初中全新英语语法——宾语从句（共14张PPT）

(共14张PPT)
初中全新英语语法
宾语从句
用一个句子作宾语，这个句子就是宾语从句。宾语从句的三大考点是时态、语序和引导词。
宾语从句的引导词
在含有宾语从句的复合句中，主句与从句之间要有一个连接词来引导从句，这个连接词称为宾语从句的引导句。宾语从句的引导词分三类，一是连接代词that，二是连词if和whether，三是特殊疑问句。
1.that引导的宾语从句
宾语从句是陈述句时，用连词that引导。that在从句中只起引导作用，没有词义，不做句子成分，在口语中常常省略。如：
We believe that he is honest.
I suggest that we should go tomorrow,
We learnt from his letter that he was in Spain.
I didn't know (that) he was LiLei.
She said that she would come to the meeting.
I promise you (that) I will be there.
2. if/whether引导的宾语从句
当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，从句要用if或whether引导， if和whether 意为“是否”，在句中不做句子成分，也不能省略。
I asked him if he was busy.
I asked him whether he was coming.
I don’t know if (whether) he'll arrive in time.
I didn’t know whether they liked the place.
I wonder if it's large enough.
[辨析]if和whether的用法区别:
在下列情况下多用whether而不用if：
①在动词不定式之前只能用whether，而不用if。 如：
I can't decide whether to stay.
He doesn't know whether to visit that old man again.
②在介所后的宾语从向，只能用whether引导而不用if。如：
His father is worried about whether he will lose his work.
③当宾语从句置于句首表示强调时用whether引导不宜用if。如:
Whether he lives there， I want to know.
④与or not连用时用whether连接而不用if。如：
I don't know whether or not they will come for our help.
3. 特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句
当宾语从句是一个特殊疑问句时，特殊疑问词就是引导词。如：
I don't know who/ whom you mean.
Please tell me which you like.
You don't know what you are talking about.
He asked why he had to go alone.
宾语从句的时态
在含有宾语从句的复合句中，从句的时态中往往会受主句时态的限制和制约，即宾语从句的时态随主句的时态的变化而相应变化。
1.主句现在时，从句时态不限制
当主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态或将来时态时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要选用任何时态。如：
He always says that he is our good friend.(主句一般现在时，从句一般现在时)
Karen has told me that she'll leave for New York tomorrow.（主句现在完成时，从句一般将来时）
I remember Yang Hua phoned you yesterday.(主句一般现在时，从句一般过去时)
2.主句过去时，从句也用过去时
当主句谓语动词的时态为过去时态时，从句的谓语动词须用相应的过去时态，包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时。如:
He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.(从句一般过去时)
He said that he was going to take care of the baby. (从句过去将来时)
He didn't tell us he came from Shanghai. (从句一般过去时)
3.从句表真理，时态不限制
当宾语从句的内容表示的是客观真理、客观事实或不可改变的现象时，从句的时态不受主句时态限制，即使主句谓语动词为过去时,从句仍用一般现在时。如：
The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun.
He said spring comes before summer.
I told him one and ten is eleven.
宾语从句的语序
宾语从句疑问句时,要用陈述句语序。如：
He asked me when we would start out the next day.
Did you find out where she lost her car
（误）I don't know where has she gone.
（正）I don't know where she has gone.
（误）Do you know what is he doing
（正）Do you know what he is doing
（误）I don't know how does he go to school.
（正）I know how he goes to school.
宾语从句的简化
1.由宾语从句简化为动词不定式
当主句的谓语动词是hope，decide，wish， choose，agree， promise 等,且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时.宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。如：
Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon.
→Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.
We decided that we would help him.
→We decided to help him.
2. 由宾语从句简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构
当主句谓语动词是know， learn，remember，forget， tell等动词，从句由特殊疑问词引导，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如：
She has forgotten how she can open the window.
→She has forgotten how to open the window.