初中英语语法大全——宾语从句（共15张PPT）

(共15张PPT)
初中英语语法大全
宾语从句
在句中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。包括动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。宾语从句的连接词有从属连词that, whether,if；连接代词who，whom,whose,which,what等；连接副词 when, where, why, how 等。
一、宾语从句的语法功能
1.作动词的宾语
eg: Tell your son that watching TV too much is bad for his eyes.
2.作介词的宾语
eg: It all depends on whether it will be fine tomorrow.
3.作系表结构的宾语
eg: I am sure that he will come soon.
二、宾语从句的连接词
1.that引导的宾语从句
由that引导的宾语从句表示陈述意义。从属连词that无实际意义，不在从句中充当任何成分。此时宾语从句的成分齐全，句意明确。在口语和非正式文体中that可以省略。
eg: I don't think (that) there will be time to do it.
eg: Many people believe ( that ) robots will do most our work.
2. whether/if引导的宾语从句
(1)可用whether/if的情况
whether/if引导的宾语从句大多由一般疑问句作直接引语变化而来，常放在ask, care, wonder find out等后引导从句。whether/if在从句中不作成分，但含有“是否”之义，在句中不可省略。
eg: I asked them whether/if they would win the match.
eg: Do you care whether/if you win
eg: He asked me whether/if Miss Li was a teacher.
eg: Nobody knows whether/if he likes this birthday present.
(2)只用whether不用if的情况
①引导介词后的宾语从句时。
eg: It depends on whether it will snow tomorrow.
②与or not连用时。
eg: I asked your secretary whether she could come or not.
eg: Let me know whether he has passed the exam or not.
③与不定式连用时。
eg: I really don’t know whether to accept or refuse.
eg: Next Monday the teacher will tell us whether to have a test.
3.连接代词引导的宾语从句
宾语从句可由连接代词what,who,whom,whose,which等引导，它们在宾语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语等，因此不能省略。
Do you know who will come this afternoon
I don't know whom you should depend on.
I don't know what it is.
Could you tell me which gate we have to go to
4.连接副词引导的宾语从句
宾语从句可由连接副词when,where,how,why等引导，它们在宾语从句中做状语，不可以省略。
eg: He didn't tell me when the traffic accident had taken place.
eg: ——Your coat looks very nice. Could you tell me where you bought it
——Of course. You can buy it at www..
eg: Could you please tell me how I can read the new word
eg: I will tell you why I am angry with him.
三、宾语从句的时态
1.时态的变化
当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用相应的过去时态。
The policewoman asked the little boy where he lived.
He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby.
2.时态的不变化
(1)当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或者祈使句时，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。
eg: ——Do you know how Amy came to school this morning
——Her bike was broken, so she had to walk.
eg: I don't know when he will come back.
eg: Please tell me whom you went to the garden with this morning.
(2)当宾语从句表达客观事实或规律时,其时态应用一般现在时。
eg: The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
eg: Everyone knew that there are sixty minutes in an hour.
四、宾语从句的注意事项
1.宾语宾语从句的语序
陈述句作宾语从句时，仍然用原陈述语序；疑问句作实语从句时。原来的倒装语序要改为陈述语序。
eg: Tom advised me that I should take more water.
eg: I don't know why he is leaving.
—Because he has to look after his mother.
eg: It's surprising that he got such a high mark!
—Yes.I wonder how he did it.
2. 宾语从句的否定转移
主语是第一人称I/we,主句谓语动词是表示“想，认为”等意义的动词，如think, believe, imagine, suppose, expect, guess等。若后面的从句是否定意义时，从句的否定一般要转移到主句中。其反意疑问句的人称和时态一般与宾语从句一致。
We think you can' t play the guitar. (×)
We don' t think you can play the guitar.(√)
He doesn't think that he is fit for the job.(×)
He thinks that he isn't fit for the job. (√)
I don' t believe that's his fault, is it
3.宾语从句的简化
(1)当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓话动词是hope,wish. decide, agree, choose等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。
I hope that I can receive your letter.
=hope to receive your letter.
She agreed that she could help me with my math.
=She agreed to help me with my math.
(2)当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是 know, remember, forget, learn等时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。
She doesn't know what she could do next.
=She doesn't know what to do next.
He doesn't remember how he can sing this song.
=He doesn't remember how to sing this song.
(3)当主句的谓语动词是find,see,watch,hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语+宾语补足语”结构，宾语补足语为不带to的不定式或者动词-ing形式。
She found the wallet was lying on the ground.
=She found the wallet lying on the ground.
I saw some children were playing in the park.
=I saw some children playing in the park.