初中英语语法大全——被动语态（共16张PPT）

(共16张PPT)
初中英语语法大全
被动语态
语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明句子中主语和谓语动词的具体关系，分为主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，使用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者，则使用被动语态。
一、被动语态的构成
1.被动语态与主动语态的关系
主动语态:强调动作发出者；被动语态 :强调受到动作影响的对象
eg: He wrote the book.
eg: The book was written by him.
eg: She sings the English song.
eg: The English song is sung by her.
2. 各种时态及情态动词的被动语态
3. 被动语态的各种句式
eg: A road has been built by the government. 一条道路已经被政府修建了。
eg: I am not invited to go to the party by my friend. 我没有被朋友邀请去参加聚会。
eg: Are trees being planted over there by them 那边的树正在被他们种植吗
eg: When was the basketball team set up 这支篮球队是什么时候成立的
二、被动语态的用法
1.强调动作的承受者
主语应该是说话者要突出强调的重点。如果我们感兴趣的重点发动作的承受者(实语，就用被动语态将其宾语交为主语使其突出。
eg: Many houses were destroyed in the earthquake of April 20,203 in Ya’an.
在雅安的地震中很多房屋被损坏了。 (强调destroy的承受者many houses)
eg: A new idea has been suggested. 已经提出了一个新想法。(强调suggest的宾语a new idea)
2. 没有必要指出动作的执行者
说话者不知道动作的执行者,或者认为没有必要指出。
eg: Do you know when the first train was produced in China
你知道中国的第一辆火车是什么时候制造的吗
eg:The house is being repaired. 这座房子正在修缮中。
3. 强调动作的执行者
被动句有时不用by短语，因为使用被动句多因动作执行者不明确或者不重要，但是有时也用by短语来强调或突出重要的、新的信息。
eg: The painting on the wall is very valuable. It was done by Picasso
墙上的那幅画非常珍贵，那是毕加索画的。(强调do的发出者Picasso)
eg: The beautiful gift was given by my grandfather.
这份精美的礼物是我爷爷给我的。(强调give的发出者grandfather)
三、主动语态和被动语态的转化
1. 主动语态转化为被动语态的步骤
步骤一：将主语的宾语作被动语态的主语
eg: Bruce writes a letter every week. → A letter is written by Bruce every week.
步骤二：谓语动词变成“be+及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表现出不同的时态。
Bruce writes a letter every week. → A letter is written by Bruce every week.
步骤三：主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语(by Bruce)，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。(有时by短语可以省略）
Bruce writes a letter every week. → A letter is written by Bruce every week.
2. 动语态转化为被动语态的各种情况
(1) 主语+谓语+宾语... (主语+be done+by)
主动语态：No one has ever beaten Sonya at tennis.
被动语态：Sonya has never been beaten (by...) at tennis.
(2)A. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 ( 主语+be done+直接宾语(+by...)
主动语态：They give the children many good books.
被动语态：The children were given many good books.
B.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 (主语+ be done to/ for+间接宾语(by...)、
主动语态：They give the children many good books.
被动语态：Many good books were given to the children by them.
(3) 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 (主语+ be done+宾语补足语(by...)
主动语态：We made Mr.White leader of the team.
被动语态：Mr. White was made leader of the team.
四.被动语态的注意事项
1.主动形式表示被动意义
(1) 某些连系动词，如look, sound, smell, taste, feel, prove等，可用主动语态表示被动含义。
eg: This shirt feels much softer than that one. 这件衬衫提起来比那件衬衫柔软得多。
eg: Everything will prove to be all right in the end. 最后会证明一切顺利。
(2) 表示主语的特征、状态的动词作谓语时。
表示主语的特征、状态的动词常见的有read, write, sell, clean, cook, burn, draw, cut, wear等,此类动词常表示主语的某种属性。
eg: Her new novel sells well. 她的新小说很畅销。
eg: This kitchen cleans very easily. 这个厨房很容易清洗。
(3) 当open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。此类动词通常与can't, won't等连用。
eg: The door won't shut. 这扇门关不上。
eg: Suddenly the door opened. 突然间门开了。
(4) 某些表示“发生”的(短语)动词，如happen, take place, spread等。
eg: The accident happened last week. 事故是上周发生的。
eg: The news spread quickly and at last our teacher knew it. 这些消息传播的很快，最后我们老师知道了。
(5)动名词的主动形式表被动意义。
作“需要”讲的need, want, require后的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动式。
eg: The problem requires studying with great care. = The problem requires to be studied with great care.
2. 不能使用被动语态的情况
(1)某些表示状态的及物动词作谓语时。
常见的表示状态的及物动词有have (有)，fit (适合), suit (适合)，hold (容纳), cost (花费)，last (持续)等。
eg: The hall can hold 1,000 people. 这个大厅可以容纳1000人。
Her successful career lasted for about forty years. 她成功的事业持续了大约40年。
(2) 宾语是反身代词或相互代词表示地点或处所的名词时,不可用于被动语态。
eg: Each other could be hardly seen in the fog. (X)
We could hardly see each other in the fog. (√)