had met that film star yesterday.
I wish that I would fly to the moon one day in the future.
注：if only+句子=How I wish that+从句，表示“但愿……，如果……就好了”。
If only I were a flying bird!
=How I wish I were a flying bird!
If only I had seen the film!=How I wish I had seen the film!
② 用于表示建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句中，常见的动词有：suggest, advise, propose, recommend, insist, order, demand, require, request, desire, urge等，谓语动词用should +动词原形的形式，should通常省略。
He suggested that we (should) start off early the next day.
They insisted that the boy (should) go with them.
特别提醒：
当suggest不表示“建议”而作“表明、暗示”解时，其后的宾语从句要用陈述句语气，不用虚拟语气。
同样，当insist不表示“坚决要求”而作“坚决认为、坚持说”解时，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气，不用虚拟语气。
The smile on her face suggested that she was satisfied with our work.
The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.
③ 在would rather后的宾语从句中也用虚拟语气，用过去时表示对现在或者将来情况的虚拟，用过去完成时表示对过去情况的虚拟。
I would rather they hadn’t heard of the news yesterday.
2、用于主语从句中
It is desired/suggested/proposed/recommended/necessary/essential/important/strange/natural/a pity/a shame+that从句，从句谓语动词用“should +动词原形”的形式，should通常省略。
It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week.
It is a pity that he (should) be badly ill.
3、用于表语从句和同位语从句中
在suggestion, advice, proposal, order, plan, idea, desire, request, demand等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用“should +动词原形”的形式，should通常省略。
My idea is that we (should) think it over before accepting it.
We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Dalian for sightseeing.
三、虚拟语气在定语从句中的运用
在It is (high/about) time that...句型中，定语从句的谓语动词一般用过去时，或用“should+动词原形”（其中should不可以省略），该句型表示“该……”，用来表示提议。
It is time that you went to school.
It is time that the children should have lunch.
四、虚拟语气在状语从句中的运用
1、在as if/though“好像、似乎”引导的方式状语从句中，如果表达虚假的事实，需要用虚拟语气，从句用一般过去时表示与现在事实的相反；用过去完成时表示与过去事实的相反；用过去将来时表示与将来事实的相反。
He looks as if he were an artist.
They spoke English fluently as if they had learned English for many years.
特别提醒：
as if/though也可以表示真实的情况，这时用真实语气。
Look at the dark clouds in the sky. It looks as if it is going to rain soon.
在lest/for fear that“以防”引导的目的状语从句中，从句谓语动词用“should +动词原形”的形式，should通常省略。
He got up early lest(for fear that)he should miss the first train.
难点突破
在考查虚拟语气时，在同一个语境中会牵扯到真实情况和虚拟情况，真实情况的时态使用为如何表达虚拟情况提供了依据，尤其在含蓄虚拟语气中。具体说来，如果真实情况用的是现在时态，那么接下来所使用的虚拟语气就是对现在情况的虚拟；同理，如果真实情况用的是过去时态，那么虚拟语气应该是对过去情况的虚拟。
解题秘诀
认真审题，正确理解语境，判断是否需要使用虚拟语气。尤其是对既包含陈述语气又包含虚拟语气的语境，要能准确地把握“虚”与“实”。解题时，还要特别注意一些特殊词汇和句式中的虚拟语气，当它们出现时，能够准确识别出来，并套用虚拟语气。
易错题型
We lost our way in that small village; otherwise we more places of interest yesterday.
visited B. had visited C. would visit D. would have visited
Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she there, she wouldn’t be able to see her parents very often.
lives B. would live C. has lived D. were to live
We John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.
will put B. will have put C. would put D. would have put
I you in your exploring study, but you didn’t call me up in time.
should join B. might join C. could have joined D. must have joined
--Well, did you miss the early train
--Yes, but had I hurried, I .
shouldn’t B. hadn’t have C. wouldn’t D. wouldn’t have
This nationwide smog should serve as a reminder to all, indicating a high time that we on what we’ve done to the environment.
have reflected B. are reflecting C. will reflect D. reflected
If you the medicine on time as the doctor instructed, you would not suffer so much now.
have taken B. were to take C. took D. had taken
--Did you finish your composition in the exam
--Given five more minutes, I it for sure.
would finish B. were to finish C. would have finished D. had finished
--Did you go to Taylor Swift’s concert last night
--I would rather I . But I was preparing a report for my boss.
did B. had C. would D. might
--Steve made a reservation already.
--______ he change his mind, he can cancel it.”
A. Should B. Would C. If D. Had